Loan Quality and Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 6. Loan Quality Management utilizes a risk rating scale ranging from 1-Prime to 9-Loss to evaluate loan quality. This risk rating scale is used primarily for commercial purpose loans. Consumer purpose loans are identified as either a pass or substandard rating based on the performance status of the loans. Substandard consumer loans are loans that are nonaccrual or 90 days or more past due and still accruing. Loans rated 1 – 4 are considered pass credits. Loans that are rated 5 are pass credits, but have been identified as credits that are likely to warrant additional attention and monitoring. Loans rated 6- OAEM or worse begin to receive enhanced monitoring and reporting by the Bank. Loans rated 7-Substandard or 8-Doubtful exhibit the greatest financial weakness and present the greatest possible risk of loss to the Bank. Nonaccrual loans are rated no better than 7-Substandard. The following factors represent some of the factors used in determining the risk rating of a borrower: cash flow, debt coverage, liquidity, management, and collateral. Risk ratings, for pass credits, are generally reviewed annually for term debt and at renewal for revolving or renewing debt. The following table reports on the risk rating for those loans in the portfolio that are assigned an individual risk rating as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful (Dollars in thousands) (1-5) (6) (7) (8) Total December 31, 2019 Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 142,847 $ — $ 99 $ — $ 142,946 Junior liens and lines of credit 47,520 — 77 — 47,597 Total 190,367 — 176 — 190,543 Residential real estate - construction 12,800 — 523 — 13,323 Commercial real estate 483,878 5,875 4,509 — 494,262 Commercial 229,465 4 538 — 230,007 Consumer 6,440 — — — 6,440 Total $ 922,950 $ 5,879 $ 5,746 $ — $ 934,575 December 31, 2018 Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 148,453 $ — $ 447 $ — $ 148,900 Junior liens and lines of credit 47,171 — 49 — 47,220 Total 195,624 — 496 — 196,120 Residential real estate - construction 9,572 — 653 — 10,225 Commercial real estate 479,969 660 7,351 — 487,980 Commercial 272,959 — 1,095 — 274,054 Consumer 4,991 — 5 — 4,996 Total $ 963,115 $ 660 $ 9,600 $ — $ 973,375 Delinquent loans are a result of borrowers’ cash flow and/or alternative sources of cash being insufficient to repay loans. The Bank’s likelihood of collateral liquidation to repay the loans becomes more probable the further behind a borrower falls, particularly when loans reach 90 days or more past due. Management monitors the performance status of loans by the use of an aging report. The aging report can provide an early indicator of loans that may become severely delinquent and possibly result in a loss to the Bank. The following table presents the aging of payments in the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (Dollars in thousands) Loans Past Due and Still Accruing Total Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days+ Total Non-Accrual Loans December 31, 2019 Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 141,843 $ 646 $ 358 $ 31 $ 1,035 $ 68 $ 142,946 Junior liens and lines of credit 47,420 70 30 46 146 31 47,597 Total 189,263 716 388 77 1,181 99 190,543 Residential real estate - construction 12,800 — — — — 523 13,323 Commercial real estate 490,114 813 326 — 1,139 3,009 494,262 Commercial 229,659 31 120 — 151 197 230,007 Consumer 6,397 25 18 — 43 — 6,440 Total $ 928,233 $ 1,585 $ 852 $ 77 $ 2,514 $ 3,828 $ 934,575 December 31, 2018 Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 148,183 $ 322 $ 202 $ 113 $ 637 $ 80 $ 148,900 Junior liens and lines of credit 47,040 131 — 26 157 23 47,220 Total 195,223 453 202 139 794 103 196,120 Residential real estate - construction 9,572 — 198 — 198 455 10,225 Commercial real estate 481,774 1,343 3,323 113 4,779 1,427 487,980 Commercial 273,534 65 40 100 205 315 274,054 Consumer 4,933 46 12 5 63 — 4,996 Total $ 965,036 $ 1,907 $ 3,775 $ 357 $ 6,039 $ 2,300 $ 973,375 Impaired loans generally represent Management’s determination that the borrower will be unable to repay the loan in accordance with its contractual terms and that collateral liquidation may or may not fully repay both interest and principal. It is the Bank’s policy to evaluate the probable collectability of principal and interest due under terms of loan contracts for all loans 90-days or more, nonaccrual loans, or impaired loans. Further, it is the Bank’s policy to