Note 5. Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality | The composition of net loans as of the balance sheet dates was as follows: March 31, December 31, March 31, 2018 2017 2017 Commercial & industrial $ 76,968,888 $ 77,110,747 $ 69,064,985 Commercial real estate 210,135,736 207,044,227 205,140,487 Residential real estate - 1st lien 166,435,383 168,184,135 162,929,247 Residential real estate - Jr lien 45,459,718 45,256,862 41,820,775 Consumer 5,033,833 5,268,680 6,766,751 Gross Loans 504,033,558 502,864,651 485,722,245 Deduct (add): Allowance for loan losses 5,341,220 5,438,099 5,258,440 Deferred net loan costs (329,244 ) (318,651 ) (321,285 ) Net Loans $ 499,021,582 $ 497,745,203 $ 480,785,090 The following is an age analysis of loans (including non-accrual) as of the balance sheet dates, by portfolio segment: 90 Days or 90 Days Total Non-Accrual More and March 31, 2018 30-89 Days or More Past Due Current Total Loans Loans Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 873,514 $ 44,813 $ 918,327 $ 76,050,561 $ 76,968,888 $ 185,012 $ 8,207 Commercial real estate 1,205,289 451,104 1,656,393 208,479,343 210,135,736 1,588,084 0 Residential real estate - 1st lien 3,837,705 961,601 4,799,306 161,636,077 166,435,383 1,518,759 466,704 - Jr lien 181,062 250,399 431,461 45,028,257 45,459,718 345,214 113,578 Consumer 35,090 0 35,090 4,998,743 5,033,833 0 0 $ 6,132,660 $ 1,707,917 $ 7,840,577 $ 496,192,981 $ 504,033,558 $ 3,637,069 $ 588,489 90 Days or 90 Days Total Non-Accrual More and December 31, 2017 30-89 Days or More Past Due Current Total Loans Loans Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 308,712 $ 0 $ 308,712 $ 76,802,035 $ 77,110,747 $ 98,806 $ 0 Commercial real estate 1,482,982 418,255 1,901,237 205,142,990 207,044,227 1,065,385 0 Residential real estate - 1st lien 4,238,933 2,011,419 6,250,352 161,933,783 168,184,135 1,585,473 1,249,241 - Jr lien 156,101 168,517 324,618 44,932,244 45,256,862 346,912 0 Consumer 80,384 1,484 81,868 5,186,812 5,268,680 0 1,484 $ 6,267,112 $ 2,599,675 $ 8,866,787 $ 493,997,864 $ 502,864,651 $ 3,096,576 $ 1,250,725 90 Days or 90 Days Total Non-Accrual More and March 31, 2017 30-89 Days or More Past Due Current Total Loans Loans Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 103,900 $ 0 $ 103,900 $ 68,961,085 $ 69,064,985 $ 135,379 $ 0 Commercial real estate 681,654 215,892 897,546 204,242,941 205,140,487 744,989 0 Residential real estate - 1st lien 4,289,551 1,246,520 5,536,071 157,393,176 162,929,247 1,148,848 668,569 - Jr lien 333,625 164,726 498,351 41,322,424 41,820,775 442,960 27,905 Consumer 84,321 1,903 86,224 6,680,527 6,766,751 0 1,903 $ 5,493,051 $ 1,629,041 $ 7,122,092 $ 478,600,153 $ 485,722,245 $ 2,472,176 $ 698,377 For all loan segments, loans over 30 days past due are considered delinquent. As of the balance sheet dates presented, residential mortgage loans in process of foreclosure consisted of the following: Number of loans Balance March 31, 2018 10 $ 694,509 December 31, 2017 10 791,944 March 31, 2017 6 330,548 Allowance for loan losses The ALL is established through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is probable. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Unsecured loans, primarily consumer loans, are charged off when they become uncollectible and no later than 120 days past due. Unsecured loans to customers who subsequently file bankruptcy are charged off within 30 days of receipt of the notification of filing or by the end of the month in which the loans become 120 days past due, whichever occurs first. For secured loans, both residential and commercial, the potential loss on impaired loans is carried as a loan loss reserve specific allocation; the loss portion is charged off when collection of the full loan appears unlikely. The unsecured portion of a real estate loan is that portion of the loan exceeding the "fair value" of the collateral less the estimated cost to sell. Value of the collateral is determined in accordance with the Company’s appraisal policy. The unsecured portion of an impaired real estate secured loan is charged off by the end of the month in which the loan becomes 180 days past due. As described below, the allowance consists of general, specific and unallocated components. However, the entire allowance is available to absorb losses in the loan portfolio, regardless of specific, general and