ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND CREDIT QUALITY | ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND CREDIT QUALITY The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for expected credit losses. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes that the principal is uncollectable. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Allocations of the allowance are made for specific loans and for pools of similar types of loans, although the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged against the allowance. A provision for credit losses is taken based on management’s ongoing evaluation of the appropriate allowance balance. A formal evaluation of the adequacy of the credit loss allowance is conducted monthly. The ultimate recovery of all loans is susceptible to future market factors beyond the Company’s control. The level of credit loss provision is influenced by growth in the overall loan portfolio, emerging market risk, emerging concentration risk, commercial loan focus and large credit concentration, new industry lending activity, general economic conditions and historical loss analysis. In addition, management gives consideration to changes in the facts and circumstances of watch list credits, which includes the security position of the borrower, in determining the appropriate level of the credit loss provision. Furthermore, management’s overall view on credit quality is a factor in the determination of the provision. The determination of the appropriate allowance is inherently subjective, as it requires significant estimates by management. The Company has an established process to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses that generally includes consideration of changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio and overall portfolio quality, along with current and forecasted economic conditions that may affect borrowers’ ability to repay. Consideration is not limited to these factors although they represent the most commonly cited factors. To determine the specific allocation levels for individual credits, management considers the current valuation of collateral and the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows as the primary measures. Management also considers trends in adversely classified loans based upon an ongoing review of those credits. With respect to pools of similar loans, an appropriate level of general allowance is determined by portfolio segment using a probability of default-loss given default (“PD/LGD”) model, subject to a floor. A default can be triggered by one of several different asset quality factors, including past due status, nonaccrual status, material modification status or if the loan has had a charge-off. This PD is then combined with a LGD derived from historical charge-off data to construct a default rate. This loss rate is then supplemented with adjustments for reasonable and supportable forecasts of relevant economic indicators, particularly the unemployment rate forecast from the Federal Open Market Committee’s Summary of Economic Projections, and other environmental factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These environmental factors include consideration of the following: levels of, and trends in, delinquencies and nonperforming loans; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedure, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations. It is also possible that these factors could include social, political, economic, and terrorist events or activities. All of these factors are susceptible to change, which may be significant. As a result of this detailed process, the allowance results in two forms of allocations, specific and general. These two components represent the total allowance for credit losses deemed adequate to cover probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Commercial loans are subject to a dual standardized grading process administered by the credit administration function. These grade assignments are performed independent of each other and a consensus is reached by credit administration and the loan review officer. Specific allowances are established in cases where management has identified significant conditions or circumstances related to an individual credit that indicate it should be evaluated