Note 5. Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality | The composition of net loans as of the balance sheet dates was as follows: March 31, December 31, March 31, 2017 2016 2016 Commercial & industrial $ 69,064,985 $ 68,730,573 $ 63,540,340 Commercial real estate 205,140,487 201,728,280 178,205,320 Residential real estate - 1st lien 162,929,247 166,691,962 162,594,375 Residential real estate - Junior (Jr) lien 41,820,775 42,927,335 43,917,725 Consumer 6,766,751 7,171,076 6,790,425 Gross Loans 485,722,245 487,249,226 455,048,185 Deduct (add): Allowance for loan losses 5,258,440 5,278,445 5,109,488 Deferred net loan costs (321,285 ) (310,130 ) (315,050 ) Net Loans $ 480,785,090 $ 482,280,911 $ 450,253,747 The following is an age analysis of past due loans (including non-accrual) as of the balance sheet dates, by portfolio segment: 90 Days or 90 Days Total Non-Accrual More and March 31, 2017 30-89 Days or More Past Due Current Total Loans Loans Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 103,900 $ 0 $ 103,900 $ 68,961,085 $ 69,064,985 $ 135,379 $ 0 Commercial real estate 681,654 215,892 897,546 204,242,941 205,140,487 744,989 0 Residential real estate - 1st lien 4,289,551 1,246,520 5,536,071 157,393,176 162,929,247 1,148,848 668,569 - Jr lien 333,625 164,726 498,351 41,322,424 41,820,775 442,960 27,905 Consumer 84,321 1,903 86,224 6,680,527 6,766,751 0 1,903 $ 5,493,051 $ 1,629,041 $ 7,122,092 $ 478,600,153 $ 485,722,245 $ 2,472,176 $ 698,377 90 Days or 90 Days Total Non-Accrual More and December 31, 2016 30-89 Days or More Past Due Current Total Loans Loans Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 328,684 $ 26,042 $ 354,726 $ 68,375,847 $ 68,730,573 $ 143,128 $ 26,042 Commercial real estate 824,836 222,738 1,047,574 200,680,706 201,728,280 765,584 0 Residential real estate - 1st lien 4,881,496 1,723,688 6,605,184 160,086,778 166,691,962 1,227,220 1,068,083 - Jr lien 984,849 116,849 1,101,698 41,825,637 42,927,335 338,602 27,905 Consumer 53,972 2,176 56,148 7,114,928 7,171,076 0 2,176 $ 7,073,837 $ 2,091,493 $ 9,165,330 $ 478,083,896 $ 487,249,226 $ 2,474,534 $ 1,124,206 90 Days or 90 Days Total Non-Accrual More and March 31, 2016 30-89 Days or More Past Due Current Total Loans Loans Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 37,333 $ 204,354 $ 241,687 $ 63,298,653 $ 63,540,340 $ 256,456 $ 0 Commercial real estate 3,825,884 428,545 4,254,429 173,950,891 178,205,320 966,071 19,810 Residential real estate - 1st lien 3,950,062 991,614 4,941,676 157,652,699 162,594,375 1,467,171 764,031 - Jr lien 228,117 122,183 350,300 43,567,425 43,917,725 377,911 122,183 Consumer 152,546 0 152,546 6,637,879 6,790,425 0 0 Total $ 8,193,942 $ 1,746,696 $ 9,940,638 $ 445,107,547 $ 455,048,185 $ 3,067,609 $ 906,024 For all loan segments, loans over 30 days past due are considered delinquent. As of the balance sheet dates presented, residential mortgage loans in process of foreclosure consisted of the following: Number of loans Balance March 31, 2017 6 $ 330,548 December 31, 2016 8 322,663 March 31, 2016 5 230,171 Allowance for loan losses The ALL is established through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is probable. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Unsecured loans, primarily consumer loans, are charged off when they become uncollectible and no later than 120 days past due. Unsecured loans to customers who subsequently file bankruptcy are charged off within 30 days of receipt of the notification of filing or by the end of the month in which the loans become 120 days past due, whichever occurs first. For secured loans, both residential and commercial, the potential loss on impaired loans is carried as a loan loss reserve specific allocation; the loss portion is charged off when collection of the full loan appears unlikely. The unsecured portion of a real estate loan is that portion of the loan exceeding the "fair value" of the collateral less the estimated cost to sell. Value of the collateral is determined in accordance with the Company’s appraisal policy. The unsecured portion of an impaired real estate secured loan is charged off by the end of the month in which the loan becomes 180 days past due. As described below, the allowance consists of general, specific and unallocated components. However, the entire allowance is available to absorb