Non-interest income was $3.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $4.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, a decrease of 1.9%. Most significantly impacting the comparative nine month periods was a $1.5 million decline in the loss on sales and calls of securities primarily due to the execution of a balance sheet and regulatory capital management strategy in 2022. The securities losses were partially offset by $1.2 million in gains from the termination of two derivatives contracts, recorded in other non-interest income in 2022, causing the $1.1 million decline in other non-interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Also impacting the comparative nine month periods were decreases of $219,000 in life insurance proceeds, $157,000 in fees derived from loan activity primarily due to a derivative credit adjustment of $104,000 recorded in the third quarter of 2022 for a participated loan relationship with a back-to-back swap arrangement, and $95,000 in customer service fees due to a decline in overdraft fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Non-interest expense was $15.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $14.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, an increase of 0.6%. Most significantly impacting non-interest expense in the comparative nine month periods was a $332,000 increase in data processing expense primarily due to a $238,000 breakage fee paid to Juniata’s current core service provider as Juniata plans to convert to a new core service provider in the first quarter of 2024, as well as a $227,000 increase in merger and acquisition expense as a result of the Path Valley branch acquisition in the second quarter of 2023. These increases were partially offset by a decline of $327,000 in low-income housing partnership amortization expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 versus the comparable 2022 period due to the completion of the 10-year amortization period in January 2023 for one of Juniata’s low-income housing partnership investments, as well as a $212,000 decrease in taxes, other than income, between the comparative nine month periods due to a decline in Pennsylvania Shares Tax expense and recording a $62,000 Pennsylvania Shares Tax refund in the 2023 period.
An income tax provision of $708,000 was recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to an income tax provision of $488,000 recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Juniata qualifies for a federal tax credit for investments in low-income housing partnerships. The tax credit decreased $392,000, or 58.0%, from $676,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $284,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to the completion of the amortization period for one of Juniata’s low-income housing partnership investments.
Financial Results for the Quarter
Annualized return on average assets for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was 0.85%, a decrease of 17.5%, compared to 1.03% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Annualized return on average equity for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was 19.15%, an increase of 7.0%, compared to 17.90% for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Net interest income was $5.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Average interest earning assets increased $36.8 million, or 4.6%, to $841.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to an increase of $53.4 million, or 11.7%, in average loans, partially offset by a decline of $15.4 million, or 4.5%, in average investment securities. Average interest bearing liabilities increased by $32.3 million, or 5.7%, compared to the comparable 2022 period, primarily due to growth in average time deposits and short-term borrowings. The yields on average loans and investment securities increased by 81 basis points and 12 basis points, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 while the rates on average time deposits and short-term borrowings and other interest bearing liabilities increased by 209 basis points and 231 basis points, respectively, over the same period, primarily due to the 225 basis point increase in market interest rates between periods. The yield on earning assets increased 63 basis points, to 4.02%, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to same period in 2022, while the cost to fund interest earning assets with interest bearing liabilities increased 126 basis points, to 1.87%. The net interest margin, on a fully tax equivalent basis, decreased from 2.99% during the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 2.71% during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Juniata recorded a credit loss expense of $121,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to a provision expense of $100,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. While Juniata continued to experience favorable asset quality trends, elevated qualitative risk factors including political uncertainty, national delinquency trends and the effects of the increasing interest rate environment, in addition to loan growth, were considered, resulting in a greater credit loss expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the provision expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Non-interest income was $1.3 million for both of the three month periods ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022. Most significantly impacting non-interest income in the comparative three month periods was a $378,000 decrease in the loss on sales and calls of securities recorded as no securities losses were recorded in the 2023 period. Also impacting the comparative three month periods were decreases of $329,000 in life insurance proceeds and $96,000 in fees derived from loan activity for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.