on an individual basis. Considerations with respect to specific allocations for these individual credits include, but are not limited to, the following: (a) the sufficiency of the customer’s cash flow or net worth to repay the loan; (b) the adequacy of the discounted value of collateral relative to the loan balance; (c) whether the loan has been criticized in a regulatory examination; (d) whether the loan is nonperforming; (e) any other reasons the ultimate collectability of the loan may be in question; or (f) any unique loan characteristics that require special monitoring. Allocations are also applied to categories of loans considered not to be individually analyzed, but for which the rate of loss is expected to be consistent with or greater than historical averages. Such allocations are based on past loss experience and information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values. These general pooled loan allocations are performed for portfolio segments of commercial and industrial; commercial real estate, multi-family, and construction; agri-business and agricultural; other commercial loans; and consumer 1-4 family mortgage and other consumer loans. General allocations of the allowance are determined by a historical loss rate based on the calculation of each pool’s probability of default-loss given default, subject to a floor. The length of the historical period for each pool is based on the average life of the pool, which is updated at least annually. The historical loss rates are supplemented with consideration of economic conditions and portfolio trends. Due to the imprecise nature of estimating the allowance for credit losses, the Company’s allowance for credit losses includes an immaterial unallocated component. The unallocated component of the allowance for credit losses incorporates the Company’s judgmental determination of potential expected losses that may not be fully reflected in other allocations. As a practical expedient, the Company has elected to disclose accrued interest separately from loan principal balances on the consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, when a loan is placed on non-accrual, interest payments are reversed through interest income. For off balance sheet credit exposures outlined in the ASU at 326-20-30-11, it is the Company’s position that nearly all of the unfunded amounts on lines of credit are unconditionally cancellable, and therefore not subject to having a liability recorded. The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the periods ended: (dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily Residential Agri-business and Agricultural Other Commercial Consumer 1-4 Family Mortgage Other Consumer Unallocated Total Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Beginning balance, July 1 $ 39,161 $ 31,687 $ 3,668 $ 820 $ 3,586 $ 1,390 $ 399 $ 80,711 Provision for credit losses 3,498 (355) (254) (86) (16) 308 (36) 3,059 Loans charged-off (72) 0 0 0 (3) (156) 0 (231) Recoveries 18 26 0 0 4 40 0 88 Net loans (charged-off) recovered (54) 26 0 0 1 (116) 0 (143) Ending balance $ 42,605 $ 31,358 $ 3,414 $ 734 $ 3,571 $ 1,582 $ 363 $ 83,627 (dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily Residential Agri-business and Agricultural Other Commercial Consumer 1-4 Family Mortgage Other Consumer Unallocated Total Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Beginning balance, July 1 $ 30,978 $ 30,913 $ 4,402 $ 1,120 $ 3,448 $ 846 $ 351 $ 72,058 Provision for credit losses (167) 230 (139) (102) 197 283 98 400 Loans charged-off (193) 0 0 0 (149) (138) 0 (480) Recoveries 21 12 0 0 3 91 0 127 Net loans (charged-off) recovered (172) 12 0 0 (146) (47) 0 (353) Ending balance $ 30,639 $ 31,155 $ 4,263 $ 1,018 $ 3,499 $ 1,082 $ 449 $ 72,105 (dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily Residential Agri-business and Agricultural Other Commercial Consumer 1-4 Family Mortgage Other Consumer Unallocated Total Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Beginning balance, January 1 $ 30,338 $ 31,335 $ 4,150 $ 1,129 $ 3,474 $ 1,174 $ 372 $ 71,972 Provision for credit losses 12,452 784 (736) (395) 73 890 (9) 13,059 Loans charged-off (278) (840) 0 0 (25) (668) 0 (1,811) Recoveries 93 79 0 0 49 186 0 407 Net loans (charged-off) recovered (185) (761) 0 0 24 (482) 0 (1,404) Ending