losses in the loan portfolio, regardless of specific, general and unallocated components considered in determining the amount of the allowance. General component The general component of the ALL is based on historical loss experience, adjusted for qualitative factors and stratified by the following loan segments: commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, residential real estate first (1st) lien, residential real estate junior (Jr) lien and consumer loans. The Company does not disaggregate its portfolio segments further into classes. Loss ratios are calculated by loan segment for one year, two year, three year, four year and five year look back periods. The highest loss ratio among these look-back periods is then applied against the respective segment. Management uses an average of historical losses based on a time frame appropriate to capture relevant loss data for each loan segment. This historical loss factor is adjusted for the following qualitative factors: levels of and trends in delinquencies and non-performing loans, levels of and trends in loan risk groups, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of any changes in loan related policies, experience, ability and the depth of management, documentation and credit data exception levels, national and local economic trends, external factors such as competition and regulation and lastly, concentrations of credit risk in a variety of areas, including portfolio product mix, the level of loans to individual borrowers and their related interests, loans to industry segments, and the geographic distribution of commercial real estate loans. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to revision as more information becomes available. The qualitative factors are determined based on the various risk characteristics of each loan segment. The Company has policies, procedures and internal controls that management believes are commensurate with the risk profile of each of these segments. Major risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: Commercial & Industrial – Commercial Real Estate – Residential Real Estate - 1st Lien – Residential Real Estate – Jr Lien – Consumer – Specific component The specific component of the ALL relates to loans that are impaired. Impaired loans are loan(s) to a borrower that in the aggregate are greater than $100,000 and that are in non-accrual status or are troubled debt restructurings (TDR) regardless of amount. A specific allowance is established for an impaired loan when its estimated impaired basis is less than the carrying value of the loan. For all loan segments, except consumer loans, a loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, in management’s estimation it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant or temporary payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management evaluates the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length and frequency of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis, by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Impaired loans also include troubled loans that are restructured. A TDR occurs when the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that would otherwise not be granted. TDRs may include the transfer of assets to the Company in partial satisfaction of a troubled loan, a modification of a loan’s terms, or a combination of the two. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer loans for impairment evaluation, unless such loans are subject to a restructuring agreement. Unallocated component An unallocated component of the ALL is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component reflects management’s estimate of the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. The tables below summarize changes in the ALL and select loan information, by portfolio segment, for the periods indicated. As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2017 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 726,848 $ 2,496,085 $ 1,369,757 $ 371,176 $ 83,973 $ 230,606 $ 5,278,445 Charge-offs (21,024 ) (160,207 ) (4,735 ) 0 (5,441 ) 0 (191,407 ) Recoveries 7,141 0 6,236 60 7,965 0 21,402 Provision (credit) 6,808 185,243 (58,463 ) (782 ) (25,175 ) 42,369 150,000 Ending balance $ 719,773 $ 2,521,121 $ 1,312,795 $ 370,454 $ 61,322 $ 272,975 $ 5,258,440 Allowance