LOAN CREDIT QUALITY AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | LOAN CREDIT QUALITY AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Management segments the Banks' loan portfolio to a level that enables risk and performance monitoring according to similar risk characteristics. Loans are segmented based on the underlying collateral characteristics. Categories include commercial, financial, and agricultural, real estate, consumer automobile, and other consumer installment loans. Real estate loans are further segmented into three categories: residential, commercial, and construction. The following table presents the related aging categories of loans, by segment, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019: 2020 (In Thousands) Current Past Due Past Due 90 Non-Accrual Total Commercial, financial, and agricultural $ 163,583 $ 247 $ 48 $ 865 $ 164,743 Real estate mortgage: Residential 580,292 6,386 983 2,060 589,721 Commercial 366,363 533 150 6,142 373,188 Construction 38,587 667 — 55 39,309 Consumer automobile loans 155,472 900 31 — 156,403 Other consumer installment loans 19,485 455 — — 19,940 1,323,782 $ 9,188 $ 1,212 $ 9,122 1,343,304 Net deferred loan fees and discounts 1,023 1,023 Allowance for loan losses (13,803) (13,803) Loans, net $ 1,311,002 $ 1,330,524 2019 (In Thousands) Current Past Due Past Due 90 Non-Accrual Total Commercial, financial, and agricultural $ 153,737 $ 249 $ 30 $ 2,197 $ 156,213 Real estate mortgage: Residential 615,580 4,881 1,529 1,266 623,256 Commercial 355,597 775 164 6,725 363,261 Construction 37,871 131 — 65 38,067 Consumer automobile loans 149,703 709 — 105 150,517 Other consumer installment loans 22,124 579 324 16 23,043 1,334,612 $ 7,324 $ 2,047 $ 10,374 1,354,357 Net deferred loan fees and discounts 1,187 1,187 Allowance for loan losses (11,894) (11,894) Loans, net $ 1,323,905 $ 1,343,650 The following table presents the interest income if interest had been recorded based on the original loan agreement terms and rate of interest for non-accrual loans and interest income recognized on a cash basis for non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018: Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 (In Thousands) Interest Income That Would Have Been Recorded Based on Interest Interest Income That Interest Interest Income That Interest Commercial, financial, and agricultural $ 29 $ — $ 166 $ 2 $ 289 $ 235 Real estate mortgage: Residential 21 28 158 33 123 88 Commercial 60 — 333 8 405 212 Construction 1 — 4 — 5 4 Consumer automobile loans — — 16 10 7 5 Other consumer installment loans — — 2 1 1 1 $ 111 $ 28 $ 679 $ 54 $ 830 $ 545 Impaired Loans Impaired loans are loans for which it is probable the Banks will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Banks individually evaluate such loans for impairment and do not aggregate loans by major risk classifications. The definition of “impaired loans” is not the same as the definition of “non-accrual loans,” although the two categories overlap. The Banks may choose to place a loan on non-accrual status due to payment delinquency or uncertain collectability, while not classifying the loan as impaired. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status and collateral value. The amount of impairment for these types of loans is determined by the difference between the present value of the expected cash flows related to the loan, using the original interest rate, and its recorded value, or as a practical expedient in the case of collateralized loans, the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the recorded amount of the loan. When foreclosure is probable, impairment is measured based on the fair value of the collateral. Management evaluates individual loans in all of the commercial segments for possible impairment if the loan is greater than $100,000 and if the loan is either on non-accrual status or has a risk rating of substandard or worse. Management may also elect to measure an individual loan for impairment if less than $100,000 on a case by case basis. Mortgage loans on one-to-four family properties and all consumer loans are large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans and are measured for impairment collectively with the exception of loans identified as troubled debt restructurings. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays, which are defined as 90 days or less, generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration all circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower including the length of the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Interest income for impaired loans is recorded consistent to the Banks' policy. The following table presents the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance, and related allowance of impaired loans by segment as of December 31, 2020 and 2019: 2020 (In Thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance With no related allowance recorded: Commercial, financial, and agricultural $ 865 $ 3,652 $ — Real estate mortgage: Residential 5,023 5,023 — Commercial 6,354 6,354 — Construction 124 124 — Consumer automobile loans — — — Other consumer installment loans — — — 12,366 15,153 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial, financial, and agricultural — — — Real estate mortgage: Residential 1,294 1,294 224 Commercial 3,023 3,023 811 Construction — — — Consumer automobile loans — — — Other consumer installment