Credit Quality Indicators | Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company establishes a risk rating at origination for all commercial loan and commercial real estate relationships. For relationships over $ 3 million, management monitors the loans on an ongoing basis for any changes in the borrower’s ability to service their debt. Management also affirms the risk ratings for the loans in their respective portfolios on an annual basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows: (In Thousands of Dollars) Pass Special Sub Doubtful Total September 30, 2024 Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 385,103 $ 4,908 $ 6,729 $ 0 $ 396,740 Non-owner occupied 637,248 9,976 35,765 1,175 684,164 Farmland 200,902 0 2,289 0 203,191 Other 280,656 1,106 8,638 0 290,400 Commercial Commercial and industrial 348,796 171 10,868 0 359,835 Agricultural 58,760 67 420 0 59,247 Total loans $ 1,911,465 $ 16,228 $ 64,709 $ 1,175 $ 1,993,577 (In Thousands of Dollars) Pass Special Sub Total December 31, 2023 Commercial real estate Owner occupied $ 386,015 $ 9,628 $ 3,385 $ 399,028 Non-owner occupied 648,063 27,938 35,794 711,795 Farmland 200,240 0 2,486 202,726 Other 215,459 0 8,318 223,777 Commercial Commercial and industrial 334,764 646 12,409 347,819 Agricultural 58,506 17 552 59,075 Total loans $ 1,843,047 $ 38,229 $ 62,944 $ 1,944,220 The Company considers the performance of the loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for credit losses. For residential, consumer indirect and direct loan classes, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The above table for the period ending December 31, 2023 does not include a $ 1.63 million non-owner occupied commercial real estate loan that was held-for-sale and risk rated substandard. There were no special mention or substandard loans related to loans held-for-sale at September 30, 2024. In the 1-4 family residential real estate portfolio at September 30, 2024, other real estate owned and foreclosure properties were $ 0 and $ 361 thousand, respectively. At December 31, 2023, other real estate owned and foreclosure properties were $ 92 thousand and $ 207 thousand, respectively. The following tables present the recorded investment in residential, consumer indirect and direct auto loans based on payment activity as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Nonperforming loans are loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest and nonaccrual loans. Residential Real Estate Consumer (In Thousands of Dollars) 1-4 Family Home Indirect Direct Other September 30, 2024 Performing $ 848,676 $ 155,830 $ 247,302 $ 20,301 $ 9,749 Nonperforming 4,106 242 587 141 6 Total loans $ 852,782 $ 156,072 $ 247,889 $ 20,442 $ 9,755 Residential Real Estate Consumer (In Thousands of Dollars) 1-4 Family Home Indirect Direct Other December 31, 2023 Performing $ 839,744 $ 141,952 $ 234,439 $ 23,690 $ 9,159 Nonperforming 3,817 519 447 135 5 Total loans $ 843,561 $ 142,471 $ 234,886 $ 23,825 $ 9,164 The following table presents total loans by risk categories and year of origination: Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year As of September 30, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Total Commercial real estate - Owner occupied: Risk Rating Pass $ 34,754 $ 55,619 $ 49,745 $ 61,781 $ 47,164 $ 133,476 $ 2,564 $ 385,103 Special mention 0 3,250 0 1,130 0 528 0 4,908 Substandard 0 0 2,313 0 628 3,600 188 6,729 Total commercial real estate - Owner occupied loans $ 34,754 $ 58,869 $ 52,058 $ 62,911 $ 47,792 $ 137,604 $ 2,752 $ 396,740 Commercial real estate - Owner Occupied: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 21 $ 0 $ 0 $ 21 Commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied: Risk Rating Pass $ 28,980 $ 47,673 $ 133,108 $ 81,447 $ 73,555 $ 265,029 $ 7,456 $ 637,248 Special mention 0 0 536 314 0 9,126 0 9,976 Substandard 7,141 409 0 10,910 6,925 10,380 0 35,765 Doubtful 0 0 0 1,175 