Loan Quality And Allowance For Credit Losses | Note 6. Loan Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. Management utilizes a risk rating scale ranging from 1-Prime to 9-Loss to evaluate loan quality. This risk rating scale is used primarily for commercial purpose loans. Consumer purpose loans are identified as either performing or nonperforming based on the payment status of the loans. Nonperforming consumer loans are loans that are nonaccrual or 90 days or more past due and still accruing. The Bank uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass (1-5 ): are considered pass credits with lower or average risk and are not otherwise classified. OAEM (6) : Loans classified as OAEM have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the borrower’s credit position at some future date. Substandard (7) : Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful (8) : Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not included in the pool evaluation. When management determines that foreclosure is probable or when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the reporting date and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral, the expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for any discounts and selling costs as appropriate. Management monitors loan performance on a monthly basis and performs a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the Allowance for Credit Loss for loans (ACL). The Bank begins enhanced monitoring of all loans rated 6–OAEM or worse and obtains a new appraisal or asset valuation for any loans placed on nonaccrual and rated 7 - Substandard or worse. Management, at its discretion, may determine that additional adjustments to the appraisal or valuation are required. Valuation adjustments will be made as necessary based on factors, including, but not limited to: the economy, deferred maintenance, industry, type of property/equipment, age of the appraisal, etc. and the knowledge Management has about a particular situation. In addition, the cost to sell or liquidate the collateral is also estimated and deducted from the valuation in order to determine the net realizable value to the Bank. When determining the ACL, certain factors involved in the evaluation are inherently subjective and require material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change, including the amounts and timing of future cash flows. Management monitors the adequacy of the ACL on an ongoing basis and reports its adequacy quarterly to the Enterprise Risk Management Committee of the Board of Directors. Management believes the ACL at December 31, 2023 is adequate. The following table presents loans by year of origination and internally assigned risk ratings: (Dollars in thousands) Revolving Revolving Term Loans Loans Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted As of December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Residential real estate 1-4 family: Commercial: Risk rating: Pass (1-5) $ 9,867 $ 9,088 $ 11,038 $ 9,691 $ 2,433 $ 22,906 $ 2,057 $ — $ 67,080 OAEM (6) — — — — — — — — — Substandard (7) — — — — — — — — — Doubtful (8) — — — — — — — — — Total Commercial 9,867 9,088 11,038 9,691 2,433 22,906 2,057 — 67,080 Consumer: Performing 53,128 34,136 15,625 10,245 5,222 28,423 43,968 20,022 210,769 Nonperforming — — — — — — — — — Total Consumer 53,128 34,136 15,625 10,245 5,222 28,423 43,968 20,022 210,769 Total $ 62,995 $ 43,224 $ 26,663 $ 19,936 $ 7,655 $ 51,329 $ 46,025 $ 20,022 $ 277,849 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Residential real estate construction: Commercial: Risk rating: Pass (1-5) $ 6,845 $ 2,209 $ 1,289 $ 214 $ — $ 1,506 $ — $ — $ 12,063 OAEM (6) — — — — — — — — — Substandard (7) — — — — — — — — — Doubtful (8) — — — — — — — — — Total Commercial 6,845 2,209 1,289 214 — 1,506 — — 12,063 Consumer: Performing 13,837 — — — — — — — 13,837 Nonperforming — — — — — — — — — Total Consumer 13,837 — — — — — — — 13,837 Total $ 20,682 $ 2,209 $ 1,289 $ 214 $ — $ 1,506 $ — $ — $ 25,900 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate: Risk rating: Pass (1-5) $ 180,052 $ 110,886 $ 98,540 $ 34,307 $ 38,603 $ 214,179 $ 10,567 $ — $ 687,134 OAEM (6) 2,955 1,350 1,000 6,823 — 2,182 139 — 14,449 Substandard (7) — — — — — 2,134 50 — 2,184 Doubtful (8) — — — — — — — — — Total $ 183,007 $ 112,236 $ 99,540 $ 41,130 $ 38,603 $ 