balance $ 42,605 $ 31,358 $ 3,414 $ 734 $ 3,571 $ 1,582 $ 363 $ 83,627 (dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily Residential Agri-business and Agricultural Other Commercial Consumer 1-4 Family Mortgage Other Consumer Unallocated Total Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Beginning balance, January 1 $ 35,290 $ 27,394 $ 4,429 $ 917 $ 3,001 $ 1,021 $ 554 $ 72,606 Provision for credit losses 1,065 3,465 (166) 101 642 548 (105) 5,550 Loans charged-off (5,844) 0 0 0 (163) (759) 0 (6,766) Recoveries 128 296 0 0 19 272 0 715 Net loans (charged-off) recovered (5,716) 296 0 0 (144) (487) 0 (6,051) Ending balance $ 30,639 $ 31,155 $ 4,263 $ 1,018 $ 3,499 $ 1,082 $ 449 $ 72,105 Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes commercial loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis for Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful grade loans and annually on Pass grade loans over $250,000. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention. Loans classified as Special Mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date. Substandard. Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans are considered to be "Pass" rated when they are reviewed as part of the previously described process and do not meet the criteria above, which are evaluated and listed with Substandard commercial grade loans and consumer nonaccrual loans, which are evaluated individually and listed with “Not Rated” loans. Loans listed as Not Rated are consumer loans or commercial loans with consumer characteristics included in groups of homogenous loans which are analyzed for credit quality indicators utilizing delinquency status. The following table summarizes the risk category of loans by loan segment and year of origination as of September 30, 2024: (dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Term Total Revolving Total Commercial and industrial loans: Working capital lines of credit loans: Pass $ 0 $ 141 $ 1,730 $ 1,824 $ 773 $ 0 $ 4,468 $ 556,307 $ 560,775 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,662 49,662 Substandard 0 0 1,011 0 245 269 1,525 22,855 24,380 Doubtful 0 3,090 39,994 0 0 0 43,084 0 43,084 Total 0 3,231 42,735 1,824 1,018 269 49,077 628,824 677,901 Working capital lines of credit loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 94 0 0 0 94 136 230 Non-working capital loans: Pass 111,883 164,110 173,692 67,117 38,804 32,074 587,680 182,203 769,883 Special Mention 2,998 2,783 9,670 1,892 441 3,014 20,798 6,753 27,551 Substandard 0 3,269 1,608 134 4,400 673 10,084 467 10,551 Doubtful 0 227 0 540 416 0 1,183 0 1,183 Not Rated 1,101 1,809 1,265 506 455 46 5,182 0 5,182 Total 115,982 172,198 186,235 70,189 44,516 35,807 624,927 189,423 814,350 Non-working capital loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 48 Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans: Construction and land development loans: Pass 26,122 78,524 6,339 46,776 0 153 157,914 566,886 724,800 Special Mention 603 0 0 0 0 0 603 1,832 2,435 Total 26,725 78,524 6,339 46,776 0 153 158,517 568,718 727,235 Construction and land development loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Owner occupied loans: Pass 48,999 138,425 124,911 144,352 119,933 138,956 715,576 58,462 774,038 Special Mention 6,404 1,501 14,942 3,330 626 3,436 30,239 0 30,239 Substandard 0 329 0 3,545 1,462 323 5,659 0 5,659 Total 55,403 140,255 139,853 151,227 122,021 142,715 751,474 58,462 809,936 Owner occupied loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 840 840 0 840 Nonowner occupied loans: Pass (continued) 108,277 123,755 152,690 107,647 121,272 80,108 693,749 50,584 744,333 Special Mention 0 15,790 109 5,967 0 0 21,866 0 21,866 Nonowner occupied loans: Total 108,277 139,545 152,799 113,614 121,272 80,108 715,615 50,584 766,199 Nonowner occupied loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Multifamily loans: Pass 39,959 61,825 21,799 8,868 29,457 7,714 169,622 28,061 197,683 Special Mention 42,750 0 311 0 0 2,193 45,254 0 45,254 Total 82,709 61,825 22,110 8,868 29,457 9,907 214,876 28,061 242,937 Multifamily loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Agri-business and agricultural loans: Loans secured by farmland: Pass 8,437 22,063 30,104 23,670 25,940 21,147 131,361 25,973 157,334 Substandard 0 0 0 0 0 80 80 