0 0 0 1,175 Total commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied loans $ 36,121 $ 48,082 $ 133,644 $ 93,846 $ 80,480 $ 284,535 $ 7,456 $ 684,164 Commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 4,380 $ 146 $ 0 $ 0 $ 4,526 Commercial real estate - Farmland: Risk Rating Pass $ 11,476 $ 22,178 $ 39,688 $ 19,790 $ 32,079 $ 72,989 $ 2,702 $ 200,902 Substandard 0 0 0 319 0 1,970 0 2,289 Total commercial real estate - Farmland loans $ 11,476 $ 22,178 $ 39,688 $ 20,109 $ 32,079 $ 74,959 $ 2,702 $ 203,191 Commercial real estate - Other: Risk Rating Pass $ 28,993 $ 101,466 $ 70,158 $ 46,221 $ 8,595 $ 24,624 $ 599 $ 280,656 Special mention 0 993 0 113 0 0 0 1,106 Substandard 8,602 0 0 0 0 36 0 8,638 Total commercial real estate - Other loans $ 37,595 $ 102,459 $ 70,158 $ 46,334 $ 8,595 $ 24,660 $ 599 $ 290,400 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Continued) As of September 30, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Total Commercial - Commercial and industrial: Risk Rating Pass $ 59,602 $ 87,280 $ 59,819 $ 29,847 $ 13,538 $ 23,284 $ 75,426 $ 348,796 Special mention 0 0 0 171 0 0 0 171 Substandard 80 87 5,851 281 191 1,804 2,574 10,868 Total commercial - Commercial and industrial loans $ 59,682 $ 87,367 $ 65,670 $ 30,299 $ 13,729 $ 25,088 $ 78,000 $ 359,835 Commercial - Commercial and industrial: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 231 $ 284 $ 104 $ 220 $ 164 $ 313 $ 1,316 Commercial - Agricultural: Risk Rating Pass $ 7,691 $ 12,502 $ 14,426 $ 6,352 $ 2,216 $ 1,152 $ 14,421 $ 58,760 Special mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 67 Substandard 0 1 45 63 172 139 0 420 Total commercial - Agricultural loans $ 7,691 $ 12,503 $ 14,471 $ 6,415 $ 2,388 $ 1,291 $ 14,488 $ 59,247 Commercial - Agricultural: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 36 $ 13 $ 29 $ 17 $ 0 $ 95 Residential real estate - 1-4 family residential: Payment Performance Performing $ 62,632 $ 71,869 $ 161,600 $ 157,665 $ 123,755 $ 267,898 $ 3,257 $ 848,676 Nonperforming 0 0 24 299 1,920 1,863 0 4,106 Total residential real estate - 1-4 family residential loans $ 62,632 $ 71,869 $ 161,624 $ 157,964 $ 125,675 $ 269,761 $ 3,257 $ 852,782 Residential real estate - 1-4 family residential: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 17 $ 0 $ 64 $ 0 $ 81 Residential real estate - Home equity lines of credit: Payment Performance Performing $ 0 $ 166 $ 61 $ 169 $ 95 $ 4,491 $ 150,848 $ 155,830 Nonperforming 0 0 29 0 0 161 52 242 Total residential real estate - Home equity lines of credit loans $ 0 $ 166 $ 90 $ 169 $ 95 $ 4,652 $ 150,900 $ 156,072 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Continued) As of September 30, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Total Consumer - Indirect: Payment Performance Performing $ 68,575 $ 60,128 $ 54,533 $ 25,248 $ 15,820 $ 22,998 $ 0 $ 247,302 Nonperforming 0 81 189 153 68 96 0 587 Total consumer - Indirect loans $ 68,575 $ 60,209 $ 54,722 $ 25,401 $ 15,888 $ 23,094 $ 0 $ 247,889 Consumer - Indirect: Current period gross write-offs $ 10 $ 65 $ 89 $ 150 $ 93 $ 336 $ 0 $ 743 Consumer - Direct: Payment Performance Performing $ 2,246 $ 2,539 $ 2,735 $ 1,489 $ 906 $ 10,039 $ 347 $ 20,301 Nonperforming 0 9 6 35 66 25 0 141 Total consumer - Direct loans $ 2,246 $ 2,548 $ 2,741 $ 1,524 $ 972 $ 10,064 $ 347 $ 20,442 Consumer - Direct: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 7 $ 29 $ 5 $ 5 $ 91 $ 0 $ 137 Consumer - Other: Payment Performance Performing $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 60 $ 100 $ 375 $ 9,214 $ 9,749 Nonperforming 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 6 Total consumer - Other loans $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 60 $ 100 $ 376 $ 9,219 $ 9,755 Consumer - Other: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 1 $ 0 $ 0 $ 139 $ 0 $ 140 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total Commercial