Business Description and Accounting Policies [Text Block] | NOTE 1 – BUSINESS DESCRIPTION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of Business Nuvera is a diversified communications company headquartered in New Ulm, Minnesota with more than 116 years of experience in the communications business. Our principal line of business is the operation of seven communications companies. Our businesses consist of connecting customers to our state-of-the-art, advanced fiber communications network, providing managed services, switched service and dedicated private lines, connecting customers to long distance service providers and providing many other services associated with our company. We also provide IPTV, CATV, Internet access services, including high-speed broadband access, and long distance service. We also install and maintain communications systems to the areas in and around our service territories in southern Minnesota and northern Iowa. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation Our accounting policies conform with GAAP and rules and regulations of the SEC and, where applicable, conform to the accounting principles as prescribed by federal and state telephone utility regulatory authorities. We presently give accounting recognition to the actions of regulators where appropriate in preparing general purpose financial statements for most public utilities. In general, the type of regulation covered by this statement permits rates (prices) for some services to be set at levels intended to recover the estimated costs of providing regulated services or products, including the cost of capital (interest costs and a provision for earnings on stockholders’ investments). Our consolidated financial statements report the financial condition and results of operations for Nuvera and its subsidiaries in one business segment: the Communications Segment. Inter-company transactions have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements. Classification of Costs and Expenses Cost of services includes all costs related to delivery of communication services and products. These operating costs include all costs of performing services and providing related products including engineering, network monitoring and transportation costs. Selling, general and administrative expenses include direct and indirect selling expenses, customer service, billing and collections, advertising and all other general and administrative costs associated with our operations. Use of Estimates The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make estimates and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and judgements used in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are based on our management’s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the financial statements. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions. Revenue Recognition See Note 2 – “Revenue Recognition” for a discussion of our revenue recognition policies. Receivables As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, our consolidated receivables totaled $2,426,009 and $1,885,196, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. We believe our receivables as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are recorded at their fair value. As there may be exposure or risk with receivables, we routinely monitor our receivables and adjust the allowance for doubtful accounts when events occur that may potentially affect the collection of our receivables. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. In making the determination of the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts, we consider specific accounts, historical write-offs, changes in customer relationships, credit worthiness and concentrations of credit risk. Specific accounts receivable are written off once a determination is made that the account is uncollectible. Additional allowances may be required if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments. The activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts includes the following: Year Ended December 31 2021 2020 Balance at beginning of year $ 160,000 $ 120,000 Additions charged to costs and expenses 155,763 185,251 Accounts written off, net of recoveries (235,763) (145,251) Balance at end of year $ 80,000 $ 160,000 Inventories Inventory includes parts, materials and supplies stored in our warehouses to support basic levels of service and maintenance as well as scheduled capital projects and equipment awaiting configuration for customers. Inventory also includes (i) parts and equipment shipped directly from vendors to customer locations while in transit and (ii) parts and equipment returned from customers that are being returned to vendors for credit. Our inventory value as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $5,357,380 and $2,965,960. We value inventory using the lower of cost or net realizable value. Similar to our allowance for doubtful accounts, we make estimates related to the valuation of inventory. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had no inventory reserve. We adjust our inventory carrying value for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory to the net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. As market and other conditions change, we may establish additional inventory reserves at a time when the facts that give rise to a lower value are warranted. We use the first-in, first-out method of inventory costing for our non-retail inventory. We use the average cost method of inventory costing for our retail inventory. Property, Plant and Equipment We record impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and circumstances indicate the assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amounts of those assets. In assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets, we compare the carrying value to the undiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If the total of the undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, we would write down those assets based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined by calculating the discounted future cash flows expected from those assets. Changes in these estimates could have a material adverse effect on the assessment of long-lived assets, thereby requiring a write-down of the assets. Write-downs of long-lived assets are recorded as impairment charges and are a component of operating expenses. We have reviewed our long-lived assets and concluded that no impairment charge on our long-lived assets is necessary. Property, plant and equipment additions are recorded net of any Broadband grants received. We use the group life method (mass asset accounting) to depreciate the assets of our communications companies. Communications plant acquired in a given year is grouped into similar categories and depreciated over the remaining estimated useful life of the group. When an asset is retired, both the asset and the accumulated depreciation associated with that asset are removed from the books. Due to rapid changes in technology, selecting the estimated economic life of communications plant and equipment requires a significant amount of judgment. We periodically review data on expected utilization of new equipment, asset retirement activity and net salvage values to determine adjustments to our depreciation rates. We have not made any significant changes to the lives of these assets in the two year period ended December 31, 2021. Goodwill and Intangible Assets We amortize our definite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. Customer relationships are amortized over fourteen to fifteen years, regulatory rights are amortized over fifteen years and trade names are amortized over three to five years. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives. In accordance with GAAP, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually. See Note 5 – “Goodwill and Intangibles” for a more detailed discussion of the intangible assets and goodwill. Our goodwill balance was $49,903,029 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. In the fourth quarter of 2021 and 2020 we completed our annual impairment tests for existing acquired goodwill. This testing resulted in no impairment charges to goodwill at December 31, 2021 and 2020. Financial Derivative Instruments and Fair Value Measurements We have adopted the rules prescribed under GAAP for our financial assets and liabilities. GAAP includes a fair value hierarchy that is intended to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures. The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon its own market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels: Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Level 3: Inputs are derived from valuation techniques where one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable. We have used financial derivative instruments to manage our overall cash flow exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. We accounted for derivative instruments in accordance with GAAP that requires derivative instruments to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in fair value of derivative instruments must be recognized in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met, in which case, the gains and losses are included in other comprehensive income rather than in earnings. We have entered into IRSAs with our lender, CoBank to manage our cash flow exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These instruments are designated as cash flow hedges and are effective at mitigating the risk of fluctuations on interest rates in the marketplace. Any gains or losses related to changes in the fair value of these derivatives are accounted for as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for as long as the hedge remains effective. The fair value of our IRSAs is discussed in Note 7 – “Interest Rate Swaps”. The fair value of our swap agreement was determined based on Level 2 inputs. Other Financial Instruments Other Investments - We conducted an evaluation of our investments in all of our investees in connection with the preparation of our audited financial statements at December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, we believe the carrying value of our investments is not impaired. Debt – We estimate the fair value of our long-term debt based on the discounted future cash flows we expect to pay using current rates of borrowing for similar types of debt. Fair value of the debt approximates carrying value. Other Financial Instruments - Investments and Other Assets We are a co-investor with other communication companies in several partnerships and limited liability companies. These joint ventures make it possible to offer services to customers, including digital video services and fiber transport services that we would have difficulty offering on our own. These joint ventures also make it possible to invest in new technologies with a lower level of financial risk. We use the equity method of accounting for these investments that reflects original cost and recognition of our share of the net income or losses from the respective operations. See Note 16 – “Segment Information” for a listing of our investments. Investments in other companies that are not intended for resale and are not accounted for on the equity method of accounting are valued at fair value where there are readily determinable fair values. Investments in other companies that are not intended for resale and are not accounted for on the equity method of accounting are valued at cost where there are no readily determinable fair values. See Note 12 – “Other Investments” for additional information regarding our investments. Advertising Expense Advertising is expensed as incurred. Advertising expense charged to operations was $314,957 and $515,976 in 2021 and 2020. Interest During Construction We include an average cost of debt for the construction of plant in our communications plant accounts. Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with GAAP, which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities arise from the difference between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the financial statements and operating and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as income tax expense. Income tax expense or benefit is the tax payable or refundable, respectively, for the period plus or minus the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period. GAAP requires us to recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more-likely-than-not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. See Note 8 – “Income Taxes” for additional information regarding income taxes. Collection of Taxes from Customers Sales, excise and other taxes are imposed on most of our sales to nonexempt customers. We collect these taxes from our customers and remit the entire amounts to governmental authorities. Our accounting policies dictate that we exclude these taxes collected and remitted from our revenues and expenses. Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash investments and receivables. We deposit our cash investments in high credit quality financial institutions accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in these accounts and do not believe we are exposed to any significant credit risk. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade receivables are limited due to our large number of customers. Earnings and Dividends Per Share Basic and diluted net income per share are calculated as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2020 Basic Diluted Basic Diluted Net Income $ 12,251,921 $ 12,251,921 $ 9,835,812 $ 9,835,812 Weighted-average common 5,207,759 5,217,722 5,194,006 5,199,696 Net income per share $ 2.35 $ 2.35 $ 1.89 $ 1.89 The weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted, are calculated as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2020 Basic Diluted Basic Diluted Weighted-average common 5,207,759 5,207,759 5,194,006 5,194,006 Potentially Dilutive RSU's - 9,963 - 5,690 Weighted-average common 5,207,759 5,217,722 5,194,006 5,199,696 Nuvera’s BOD reviews quarterly dividend declarations based on our anticipated earnings, capital requirements and our operating and financial conditions. Recent Accounting Developments In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2101-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” ASU 2021-01 clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 are both elective and are effective upon issuance through December 31, 2022. The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” ASU 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating the second step of the goodwill impairment test. The second step measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Under ASU 2017-04, a company will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. ASU 2017-04 will be applied prospectively and is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in the fiscal years beginning January 1, 2021. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 on January 1, 2021, and the adoption of the standard did not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows . In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 requires entities to use a new forward-looking, expected loss model to estimate credit losses. It also requires additional disclosures relating to the credit quality of trade and other receivables, including information relating to management’s estimate of credit allowances. The Company is required to adopt ASU 2016-13 for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption as of December 15, 2018, is permitted. Management is evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company’s financial statements (if any). We have reviewed all other significant newly issued accounting pronouncements and determined that they are either not applicable to our business or that no material effect is expected on our financial position and results of operations. |