ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES We maintain an ACL at a level determined to be adequate to absorb estimated expected credit losses within the loan portfolio over the contractual life of an instrument that considers our historical loss experience, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions as of the balance sheet date. We develop and document a systematic ACL methodology based on the following portfolio segments: 1) Construction, 2) Commercial Real Estate, or CRE, 3) Commercial and Industrial, or C&I, 4) Business Banking, 5) Consumer Real Estate and 6) Other Consumer. The following are key risks within each portfolio segment: CRE —Loans secured by commercial purpose real estate, including both owner-occupied properties and investment properties for various purposes such as hotels, retail, multifamily, and health care. Operations of the individual projects and global cash flows of the debtors are the primary sources of repayment for these loans. The condition of the local economy is an important indicator of risk, but there are also more specific risks depending on the collateral type and the business prospects of the lessee, if the project is not owner-occupied. C&I —Loans made to operating companies or manufacturers for the purpose of production, operating capacity, accounts receivable, inventory or equipment financing. Cash flow from the operations of the company is the primary source of repayment for these loans. The condition of the local economy is an important indicator of risk, but there are also more specific risks depending on the industry of the company. Collateral for these types of loans often does not have sufficient value in a distressed or liquidation scenario to satisfy the outstanding debt. Commercial Construction —Loans made to finance construction of buildings or other structures, as well as to finance the acquisition and development of raw land for various purposes. While the risk of these loans is generally confined to the construction period, if there are problems, the project may not be completed, and as such, may not provide sufficient cash flow on its own to service the debt or have sufficient value in a liquidation to cover the outstanding principal. The condition of the local economy is an important indicator of risk, but there are also more specific risks depending on the type of project and the experience and resources of the developer. Business Banking —Commercial loans made to small businesses that are standard, non-complex products evaluated through a streamlined credit approval process that has been designed to maximize efficiency while maintaining high credit quality standards that meet small business market customers’ needs. The business banking portfolio is monitored by utilizing a standard and closely managed process focusing on behavioral and performance criteria. The condition of the local economy is an important indicator of risk, but there are also more specific risks depending on the collateral type and business. Consumer Real Estate —Loans secured by first and second liens such as home equity loans, home equity lines of credit and 1-4 family residential mortgages, including purchase money mortgages. The primary source of repayment for these loans is the income and assets of the borrower. The condition of the local economy, in particular the unemployment rate, is an important indicator of risk for this segment. The state of the local housing market can also have a significant impact on this segment because low demand and/or declining home values can limit the ability of borrowers to sell a property and satisfy the debt. Other Consumer —Loans made to individuals that may be secured by assets other than 1-4 family residences, as well as unsecured loans. This segment includes auto loans, unsecured loans and lines and credit cards. The primary source of repayment for these loans is the income and assets of the borrower. The condition of the local economy, in particular the unemployment rate, is an important indicator of risk for this segment. The value of the collateral, if there is any, is less likely to be a source of repayment due to less certain collateral values. Management monitors various credit quality indicators for the commercial, business banking and consumer loan portfolios, including changes in risk ratings, nonperforming status and delinquency