real estate - Owner occupied: Risk Rating Pass $ 57,983 $ 58,178 $ 66,205 $ 42,023 $ 48,849 $ 109,831 $ 2,946 $ 386,015 Special mention 0 293 0 8,779 0 556 0 9,628 Substandard 0 0 0 10 490 2,701 184 3,385 Total commercial real estate - Owner occupied loans $ 57,983 $ 58,471 $ 66,205 $ 50,812 $ 49,339 $ 113,088 $ 3,130 $ 399,028 Commercial real estate - Owner Occupied: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1 Commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied: Risk Rating Pass $ 49,177 $ 135,433 $ 88,188 $ 77,713 $ 81,079 $ 205,729 $ 10,744 $ 648,063 Special mention 0 0 12,156 0 6,565 9,217 0 27,938 Substandard 0 0 3,972 10,037 3,492 17,794 499 35,794 Total commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied loans $ 49,177 $ 135,433 $ 104,316 $ 87,750 $ 91,136 $ 232,740 $ 11,243 $ 711,795 Commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 144 $ 201 $ 0 $ 345 Commercial real estate - Farmland: Risk Rating Pass $ 22,576 $ 40,101 $ 20,890 $ 34,036 $ 18,634 $ 59,900 $ 4,103 $ 200,240 Substandard 0 0 330 0 26 2,130 0 2,486 Total commercial real estate - Farmland loans $ 22,576 $ 40,101 $ 21,220 $ 34,036 $ 18,660 $ 62,030 $ 4,103 $ 202,726 Commercial real estate - Farmland: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 3 $ 0 $ 3 Commercial real estate - Other: Risk Rating Pass $ 68,911 $ 56,753 $ 47,895 $ 9,063 $ 8,516 $ 23,269 $ 1,052 $ 215,459 Substandard 0 0 0 8,186 0 132 0 8,318 Total commercial real estate - Other loans $ 68,911 $ 56,753 $ 47,895 $ 17,249 $ 8,516 $ 23,401 $ 1,052 $ 223,777 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Continued) As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total Commercial - Commercial and industrial: Risk Rating Pass $ 90,807 $ 85,255 $ 40,444 $ 21,794 $ 9,736 $ 23,030 $ 63,698 $ 334,764 Special mention 0 141 355 21 0 0 129 646 Substandard 195 3,551 980 404 1,077 699 5,503 12,409 Total commercial - Commercial and industrial loans $ 91,002 $ 88,947 $ 41,779 $ 22,219 $ 10,813 $ 23,729 $ 69,330 $ 347,819 Commercial - Commercial and industrial: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 178 $ 579 $ 11 $ 16 $ 394 $ 0 $ 1,178 Commercial - Agricultural: Risk Rating Pass $ 13,738 $ 17,368 $ 8,917 $ 3,584 $ 1,386 $ 1,133 $ 12,380 $ 58,506 Special mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 17 Substandard 0 33 118 225 24 152 0 552 Total commercial - Agricultural loans $ 13,738 $ 17,401 $ 9,035 $ 3,809 $ 1,410 $ 1,285 $ 12,397 $ 59,075 Commercial - Agricultural: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 15 $ 70 $ 3 $ 0 $ 6 $ 0 $ 94 Residential real estate - 1-4 family residential: Payment Performance Performing $ 63,365 $ 171,862 $ 164,469 $ 132,989 $ 49,380 $ 254,027 $ 3,652 $ 839,744 Nonperforming 37 58 312 1,645 115 1,650 0 3,817 Total residential real estate - 1-4 family residential loans $ 63,402 $ 171,920 $ 164,781 $ 134,634 $ 49,495 $ 255,677 $ 3,652 $ 843,561 Residential real estate - 1-4 family residential: Current period gross write-offs $ 52 $ 0 $ 49 $ 130 $ 0 $ 129 $ 0 $ 360 Residential real estate - Home equity lines of credit: Payment Performance Performing $ 0 $ 19 $ 14 $ 111 $ 51 $ 3,302 $ 138,455 $ 141,952 Nonperforming 0 26 13 15 0 465 0 519 Total residential real estate - Home equity lines of credit loans $ 0 $ 45 $ 27 $ 126 $ 51 $ 3,767 $ 138,455 $ 142,471 Residential real estate - Home equity lines of credit: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 8 $ 0 $ 16 $ 0 $ 24 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (Continued) As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total Consumer - Indirect: Payment Performance Performing $ 74,425 $ 71,705 $ 32,528 $ 21,163 $ 11,395 $ 23,223 $ 0 $ 234,439 Nonperforming 54 108 138 85 26 36 0 447 Total consumer - Indirect loans $ 74,479 $ 71,813 $ 32,666 $ 21,248 $ 11,421 $ 23,259 $ 0 $ 234,886 Consumer - Indirect: Current period gross write-offs $ 33 $ 138 $ 71 $ 35 $ 23 $ 232 $ 0 $ 532 