Note 5. Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality | The composition of net loans as of the balance sheet dates was as follows: March 31, December 31, March 31, 2016 2015 2015 Commercial & industrial $ 63,540,340 $ 65,191,124 $ 67,447,337 Commercial real estate 178,205,320 178,206,542 171,453,104 Residential real estate - 1st lien 162,594,375 162,760,273 161,594,311 Residential real estate - Jr lien 43,917,725 44,720,266 44,678,956 Consumer 6,790,425 7,241,224 7,399,886 455,048,185 458,119,429 452,573,594 Deduct (add): Allowance for loan losses 5,109,488 5,011,878 5,003,049 Deferred net loan costs (315,050 ) (316,491 ) (303,949 ) 4,794,438 4,695,387 4,699,100 Net Loans $ 450,253,747 $ 453,424,042 $ 447,874,494 The following is an age analysis of past due loans (including non-accrual), by portfolio segment: 90 Days or 90 Days Total Non-Accrual More March 31, 2016 30-89 Days or More Past Due Current Total Loans Loans and Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 37,333 $ 204,354 $ 241,687 $ 63,298,653 $ 63,540,340 $ 256,456 $ 0 Commercial real estate 3,825,884 428,545 4,254,429 173,950,891 178,205,320 966,071 19,810 Residential real estate - 1st lien 3,950,062 991,614 4,941,676 157,652,699 162,594,375 1,467,171 764,031 - Jr lien 228,117 122,183 350,300 43,567,425 43,917,725 377,911 122,183 Consumer 152,546 0 152,546 6,637,879 6,790,425 0 0 Total $ 8,193,942 $ 1,746,696 $ 9,940,638 $ 445,107,547 $ 455,048,185 $ 3,067,609 $ 906,024 90 Days or 90 Days Total Non-Accrual More December 31, 2015 30-89 Days or More Past Due Current Total Loans Loans and Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 224,997 $ 168,244 $ 393,241 $ 64,797,883 $ 65,191,124 $ 441,103 $ 13,556 Commercial real estate 888,994 560,439 1,449,433 176,757,109 178,206,542 2,400,757 45,356 Residential real estate - 1st lien 2,875,768 1,408,551 4,284,319 158,475,954 162,760,273 2,009,079 801,241 - Jr lien 521,373 63,031 584,404 44,135,862 44,720,266 386,132 63,031 Consumer 83,343 0 83,343 7,157,881 7,241,224 0 0 Total $ 4,594,475 $ 2,200,265 $ 6,794,740 $ 451,324,689 $ 458,119,429 $ 5,237,071 $ 923,184 90 Days or 90 Days Total Non-Accrual More March 31, 2015 30-89 Days or More Past Due Current Total Loans Loans and Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 368,737 $ 385,212 $ 753,949 $ 66,693,388 $ 67,447,337 $ 945,226 $ 0 Commercial real estate 840,817 5,313 846,130 170,606,974 171,453,104 2,174,472 5,313 Residential real estate - 1st lien 4,663,341 681,381 5,344,722 156,249,589 161,594,311 1,420,371 316,165 - Jr lien 420,073 13,375 433,448 44,245,508 44,678,956 382,451 13,375 Consumer 72,479 7,580 80,059 7,319,827 7,399,886 0 7,580 Total $ 6,365,447 $ 1,092,861 $ 7,458,308 $ 445,115,286 $ 452,573,594 $ 4,922,520 $ 342,433 For all loan segments, loans over 30 days past due are considered delinquent. As of March 31, 2016, there were five residential mortgage loans in process of foreclosure totaling $230,171, compared to five residential mortgage loans totaling $400,905 as of December 31, 2015, and four residential mortgages loans totaling $416,901 as of March 31, 2015. Allowance for loan losses The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is probable. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Unsecured loans, primarily consumer loans, are charged off when they become uncollectible and no later than 120 days past due. Unsecured loans to customers who subsequently file bankruptcy are charged off within 30 days of receipt of the notification of filing or by the end of the month in which the loans become 120 days past due, whichever occurs first. For secured loans, both residential and commercial, the potential loss on impaired loans is carried as a loan loss reserve specific allocation; the loss portion is charged off when collection of the full loan appears unlikely. The unsecured portion of a real estate loan is that portion of the loan exceeding the "fair value" of the collateral less the estimated cost to sell. Value of the collateral is determined in accordance with the Companys appraisal policy. The unsecured portion of an impaired real estate secured loan is charged off by the end of the month in which the loan becomes 180 days past due. As described below, the allowance consists of general, specific and unallocated components. However, the entire allowance is available to absorb losses in the loan portfolio, regardless of specific, general and unallocated components considered in determining the amount of the allowance. General component The general component of the allowance for loan losses is based on historical loss