SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2015 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
ACCOUNTING METHOD | a. ACCOUNTING METHOD The Company uses the accrual method of accounting for financial statement and tax return purposes. |
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION | The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SORL Auto Parts, Inc. and its majority owned subsidiaries. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the respective periods are included in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. The portion of the income or loss applicable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries undertakings is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. |
USE OF ESTIMATES | c. USE OF ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes its best estimate of the outcome for these items based on historical trends and other information available when the financial statements are prepared. Changes in estimates are recognized in accordance with the accounting rules for the estimate, which is typically in the period when new information becomes available to management. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | d. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short term investments, trade receivables and payables, prepaid expenses, deposits and other current assets, short-term bank borrowings, accounts payable, and other payables and accruals, the carrying amounts approximate fair values due to their short Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm's-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, freemarket dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm's-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated. It is not, however, practical to determine the fair value of amounts due from/to related parties due to their related party nature. |
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS | e. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS A related party is generally defined as (i) any person that holds 10% or more of the Company’s securities and their immediate families, (ii) the Company’s management, (iii) someone that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company, or (iv) anyone who can significantly influence the financial and operating decisions of the Company. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties. The Company conducts business with its related parties in the ordinary course of business. |
FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS AND FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT | f. FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS AND FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT The Company is exposed to the following risk factors: (i) Credit risks - The Company has policies in place to ensure that sales of products are made to customers with an appropriate credit history. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations with respect to the financial condition of its creditors, but does not require collateral. In order to determine the value of the Company’s accounts receivable, the Company records a provision for doubtful accounts to cover probable credit losses. Management reviews and adjusts this allowance periodically based on historical experience and its evaluation of the collection of outstanding accounts receivable. The Company has a concentration of credit risk due to geographic sales as a majority of its products are marketed and sold in the PRC. The Company has no customer that accounts for more than 5.0% of its total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015. (ii) Liquidity risks - Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash, the availability of funding through an adequate amount of committed credit facilities and ability to close out market positions. (iii) Interest rate risk - The interest rate of short-term bank borrowings obtained in 2015 ranged from 1.33 5.35 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | g. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. |
SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS | h. SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS The Company’s short term investments include term deposits with an original maturity from three months to one year with financial institutions. Term deposits in the amount of $ 21,559,690 140,000,000 March 24, 2015 March 24, 2016 6,159,911 40,000,000 December 17, 2015 June 17, 2016 |
RESTRICTED CASH | i. RESTRICTED CASH Restricted cash mainly represents bank deposits used to pledge the bank acceptance notes. The Company entered into credit agreements with commercial banks in China (“endorsing banks”) which agree to provide credit within stipulated limits. Within the stipulated credit limits, the Company can issue bank acceptance notes to its suppliers as payments for the purchases. In order to issue bank acceptance notes, the Company is generally required to make initial deposits or pledge note receivables to the endorsing banks in amounts of certain percentage of the face amount of the bank acceptance notes to be issued by the Company. The cash in such accounts is restricted for use over the terms of the bank acceptance notes, which are normally three to six months. |
INVENTORIES | j. INVENTORIES Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost computed on a weighted-average basis. Cost includes all costs of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. |
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT | k. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The initial cost of the asset comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition and location for its intended use. Category Estimated Useful Life (Years) Buildings 10 20 Machinery and equipment 5 10 Electronic equipment 5 Motor vehicles 5 10 Leasehold improvements The lesser of remaining lease term or 10 Significant improvements are capitalized when it is probable that the expenditure resulted in an increase in the future economic benefits expected to be obtained from the use of the asset beyond its originally assessed standard of performance. When improvements are made to real property and those improvements are permanently affixed to the property, the title to those improvements automatically transfers to the owner of the property. The lessee’s interest in the improvements is not a direct ownership interest but rather it is an intangible right to use and benefit from the improvements during the term of the lease. Routine repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred. Gains and losses on disposal of fixed assets are recognized in the income statement based on the net disposal proceeds less the carrying amount of the assets. |
LAND USE RIGHTS | l. LAND USE RIGHTS According to the law of China, the government owns all the land in China. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through land use rights granted by the Chinese government. Land use rights are being amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 45 The Company purchased the land use rights from Ruili Group, a related party. The Company has not yet obtained the land use right certificate. |
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS | m. IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment and other non-current assets, including intangible assets, are reviewed periodically for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset or group of assets is less than their carrying value. If impairment exists, an adjustment is made to write the asset down to its fair value, and a loss is recorded as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows or internal and external appraisals, as applicable. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of carrying value or estimated net realizable value. |
INTANGIBLE ASSETS | n. INTANGIBLE ASSETS Intangible assets represent mainly the patent of technology, plus the computer software. Intangible assets are measured initially at cost. Intangible assets are recognized if it is probable that the future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. After initial recognition, intangible assets are measured at cost less any impairment losses. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. |