unallocated components considered in determining the amount of the allowance. General component The general component of the ALL is based on historical loss experience and various qualitative factors and is stratified by the following loan segments: commercial and industrial, CRE, residential real estate 1st lien, residential real estate Jr lien and consumer loans. The Company does not disaggregate its portfolio segments further into classes. Loss ratios are calculated by loan segment for one year, two year, three year, four year and five year look back periods. Management uses an average of historical losses based on a time frame appropriate to capture relevant loss data for each loan segment in the current economic climate. During periods of economic stability, a relatively longer period (e.g., five years) may be appropriate. During periods of significant expansion or contraction, the Company may appropriately shorten the historical time period. The Company is currently using an extended look back period of five years. Qualitative factors include the levels of and trends in delinquencies and non-performing loans, levels of and trends in loan risk groups, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of any changes in loan related policies, experience, ability and the depth of management, documentation and credit data exception levels, national and local economic trends, external factors such as competition and regulation and lastly, concentrations of credit risk in a variety of areas, including portfolio product mix, the level of loans to individual borrowers and their related interests, loans to industry segments, and the geographic distribution of CRE loans. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to revision as more information becomes available. The qualitative factors are determined based on the various risk characteristics of each loan segment. The Company has policies, procedures and internal controls that management believes are commensurate with the risk profile of each of these segments. Major risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: Commercial & Industrial – Commercial Real Estate – Residential Real Estate - 1st Lien – Residential Real Estate – Jr Lien – Consumer – Specific component The specific component of the ALL relates to loans that are impaired. Impaired loans are loan(s) to a borrower that in the aggregate are greater than $100,000 and that are in non-accrual status or are troubled debt restructurings (TDR) regardless of amount. A specific allowance is established for an impaired loan when its estimated impaired basis is less than the carrying value of the loan. For all loan segments, except consumer loans, a loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, in management’s estimation it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant or temporary payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management evaluates the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length and frequency of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis, by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Impaired loans also include troubled loans that are restructured. A TDR occurs when the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that would otherwise not be granted. TDRs may include the transfer of assets to the Company in partial satisfaction of a troubled loan, a modification of a loan’s terms, or a combination of the two. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer loans for impairment evaluation, unless such loans are subject to a restructuring agreement. Unallocated component An unallocated component of the ALL is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component reflects management’s estimate of the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. The tables below summarize changes in the ALL and select loan information, by portfolio segment, for the periods indicated. As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2018 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 675,687 $ 2,674,029 $ 1,460,547 $ 316,982 $ 43,303 $ 267,551 $ 5,438,099 Charge-offs (88,894 ) (121,000 ) (33,072 ) (24,000 ) (33,630 ) 0 (300,596 ) Recoveries 5,014 0 8,858 435 9,410 0 23,717 Provision (credit) 74,853 113,675 (28,532 ) (4,125 ) 25,079 (950 ) 180,000 Ending balance $ 666,660 $ 2,666,704 $ 1,407,801 $ 289,292 $ 44,162 $ 266,601 $ 5,341,220 Allowance for loan losses Evaluated for impairment Individually $ 0 $ 3,528 $ 120,264 $ 1,194 $ 0 $ 0 $ 124,986 Collectively 666,660 2,663,176 1,287,537 288,098 44,162 266,601 5,216,234 $ 666,660 $ 2,666,704 $ 1,407,801 $ 289,292 $ 44,162 $ 266,601 $ 5,341,220 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 185,012 $ 1,605,948 $ 4,277,541 $ 272,506 $ 0 $ 6,341,007 Collectively 76,783,876 208,529,788 162,157,842 45,187,212 5,033,833 497,692,551 $ 76,968,888 $ 210,135,736 $ 166,435,383 $ 45,459,718 $ 5,033,833 $ 504,033,558 As of or for the year ended December 31, 2017 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 726,848 $ 2,496,085 $ 1,369,757 $ 371,176 $ 83,973 $ 230,606 $ 5,278,445 Charge-offs (20,000 ) (160,207 ) (159,533 ) (118,359 ) (124,042 ) 0 (582,141 ) Recoveries 27,051 230 26,826 465 37,223 0 91,795 Provision (credit) (58,212 ) 337,921 223,497 63,700 46,149 36,945 650,000 Ending balance $ 675,687 $ 2,674,029 $ 1,460,547 $ 316,982 $ 43,303 $ 267,551 $ 5,438,099 Allowance for loan losses Evaluated for impairment Individually $ 0 $ 69,015 $ 125,305 $ 26,353 $ 0 $ 0 $ 220,673 Collectively 675,687 2,605,014 1,335,242 290,629 43,303 267,551 5,217,426 $ 675,687 $ 2,674,029 $ 1,460,547 $ 316,982 $ 43,303 $ 267,551 $ 5,438,099 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 98,806 $ 1,306,057 $ 4,075,666 $ 300,759 $ 0 $ 5,781,288 Collectively 77,011,941 205,738,170 164,108,469 44,956,103 5,268,680 497,083,363 $ 77,110,747 $ 207,044,227 $ 168,184,135 $ 45,256,862 $ 5,268,680 $ 502,864,651 As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2017 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 726,848 $ 2,496,085 $ 1,369,757 $ 371,176 $ 83,973 $ 230,606 $ 5,278,445 Charge-offs (21,024 ) (160,207 ) (4,735 ) 0 (5,441 ) 0 (191,407 ) Recoveries 7,141 0 6,236 60 7,965 0 21,402 Provision (credit) 6,808 185,243 (58,463 ) (782 ) (25,175 ) 42,369 150,000 Ending balance $ 719,773 $ 2,521,121 $ 1,312,795 $ 370,454 $ 61,322 $ 272,975 $ 5,258,440 Allowance for loan losses Evaluated for impairment Individually $ 0 $ 79,200 $ 3,900 $ 117,500 $ 0 $ 0 $ 200,600 Collectively 719,773 2,441,921 1,308,895 252,954 61,322 272,975 5,057,840 $ 719,773 $ 2,521,121 $ 1,312,795 $ 370,454 $ 61,322 $ 272,975 $ 5,258,440 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 48,385 $ 807,282 $ 466,328 $ 222,080 $ 0 $ 1,544,075 Collectively 69,016,600 204,333,205 162,462,919 41,598,695 6,766,751 484,178,170 $ 69,064,985 $ 205,140,487 $ 162,929,247 $ 41,820,775 $ 6,766,751 $ 485,722,245 Impaired loans, by portfolio segment, were as follows: As of March 31, 2018 Unpaid Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment (1) Recognized(1) Related allowance recorded Commercial real estate $ 83,645 $ 225,681 $ 3,528 $ 183,567 $ 0 Residential real estate - 1st lien 793,881 834,267 120,264 751,122 7,682 - Jr lien 8,182 8,151 1,194 177,100 92 885,708 1,068,099 124,986 1,111,789 7,774 No related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 185,012 450,039 103,193 0 Commercial real estate 1,523,166 1,658,923 1,316,216 4,064 Residential real estate - 1st lien 3,507,912 3,923,460 2,496,646 31,124 - Jr lien 264,355 438,777 169,390 0 5,480,445 6,471,199 4,085,445 35,188 $ 6,366,153 $ 7,539,298 $ 124,986 $ 5,197,234 $ 42,962 (1) For the three months ended March 31, 2018 In the table above, recorded investment of impaired loans as of March 31, 2018 includes accrued interest receivable and deferred net loan costs of $25,146. As of December 31, 2017 2017 Unpaid Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized Related allowance recorded Commercial real estate $ 204,645 $ 225,681 $ 69,015 $ 210,890 $ 0 Residential real estate - 1st lien 798,226 837,766 125,305 646,799 29,262 - Jr lien 146,654 293,351 26,353 220,274 400 1,149,525 1,356,798 220,673 1,077,963 29,662 No related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 98,806 136,590 75,868 72,426 Commercial real estate 1,102,859 1,226,040 1,105,030 237,792 Residential real estate - 1st lien 3,300,175 3,641,627 1,930,108 133,732 - Jr lien 154,116 154,423 116,519 16,574 4,655,956 5,158,680 3,227,525 460,524 $ 5,805,481 $ 6,515,478 $ 220,673 $ 4,305,488 $ 490,186 In the table above, recorded investment of impaired loans as of December 31, 2017 includes accrued interest receivable and deferred net loan costs of $24,193. As of March 31, 2017 