experience, adjusted for qualitative factors and stratified by the following loan segments: commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, residential real estate first (1st) lien, residential real estate junior (Jr) lien and consumer loans. The Company does not disaggregate its portfolio segments further into classes. Loss ratios are calculated by loan segment for one year, two year, three year, four year and five year look back periods. The highest loss ratio among these look-back periods is then applied against the respective segment. Management uses an average of historical losses based on a time frame appropriate to capture relevant loss data for each loan segment. This historical loss factor is adjusted for the following qualitative factors: levels of and trends in delinquencies and non-performing loans, levels of and trends in loan risk groups, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of any changes in loan related policies, experience, ability and the depth of management, documentation and credit data exception levels, national and local economic trends, external factors such as competition and regulation and lastly, concentrations of credit risk in a variety of areas, including portfolio product mix, the level of loans to individual borrowers and their related interests, loans to industry segments, and the geographic distribution of commercial real estate loans. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to revision as more information becomes available. The qualitative factors are determined based on the various risk characteristics of each loan segment. The Company has policies, procedures and internal controls that management believes are commensurate with the risk profile of each of these segments. Major risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: Commercial & Industrial Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate - 1st Lien Residential Real Estate Jr Lien Consumer Specific component The specific component of the allowance for loan losses relates to loans that are impaired. Impaired loans are loan(s) to a borrower that in the aggregate are greater than $100,000 and that are in non-accrual status or are troubled debt restructurings (TDR) regardless of amount. A specific allowance is established for an impaired loan when its estimated impaired basis is less than the carrying value of the loan. For all loan segments, except consumer loans, a loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, in managements estimation it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant or temporary payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management evaluates the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length and frequency of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrowers prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis, by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loans effective interest rate, the loans obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Impaired loans also include troubled loans that are restructured. A TDR occurs when the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrowers financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that would otherwise not be granted. TDRs may include the transfer of assets to the Company in partial satisfaction of a troubled loan, a modification of a loans terms, or a combination of the two. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer loans for impairment evaluation, unless such loans are subject to a restructuring agreement. Unallocated component An unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect managements estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component reflects managements estimate of the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. While unallocated reserves have increased year over year, they are considered by management to be appropriate in light of the Companys continued growth strategy and shift in the portfolio from residential loans to commercial and commercial real estate loans and the risk associated with the relatively new, unseasoned loans in those portfolios. The tables below summarize changes in the allowance for loan losses and select loan information, by portfolio segment, for the periods indicated. The amounts shown below as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and for the respective three and twelve month periods then ended reflect certain changes to the Companys reserve methodology adopted during the second quarter of 2015, which were described in the Companys 