on a monthly basis. We monitor the commercial loan portfolio through an internal risk rating system. Loan risk ratings are assigned based upon the creditworthiness of the borrower and are reviewed on an ongoing basis according to our internal policies. Loans within the pass rating generally have a lower risk of loss than loans risk rated as special mention or substandard. Our risk ratings are consistent with regulatory guidance and are as follows: Pass —The loan is currently performing and is of high quality. Special Mention —A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that warrant management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or in the strength of our credit position at some future date. Substandard —A substandard loan is not adequately protected by the net worth and/or paying capacity of the borrower or by the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful —Loans classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The following table presents loan balances by year of origination and internally assigned risk rating for our portfolio segments as of June 30, 2020: Risk Rating (dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 and Prior Revolving Revolving-Term Total Commercial Real Estate Pass $ 231,670 $ 468,786 $ 443,243 $ 327,871 $ 401,126 $ 769,224 $ 48,527 — $ 2,690,447 Special Mention — 8,741 187 13,182 8,172 50,717 2,350 — 83,349 Substandard — — 938 9,098 22,059 49,912 2,890 — 84,897 Doubtful — — — — 471 2,859 80 — 3,410 Total Commercial Real Estate 231,670 477,527 444,368 350,151 431,828 872,712 53,847 — 2,862,103 Commercial and Industrial Pass 350,890 224,067 162,559 88,479 56,286 301,155 383,176 44 1,566,656 Special Mention 39 14,104 3,722 917 6,977 10,302 42,199 — 78,260 Substandard 75 5,417 2,799 14,979 75 11,354 3,061 — 37,760 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total Commercial and Industrial 351,004 243,588 169,080 104,375 63,338 322,811 428,436 44 1,682,676 Commercial Construction Pass 67,685 206,187 107,927 17,499 17,335 10,533 11,844 — 439,010 Special Mention — — 3,581 — — 5,076 91 — 8,748 Substandard — — — 1,742 — 3,598 — — 5,340 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total Commercial Construction 67,685 206,187 111,508 19,241 17,335 19,207 11,935 — 453,098 Business Banking Pass 289,837 171,903 142,912 99,586 88,874 310,932 110,498 1,247 1,215,789 Special Mention — 100 1,341 1,742 1,144 7,071 733 69 12,200 Substandard — 627 3,115 4,616 4,036 27,566 680 206 40,846 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total Business Banking 289,837 172,630 147,368 105,944 94,054 345,569 111,911 1,522 1,268,835 Consumer Real Estate Pass 59,273 143,091 81,972 79,203 87,809 309,636 421,987 7,123 1,190,094 Special Mention — — — — 798 300 — — 1,098 Substandard — 188 299 812 973 8,447 202 — 10,921 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total Consumer Real Estate 59,273 143,279 82,271 80,015 89,580 318,383 422,189 7,123 1,202,113 Other consumer Pass 4,720 16,987 9,223 5,323 4,256 1,561 30,377 268 72,715 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — 559 145 117 691 4,839 408 259 7,018 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total Other Consumer 4,720 17,546 9,368 5,440 4,947 6,400 30,785 527 79,733 Total Loan Balance $ 1,004,189 $ 1,260,757 $ 963,963 $ 665,166 $ 701,082 $ 1,885,082 $ 1,059,103 $ 9,216 $ 7,548,558 We monitor the delinquent status of the commercial and consumer portfolios on a monthly basis. Loans are considered nonperforming when interest and principal are 90 days or more past due or management has determined that a material deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition exists. The risk of loss is generally highest for nonperforming loans. The following table presents loan balances by year of origination and performing and nonperforming status for our portfolio segments as of June 30, 2020: (dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 and Prior Revolving Revolving-Term Total Commercial Real Estate Performing $ 231,670 $ 477,527 $ 444,368 $ 350,151 $ 411,792 $ 839,942 $ 50,877 $ — $ 2,806,327 Nonperforming — — — — 20,036 32,770 2,970 — 55,776 Total Commercial Real Estate 231,670 477,527 444,368 350,151 431,828 872,712 53,847 — 2,862,103 Commercial and Industrial Performing 351,004 243,588 168,814 104,375 63,338 322,811 426,076 44 1,680,050 Nonperforming — — 266 — — — 