loans — — — 4,317 4,317 1,035 Total: Commercial, financial, and agricultural 865 3,652 — Real estate mortgage: Residential 6,317 6,317 224 Commercial 9,377 9,377 811 Construction 124 124 — Consumer automobile loans — — — Other consumer installment loans — — — $ 16,683 $ 19,470 $ 1,035 2019 (In Thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance With no related allowance recorded: Commercial, financial, and agricultural $ 2,285 $ 5,072 $ — Real estate mortgage: Residential 5,008 5,008 — Commercial 5,035 5,035 — Construction 65 65 — Consumer automobile loans — — — Other consumer installment loans — — — 12,393 15,180 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial, financial, and agricultural — — — Real estate mortgage: Residential 1,168 1,200 211 Commercial 3,540 3,590 1,104 Construction — — — Consumer automobile loans 130 130 62 Other consumer installment loans 16 16 16 4,854 4,936 1,393 Total: Commercial, financial, and agricultural 2,285 5,072 — Real estate mortgage: Residential 6,176 6,208 211 Commercial 8,575 8,625 1,104 Construction 65 65 — Consumer automobile loans 130 130 62 Other consumer installment loans 16 16 16 $ 17,247 $ 20,116 $ 1,393 The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans and related interest income recognized for December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018: 2020 (In Thousands) Average Interest Income Interest Income Commercial, financial, and agricultural $ 1,653 $ 34 $ — Real estate mortgage: Residential 5,692 234 15 Commercial 7,937 158 — Construction 72 1 4 Consumer automobile loans 89 — — Other consumer installment loans 3 1 — $ 15,446 $ 428 $ 19 2019 (In Thousands) Average Interest Income Interest Income Commercial, financial, and agricultural $ 4,673 $ 5 $ — Real estate mortgage: Residential 4,902 141 28 Commercial 9,757 117 3 Construction 71 — — Consumer automobile loans 62 — 4 Other consumer installment loans 12 — — $ 19,477 $ 263 $ 35 2018 (In Thousands) Average Interest Income Interest Income Commercial, financial, and agricultural $ 2,018 $ 71 $ 168 Real estate mortgage: Residential 3,962 134 87 Commercial 9,524 235 194 Construction 15 — 4 Consumer automobile loans 14 — 1 Other consumer installment loans 1 — 1 $ 15,534 $ 440 $ 455 At December 31, 2020, additional funds totaling $5,000 are committed to be advanced in connection with impaired loans. Modifications The loan portfolio also includes certain loans that have been modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR"), where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months. Loan modifications that are considered TDRs completed during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 (In Thousands, Except Number of Contracts) Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Commercial, financial, and agricultural 2 $ 1,028 $ 1,028 2 $ 1,221 $ 1,221 Real estate mortgage: Residential — — — 1 2,166 2,166 Commercial 3 1,263 1,263 2 2,842 2,842 Construction — — — — — — Other consumer installment loans — — — — — — Total 5 $ 2,291 $ 2,291 5 $ 6,229 $ 6,229 Of the five new troubled debt restructurings that were granted for the year ended December 31, 2020, four loans totaling $1,231,000 were granted payment concessions and one loan totaling $1,060,000 was granted a rate concession. Of the five new troubled debt restructurings that were granted for the year ended December 31, 2019, four loans totaling $4,062,000 were granted rate concessions and one loan totaling $2,167,000 was granted a payment concession. No loan modifications considered troubled debt restructurings made during the twelve months previous to December 31, 2020 defaulted. Loan modifications considered troubled debt restructurings made during the twelve months previous to December 31, 2019, that have defaulted during the corresponding twelve month period were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2019 (In Thousands, Except Number of Contracts) Number of Contracts Recorded Investment Commercial, financial, and agricultural 2 $ 1,218 Real estate mortgage: Residential — — Commercial 1 1,082 Total 3 $ 2,300 Internal Risk Ratings Management uses a ten point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first six categories are considered not criticized, and are aggregated as “Pass” rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The Special Mention category includes assets that are currently protected but are potentially weak, resulting in an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification. Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. All loans greater than 90 days past due are evaluated for Substandard classification. Loans in the Doubtful category exhibit the same weaknesses found in the Substandard loans, however, the weaknesses are more pronounced. Such loans are static and collection in full is improbable. However, these loans are not yet rated as loss because certain events may occur which would salvage the debt. Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and charge-off is imminent. To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay a loan as agreed, the Banks have a structured loan rating process with several layers of internal and external oversight. Generally, consumer and residential mortgage loans are included in the pass category unless a specific action, such as bankruptcy, repossession, or death occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit event. An external semi-annual loan review of large commercial relationships is performed, as well as a sample of smaller transactions. The 2020 loan review has an aggregate commercial relationship threshold of $1,750,000 which can consist of outstanding loans, commercial real estate mortgages and outstanding commitments. Detailed reviews, including plans for resolution, are performed on loans classified as substandard, doubtful, or loss on a quarterly basis. The following table presents the credit quality categories identified above as of December 31, 2020 and 2019: 2020 Commercial, Finance, and Agricultural Real Estate Mortgages Consumer automobile Other consumer installment (In Thousands) Residential Commercial Construction Totals Pass $ 162,694 $ 584,599 $ 355,616 $ 39,192 $ 156,403 $ 19,938 $ 1,318,442 Special Mention 180 556 7,973 — — — 8,709 Substandard 1,869 4,566 9,599 117 — 2 16,153 Total $ 164,743 $ 589,721 $ 373,188 $ 39,309 $ 156,403 $ 19,940 $ 1,343,304 2019 Commercial, Finance, and Agricultural Real Estate Mortgages Consumer automobile Other consumer installment (In Thousands) Residential Commercial Construction Totals Pass $ 149,349 $ 618,350 $ 348,864 $ 37,931 $ 150,517 $ 23,039 $ 1,328,050 Special Mention 3,174 2,436 5,080 — — — 10,690 Substandard 3,690 2,470 9,317 136 — 4 15,617 Total $ 156,213 $ 623,256 $ 363,261 $ 38,067 $ 150,517 $ 23,043 $ 1,354,357 Allowance for Loan Losses An allowance for loan losses (“ALL”) is maintained to absorb losses from the loan portfolio. The ALL is based on management’s continuing evaluation of the risk characteristics and credit quality of the loan portfolio, assessment of current economic conditions, diversification and size of the portfolio, adequacy of collateral, past and anticipated future loss experience, and the amount of non-performing loans. The Banks' methodology for determining the ALL is based on the requirements of ASC Section 310-10-35 for loans individually evaluated for impairment (previously discussed) and ASC Subtopic 450-20 for loans collectively evaluated for impairment, as well as the Interagency Policy Statements on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and other bank regulatory guidance. The total of the two components represents the Banks' ALL. Loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment are analyzed with general allowances being made as appropriate. Allowances are segmented based on collateral characteristics previously disclosed, and consistent with credit quality monitoring. Loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment are grouped into two classes for evaluation. A general allowance is determined for “Pass” rated credits, while a separate pool allowance is provided for “Criticized” rated credits that are not individually evaluated for impairment. For the general allowances historical loss trends are used in the estimation of losses in the current portfolio. These historical loss amounts are modified by other qualitative factors. A historical charge-off factor is calculated utilizing a twelve quarter moving average. However, management may adjust the moving average time frame by up to four quarters to adjust for variances in the economic cycle. Management has identified a number of additional qualitative factors which it uses to supplement the historical charge-off factor because these factors are likely to cause estimated credit losses associated with the existing loan pools to differ from historical loss experience. The additional factors that are evaluated quarterly and updated using information obtained from internal, regulatory, and governmental sources are: levels of and trends in delinquency rates and non-accrual loans; trends in volumes and terms of loans; effects of changes in lending policies; experience, ability, and depth of lending staff; national and economic trends and conditions; concentrations of credit from a loan type, industry, and/or geographic standpoint; value of underlying collateral on collateral depended loans; effect of other external factors; and the quality of the loan review system. During 2020, certain qualitative factors were increased to account for the economic changes, continued economic uncertainty, and level of loan payment deferrals caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Loans in the criticized pools, which possess certain qualities or characteristics that may lead to collection and loss issues, are closely monitored by management and subject to additional qualitative factors. Management also monitors industry loss factors by loan segment for applicable adjustments to actual loss experience. Management reviews the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis in order to make appropriate and timely adjustments to the ALL. When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these amounts are promptly charged off against the ALL. Over the last three years, various quantitative and qualitative factors indicate changes in our provision for loan losses. The provision for commercial and agricultural loans decreased during 2020 due to levels and trends of nonaccrual loans in our portfolio and a decline in charge-offs. The change in the provision for residential real estate loans vary based on our observations of industry trends during 2020 in national and market area foreclosure rates and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The provision for this loan type is adjusted by national indices as well as our historical losses. The provision for commercial and construction real estate loans increased as the economic environment has softened as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is felt within the markets we serve. The provision for consumer automobiles decreased slightly due to the leveling off of indirect loan volume. The provision for other consumer installment loans has decreased as the level of charge-offs has declined. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in various businesses operating at less than 100% capacity, an increase in the unemployment rate, and an increase in the number of loans that have been granted payment deferrals. In response to the uncertainty in both the business and consumer sectors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and as well as the level of precision in estimating the effects of a pandemic, a higher than normal unallocated reserve is considered necessary. Activity in the allowance is presented for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018: 2020 Commercial, Finance, and Agricultural Real Estate Mortgages Consumer automobile Other consumer installment (In Thousands) Residential Commercial Construction Unallocated Totals Beginning Balance $ 1,779 $ 4,306 $ 3,210 $ 118 $ 1,780 $ 278 $ 423 $ 11,894 Charge-offs (64) (254) (64) — (396) (193) — (971) Recoveries 36 49 — 11 75 84 — 255 Provision 185 359 489 5 447 92 1,048 2,625 Ending Balance $ 1,936 $ 4,460 $ 3,635 $ 134 $ 1,906 $ 261 $ 1,471 $ 13,803 2019 Commercial, Finance, and Agricultural Real Estate Mortgages Consumer automobile Other consumer installment (In Thousands) Residential Commercial Construction Unallocated Totals Beginning Balance $ 1,680 $ 5,616 $ 4,047 $ 143 $ 1,328 $ 259 $ 764 $ 13,837 Charge-offs (2,903) (347) (150) — (329) (1,228) — (4,957) Recoveries 90 6 1 10 79 93 — 279 Provision 2,912 (969) (688) (35) 702 1,154 (341) 2,735 Ending Balance $ 1,779 $ 4,306 $ 3,210 $ 118 $ 1,780 $ 278 $ 423 $ 11,894 2018 Commercial, Finance, and Agricultural Real Estate Mortgages Consumer automobile Other consumer installment (In Thousands) Residential Commercial Construction Unallocated Totals Beginning Balance $ 1,177 $ 5,679 $ 4,277 $ 155 $ 804 $ 271 $ 495 $ 12,858 Charge-offs (82) (276) (56) — (246) (303) — (963) Recoveries 36 74 — 7 16 74 — 207 Provision 549 139 (174) (19) 754 217 269 1,735 Ending Balance $ 1,680 $ 5,616 $ 4,047 $ 143 $ 1,328 $ 259 $ 764 $ 13,837 The Corporation grants commercial, industrial, residential, and installment loans to customers throughout north-central and north-eastern Pennsylvania. Although the Corporation has a diversified loan portfolio at December 31, 2020 and 2019, a substantial portion of its debtors’ ability to honor their contracts is dependent on the economic conditions within this region. The amount of foreclosed residential real estate held at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, totaled $614,000 and $493,000, respectively. Consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, totaled $51,000 and $32,000, respectively. The Corporation has a concentration of loans at December 31, 2020 and 2019 as follows: 2020 2019 Owners of residential rental properties 16.57 % 15.87 % Owners of commercial rental properties 13.57 % 12.39 % Modifications to date have included 1,336 loans with principal balances of $173,200,000; however, as of December 31, 2020, only 37 loans totaling $7,089,000 remained in deferment. The Company has processed over 226 loan applications with a value of $14,211,000 in loans under the Payroll Protection Program of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act). These loans are guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (SBA), carry an interest rate of 1 percent, and are for a term of two years if not forgiven under the SBA rules. The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2020 and 2019: 2020 Commercial, Finance, and Agricultural Real Estate Mortgages Consumer automobile Other consumer installment Unallocated Totals (In Thousands) Residential Commercial Construction Allowance for Loan Losses: Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 224 $ 811 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,035 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,936 4,236 2,824 134 1,906 261 1,471 12,768 Total ending allowance balance $ 1,936 $ 4,460 $ 3,635 $ 134 $ 1,906 $ 261 $ 1,471 $ 13,803 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 865 $ 6,317 $ 9,377 $ 124 $ — $ — $ 16,683 Collectively evaluated for impairment 163,878 583,404 363,811 39,185 156,403 19,940 1,326,621 Total ending loans balance $ 164,743 $ 589,721 $ 373,188 $ 39,309 $ 156,403 $ 19,940 $ 1,343,304 2019 Commercial, Finance, and Agricultural Real Estate Mortgages Consumer automobile Other consumer installment Unallocated Totals (In Thousands) Residential Commercial Construction Allowance for Loan Losses: Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 211 $ 1,104 $ — $ 62 $ 16 $ — $ 1,393 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,779 4,095 2,106 118 1,718 262 423 10,501 Total ending allowance balance $ 1,779 $ 4,306 $ 3,210 $ 118 $ 1,780 $ 278 $ 423 $ 11,894 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,285 $ 6,176 $ 8,575 $ 65 $ 130 $ 16 $ 17,247 Collectively evaluated for impairment 153,928 617,080 354,686 38,002 150,387 23,027 1,337,110 Total ending loans balance $ 156,213 $ 623,256 $ 363,261 $ 38,067 $ 150,517 $ 23,043 $ 1,354,357 |