Consumer - Direct: Payment Performance Performing $ 3,552 $ 3,812 $ 2,203 $ 1,352 $ 974 $ 11,431 $ 366 $ 23,690 Nonperforming 0 17 0 65 0 53 0 135 Total consumer - Direct loans $ 3,552 $ 3,829 $ 2,203 $ 1,417 $ 974 $ 11,484 $ 366 $ 23,825 Consumer - Direct: Current period gross write-offs $ 11 $ 38 $ 22 $ 51 $ 9 $ 100 $ 0 $ 231 Consumer - Other: Payment Performance Performing $ 0 $ 0 $ 60 $ 103 $ 82 $ 278 $ 8,636 $ 9,159 Nonperforming 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 Total consumer - Other loans $ 0 $ 0 $ 60 $ 103 $ 82 $ 283 $ 8,636 $ 9,164 Consumer - Other: Current period gross write-offs $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 20 $ 149 $ 169 The Company follows ASU 2016-13 to calculate the allowance for credit losses which requires projecting credit losses over the lifetime of the credits. The ACL is adjusted through the provision for credit losses and reduced by net charge offs of loans. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, the credit risk in the loan portfolio is largely influenced by general economic conditions and trends of the counties and markets in which the debtors operate, and the resulting impact on the operations of borrowers or on the value of any underlying collateral. The credit loss estimation process involves procedures that consider the unique characteristics of the Company’s loan portfolio segments. These segments are disaggregated into the loan pools for monitoring. A model of risk characteristics, such as loss history and delinquency experience, trends in past due and non-performing loans, as well as existing economic conditions and supportable forecasts are used to determine credit loss assumptions. The Company uses two methodologies to analyze loan pools. The cohort method and the probability of default/loss given default (“PD/LGD”). Cohort relies on the creation of cohorts to capture loans that qualify for a particular segment, as of a point in time. Those loans are then tracked over their remaining lives to determine their loss experience. The Company aggregates financial assets on the basis of similar risk characteristics when evaluating loans on a collective basis. Those characteristics include, but are not limited to, internal or external credit score, risk ratings, financial asset, loan type, collateral type, size, effective interest rate, term, or geographical location. The Company uses cohort primarily for consumer loan portfolios. The probability of default portion of PD/LGD is defined by the Company as 90 days past due, placed on non-accrual, loan restructuring for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty or is partially, or wholly, charged-off. Typically, a one-year time period is used to assess probability of default (“PD”). PD can be measured and applied using various risk criteria. Risk rating is one common way to apply PDs. Loss given default LGD is to determine the percentage of loss by facility or collateral type. LGD estimates can sometimes be driven, or influenced, by product type, industry or geography. The Company uses PD/LGD primarily for commercial loan portfolios. The following table presents the loan pools and the associated methodology used during the calculation of the allowance for credit losses in 2024. Portfolio Segments Loan Pool Methodology Loss Drivers Residential real estate 1-4 Family Residential Real Estate - 1st Liens Cohort Credit Loss History 1-4 Family Residential Real Estate - 2nd Liens Cohort Credit Loss History Home Equity Lines of Credit Home Equity Lines of Credit Cohort Credit Loss History Consumer Finance Cash Reserves Cohort Credit Loss History Direct Cohort Credit Loss History Indirect Cohort Credit Loss History Commercial Commercial and Industrial PD/LGD Credit Loss History Agricultural PD/LGD Credit Loss History Municipal PD/LGD Credit Loss History Commercial real estate Owner Occupied PD/LGD Credit Loss History Non-Owner Occupied PD/LGD Credit Loss History