0 80 Total 8,437 22,063 30,104 23,670 25,940 21,227 131,441 25,973 157,414 Loans secured by farmland: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Loans for agricultural production: Pass 14,238 28,084 21,946 24,986 22,259 3,807 115,320 85,084 200,404 Special Mention 0 0 0 171 0 0 171 500 671 Total 14,238 28,084 21,946 25,157 22,259 3,807 115,491 85,584 201,075 Loans for agricultural production: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other commercial loans: Pass 6,715 10,648 30,858 3,661 11,851 5,711 69,444 22,872 92,316 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 1,900 1,900 0 1,900 Total 6,715 10,648 30,858 3,661 11,851 7,611 71,344 22,872 94,216 Other commercial loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans: Closed end first mortgage loans: Pass 9,358 10,486 9,391 11,531 6,485 5,381 52,632 6,217 58,849 Special Mention 124 228 167 66 0 0 585 0 585 Substandard 0 86 322 90 0 219 717 0 717 Not Rated (continued) 18,866 58,659 47,720 34,711 16,226 24,767 200,949 0 200,949 Total 28,348 69,459 57,600 46,398 22,711 30,367 254,883 6,217 261,100 Closed end first mortgage loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Open end and junior lien loans: Pass 47 751 0 451 0 5 1,254 11,476 12,730 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 315 0 315 0 315 Substandard 0 105 0 18 0 81 204 180 384 Not Rated 17,554 18,349 20,546 5,571 822 3,043 65,885 132,942 198,827 Total 17,601 19,205 20,546 6,040 1,137 3,129 67,658 144,598 212,256 Open end and junior lien loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 22 0 0 0 22 3 25 Residential construction loans: Not Rated 5,602 2,790 2,097 1,410 777 1,432 14,108 0 14,108 Total 5,602 2,790 2,097 1,410 777 1,432 14,108 0 14,108 Residential construction loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other consumer loans: Pass 78 979 254 1,011 40 0 2,362 18,308 20,670 Special Mention 0 0 475 0 184 0 659 0 659 Substandard 0 181 44 86 17 0 328 0 328 Not Rated 19,849 24,849 13,148 7,327 4,145 2,063 71,381 10,225 81,606 Total 19,927 26,009 13,921 8,424 4,386 2,063 74,730 28,533 103,263 Other consumer loans: Current period gross write offs 4 229 158 28 0 26 445 223 668 Total Loans $ 489,964 $ 773,836 $ 727,143 $ 507,258 $ 407,345 $ 338,595 $ 3,244,141 $ 1,837,849 $ 5,081,990 Total period gross write offs $ 4 $ 229 $ 274 $ 28 $ 0 $ 866 $ 1,401 $ 410 $ 1,811 As of September 30, 2024, $1.2 million in PPP loans were included in the "Pass" category of non-working capital commercial and industrial loans. These loans were included in this risk rating category because they are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration ("SBA"). The following table summarizes the risk category of loans by loan segment and year of origination as of December 31, 2023: (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Term Total Revolving Total Commercial and industrial loans: Working capital lines of credit loans: Pass $ 193 $ 1,876 $ 2,214 $ 1,132 $ 0 $ 50 $ 5,465 $ 532,086 $ 537,551 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,498 46,498 Substandard 0 200 0 0 125 0 325 20,516 20,841 Total 193 2,076 2,214 1,132 125 50 5,790 599,100 604,890 Working capital lines of credit loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 75 0 139 0 214 327 541 Non-working capital loans: Pass 199,071 224,333 85,273 49,999 28,773 10,501 597,950 171,264 769,214 Special Mention 4,038 9,577 1,051 2,498 2,306 4,298 23,768 5,477 29,245 Substandard 3,754 1,612 683 3,892 51 218 10,210 397 10,607 Not Rated 2,585 1,999 881 707 162 18 6,352 0 6,352 Total 209,448 237,521 87,888 57,096 31,292 15,035 638,280 177,138 815,418 Non-working capital loans: Current period gross write offs 0 5,445 0 178 129 0 5,752 48 5,800 Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans: Construction and land development loans: Pass 50,693 15,558 17,655 0 177 0 84,083 547,570 631,653 Total 50,693 15,558 17,655 0 177 0 84,083 547,570 631,653 Construction and land development loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Owner occupied loans: Pass 144,411 132,850 156,680 132,407 61,415 118,406 746,169 40,288 786,457 Special Mention 7,597 686 4,913 0 1,394 2,245 16,835 14,739 31,574 Substandard 362 250 3,325 1,474 345 1,161 6,917 0 6,917 Total 152,370 133,786 164,918 133,881 63,154 121,812 769,921 55,027 824,948 Owner