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR BAD DEBTS | o. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR BAD DEBTS The Company presents accounts receivables, net of allowances for doubtful accounts and returns, to ensure accounts receivable are not overstated due to being uncollectible. Accounts receivables generated from credit sales have general credit terms of 90 days for Chinese aftermarket customers. The allowances are calculated based on a detailed review of certain individual customer accounts, historical rates and an estimation of the overall economic conditions affecting the Company’s customer base. The Company reviews a customer’s credit history before extending credit. If the financial condition of its customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. The Company will write off the uncollectible receivables once any customers are bankrupt or there is a remote possibility that the Company will collect the outstanding balance. The write-off must be reported to the local tax authorities and the Company must receive official approval from them. To date, the Company has not written off any account receivables. |
NOTES RECEIVABLE | p. NOTES RECEIVABLE Notes receivable generally due within six months are issued by some customers to pay certain outstanding receivable balances to the Company with specific payment terms and definitive due dates. Notes receivable do not bear interest. As of December 31, 2015, notes receivables in the amount of $ 13,647,583 538,517 726,096 |
REVENUE RECOGNITION | q. REVENUE RECOGNITION Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized when the risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have transferred to the buyer including factors such as when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exits, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed and determinable, and collection is probable. Revenue consists of the invoice value for the sale of goods and services net of value-added tax (“VAT”), rebates and discounts and returns. The Company nets sales return in gross revenue, i.e., the revenue shown in the income statement is the net sales. |
INCOME TAXES | r. INCOME TAXES The Company accounts for income taxes under the provision of FASB ASC 740-10, Income Taxes |
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION | s. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION The Company maintains its books and accounting records in RMB, the currency of the PRC, The Company’s functional currency is also RMB. The Company has adopted FASB ASC 830-30 in translating financial statement amounts from RMB to the Company’s reporting currency, U.S. dollars (“US$”). All assets and liabilities are translated at the current rate. The stockholders’ equity accounts are translated at appropriate historical rate. Revenue and expenses are translated at the weighted average rates in effect on the transaction dates. Translation adjustments resulting from this process are included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the statement of stockholders’ equity. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are include in the results of operations as incurred. |
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | t. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Stock-based compensation expense is recognized based on grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with an authoritative pronouncement. The Company recognizes the compensation costs net of a forfeiture rate on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award with a corresponding impact reflected in additional paid-in capital. The estimate of forfeitures will be adjusted over the requisite service period to the extent that actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ, from such estimates. Changes in estimated forfeitures will be recognized through a cumulative catch-up adjustment in the period of change and will also impact the amount of stock compensation expense to be recognized in future periods. |
EMPLOYEES’ BENEFITS | u. EMPLOYEES’ BENEFITS Mandatory contributions are made to Government’s health, retirement benefit and unemployment schemes at the statutory rates in force during the period, based on gross salary payments. The cost of these payments is charged to the statement of income in the same period as the related salary costs. |
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES | v. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES Research and development costs are classified as general and administrative expenses and are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses were $ 7,358,563 7,601,342 |
SHIPPING AND HANDLING COSTS | w. SHIPPING AND HANDLING COSTS Shipping and handling cost are classified as selling expenses and are expensed as incurred. Shipping and handling costs were $ 4,428,406 5,610,737 |
ADVERTISING COSTS | x. ADVERTISING COSTS Advertising costs are classified as selling expenses and are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were $ 285,844 339,551 |
WARRANTY CLAIMS | y. WARRANTY CLAIMS The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties when the products are sold. Such estimates of product warranties were based on, among other things, historical experience, product changes, material expenses, and service and transportation expenses arising from the manufactured product. Estimates will be adjusted on the basis of actual claims and circumstances. Warranty claims were $ 2,047,684 2,374,861 |
PURCHASE DISCOUNTS | z. PURCHASE DISCOUNTS Purchase discounts represent discounts received from vendors for purchasing raw materials and are netted in the cost of goods sold, if applicable. |
LEASE COMMITMENTS | aa. LEASE COMMITMENTS The Company has adopted FASB Accounting Standard Codification, or ASC 840, Lease the lease term is equal to 75% of the estimated economic life of the leased property or more |
COST OF SALES | ab. COST OF SALES Cost of sales consists primarily of materials costs, applicable local government levies, freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, employee compensation, depreciation and related costs, which are directly attributable to production. Write-down of inventories to lower of cost or market is also recorded in cost of sales, if any. |
GOVERNMENT GRANTS | ac. GOVERNMENT GRANTS Government grants include cash subsidies as well as other subsidies received from the PRC government by the Joint Venture. Such subsidies are generally provided as incentives from the local government to encourage the expansion of local business. Government grants are recognized when received and all the conditions specified in the grant have been met. Capital grants received in advance of the acquisition of equipment are recorded initially in other current liabilities and then offset against the cost of the related equipment upon acquisition. |
SEGMENT REPORTING | ad. SEGMENT REPORTING ASC Topic 280 requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company operated in two reportable business segments: (1) commercial vehicles brake systems (2) passenger vehicles brake systems. |
DISPOSAL OF SUBSIDIARY | ae. DISPOSAL OF SUBSIDIARY On December 15, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement to dispose of its entire 60 10 77 600 The Company determined that the disposal of SIH did not constitute a discontinued operation as it did not represent a strategic shift and the operation capacity of SIH was absorbed by the Joint Venture, the other subsidiary of the Company. |
RECENTLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STANDARDS | af. RECENTLY ISSUED FINANCIAL STANDARDS In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, “Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis”. In July 2015, The FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory”. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date”. In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments”. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-03, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350); Business Combinations (Topic 805); Consolidation (Topic 810); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effective Date and Transition Guidance” In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)” “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. |