Multifamily PD/LGD Credit Loss History Farmland PD/LGD Credit Loss History Construction PD/LGD Credit Loss History According to the accounting standard, an entity may make an accounting policy election not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable if the entity writes off the applicable accrued interest receivable balance in a timely manner. The Company has made the accounting policy election not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables for all loan segments. Current policy dictates that a loan will be placed on nonaccrual status, with the current accrued interest receivable balance being written off, upon the loan being 90 days delinquent or when the loan is deemed to be collateral dependent and the collateral analysis shows insufficient collateral coverage based on a current assessment of the value of the collateral. In addition, ASC Topic 326 requires the Company to establish a liability for anticipated credit losses for unfunded commitments. To accomplish this, the Company must first establish a loss expectation for extended (funded) commitments. This loss expectation, expressed as a ratio to the amortized cost basis, is then applied to the portion of unfunded commitments not considered unilaterally cancelable, and considered by the company’s management as likely to fund over the life of the instrument. At September 30, 2024, the Company had $ 681 million in unfunded commitments and set aside $ 1.58 million in anticipated credit losses. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $ 753 million in unfunded commitments and set aside $ 1.84 million in anticipated credit losses. The $ 72 million decrease in unfunded commitments and $ 261 thousand decrease in the reserve for anticipated credit losses is due to existing construction loan projects that are moving forward and advances are being made to the loan. This reserve is recorded in other liabilities as opposed to the ACL. The determination of the ACL is complex and the Company makes decisions on the effects of factors that are inherently uncertain. Evaluations of the loan portfolio and individual credits require certain estimates, assumptions and judgments as to the facts and circumstances related to particular situations or credits. The ACL was $ 36.2 million at September 30, 2024 and $ 34.4 million at December 31, 2023. The increase of $ 1.8 million was due to an increase to the specific reserve related to a non-owner occupied commercial real estate relationship, updates to the Company's delay periods that impacted the loss ratios of certain loan pools under the Cohort methodology, increased Portfolio Composition and growth qualitative factors due to increasing loan balances. These factors were partially offset by the reduction of the specific reserve related to a loan settlement, reduction of the specific reserve related to a payoff of another individually evaluated relationship, and improved loss rates for certain loan pools under the PD/LGD methodology. Purchased Loans Under ASU Topic 326 , when loans are purchased with evidence of more than significant deterioration of credit, they are accounted for as purchase credit deteriorated (“PCD”). PCD loans acquired in a transaction are marked to fair value and a mark on yield is recorded. In addition, an adjustment is made to the ACL for the expected loss on the acquisition date. These loans are assessed on a regular basis and subsequent adjustments to the ACL are recorded on the income statement. During 2024, the Company has not acquired any additional PCD loans. The outstanding balance at September 30, 2024 and related allowance on PCD loans is as follows: Loan Balance ACL Balance Commercial real estate Owner Occupied $ 384 $ 14 Non-owner Occupied 27,033 475 Farmland 5 0 Commercial Commercial and industrial 1,690 115 Agricultural 117 7 Residential real estate 1-4 family residential 1,265 7 Home equity lines of credit 3 0 Total $ 30,497 $ 618 |