occupied loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nonowner occupied loans: Pass 123,633 158,415 112,582 134,050 87,288 66,755 682,723 27,860 710,583 Nonowner occupied loans (continued): Special Mention 4,503 0 6,257 0 0 2,246 13,006 0 13,006 Total 128,136 158,415 118,839 134,050 87,288 69,001 695,729 27,860 723,589 Nonowner occupied loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Multifamily loans: Pass 90,954 23,315 9,042 35,648 13,971 14,609 187,539 45,987 233,526 Special Mention 19,671 0 0 0 0 0 19,671 0 19,671 Total 110,625 23,315 9,042 35,648 13,971 14,609 207,210 45,987 253,197 Multifamily loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Agri-business and agricultural loans: Loans secured by farmland: Pass 24,503 32,060 25,308 27,924 9,104 19,160 138,059 24,724 162,783 Substandard 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 100 Total 24,503 32,060 25,308 27,924 9,104 19,260 138,159 24,724 162,883 Loans secured by farmland: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Loans for agricultural production: Pass 28,657 13,589 27,175 25,504 3,533 10,429 108,887 116,406 225,293 Special Mention 0 0 187 0 0 0 187 500 687 Total 28,657 13,589 27,362 25,504 3,533 10,429 109,074 116,906 225,980 Loans for agricultural production: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other commercial loans: Pass 7,058 26,918 33,247 13,684 90 7,332 88,329 29,819 118,148 Special Mention 0 0 0 0 0 2,419 2,419 0 2,419 Total 7,058 26,918 33,247 13,684 90 9,751 90,748 29,819 120,567 Other commercial loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans: Closed end first mortgage loans: Pass 9,910 10,541 12,486 8,614 3,924 4,625 50,100 8,330 58,430 Special Mention 0 0 0 519 0 0 519 0 519 Substandard 87 0 96 123 0 253 559 0 559 Not Rated 64,233 51,018 38,014 17,432 4,314 23,225 198,236 0 198,236 Closed end first mortgage loans (continued): Total 74,230 61,559 50,596 26,688 8,238 28,103 249,414 8,330 257,744 Closed end first mortgage loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Open end and junior lien loans: Pass 557 137 491 335 0 6 1,526 8,689 10,215 Substandard 108 0 23 0 26 48 205 68 273 Not Rated 24,792 29,648 8,471 1,554 2,286 1,962 68,713 112,371 181,084 Total 25,457 29,785 8,985 1,889 2,312 2,016 70,444 121,128 191,572 Open end and junior lien loans: Current period gross write offs 0 50 14 0 0 0 64 99 163 Residential construction loans: Not Rated 1,525 2,982 1,515 839 263 1,220 8,344 0 8,344 Total 1,525 2,982 1,515 839 263 1,220 8,344 0 8,344 Residential construction loans: Current period gross write offs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other consumer loans: Pass 1,082 789 1,391 301 0 0 3,563 11,894 15,457 Substandard 40 34 35 0 2 0 111 0 111 Not Rated 32,481 17,585 9,994 6,008 1,611 1,957 69,636 10,545 80,181 Total 33,603 18,408 11,420 6,309 1,613 1,957 73,310 22,439 95,749 Other consumer loans: Current period gross write offs 16 258 90 8 212 1 585 243 828 Total loans $ 846,498 $ 755,972 $ 558,989 $ 464,644 $ 221,160 $ 293,243 $ 3,140,506 $ 1,776,028 $ 4,916,534 Total current period gross write offs $ 16 $ 5,753 $ 179 $ 186 $ 480 $ 1 $ 6,615 $ 717 $ 7,332 As of December 31, 2023, $1.3 million in PPP loans were included in the "Pass" category of non-working capital commercial and industrial loans. These loans were included in this risk rating category because they are fully guaranteed by the SBA. Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans: The Company does not record interest on nonaccrual loans until principal is recovered. For all loan classes, a loan is generally placed on nonaccrual status when principal or interest becomes 90 days past due unless it is well secured and in the process of collection, or earlier when concern exists as to the ultimate collectability of principal or interest. Interest accrued but not received is reversed against earnings. Cash interest received on these loans is applied to the principal balance until the principal is recovered or until the loan returns to accrual status. Loans may be returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, remain current for a prescribed period, and future payments are reasonably assured. The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in past due loans as of September 30, 2024 by class of loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan: (dollars in thousands) Loans Not Past Due 30-89 Days Past Due Greater than 89 Days Past Due and Accruing Total Accruing Total Nonaccrual Nonaccrual With No Allowance For Credit Loss Total Commercial and industrial loans: Working capital lines of credit loans $ 632,488 $ 0 $ 0 $ 632,488 $ 45,413 $ 596 $ 677,901 Non-working capital loans 805,427 97 0 805,524 8,826 86 814,350 Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans: Construction and land development loans 727,235 0 0 727,235 0 0 727,235 Owner occupied loans 808,145 0 0 808,145 1,791 329 809,936 Nonowner occupied loans 766,199 0 0 766,199 0 0 766,199 Multifamily loans 242,937 0 0 242,937 0 0 242,937 Agri-business and agricultural loans: Loans secured by farmland 157,334 0 0 157,334 80 0 157,414 Loans for agricultural production 201,075 0 0 201,075 0 0 201,075 Other commercial loans 94,216 0 0 94,216 0 0 94,216 Consumer 1‑4 family mortgage loans: Closed end first mortgage loans 260,271 86 26 260,383 717 170 261,100 Open end and junior lien loans 211,534 269 69 211,872 384 384 212,256 Residential construction loans 14,108 0 0 14,108 0 0 14,108 Other consumer loans 102,560 375 0 102,935 328 17 103,263 Total $ 5,023,529 $ 827 $ 95 $ 5,024,451 $ 57,539 $ 1,582 $ 5,081,990 An insignificant amount of interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans during the nine month period ended September 30, 2024. The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in past due loans as of December 31, 2023 by class of loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan: (dollars in thousands) Loans Not Past Due 30-89 Days Past Due Greater than 89 Days Past Due and Accruing Total Accruing Total Nonaccrual Nonaccrual With No Allowance For Credit Loss Total Commercial and industrial loans: Working capital lines of credit loans $ 602,236 $ 0 $ 0 $ 602,236 $ 2,654 $ 0 $ 604,890 Non-working capital loans 805,305 1,372 0 806,677 8,741 244 815,418 Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans: Construction and land development loans 631,653 0 0 631,653 0 0 631,653 Owner occupied loans 821,701 0 0 821,701 3,247 1,161 824,948 Nonowner occupied loans 723,589 0 0 723,589 0 0 723,589 Multifamily loans 253,197 0 0 253,197 0 0 253,197 Agri-business and agricultural loans: Loans secured by farmland 162,783 0 0 162,783 100 0 162,883 Loans for agricultural production 225,980 0 0 225,980 0 0 225,980 Other commercial loans 120,567 0 0 120,567 0 0 120,567 Consumer 1‑4 family mortgage loans: Closed end first mortgage loans 256,016 1,142 27 257,185 559 329 257,744 Open end and junior lien loans 190,956 344 0 191,300 272 164 191,572 Residential construction loans 8,344 0 0 8,344 0 0 8,344 Other consumer loans 95,135 502 0 95,637 112 3 95,749 Total $ 4,897,462 $ 3,360 $ 27 $ 4,900,849 $ 15,685 $ 1,901 $ 4,916,534 An insignificant amount of interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans during the year ended December 31, 2023. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses for collateral dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the loan is expected to be repaid substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The class of loan represents the primary collateral type associated with the loan. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraisal value. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by class of loan as of: September 30, 2024 (dollars in thousands) Real Estate General Other Total Commercial and industrial loans: Working capital lines of credit loans $ 50 $ 61,463 $ 449 $ 61,962 Non-working capital loans 285 9,319 79 9,683 Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans: Owner occupied loans 323 3,925 0 4,248 Agri-business and agricultural loans: Loans secured by farmland 0 80 0 80 Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans: Closed end first mortgage loans 717 0 0 717 Open end and junior lien loans 384 0 0 384 Residential construction and land development loans 0 0 0 0 Other consumer loans 0 0 183 183 Total $ 1,759 $ 74,787 $ 711 $ 77,257 December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Real Estate General Other Total Commercial and industrial loans: Working capital lines of credit loans $ 50 $ 2,454 $ 0 $ 2,504 Non-working capital loans 40 8,202 400 8,642 Commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans: Owner occupied loans 595 1,474 1,161 3,230 Agri-business and agricultural loans: Loans secured by farmland 0 100 0 100 Consumer 1-4 family mortgage loans: Closed end first mortgage loans 559 0 0 559 Open end and junior lien loans 164 0 0 164 Other consumer loans 0 0 112 112 Total $ 1,408 $ 12,230 $ 1,673 $ 15,311 Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses using historical loss information. The Company uses a probability of default/loss given default model to determine an estimate which is recorded for each asset upon origination. Occasionally, the Company has reason to modify certain terms of loans for borrowers experiencing financial distress by providing the following forms of relief: forgiveness of loan principal, extension of repayment terms, interest rate reduction or an other than insignificant payment delay. The Company can make any or all of these types of concessions as part of such modifications. Since an estimate for historical losses is already included as a component of the allowance for credit losses, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded at the time of such modifications unless the loan is individually analyzed and the modification changes the specific reserve allocation. In the event forgiveness of principal is provided, the amount of the forgiveness is charged off against the allowance for credit losses. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no material modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing financial difficulty and received a modification of terms during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, by class and type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivables is also presented below: (dollars in thousands) Interest Rate Reduction Combination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Delay Combination Principal Forgiveness, Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Modifications Total Class of Financing Receivable Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial loans: Working capital lines of credit loans $ 931 $ 0 $ 0 $ 931 0.16 % Non-working capital loans 0 2,000 0 2,000 0.25 Total commercial and industrial loans 931 2,000 0 2,931 0.21 Total loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty $ 931 $ 2,000 $ 0 $ 2,931 0.06 % (dollars in thousands) Interest Rate Reduction Combination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Delay Combination Principal Forgiveness, Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Modifications Total Class of Financing Receivable Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial loans: Working capital lines of credit loans $ 931 $ 0 $ 0 $ 931 0.16 % Non-working capital loans 0 2,000 1,596 3,596 0.44 Total commercial and industrial loans 931 2,000 1,596 4,527 0.32 Total loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty $ 931 $ 2,000 $ 1,596 $ 4,527 0.09 % The following tables present the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023: (dollars in thousands) Principal Forgiveness Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Term Extension Payment Delay Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial loans: Working capital lines of credit loans $ 0 7.50 % None None Non-working capital loans 0 8.50 180 months Extension of payment terms from monthly variable rate interest only payments with balloon payment at end of term to fully amortizing ten Total $ 0 8.15 % 70 months (dollars in thousands) Principal Forgiveness Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Term Extension Payment Delay Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial loans: Working capital lines of credit loans $ 0 7.50 % None None Non-working capital loans (1) 9,380 7.87 58 months Extension of payment terms from fully amortizing variable rate 40 month term to 60 month fixed rate term with 480 month amortization schedule, monthly interest and semiannual principal payments, and excess cash flow recapture provisions Extension of payment terms from monthly variable rate interest only payments with balloon payment at end of term to fully amortizing ten Total $ 9,380 7.84 % 44 months (1) Principal forgiveness of $9.4 million represents one $11.0 million non-working capital loan, of which $9.3 million was charged off. The Company closely monitors the performanc |