218,495 $ 10,756 $ — $ 703,767 Current period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial: Risk rating: Pass (1-5) $ 34,851 $ 33,983 $ 45,754 $ 22,847 $ 3,579 $ 64,542 $ 36,508 $ — $ 242,064 OAEM (6) — — — — — — — — — Substandard (7) — 317 — — — — 273 — 590 Doubtful (8) — — — — — — — — — Total $ 34,851 $ 34,300 $ 45,754 $ 22,847 $ 3,579 $ 64,542 $ 36,781 $ — $ 242,654 Current period gross charge-offs $ ( 125 ) $ — $ ( 130 ) $ — $ — $ — $ ( 50 ) $ — $ ( 305 ) Consumer: Performing 1,863 669 1,985 148 80 5 2,060 — 6,810 Nonperforming — — — — — — 5 — 5 Total $ 1,863 $ 669 $ 1,985 $ 148 $ 80 $ 5 $ 2,065 $ — $ 6,815 Current period gross charge-offs $ ( 63 ) $ — $ ( 10 ) $ ( 2 ) $ ( 6 ) $ — $ ( 36 ) $ — $ ( 117 ) The following presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due over 90 days and still accruing as of December 31, 2023: (Dollars in thousands) Nonaccrual and Loans Past Due Over 90 Days+ Loans Past Due Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Over 90 Days Without ACL With ACL Still Accruing December 31, 2023 Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ — $ — $ — Junior liens and lines of credit — — — Total — — — Residential real estate - construction — — — Commercial real estate — — — Commercial 147 — — Consumer — — 5 Total $ 147 $ — $ 5 The following table reports on the risk rating for those loans in the portfolio that are assigned an individual risk rating as of December 31, 2022: Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful (Dollars in thousands) (1-5) (6) (7) (8) Total December 31, 2022 Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 146,748 $ — $ 120 $ — $ 146,868 Junior liens and lines of credit 73,688 — — — 73,688 Total 220,436 — 120 — 220,556 Residential real estate - construction 24,393 — — — 24,393 Commercial real estate 560,294 1,095 2,902 — 564,291 Commercial 228,085 2,751 4,766 — 235,602 Consumer 6,199 — — — 6,199 Total $ 1,039,407 $ 3,846 $ 7,788 $ — $ 1,051,041 Delinquent loans are a result of borrowers’ cash flow and/or alternative sources of cash being insufficient to repay loans. The Bank’s likelihood of collateral liquidation to repay the loans becomes more probable the further behind a borrower falls, particularly when loans reach 90 days or more past due. Management monitors the performance status of loans by the use of an aging report. The aging report can provide an early indicator of loans that may become severely delinquent and possibly result in a loss to the Bank. The following table presents the aging of payments in the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: (Dollars in thousands) Loans Past Due and Still Accruing Total Total 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days+ Past Due Current Loans December 31, 2023 Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 62 $ 394 $ — $ 456 $ 204,832 $ 205,288 Junior liens and lines of credit 239 228 — 467 72,094 72,561 Total 301 622 — 923 276,926 277,849 Residential real estate - construction — — — — 25,900 25,900 Commercial real estate 3,232 — — 3,232 700,535 703,767 Commercial 542 112 147 801 241,853 242,654 Consumer 21 12 5 38 6,777 6,815 Total $ 4,096 $ 746 $ 152 $ 4,994 $ 1,251,991 $ 1,256,985 Total Past Due & Total December 31, 2022 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days+ Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Current Loans Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 340 $ 177 $ — $ 120 $ 637 $ 146,231 $ 146,868 Junior liens and lines of credit 490 — — — 490 73,198 73,688 Total 830 177 — 120 1,127 219,429 220,556 Residential real estate - construction — — — — — 24,393 24,393 Commercial real estate 649 — — — 649 563,642 564,291 Commercial 681 50 — — 731 234,871 235,602 Consumer 29 5 13 — 47 6,152 6,199 Total $ 2,189 $ 232 $ 13 $ 120 $ 2,554 $ 1,048,487 $ 1,051,041 At December 31, 2023, the Bank had $ 0 of residential properties in the process of foreclosure compared to $ 120 thousand at the end of 2022. Interest not recognized on nonaccrual loans was $ 6 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. On January 1, 2023, The Bank adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminated the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness, forbearances, term extensions, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. No loan modifications were made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties during 2023. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, certain modified loans were reported as TDRs and impaired. The following table presents impaired loans as of December 31, 2022: Impaired Loans With No Allowance With Allowance (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Unpaid Recorded Principal Recorded Principal Related December 31, 2022 Investment Balance Investment Balance Allowance Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 619 $ 619 $ — $ — $ — Junior liens and lines of credit — — — — — Total 619 619 — — — Residential real estate - construction — — — — — Commercial real estate 2,331 2,331 — — — Commercial — — — — — Total $ 2,950 $ 2,950 $ — $ — $ — Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2022 Average Interest (Dollars in thousands) Recorded Income Investment Recognized Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First liens $ 641 $ 33 Junior liens and lines of credit — — Total 641 33 Residential real estate - construction 106 105 Commercial real estate 7,765 369 Commercial — — Total $ 8,512 $ 507 The following table presents TDR loans as of December 31, 2022: Troubled Debt Restructurings Within the Last 12 Months That Have Defaulted (Dollars in thousands) Troubled Debt Restructurings on Modified Terms Number of Recorded Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Performing* Nonperforming* Contracts Investment December 31, 2022 Residential real estate - construction — $ — $ — $ — — $ — Residential real estate 5 619 619 — — — Commercial real estate - owner occupied 3 783 783 — — — Commercial real estate - farmland 3 1,466 1,466 — — — Commercial real estate - construction and land development — — — — — — Commercial real estate 1 82 82 — — — Total 12 $ 2,950 $ 2,950 $ — — $ — *The performing status is determined by the loan’s compliance with the modified terms. Allowance for Credit Losses: The following table shows the activity in the Allowance for Credit Loss (ACL), for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022: Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First Junior Liens & Commercial (Dollars in thousands) Liens Lines of Credit Construction Real Estate Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total ALL at December 31, 2022 $ 459 $ 234 $ 343 $ 7,493 $ 4,846 $ 133 $ 667 $ 14,175 Impact of adopting CECL on 1-1-23 1,096 493 ( 95 ) 584 ( 1,907 ) ( 40 ) ( 667 ) ( 536 ) Charge-offs — — — — ( 305 ) ( 117 ) — ( 422 ) Recoveries 2 — 49 1 112 82 — 246 Provision ( 261 ) ( 308 ) ( 1 ) 2,579 544 36 — 2,589 ACL at December 31, 2023 $ 1,296 $ 419 $ 296 $ 10,657 $ 3,290 $ 94 $ — $ 16,052 ALL at December 31, 2021 $ 475 $ 252 $ 325 $ 8,168 $ 5,127 $ 130 $ 589 $ 15,066 Charge-offs ( 20 ) — — ( 1,451 ) ( 71 ) ( 102 ) — ( 1,644 ) Recoveries 48 2 — 1 26 26 — 103 Provision ( 44 ) ( 20 ) 18 775 ( 236 ) 79 78 650 ALL at December 31, 2022 $ 459 $ 234 $ 343 $ 7,493 $ 4,846 $ 133 $ 667 $ 14,175 The following table shows the loans that were evaluated for the ACL under a specific reserve (individually) and those that were evaluated under a general reserve (collectively), and the amount of the ACL established in each category as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family First Junior Liens & Commercial (Dollars in thousands) Liens Lines of Credit Construction Real Estate Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total December 31, 2023 Loans evaluated for ACL: Individually $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively 205,288 72,561 25,900 703,767 242,654 6,815 — 1,256,985 Total $ 205,288 $ 72,561 $ 25,900 $ 703,767 $ 242,654 $ 6,815 $ — $ 1,256,985 ACL established for loans evaluated: Individually $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively 1,296 419 296 10,657 3,290 94 — 16,052 ACL at December 31, 2023 $ 1,296 $ 419 $ 296 $ 10,657 $ 3,290 $ 94 $ — $ 16,052 December 31, 2022 Loans evaluated for ALL: Individually $ 619 $ — $ — $ 2,331 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,950 Collectively 146,249 73,688 24,393 561,960 235,602 6,199 — 1,048,091 Total $ 146,868 $ 73,688 $ 24,393 $ 564,291 $ 235,602 $ 6,199 $ — $ 1,051,041 ALL established for loans evaluated: Individually $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Collectively 459 234 343 7,493 4,846 133 667 14,175 ALL at December 31, 2022 $ 459 $ 234 $ 343 $ 7,493 $ 4,846 $ 133 $ 667 $ 14,175 |