INCOME TAXES | INCOME TAXES CCA and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The Company previously adopted the provisions of ASC Subtopic 740-10-25, Uncertain Tax Positions. Management believes that there were no unrecognized tax benefits, or tax positions that would result in uncertainty regarding the deductions taken, as of August 31, 2018 and August 31, 2017 . ASC Subtopic 740-10-25 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. As a result of the enactment by the United States Government of public law 115-97, an Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018 (formerly known as the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017), federal corporate tax rates for periods beginning after January 1, 2018 have been reduced to 21%. The Company's federal rate was previously 34%. The Company values its deferred tax assets and liabilities using the tax rates expected to apply in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company, prior to the enactment of public law 115-97, had valued its deferred tax assets and liabilities at a combined federal and state tax rate of 36.45% . Due to the corporate tax rate change, the Company determined that its deferred tax assets and liabilities should be valued based on an estimated future tax rate of 24.13% , effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of public law 115-97. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of public law 115-97 is incomplete but is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. The change in rate caused the Company to record an additional tax expense as part of the provision for income tax in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. In addition, ASU 2015-17 is effective with the first quarter of fiscal 2018 which requires that all deferred tax assets be classified as long-term. The Company as of November 30, 2017 had $2,079,988 of deferred tax assets that were recorded as a current asset. This amount has been retrospectively reclassified as a non-current asset as of November 30, 2017. The following chart shows the calculation of the previous tax rate and the new tax rate: Previous Rate New Rate Federal rate 34.00 % 21.00 % State rate, net of federal tax benefit 2.45 % 3.13 % Total 36.45 % 24.13 % A portion of the loss carry forward deferred tax asset was valued at a slightly higher blended rate of 25.19% , due to the tax law taking effect on January 1, 2018. The deferred compensation amount is from the issuance of stock options (see Note 12 - Stock-Based Compensation), and will be realized in future years if the options are exercised. At August 31, 2018 and November 30, 2017 , respectively, the Company had temporary differences arising from the following: August 31, 2018 November 30, 2017 Type Amount Deferred Tax Amount Deferred Tax Depreciation $ (468,017 ) $ (112,925 ) $ (378,580 ) $ (137,992 ) Reserve for bad debts 15,368 3,708 6,629 2,416 Reserve for returns 619,185 149,399 246,513 89,854 Accrued returns 110,436 26,646 109,646 39,966 Reserve for obsolete inventory 135,164 32,613 158,269 57,689 Vacation accrual 52,233 12,603 70,856 25,827 Alternative minimum tax carry forward — 103,040 — 122,360 Research and development tax credit — 65,175 — — Deferred Compensation 491,382 118,563 487,061 177,534 Bonus obligation unpaid — — 400,166 145,861 Charitable contributions 242,650 58,548 305,633 111,403 Section 263A costs 208,120 50,216 48,317 17,612 Loss carry forward 24,789,723 5,990,894 24,279,259 8,849,789 Net deferred tax asset $ 26,196,244 $ 6,498,480 $ 25,733,769 $ 9,502,319 Income tax expense (benefit) is made up of the following components: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended August 31, 2018 August 31, 2017 August 31, 2018 August 31, 2017 Current tax - Federal $ — $ 43,875 $ — $ 59,875 Current tax - State & Local 595 312 5,944 6,189 Deferred tax (70,273 ) 310,629 3,023,507 816,846 Total Income Tax (Benefit) Expense $ (69,678 ) $ 354,816 $ 3,029,451 $ 882,910 Prepaid and refundable income taxes are made up of the following components: Prepaid and refundable income taxes Federal State & Total August 31, 2018 $ 20,335 $ 7,449 $ 27,784 November 30, 2017 $ 1,015 $ 37,138 $ 38,153 Income taxes payable are made up of the following components: Income Taxes Payable Federal State & Total August 31, 2018 $ — $ 950 $ 950 A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes computed at the statutory rate to the effective rate for the three months and nine months ended August 31, 2018 , and August 31, 2017 is as follows: Three Months Ended Three Months Ended August 31, 2018 August 31, 2017 Amount Percent of Pretax Income Amount Percent of Pretax Income Provision for income taxes at federal statutory rate $ (57,404 ) 21.00 % $ 249,050 34.00 % Changes in provision for income taxes resulting from: State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit (8,556 ) 3.13 % 21,242 2.90 % Non-deductible expenses and other adjustments (3,718 ) 1.36 % 84,524 11.54 % (Benefit from) Provision for income taxes at effective rate $ (69,678 ) 25.49 % $ 354,816 48.44 % Nine Months Ended Nine Months Ended August 31, 2018 August 31, 2017 Amount Percent of Pretax Income Amount Percent of Pretax Income Provision for (benefit from) income taxes at federal statutory rate $ (144,312 ) 21.00 % $ 729,604 34.00 % Increases in taxes resulting from: State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit (21,509 ) 3.13 % 62,231 2.90 % Change in tax rate related to future deferred tax benefits 3,150,147 (458.40 )% — — % Non-deductible expenses and other adjustments 45,125 (6.57 )% 91,075 4.24 % Provision for income taxes at effective rate $ 3,029,451 (440.84 )% $ 882,910 41.14 % |