2,360 — 2,626 Total Commercial and Industrial 351,004 243,588 169,080 104,375 63,338 322,811 428,436 44 1,682,676 Commercial Construction Performing 67,685 206,187 111,508 18,200 17,335 18,744 11,935 — 451,594 Nonperforming — — — 1,041 — 463 — — 1,504 Total Commercial Construction 67,685 206,187 111,508 19,241 17,335 19,207 11,935 — 453,098 Business Banking Performing 289,837 172,290 145,563 104,549 92,708 334,316 111,696 1,401 1,252,360 Nonperforming — 340 1,805 1,395 1,346 11,253 215 121 16,475 Total Business Banking 289,837 172,630 147,368 105,944 94,054 345,569 111,911 1,522 1,268,835 Consumer Real Estate Performing 59,273 143,174 81,327 78,888 88,576 309,984 421,895 7,123 1,190,240 Nonperforming — 105 944 1,127 1,004 8,399 294 — 11,873 Total Consumer Real Estate 59,273 143,279 82,271 80,015 89,580 318,383 422,189 7,123 1,202,113 Other Consumer Performing 4,720 17,069 9,368 5,338 4,664 5,630 30,594 491 77,874 Nonperforming — 477 — 102 283 770 191 36 1,859 Total Other Consumer 4,720 17,546 9,368 5,440 4,947 6,400 30,785 527 79,733 Performing 1,004,189 1,259,835 960,948 661,501 678,413 1,831,427 1,053,073 9,059 7,458,445 Nonperforming — 922 3,015 3,665 22,668 53,655 6,030 157 90,113 Total Loan Balance $ 1,004,189 $ 1,260,757 $ 963,963 $ 665,166 $ 701,082 $ 1,885,082 $ 1,059,103 $ 9,216 $ 7,548,558 The following tables present the age analysis of past due loans segregated by class of loans as of the dates presented: June 30, 2020 (2) (dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Past Due (1) Non - performing Total Past Total Loans Commercial real estate $ 2,806,327 $ — $ — $ — $ 55,776 $ 55,776 $ 2,862,103 Commercial and industrial 1,678,314 — 230 1,506 2,626 4,362 1,682,676 Commercial construction 451,594 — — — 1,504 1,504 453,098 Business banking 1,248,611 839 2,910 — 16,475 20,224 1,268,835 Consumer real estate 1,184,530 1,429 3,709 572 11,873 17,583 1,202,113 Other consumer 77,420 201 131 122 1,859 2,313 79,733 Total $ 7,446,796 $ 2,469 $ 6,980 $ 2,200 $ 90,113 $ 101,762 $ 7,548,558 (1) Represents acquired loans that were recorded at fair value at the acquisition date and remain performing at June 30, 2020. (2) We had 2,360 loans that were modified totaling $1.4 billion under the CARES Act at June 30, 2020. These customers were not considered past due as a result of their delayed payments. Upon exiting the loan modification deferral program, the measurement of loan delinquency will resume where it left off upon entry into the program. Due to the modification program, this delinquency table may not accurately reflect the credit risk associated with these loans. December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Past Due (1) Non - performing Total Past Total Loans Commercial real estate $ 3,025,505 $ 7,749 $ 71 $ 911 $ 25,356 $ 34,087 $ 3,059,592 Commercial and industrial 1,466,460 126 1,589 1,443 10,911 14,069 1,480,529 Commercial construction 367,204 956 1,163 — 737 2,856 370,060 Business banking 830,735 5,093 1,099 — 9,863 16,055 846,790 Consumer real estate 1,283,591 2,620 1,758 1,175 6,063 11,616 1,295,207 Other consumer 81,866 1,448 305 228 1,127 3,108 84,974 Total $ 7,055,361 $ 17,992 $ 5,985 $ 3,757 $ 54,057 $ 81,791 $ 7,137,152 (1) Represents acquired loans that were recorded at fair value at the acquisition date and remain performing at December 31, 2019. The following table presents loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan: June 30, 2020 June 30, 2020 For the three months ended For the six months ended (dollars in thousands) Beginning of Period Nonaccrual End of Period Nonaccrual Nonaccrual With No Related Allowance Past Due 90+ Days Still Accruing Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual (1) Interest Income Recognized on Nonaccrual (1) Commercial real estate $ 25,356 $ 55,776 $14,889 $ — $3 $12 Commercial and industrial 10,911 2,626 — 1,506 9 23 Commercial construction 737 1,504 1,218 — — — Business banking 9,863 16,475 3,002 — 57 104 Consumer real estate 6,063 11,873 398 572 75 170 Other consumer 1,127 1,859 — 122 1 3 Total $ 54,057 $ 90,113 $19,507 $ 2,200 $145 $312 (1) Represents only cash payments received and applied to interest on nonaccrual loans. The following table presents collateral-dependent loans by class of loan: June 30, 2020 Type of Collateral (dollars in thousands) Real Estate Blanket Lien Investment/Cash Other Commercial real estate $55,447 $40 $— $— Commercial and industrial 2,762 3,694 — — Commercial construction 5,215 — — — Business banking 2,906 896 — 689 Consumer real estate 398 — — — Total $66,728 $4,630 $— $689 The following table presents activity in the ACL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020: Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands) Commercial Commercial and Commercial Business Banking Consumer Other Total Allowance for credit losses on loans: Balance at beginning of period $ 42,611 $ 19,870 $ 6,606 $ 13,706 $ 11,200 $ 2,857 $ 96,850 Provision for credit losses on loans 20,681 60,906 2,249 918 400 677 85,831 Charge-offs (5,600) (61,616) — (260) (37) (790) (68,303) Recoveries 38 4 19 40 22 108 231 Net (Charge-offs)/Recoveries (5,562) (61,612) 19 (220) (15) (682) (68,072) Balance at End of Period $ 57,730 $ 19,164 $ 8,874 $ 14,404 $ 11,585 $ 2,852 $ 114,609 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands) Commercial Commercial and Commercial Business Banking (1) Consumer Other Total Allowance for credit losses on loans: Balance at beginning of period $ 30,577 $ 15,681 $ 7,900 $ — $ 6,337 $ 1,729 $ 62,224 Impact of CECL adoption 4,810 7,853 (3,376) 12,898 4,525 642 27,352 Provision for credit losses on loans 28,345 67,104 4,329 2,126 829 1,529 104,262 Charge-offs (6,042) (71,496) — (721) (218) (1,272) (79,749) Recoveries 40 22 21 101 112 224 520 Net (Charge-offs)/Recoveries (6,002) (71,474) 21 (620) (106) (1,048) (79,229) Balance at End of Period $ 57,730 $ 19,164 $ 8,874 $ 14,404 $ 11,585 $ 2,852 $ 114,609 (1) In connection with our adoption of ASU 2016-13, we made changes to our loan portfolio segments to align with the methodology applied in determining the allowance under CECL. Our new segmentation breaks out business banking loans from our other loan segments: CRE, C&I, commercial construction, consumer real estate and other consumer. The business banking allowance balance at the beginning of period is included in the other segments and reclassified to business banking through the impact of CECL adoption line. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we had a charge-off of $58.7 million related to a previously disclosed customer fraud resulting from a check kiting scheme. The fraud was perpetrated by a single business customer and a criminal investigation is ongoing. The check kiting scheme resulted in a deposit account overdraft, which became a loan to us that was charged off through the ACL. The customer also had a lending relationship that was originally $15.1 million, including a $14.3 million CRE loan and a $0.8 million line of credit. We recognized a $4.2 million charge-off related to this lending relationship during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and the remaining outstanding balance of $10.9 million is a nonperforming loan at June 30, 2020. We added $14.4 million and $29.3 million to the ACL related to qualitative factors for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. Included in these amounts were $14.8 million for the three months ended and $26.0 million for the sixth months ended for the economic forecast and an allocation for our hotel portfolio due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our forecast covers a period of two years and is driven in part by national unemployment data. Changes in our current conditions qualitative factors resulted in a decrease of $0.4 million and an increase of $3.3 million to the ACL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. The C&I portfolio included $547.6 million of loans originated under the PPP at June 30, 2020. The loans are 100 percent guaranteed by the SBA, therefore, we have not assigned any ACL at June 30, 2020. Prior to the adoption of ASU 326 on January 1, 2020, we calculated our allowance for loan losses using an incurred loan loss methodology. The following tables are disclosures related to the allowance for loan losses in prior periods. The following table presents the recorded investment in commercial loan classes by internally assigned risk ratings as of December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Commercial % of Commercial % of Commercial % of Total % of Pass $ 3,270,437 95.7 % $ 1,636,314 93.4 % $ 347,324 92.5 % $ 5,254,076 95.3 % Special mention 57,285 1.7 % 36,484 1.7 % 10,109 2.7 % 103,878 1.9 % Substandard 86,772 2.5 % 47,980 4.9 % 17,899 4.8 % 152,651 2.8 % Doubtful 2,023 — % 55 — % 133 — % 2,191 — % Total $ 3,416,518 100.0 % $ 1,720,833 100.0 % $ 375,445 100.0 % $ 5,512,796 100.0 % The following table presents the recorded investment in consumer loan classes by performing and nonperforming status as of December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Residential % of Home % of Installment % of Consumer % of Total % of Performing $ 991,066 99.2 % $ 535,709 99.5 % $ 78,993 99.9 % $ 8,390 100.0 % $ 1,614,158 99.4 % Nonperforming 7,519 0.8 % 2,639 0.5 % 40 0.1 % — — % 10,198 0.6 % Total $ 998,585 100.0 % $ 538,348 100.0 % $ 79,033 100.0 % $ 8,390 100.0 % $ 1,624,356 100.0 % The following table presents investments in loans considered to be impaired and related information on those impaired loans as of December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Recorded Unpaid Related With a related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate $ 13,011 $ 14,322 $ 2,023 Commercial and industrial 10,001 10,001 55 Commercial construction 489 489 113 Consumer real estate — — — Other consumer 9 9 9 Total with a Related Allowance Recorded 23,510 24,821 2,200 Without a related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate 34,909 40,201 — Commercial and industrial 7,605 10,358 — Commercial construction 1,425 2,935 — Consumer real estate 7,884 8,445 — Other consumer 4 11 — Total without a Related Allowance Recorded 51,827 61,950 — Total: Commercial real estate 47,920 54,523 2,023 Commercial and industrial 17,606 20,359 55 Commercial construction 1,914 3,424 113 Consumer real estate 7,884 8,445 — Other consumer 13 20 9 Total $ 75,337 $ 86,771 $ 2,200 The following table presents average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019: Three months ended Six months ended June 30, 2019 June 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Average Interest Average Interest With a related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate $ 7,703 $ — $ 7,704 $ — Commercial and industrial 758 13 772 26 Commercial construction 489 — 489 — Consumer real estate 666 — 666 — Other consumer 16 — 18 1 Total with a Related Allowance Recorded 9,632 13 9,649 27 Without a related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate 21,802 77 22,093 124 Commercial and industrial 7,568 131 5,329 189 Commercial construction 2,319 48 2,319 83 Consumer real estate 7,952 93 7,979 188 Other consumer 3 — 4 — Total without a Related Allowance Recorded 39,644 349 37,724 584 Total: Commercial real estate 29,505 77 29,797 124 Commercial and industrial 8,326 144 6,101 215 Commercial construction 2,808 48 2,808 83 Consumer real estate 8,618 93 8,645 188 Other consumer 19 — 22 1 Total $ 49,276 $ 362 $ 47,373 $ 611 The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019: Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Commercial Commercial and Commercial Consumer Other Total Balance at beginning of period $ 34,903 $ 11,996 $ 6,757 $ 6,178 $ 1,575 $ 61,409 Charge-offs (528) (1,435) — (247) (457) (2,667) Recoveries 6 91 2 344 89 532 Net (Charge-offs)/Recoveries (522) (1,344) 2 97 (368) (2,135) Provision for credit losses (1,545) 2,575 495 296 384 2,205 Balance at End of Period $ 32,836 $ 13,227 $ 7,254 $ 6,571 $ 1,591 $ 61,479 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Commercial Commercial and Commercial Consumer Other Total Balance at beginning of period $ 33,707 $ 11,596 $ 7,983 $ 6,187 $ 1,523 $ 60,996 Charge-offs (529) (6,912) — (410) (840) (8,691) Recoveries 128 508 3 492 189 1,320 Net (Charge-offs)/Recoveries (401) (6,404) 3 82 (651) (7,371) Provision for credit losses (470) 8,035 (732) 302 719 7,854 Balance at End of Period $ 32,836 $ 13,227 $ 7,254 $ 6,571 $ 1,591 $ 61,479 The following tables present the allowance for loan losses and recorded investments in loans by category as of December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 Allowance for Loan Losses Portfolio Loans (dollars in thousands) Individually Collectively Total Individually Collectively Total Commercial real estate $ 2,023 $ 28,554 $ 30,577 $ 47,920 $ 3,368,598 $ 3,416,518 Commercial and industrial 55 15,626 15,681 17,606 1,703,227 1,720,833 Commercial construction 113 7,787 7,900 1,914 373,531 375,445 Consumer real estate — 6,337 6,337 7,884 1,537,439 1,545,323 Other consumer 9 1,720 1,729 13 79,020 79,033 Total $ 2,200 $ 60,024 $ 62,224 $ 75,337 $ 7,061,815 $ 7,137,152 |