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2016 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 712,902 $ 2,152,678 $ 1,368,028 $ 422,822 $ 75,689 $ 279,759 $ 5,011,878 Charge-offs (10,836 ) 0 (312 ) 0 (16,675 ) 0 (27,823 ) Recoveries 19,295 0 312 60 5,766 0 25,433 Provision (credit) 9,014 142,625 (29,101 ) 143 (6,324 ) (16,357 ) 100,000 Ending balance $ 730,375 $ 2,295,303 $ 1,338,927 $ 423,025 $ 58,456 $ 263,402 $ 5,109,488 Allowance for loan losses Evaluated for impairment Individually $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 117,700 $ 0 $ 0 $ 117,700 Collectively 730,375 2,295,303 1,338,927 305,325 58,456 263,402 4,991,788 Total $ 730,375 $ 2,295,303 $ 1,338,927 $ 423,025 $ 58,456 $ 263,402 $ 5,109,488 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 204,354 $ 907,309 $ 717,673 $ 231,591 $ 0 $ 2,060,927 Collectively 63,335,986 177,298,011 161,876,702 43,686,134 6,790,425 452,987,258 Total $ 63,540,340 $ 178,205,320 $ 162,594,375 $ 43,917,725 $ 6,790,425 $ 455,048,185 As of or for the year ended December 31, 2015 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 646,719 $ 2,311,936 $ 1,270,766 $ 321,099 $ 118,819 $ 236,535 $ 4,905,874 Charge-offs (200,900 ) (14,783 ) (150,947 ) (66,104 ) (69,632 ) 0 (502,366 ) Recoveries 59,264 0 6,042 240 32,824 0 98,370 Provision (credit) 207,819 (144,475 ) 242,167 167,587 (6,322 ) 43,224 510,000 Ending balance $ 712,902 $ 2,152,678 $ 1,368,028 $ 422,822 $ 75,689 $ 279,759 $ 5,011,878 Allowance for loan losses Evaluated for impairment Individually $ 0 $ 0 $ 25,100 $ 114,600 $ 0 $ 0 $ 139,700 Collectively 712,902 2,152,678 1,342,928 308,222 75,689 279,759 4,872,178 Total $ 712,902 $ 2,152,678 $ 1,368,028 $ 422,822 $ 75,689 $ 279,759 $ 5,011,878 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 286,436 $ 2,551,748 $ 1,419,808 $ 234,004 $ 0 $ 4,491,996 Collectively 64,904,688 175,654,794 161,340,465 44,486,262 7,241,224 453,627,433 Total $ 65,191,124 $ 178,206,542 $ 162,760,273 $ 44,720,266 $ 7,241,224 $ 458,119,429 As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2015 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 646,719 $ 2,311,936 $ 1,270,766 $ 321,099 $ 118,819 $ 236,535 $ 4,905,874 Charge-offs (35,059 ) 0 (15,874 ) (20,199 ) (5,290 ) 0 (76,422 ) Recoveries 5,607 0 6,042 60 11,888 0 23,597 Provision (credit) 133,224 13,175 61,083 20,447 (39,333 ) (38,596 ) 150,000 Ending balance $ 750,491 $ 2,325,111 $ 1,322,017 $ 321,407 $ 86,084 $ 197,939 $ 5,003,049 Allowance for loan losses Evaluated for impairment Individually $ 70,200 $ 0 $ 59,100 $ 10,900 $ 0 $ 0 $ 140,200 Collectively 680,291 2,325,111 1,262,917 310,507 86,084 197,939 4,862,849 Total $ 750,491 $ 2,325,111 $ 1,322,017 $ 321,407 $ 86,084 $ 197,939 $ 5,003,049 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 702,732 $ 2,107,787 $ 820,565 $ 308,036 $ 0 $ 3,939,120 Collectively 66,744,605 169,345,317 160,773,746 44,370,920 7,399,886 448,634,474 Total $ 67,447,337 $ 171,453,104 $ 161,594,311 $ 44,678,956 $ 7,399,886 $ 452,573,594 Impaired loans, by portfolio segment, were as follows: As of March 31, 2016 Unpaid Average Recorded Principal Related Recorded Investment Balance Allowance Investment(1) With an allowance recorded Residential real estate - 1st lien $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 86,894 Residential real estate - Jr lien 231,591 284,287 117,700 232,798 231,591 284,287 117,700 319,692 With no related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 204,354 272,017 245,395 Commercial real estate 907,309 957,229 1,729,529 Residential real estate - 1st lien 717,673 803,505 981,847 1,829,336 2,032,751 2,956,771 Total $ 2,060,927 $ 2,317,038 $ 117,700 $ 3,276,463 (1) For the three months ended March 31, 2016 As of December 31, 2015 2015 Unpaid Average Recorded Principal Related Recorded Investment Balance Allowance Investment With an allowance recorded Commercial & industrial $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 37,359 Commercial real estate 0 0 0 40,902 Residential real estate - 1st lien 173,788 182,251 25,100 228,273 Residential real estate - Jr lien 234,004 284,227 114,600 155,207 407,792 466,478 139,700 461,741 With no related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 286,436 366,387 446,817 Commercial real estate 2,551,748 2,776,729 2,151,713 Residential real estate - 1st lien 1,246,020 1,460,402 973,572 Residential real estate - Jr lien 0 0 113,964 4,084,204 4,603,518 3,686,066 Total $ 4,491,996 $ 5,069,996 $ 139,700 $ 4,147,807 As of March 31, 2015 Unpaid Average Recorded Principal Related Recorded Investment Balance Allowance Investment(1) With an allowance