for loan losses Evaluated for impairment Individually $ 0 $ 79,200 $ 3,900 $ 117,500 $ 0 $ 0 $ 200,600 Collectively 719,773 2,441,921 1,308,895 252,954 61,322 272,975 5,057,840 Total $ 719,773 $ 2,521,121 $ 1,312,795 $ 370,454 $ 61,322 $ 272,975 $ 5,258,440 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 48,385 $ 807,282 $ 466,328 $ 222,080 $ 0 $ 1,544,075 Collectively 69,016,600 204,333,205 162,462,919 41,598,695 6,766,751 484,178,170 Total $ 69,064,985 $ 205,140,487 $ 162,929,247 $ 41,820,775 $ 6,766,751 $ 485,722,245 As of or for the year ended December 31, 2016 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 712,902 $ 2,152,678 $ 1,368,028 $ 422,822 $ 75,689 $ 279,759 $ 5,011,878 Charge-offs (49,009 ) 0 (244,149 ) 0 (15,404 ) 0 (308,562 ) Recoveries 36,032 0 23,712 240 15,145 0 75,129 Provision (credit) 26,923 343,407 222,166 (51,886 ) 8,543 (49,153 ) 500,000 Ending balance $ 726,848 $ 2,496,085 $ 1,369,757 $ 371,176 $ 83,973 $ 230,606 $ 5,278,445 Allowance for loan losses Evaluated for impairment Individually $ 0 $ 86,400 $ 6,200 $ 114,800 $ 0 $ 0 $ 207,400 Collectively 726,848 2,409,685 1,363,557 256,376 83,973 230,606 5,071,045 Total $ 726,848 $ 2,496,085 $ 1,369,757 $ 371,176 $ 83,973 $ 230,606 $ 5,278,445 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 48,385 $ 687,495 $ 946,809 $ 224,053 $ 0 $ 1,906,742 Collectively 68,682,188 201,040,785 165,745,153 42,703,282 7,171,076 485,342,484 Total $ 68,730,573 $ 201,728,280 $ 166,691,962 $ 42,927,335 $ 7,171,076 $ 487,249,226 As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2016 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 712,902 $ 2,152,678 $ 1,368,028 $ 422,822 $ 75,689 $ 279,759 $ 5,011,878 Charge-offs (10,836 ) 0 (312 ) 0 (16,675 ) 0 (27,823 ) Recoveries 19,295 0 312 60 5,766 0 25,433 Provision (credit) 9,014 142,625 (29,101 ) 143 (6,324 ) (16,357 ) 100,000 Ending balance $ 730,375 $ 2,295,303 $ 1,338,927 $ 423,025 $ 58,456 $ 263,402 $ 5,109,488 Allowance for loan losses Evaluated for impairment Individually $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 117,700 $ 0 $ 0 $ 117,700 Collectively 730,375 2,295,303 1,338,927 305,325 58,456 263,402 4,991,788 Total $ 730,375 $ 2,295,303 $ 1,338,927 $ 423,025 $ 58,456 $ 263,402 $ 5,109,488 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 204,354 $ 907,309 $ 717,673 $ 231,591 $ 0 $ 2,060,927 Collectively 63,335,986 177,298,011 161,876,702 43,686,134 6,790,425 452,987,258 Total $ 63,540,340 $ 178,205,320 $ 162,594,375 $ 43,917,725 $ 6,790,425 $ 455,048,185 Impaired loans, by portfolio segment, were as follows: As of March 31, 2017 Unpaid Average Recorded Principal Related Recorded Investment Balance Allowance Investment(1) With an allowance recorded Commercial real estate $ 346,444 $ 379,243 $ 79,200 $ 283,351 Residential real estate - 1st lien 53,038 57,032 3,900 162,500 Residential real estate - Jr lien 222,080 284,931 117,500 223,067 621,562 721,206 200,600 668,918 With no related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 48,385 62,498 48,385 Commercial real estate 460,838 508,058 464,038 Residential real estate - 1st lien 413,290 485,577 544,069 922,513 1,056,133 1,056,492 Total $ 1,544,075 $ 1,777,339 $ 200,600 $ 1,725,410 (1) For the three months ended March 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2016 2016 Unpaid Average Recorded Principal Related Recorded Investment Balance Allowance Investment With an allowance recorded Commercial real estate $ 220,257 $ 232,073 $ 86,400 $ 89,664 Residential real estate - 1st lien 271,962 275,118 6,200 350,709 Residential real estate - Jr lien 224,053 284,342 114,800 241,965 716,272 791,533 207,400 682,338 With no related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 48,385 62,498 183,925 Commercial real estate 467,238 521,991 1,059,542 Residential real estate - 1st lien 674,847 893,741 877,237 Residential real estate - Jr lien 0 0 15,888 1,190,470 1,478,230 2,136,592 Total $ 1,906,742 $ 2,269,763 $ 207,400 $ 2,818,930 As of March 31, 2016 Unpaid Average Recorded Principal Related Recorded Investment Balance Allowance Investment(1) With an allowance recorded Residential real estate - 1st lien $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 86,894 Residential real estate - Jr lien 231,591 284,287 117,700 232,798 231,591 284,287 117,700 319,692 With no