discontinue accruing interest on loans that are not adequately secured and in the process of collection. Upon determination of nonaccrual status, the Bank subtracts any current year accrued and unpaid interest from its income, and any prior year accrued and unpaid interest from the allowance for loan losses. Management continually monitors the status of nonperforming loans, the value of any collateral and potential of risk of loss. Commercial loans are charge-off immediately upon identification of a loss. If a loan (commercial or mortgage) is collateral dependent (repayment provided solely by the collateral), the value of the collateral is determined and a partial charge-off may be recorded. Consumer loans are charged-off no later than 180 days past due. At December 31, 201 9 , the Bank had $41 thousand of residential properties in the process of foreclosure compared to $129 thousand at the end of 201 8 . Interest not recognized on nonaccrual loans was $304 thousand and $108 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively . In addition to monitoring nonaccrual loans, the Bank als o closely monitors impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings. A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all interest and principal payments due according to the originally contracted terms of the loan agreement. Nonaccrual loans, excluding consumer purpose loans, and troubled-debt restructuring (TDR) loans are considered impaired. Commercial loans with a balance less than $250 thousand, and all consumer purpose loans are not included in the specific reserve analysis as impaired loans, but are added to the general allocation pool . Impaired loans totaled $12.2 million at December 31, 201 9 compared to $11.9 million at December 31, 201 8 . The following tables present information on impaired loans: Impaired Loans With No Allowance With Allowance (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Unpaid Recorded Principal Recorded Principal Related December 31, 2019 Investment Balance Investment Balance Allowance Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 659 $ 659 $ — $ — $ — Junior liens and lines of credit — — — — — Total 659 659 — — — Residential real estate - construction 523 729 — — — Commercial real estate 10,994 12,096 — — — Commercial — — — — — Total $ 12,176 $ 13,484 $ — $ — $ — December 31, 2018 Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 871 $ 958 $ — $ — $ — Junior liens and lines of credit 49 49 — — — Total 920 1,007 — — — Residential real estate - construction 455 531 — — — Commercial real estate 10,236 10,808 — — — Commercial 315 9,763 — — — Total $ 11,926 $ 22,109 $ — $ — $ — Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Average Interest Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Recognized Investment Recognized Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 668 $ 39 $ 914 $ 45 Junior liens and lines of credit — — 85 1 Total 668 39 999 46 Residential real estate - construction 619 — 462 — Commercial real estate 13,319 397 10,809 417 Commercial — — 4,329 — Total $ 14,606 $ 436 $ 16,599 $ 463 A loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) if the creditor (the Bank), for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. These concessions may include lowering the interest rate, extending the maturity, reamortization of payment, or a combination of multiple concessions. The Bank reviews all loans rated 6 -OAEM or worse when it is providing a loan restructure, modification or new credit facility to determine if the action is a TDR. If a TDR loan is placed on nonaccrual status, it remains on nonaccrual status for at least six months to ensure performance. The cash basis income recognized is the same as the accrual basis income. The following table presents TDR loans as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: Troubled Debt Restructurings Within the Last 12 Months That Have Defaulted (Dollars in thousands) Troubled Debt Restructurings on Modified Terms Number of Recorded Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Performing* Nonperforming* Contracts Investment December 31, 2019 Residential real estate - construction 1 $ 444 $ 444 $ — — $ — Residential real estate 4 659 659 — — — Commercial real estate 11 9,343 9,343 — — — Total 16 $ 10,446 $ 10,446 $ — — $ — December 31, 2018 Residential real estate - construction 1 $ 455 $ — $ 455 — $ — Residential real estate 4 678 678 — — — Commercial real estate 11 10,099 8,809 1,290 — — Total 16 $ 11,232 $ 9,487 $ 1,745 — $ — * The performing status is determined by the loan’s compliance with the modified terms. There were no new TDR loans made during the years ended December 31, 201 9 and 201 8 . Allowance for Loan Losses: Management monitors loan performance on a monthly basis and performs a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses (ALL). The ALL is determined by segmenting the loan portfolio based on the loan’s collateral. When calculating the ALL, consideration is given to a variety of factors in establishing this estimate including, but not limited to, current economic conditions, diversification of the loan portfolio, delinquency statistics, results of internal loan reviews, historical charge-offs, the adequacy of the underlying collateral (if collateral dependent) and other relevant factors. The Bank begins enhanced monitoring of all loans rated 6 –OAEM or worse, and obtains a new appraisal or asset valuation for any placed on nonaccrual and rated 7 - Substandard or worse. Management, at its discretion, may determine that additional adjustments to the appraisal or valuation are required. Valuation adjustments will be made as necessary based on factors, including, but not limited to: the economy, deferred maintenance, industry, type of property/equipment, age of the appraisal, etc. and the knowledge Management has about a particular situation. In addition, the cost to sell or liquidate the collateral is also estimated and deducted from the valuation in order to determine the net realizable value to the Bank. When determining the allowance for loan losses, certain factors involved in the evaluation are inherently subjective and require material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change, including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans. Management monitors the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses on an ongoing basis and reports its adequacy quarterly to the Credit Risk Oversight Committee of the Board of Directors. Management believes that the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2019 is adequate. The following table shows the activity in the Allowance for Loan Loss (ALL), for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 . Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First Junior Liens & Commercial (Dollars in thousands) Liens Lines of Credit Construction Real Estate Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total ALL at December 31, 2017 $ 1,060 $ 330 $ 224 $ 6,526 $ 2,110 $ 105 $ 1,437 $ 11,792 Charge-offs — — — — (9,482) (107) — (9,589) Recoveries 2 8 — 60 157 31 — 258 Provision (571) (205) (116) (888) 11,726 41 (33) 9,954 ALL at December 31, 2018 $ 491 $ 133 $ 108 $ 5,698 $ 4,511 $ 70 $ 1,404 $ 12,415 ALL at December 31, 2018 $ 491 $ 133 $ 108 $ 5,698 $ 4,511 $ 70 $ 1,404 $ 12,415 Charge-offs (52) (12) (123) (564) (93) (125) — (969) Recoveries 5 1 — 72 170 35 — 283 Provision (28) (3) 199 816 (773) 104 (78) 237 ALL at December 31, 2019 $ 416 $ 119 $ 184 $ 6,022 $ 3,815 $ 84 $ 1,326 $ 11,966 The following table shows the loans that were evaluated for the Allowance for Loan Loss (ALL) under a specific reserve (individually) and those that were evaluated under a general reserve (collectively), and the amount of the allowance established in each category as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 : Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First Junior Liens & Commercial (Dollars in thousands) Liens Lines of Credit Construction Real Estate Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total December 31, 2019 Loans evaluated for ALL: Individually $ 659 $ — $ 523 $ 10,994 $ — $ — $ — $ 12,176 Collectively 142,287 47,597 12,800 483,268 230,007 6,440 — 922,399 Total $ 142,946 $ 47,597 $ 13,323 $ 494,262 $ 230,007 $ 6,440 $ — $ 934,575 ALL established for loans evaluated: Individually $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively 416 119 184 6,022 3,815 84 1,326 11,966 ALL at December 31, 2019 $ 416 $ 119 $ 184 $ 6,022 $ 3,815 $ 84 $ 1,326 $ 11,966 December 31, 2018 Loans evaluated for ALL: Individually $ 405 $ — $ 455 $ 10,099 $ 181 $ — $ — $ 11,140 Collectively 148,495 47,220 9,770 477,881 273,873 4,996 — 962,235 Total $ 148,900 $ 47,220 $ 10,225 $ 487,980 $ 274,054 $ 4,996 $ — $ 973,375 ALL established for loans evaluated: Individually $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively 491 133 108 5,698 4,511 70 1,404 12,415 ALL at December 31, 2018 $ 491 $ 133 $ 108 $ 5,698 $ 4,511 $ 70 $ 1,404 $ 12,415 |