recorded Commercial & industrial $ 94,855 $ 94,855 $ 70,200 $ 47,428 Commercial real estate 0 0 0 102,256 Residential real estate - 1st lien 355,885 383,523 59,100 235,497 Residential real estate - Jr lien 67,106 76,631 10,900 33,553 $ 517,846 $ 555,009 $ 140,200 $ 418,734 With no related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial $ 607,877 $ 657,443 $ 499,241 Commercial real estate 2,107,787 2,296,957 1,917,135 Residential real estate - 1st lien 464,680 531,386 535,407 Residential real estate - Jr lien 240,930 284,202 284,910 $ 3,421,274 $ 3,769,988 $ 3,236,693 Total $ 3,939,120 $ 4,324,997 $ 140,200 $ 3,655,427 (1) For the three months ended March 31, 2015 Interest income recognized on impaired loans was immaterial for all periods presented. For all loan segments, the accrual of interest is discontinued when a loan is specifically determined to be impaired or when the loan is delinquent 90 days and management believes, after considering collection efforts and other factors, that the borrower's financial condition is such that collection of interest is considered by management to be doubtful. Any unpaid interest previously accrued on those loans is reversed from income. Interest income is generally not recognized on specific impaired loans unless the likelihood of further loss is considered by management to be remote. Interest payments received on impaired loans are generally applied as a reduction of the loan principal balance. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are considered by management to be reasonably assured. As of the balance sheet dates, the Company was not contractually committed to lend additional funds to debtors with impaired, non-accrual or restructured loans. Credit Quality Grouping In developing the allowance for loan losses, management uses credit quality grouping to help evaluate trends in credit quality. The Company groups credit risk into Groups A, B and C. The manner the Company utilizes to assign risk grouping is driven by loan purpose. Commercial purpose loans are individually risk graded while the retail portion of the portfolio is generally grouped by delinquency pool. Group A loans - Acceptable Risk Group B loans Management Involved Group C loans Unacceptable Risk Commercial purpose loan ratings are assigned by the commercial account officer; for larger and more complex commercial loans, the credit rating is a collaborative assignment by the lender and the credit analyst. The credit risk rating is based on the borrower's expected performance, i.e., the likelihood that the borrower will be able to service its obligations in accordance with the loan terms. Credit risk ratings are meant to measure risk versus simply record history. Assessment of expected future payment performance requires consideration of numerous factors. While past performance is part of the overall evaluation, expected performance is based on an analysis of the borrower's financial strength, and historical and projected factors such as size and financing alternatives, capacity and cash flow, balance sheet and income statement trends, the quality and timeliness of financial reporting, and the quality of the borrowers management. Other factors influencing the credit risk rating to a lesser degree include collateral coverage and control, guarantor strength and commitment, documentation, structure and covenants and industry conditions. There are uncertainties inherent in this process. Credit risk ratings are dynamic and require updating whenever relevant information is received. The risk ratings of larger or more complex loans, and Group B and C rated loans, are assessed at the time of their respective annual reviews, during quarterly updates, in action plans or at any other time that relevant information warrants update. Lenders are required to make immediate disclosure to the Chief Credit Officer of any known increase in loan risk, even if considered temporary in nature. The risk ratings within the loan portfolio, by segment, as of the balance sheet dates were as follows: As of March 31, 2016 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Total Group A $ 58,289,285 $ 165,816,389 $ 159,255,456 $ 43,197,130 $ 6,790,425 $ 433,348,685 Group B 4,448,662 4,638,741 593,394 184,734 0 9,865,531 Group C 802,393 7,750,190 2,745,525 535,861 0 11,833,969 Total $ 63,540,340 $ 178,205,320 $ 162,594,375 $ 43,917,725 $ 6,790,425 $ 455,048,185 As of December 31, 2015 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Total Group A $ 59,764,081 $ 168,326,527 $ 158,834,849 $ 44,041,594 $ 7,241,224 $ 438,208,275 Group B 4,724,729 4,529,493 