Unpaid Average Recorded Principal Related Recorded Investment Balance Allowance Investment(1) Related allowance recorded Commercial real estate $ 346,444 $ 379,243 $ 79,200 $ 283,351 Residential real estate - 1st lien 53,038 57,032 3,900 162,500 Residential real estate - Jr lien 222,080 284,931 117,500 223,067 621,562 721,206 200,600 668,918 No related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 48,385 62,498 48,385 Commercial real estate 460,838 508,058 464,038 Residential real estate - 1st lien 413,290 485,577 544,069 922,513 1,056,133 1,056,492 $ 1,544,075 $ 1,777,339 $ 200,600 $ 1,725,410 (1) For the three months ended March 31, 2017 Interest income recognized on impaired loans was immaterial for the March 31, 2017 period presented. For all loan segments, the accrual of interest is discontinued when a loan is specifically determined to be impaired or when the loan is delinquent 90 days and management believes, after considering collection efforts and other factors, that the borrower's financial condition is such that collection of interest is considered by management to be doubtful. Any unpaid interest previously accrued on those loans is reversed from income. Interest income is generally not recognized on specific impaired loans unless the likelihood of further loss is considered by management to be remote. Interest payments received on impaired loans are generally applied as a reduction of the loan principal balance. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are considered by management to be reasonably assured. Credit Quality Grouping In developing the ALL, management uses credit quality grouping to help evaluate trends in credit quality. The Company groups credit risk into Groups A, B and C. The manner the Company utilizes to assign risk grouping is driven by loan purpose. Commercial purpose loans are individually risk graded while the retail portion of the portfolio is generally grouped by delinquency pool. Group A loans - Acceptable Risk Group B loans – Management Involved Group C loans – Unacceptable Risk Commercial purpose loan ratings are assigned by the commercial account officer; for larger and more complex commercial loans, the credit rating is a collaborative assignment by the lender and the credit analyst. The credit risk rating is based on the borrower's expected performance, i.e., the likelihood that the borrower will be able to service its obligations in accordance with the loan terms. Credit risk ratings are meant to measure risk versus simply record history. Assessment of expected future payment performance requires consideration of numerous factors. While past performance is part of the overall evaluation, expected performance is based on an analysis of the borrower's financial strength, and historical and projected factors such as size and financing alternatives, capacity and cash flow, balance sheet and income statement trends, the quality and timeliness of financial reporting, and the quality of the borrower’s management. Other factors influencing the credit risk rating to a lesser degree include collateral coverage and control, guarantor strength and commitment, documentation, structure and covenants and industry conditions. There are uncertainties inherent in this process. Credit risk ratings are dynamic and require updating whenever relevant information is received. The risk ratings of larger or more complex loans, and Group B and C rated loans, are assessed at the time of their respective annual reviews, during quarterly updates, in action plans or at any other time that relevant information warrants update. Lenders are required to make immediate disclosure to the Chief Credit Officer of any known increase in loan risk, even if considered temporary in nature. The risk ratings within the loan portfolio, by segment, as of the balance sheet dates were as follows: As of March 31, 2018 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Total Group A $ 74,829,100 $ 196,906,148 $ 163,625,382 $ 44,896,784 $ 5,033,833 $ 485,291,247 Group B 1,139,008 4,334,637 210,428 36,429 0 5,720,502 Group C 1,000,780 8,894,951 2,599,573 526,505 0 13,021,809 $ 76,968,888 $ 210,135,736 $ 166,435,383 $ 45,459,718 $ 5,033,833 $ 504,033,558 As of December 31, 2017 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Total Group A $ 73,352,768 $ 194,066,034 $ 165,089,999 $ 44,687,951 $ 5,267,196 $ 