related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 204,354 272,017 245,395 Commercial real estate 907,309 957,229 1,729,529 Residential real estate - 1st lien 717,673 803,505 981,847 1,829,336 2,032,751 2,956,771 Total $ 2,060,927 $ 2,317,038 $ 117,700 $ 3,276,463 (1) For the three months ended March 31, 2016 Interest income recognized on impaired loans was immaterial for all periods presented. For all loan segments, the accrual of interest is discontinued when a loan is specifically determined to be impaired or when the loan is delinquent 90 days and management believes, after considering collection efforts and other factors, that the borrower's financial condition is such that collection of interest is considered by management to be doubtful. Any unpaid interest previously accrued on those loans is reversed from income. Interest income is generally not recognized on specific impaired loans unless the likelihood of further loss is considered by management to be remote. Interest payments received on impaired loans are generally applied as a reduction of the loan principal balance. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are considered by management to be reasonably assured. Credit Quality Grouping In developing the ALL, management uses credit quality grouping to help evaluate trends in credit quality. The Company groups credit risk into Groups A, B and C. The manner the Company utilizes to assign risk grouping is driven by loan purpose. Commercial purpose loans are individually risk graded while the retail portion of the portfolio is generally grouped by delinquency pool. Group A loans - Acceptable Risk Group B loans – Management Involved Group C loans – Unacceptable Risk Commercial purpose loan ratings are assigned by the commercial account officer; for larger and more complex commercial loans, the credit rating is a collaborative assignment by the lender and the credit analyst. The credit risk rating is based on the borrower's expected performance, i.e., the likelihood that the borrower will be able to service its obligations in accordance with the loan terms. Credit risk ratings are meant to measure risk versus simply record history. Assessment of expected future payment performance requires consideration of numerous factors. While past performance is part of the overall evaluation, expected performance is based on an analysis of the borrower's financial strength, and historical and projected factors such as size and financing alternatives, capacity and cash flow, balance sheet and income statement trends, the quality and timeliness of financial reporting, and the quality of the borrower’s management. Other factors influencing the credit risk rating to a lesser degree include collateral coverage and control, guarantor strength and commitment, documentation, structure and covenants and industry conditions. There are uncertainties inherent in this process. Credit risk ratings are dynamic and require updating whenever relevant information is received. The risk ratings of larger or more complex loans, and Group B and C rated loans, are assessed at the time of their respective annual reviews, during quarterly updates, in action plans or at any other time that relevant information warrants update. Lenders are required to make immediate disclosure to the Chief Credit Officer of any known increase in loan risk, even if considered temporary in nature. The risk ratings within the loan portfolio, by segment, as of the balance sheet dates were as follows: As of March 31, 2017 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Total Group A $ 66,610,036 $ 194,682,293 $ 160,911,670 $ 41,115,085 $ 6,764,848 $ 470,083,932 Group B 1,709,910 2,423,387 0 167,692 0 4,300,989 Group C 745,039 8,034,807 2,017,577 537,998 1,903 11,337,324 Total $ 69,064,985 $ 205,140,487 $ 162,929,247 $ 41,820,775 $ 6,766,751 $ 485,722,245 As of December 31, 2016 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Total Group A $ 67,297,983 $ 191,755,393 $ 164,708,778 $ 42,289,062 $ 7,168,901 $ 473,220,117 Group B 512,329 2,971,364 0 169,054 0 3,652,747 Group C 920,261 7,001,523 1,983,184 469,219 2,175 10,376,362 Total $ 68,730,573 $ 201,728,280 $ 166,691,962 $ 42,927,335 $ 7,171,076 $ 487,249,226 As of March 31, 2016 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Total Group A $ 58,289,285 $ 165,816,389 $ 159,255,456 $ 43,197,130 $ 6,790,425 $ 433,348,685 Group B 4,448,662 4,638,741 593,394 184,734 0 9,865,531 Group C 802,393 7,750,190 2,745,525 535,861 0 11,833,969 Total $ 63,540,340 $ 178,205,320 $ 162,594,375 $ 43,917,725 $ 6,790,425 $ 455,048,185 Modifications of Loans and TDRs A loan is classified as a TDR if, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. The Company is deemed to have granted such a concession if it has modified a troubled loan in any of the following ways: ● Reduced accrued interest; ● Reduced the original contractual interest rate to a rate that is below the current market rate for the borrower; ● Converted a variable-rate loan to a fixed-rate loan; ● Extended the term of the loan beyond an insignificant delay; ● Deferred or forgiven principal in an amount greater than three months of payments; or ● Performed a refinancing and deferred or forgiven principal on the original loan. An insignificant delay or insignificant shortfall in the amount of payments typically would not require the loan to be accounted for as a TDR. However, pursuant to regulatory guidance, any payment delay longer than three months is generally not considered insignificant. Management’s assessment of whether a concession has been granted also takes into account payments expected to be received from third parties, including third-party guarantors, provided that the third party has the ability to perform on the guarantee. The Company’s TDRs are principally a result of extending loan repayment terms to relieve cash flow difficulties. The Company has only, on a limited basis, reduced interest rates for borrowers below the current market rate for the borrower. The Company has not forgiven principal or reduced accrued interest within the terms of original restructurings, nor has it converted variable rate terms to fixed rate terms. However, the Company evaluates each TDR situation on its own merits and does not foreclose the granting of any particular type of concession. New TDRs, by portfolio segment, during the periods presented were as follows: Three months ended March 31, 2017 Pre- Post- Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Commercial & industrial 1 $41,857 $57,418 Year ended December 31, 2016 Pre- Post- Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Residential real estate - 1st lien 8 $ 572,418 $ 598,030 Residential real estate - Jr lien 2 62,819 64,977 Total 10 $ 635,237 $ 663,007 Three months ended March 31, 2016 Pre- Post- Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Residential real estate - 1st lien 5 $ 395,236 $ 412,923 Residential real estate - Jr lien 1 10,261 10,340 Total 6 $ 405,497 $ 423,263 The TDR’s for which there was a payment default during the twelve month periods presented were as follows: Twelve months ended March 31, 2017 Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Residential real estate - 1st lien 1 $ 64,218 Residential real estate - Jr lien 1 54,557 Total 2 $ 118,775 Twelve months ended December 31, 2016 Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Residential real estate - 1st lien 2 $ 93,230 Residential real estate - Jr lien 1 54,557 Total 3 $ 147,787 Twelve months ended March 31, 2016 Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Commercial 1 $ 79,158 Commercial real estate 1 146,519 Residential real estate - 1st lien 1 59,838 Total 3 $ 285,515 TDRs are treated as other impaired loans and carry individual specific reserves with respect to the calculation of the ALL. These loans are categorized as non-performing, may be past due, and are generally adversely risk rated. The TDRs that have defaulted under their restructured terms are generally in collection status and their reserve is typically calculated using the fair value of collateral method. The specific allowances related to TDRs as of the balance sheet dates are presented in the table below. There were no TDRs with specific allocations as of March 31, 2016. March 31, December 31, 2017 2016 Specific Allocation $ 83,100 $ 92,600 As of the balance sheet dates, the Company evaluates whether it is contractually committed to lend additional funds to debtors with impaired, non-accrual or modified loans. The Company is contractually committed to lend on one Small Business Administration guaranteed line of credit to a borrower whose lending relationship was previously restructured. |