599,516 212,508 0 10,066,246 Group C 702,314 5,350,522 3,325,908 466,164 0 9,844,908 Total $ 65,191,124 $ 178,206,542 $ 162,760,273 $ 44,720,266 $ 7,241,224 $ 458,119,429 March 31, 2015 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Total Group A $ 63,693,155 $ 160,845,487 $ 158,579,882 $ 43,991,054 $ 7,392,306 $ 434,501,884 Group B 2,900,660 4,873,360 233,858 269,395 0 8,277,273 Group C 853,522 5,734,257 2,780,571 418,507 7,580 9,794,437 Total $ 67,447,337 $ 171,453,104 $ 161,594,311 $ 44,678,956 $ 7,399,886 $ 452,573,594 Modifications of Loans and TDRs A loan is classified as a TDR if, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrowers financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. The Company is deemed to have granted such a concession if it has modified a troubled loan in any of the following ways: ● Reduced accrued interest; ● Reduced the original contractual interest rate to a rate that is below the current market rate for the borrower; ● Converted a variable-rate loan to a fixed-rate loan; ● Extended the term of the loan beyond an insignificant delay; ● Deferred or forgiven principal in an amount greater than three months of payments; or ● Performed a refinancing and deferred or forgiven principal on the original loan. An insignificant delay or insignificant shortfall in the amount of payments typically would not require the loan to be accounted for as a TDR. However, pursuant to regulatory guidance, any payment delay longer than three months is generally not considered insignificant. Managements assessment of whether a concession has been granted also takes into account payments expected to be received from third parties, including third-party guarantors, provided that the third party has the ability to perform on the guarantee. The Companys TDRs are principally a result of extending loan repayment terms to relieve cash flow difficulties. The Company has only, on a limited basis, reduced interest rates for borrowers below the current market rate for the borrower. The Company has not forgiven principal or reduced accrued interest within the terms of original restructurings, nor has it converted variable rate terms to fixed rate terms. However, the Company evaluates each TDR situation on its own merits and does not foreclose the granting of any particular type of concession. New TDRs, by portfolio segment, during the periods presented were as follows: Three months ended March 31, 2016 Pre- Post- Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Residential real estate - 1st lien 5 $ 395,236 $ 412,923 Residential real estate - Jr lien 1 10,261 10,340 Total 6 $ 405,497 $ 423,263 Year ended December 31, 2015 Pre- Post- Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Commercial & industrial 2 $ 199,134 $ 204,142 Commercial real estate 3 581,431 616,438 Residential real estate - 1st lien 12 1,229,100 1,303,228 Residential real estate - Jr lien 2 117,746 121,672 Total 19 $ 2,127,411 $ 2,245,480 Three months ended March 31, 2015 Pre- Post- Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Residential real estate - 1st lien 5 $ 344,329 $ 360,905 Residential real estate - Jr lien 2 117,745 121,673 Total 7 $ 462,074 $ 482,578 The TDRs for which there was a payment default during the twelve month periods presented were as follows: Twelve months ended March 31, 2016 Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Commercial 1 $ 79,158 Commercial real estate 1 146,519 Residential real estate - 1st lien 1 59,838 Total 3 $ 285,515 Year ended December 31, 2015 Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Commercial real estate 1 $ 149,514 Residential real estate - 1st lien 4 286,803 Residential real estate - Jr lien 1 69,828 Total 6 $ 506,145 Twelve months ended March 31, 2015 Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Residential real estate - 1st lien 4 $ 306,874 TDRs are treated as other impaired loans and carry individual specific reserves with respect to the calculation of the allowance for loan losses. These loans are categorized as non-performing, may be past due, and are generally adversely risk rated. The TDRs that have defaulted under their restructured terms are generally in collection status and their reserve is typically calculated using the fair value of collateral method. At December 31, 2015, the specific allocation related to TDRs was approximately $25,100. There was no specific allowance related to TDRs at March 31, 2016 and 2015. As of the balance sheet dates, the Company was not contractually committed to lend additional funds to debtors with impaired, non-accrual or modified loans. |