482,463,948 Group B 617,526 4,609,847 282,671 37,598 0 5,547,642 Group C 3,140,453 8,368,346 2,811,465 531,313 1,484 14,853,061 $ 77,110,747 $ 207,044,227 $ 168,184,135 $ 45,256,862 $ 5,268,680 $ 502,864,651 As of March 31, 2017 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Real Estate 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Total Group A $ 66,610,036 $ 194,682,293 $ 160,911,670 $ 41,115,085 $ 6,764,848 $ 470,083,932 Group B 1,709,910 2,423,387 0 167,692 0 4,300,989 Group C 745,039 8,034,807 2,017,577 537,998 1,903 11,337,324 $ 69,064,985 $ 205,140,487 $ 162,929,247 $ 41,820,775 $ 6,766,751 $ 485,722,245 Modifications of Loans and TDRs A loan is classified as a TDR if, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. The Company is deemed to have granted such a concession if it has modified a troubled loan in any of the following ways: ● Reduced accrued interest; ● Reduced the original contractual interest rate to a rate that is below the current market rate for the borrower; ● Converted a variable-rate loan to a fixed-rate loan; ● Extended the term of the loan beyond an insignificant delay; ● Deferred or forgiven principal in an amount greater than three months of payments; or ● Performed a refinancing and deferred or forgiven principal on the original loan. An insignificant delay or insignificant shortfall in the amount of payments typically would not require the loan to be accounted for as a TDR. However, pursuant to regulatory guidance, any payment delay longer than three months is generally not considered insignificant. Management’s assessment of whether a concession has been granted also takes into account payments expected to be received from third parties, including third-party guarantors, provided that the third party has the ability to perform on the guarantee. The Company’s TDRs are principally a result of extending loan repayment terms to relieve cash flow difficulties. The Company has only, on a limited basis, reduced interest rates for borrowers below the current market rate for the borrower. The Company has not forgiven principal or reduced accrued interest within the terms of original restructurings, nor has it converted variable rate terms to fixed rate terms. However, the Company evaluates each TDR situation on its own merits and does not foreclose the granting of any particular type of concession. New TDRs, by portfolio segment, during the periods presented were as follows: Three months ended March 31, 2018 Pre- Post- Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Residential real estate - 1st lien 5 $ 682,791 $ 785,309 Year ended December 31, 2017 Pre- Post- Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Residential real estate - 1st lien 4 $ 256,353 $ 287,385 Three months ended March 31, 2017 Pre- Post- Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Commercial & industrial 1 $ 41,857 $ 57,418 The TDRs for which there was a payment default during the twelve month periods presented were as follows: Twelve months ended March 31, 2018 Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Residential real estate – 1st lien 1 $ 87,696 Twelve months ended December 31, 2017 Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Residential real estate - 1st lien 1 $ 87,696 Twelve months ended March 31, 2017 Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Residential real estate - 1st lien 1 $ 64,218 Residential real estate - Jr lien 1 54,557 2 $ 118,775 TDRs are treated as other impaired loans and carry individual specific reserves with respect to the calculation of the ALL. These loans are categorized as non-performing, may be past due, and are generally adversely risk rated. The TDRs that have defaulted under their restructured terms are generally in collection status and their reserve is typically calculated using the fair value of collateral method. The specific allowances related to TDRs as of the balance sheet dates are presented in the table below. March 31, December 31, March 31, 2018 2017 2017 Specific Allocation $ 124,986 $ 197,605 $ 83,100 As of the balance sheet dates, the Company evaluates whether it is contractually committed to lend additional funds to debtors with impaired, non-accrual or modified loans. The Company is contractually committed to lend on one SBA guaranteed line of credit to a borrower whose lending relationship was previously restructured. |