Allowance For Loan Losses | Allowance For Loan Losses Management systematically monitors the loan portfolio and the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses on a quarterly basis to provide for probable losses inherent in the portfolio. Management assesses the risk in each loan type based on historical trends, the general economic environment of its local markets, individual loan performance and other relevant factors. Individual credits are selected throughout the year for detailed loan reviews, which are utilized by management to assess the risk in the portfolio and the adequacy of the allowance. Due to the nature of commercial lending, evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance as it relates to these loan types is often based more upon specific credit reviews, with consideration given to the potential impairment of certain credits and historical loss rates, adjusted for economic conditions and other inherent risk factors. The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses, by portfolio loan classification, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands). The allocation of a portion of the allowance in one portfolio segment does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other portfolio segments. The following table also presents the balance in the allowance for loan loss disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment measurement method and the related recorded investment in loans, by portfolio segment, as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands). Commercial and Commercial Residential DDA Industrial Real Estate Real Estate Home Equity Consumer Overdrafts Total Six months ended June 30, 2019 Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 4,060 $ 4,495 $ 4,116 $ 1,268 $ 319 $ 1,708 $ 15,966 Charge-offs (51 ) (178 ) (631 ) (117 ) (296 ) (1,213 ) (2,486 ) Recoveries 140 607 125 — 143 749 1,764 (Recovery of) provision (1,353 ) (1,455 ) 349 60 343 607 (1,449 ) Ending balance $ 2,796 $ 3,469 $ 3,959 $ 1,211 $ 509 $ 1,851 $ 13,795 Six months ended June 30, 2018 Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 4,571 $ 6,183 $ 5,212 $ 1,138 $ 62 $ 1,670 $ 18,836 Charge-offs (724 ) (275 ) (220 ) (111 ) (354 ) (1,272 ) (2,956 ) Recoveries 1,477 372 159 — 105 765 2,878 (Recovery of) provision (1,597 ) (350 ) (572 ) 133 455 49 (1,882 ) Ending balance $ 3,727 $ 5,930 $ 4,579 $ 1,160 $ 268 $ 1,212 $ 16,876 Three months ended June 30, 2019 Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 2,970 $ 4,640 $ 3,820 $ 1,248 $ 468 $ 1,500 $ 14,646 Charge-offs (51 ) (133 ) (303 ) (71 ) (111 ) (588 ) (1,257 ) Recoveries 5 575 50 — 46 330 1,006 (Recovery of) provision (128 ) (1,613 ) 392 34 106 609 (600 ) Ending balance $ 2,796 $ 3,469 $ 3,959 $ 1,211 $ 509 $ 1,851 $ 13,795 Three months ended June 30, 2018 Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance $ 4,763 $ 5,769 $ 4,943 $ 1,200 $ 212 $ 1,494 $ 18,381 Charge-offs (385 ) (118 ) (96 ) (33 ) (255 ) (636 ) (1,523 ) Recoveries 1,475 149 53 — 59 345 2,081 (Recovery of) provision (2,126 ) 130 (321 ) (7 ) 252 9 (2,063 ) Ending balance $ 3,727 $ 5,930 $ 4,579 $ 1,160 $ 268 $ 1,212 $ 16,876 As of June 30, 2019 Allowance for loan losses Evaluated for impairment: Individually $ — $ 626 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 626 Collectively 2,795 2,787 3,959 1,211 502 1,851 13,105 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 1 56 — — 7 — 64 Total $ 2,796 $ 3,469 $ 3,959 $ 1,211 $ 509 $ 1,851 $ 13,795 Loans Evaluated for impairment: Individually $ 582 $ 9,309 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 9,891 Collectively 287,060 1,359,010 1,642,334 150,676 53,252 3,922 3,496,254 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 1,161 9,797 2,160 — 104 — 13,222 Total $ 288,803 $ 1,378,116 $ 1,644,494 $ 150,676 $ 53,356 $ 3,922 $ 3,519,367 As of December 31, 2018 Allowance for loan losses Evaluated for impairment: Individually $ — $ 428 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 428 Collectively 4,059 4,015 4,116 1,268 312 1,708 15,478 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 1 52 — — 7 — 60 Total $ 4,060 $ 4,495 $ 4,116 $ 1,268 $ 319 $ 1,708 $ 15,966 Loans Evaluated for impairment: Individually $ 651 $ 9,855 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10,506 Collectively 284,018 1,433,674 1,633,241 153,496 51,077 6,328 3,561,834 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 1,645 11,413 2,097 — 113 — 15,268 Total $ 286,314 $ 1,454,942 $ 1,635,338 $ 153,496 $ 51,190 $ 6,328 $ 3,587,608 Credit Quality Indicators All commercial loans within the portfolio are subject to internal risk rating. All non-commercial loans are evaluated based on payment history. The Company’s internal risk ratings for commercial loans are: Exceptional, Good, Acceptable, Pass/Watch, Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful. Each internal risk rating is defined in the loan policy using the following criteria: balance sheet yields; ratios and leverage; cash flow spread and coverage; prior history; capability of management; market position/industry; potential impact of changing economic, legal, regulatory or environmental conditions; purpose; structure; collateral support; and guarantor support. Risk grades are generally assigned by the primary lending officer and are periodically evaluated by the Company’s internal loan review process. Based on an individual loan’s risk grade, estimated loss percentages are applied to the outstanding balance of the loan to determine the amount of probable loss. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information regarding the customer’s debt service ability, capacity and overall collateral position, along with other economic trends and historical payment performance. The risk rating for each credit is updated when the Company receives current financial information, the loan is reviewed by the Company’s internal loan review and credit administration departments, or the loan becomes delinquent or impaired. The risk grades are updated a minimum of annually for loans rated Exceptional, Good, Acceptable, or Pass/Watch. Loans rated Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful are reviewed at least quarterly. The Company uses the following definitions for its risk ratings: Risk Rating Description Pass ratings: (a) Exceptional Loans classified as exceptional are secured with liquid collateral conforming to the internal loan policy. Loans rated within this category pose minimal risk of loss to the bank. (b) Good Loans classified as good have similar characteristics that include a strong balance sheet, satisfactory debt service coverage ratios, strong management and/or guarantors, and little exposure to economic cycles. Loans in this category generally have a low chance of loss to the bank. (c) Acceptable Loans classified as acceptable have acceptable liquidity levels, adequate debt service coverage ratios, experienced management, and have average exposure to economic cycles. Loans within this category generally have a low risk of loss to the bank. (d) Pass/watch Loans classified as pass/watch have erratic levels of leverage and/or liquidity, cash flow is volatile and the borrower is subject to moderate economic risk. A borrower in this category poses a low to moderate risk of loss to the bank. Special Mention Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness(es) that deserves management’s close attention. The potential weakness could result in deterioration of the loan repayment or the bank’s credit position at some future date. A loan rated in this category poses a moderate loss risk to the bank. Substandard Loans classified as substandard reflect a customer with a well defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. Loans in this category have the possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and the bank’s collateral value is weakened by the financial deterioration of the borrower. Doubtful Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristics that make collection of the full contract amount highly improbable. Loans rated in this category are most likely to cause the bank to have a loss due to a collateral shortfall or a negative capital position. The following table presents the Company’s commercial loans by credit quality indicators, by portfolio loan classification (in thousands): Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Total June 30, 2019 Pass $ 254,449 $ 1,322,276 $ 1,576,725 Special mention 2,293 10,023 12,316 Substandard 32,061 45,817 77,878 Doubtful — — — Total $ 288,803 $ 1,378,116 $ 1,666,919 December 31, 2018 Pass $ 250,856 $ 1,402,821 $ 1,653,677 Special mention 27,886 5,696 33,582 Substandard 7,572 46,425 53,997 Doubtful — — — Total $ 286,314 $ 1,454,942 $ 1,741,256 The following table presents the Company's non-commercial loans by payment performance, by portfolio loan classification (in thousands): Performing Non-Performing Total June 30, 2019 Residential real estate $ 1,642,063 $ 2,431 $ 1,644,494 Home equity 150,499 177 150,676 Consumer 53,356 — 53,356 DDA overdrafts 3,921 1 3,922 Total $ 1,849,839 $ 2,609 $ 1,852,448 December 31, 2018 Residential real estate $ 1,630,892 $ 4,446 $ 1,635,338 Home equity 153,334 162 153,496 Consumer 51,188 2 51,190 DDA overdrafts 6,322 6 6,328 Total $ 1,841,736 $ 4,616 $ 1,846,352 Aging Analysis of Accruing and Non-Accruing Loans Interest income on loans is accrued and credited to operations based upon the principal amount outstanding, using methods that generally result in level rates of return. Loan origination fees, and certain direct costs, are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to the yield over the term of the loan. The accrual of interest generally is discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest for all loan types. However, any loan may be placed on non-accrual status if the Company receives information that indicates a borrower is unable to meet the contractual terms of its respective loan agreement. Other indicators considered for placing a loan on non-accrual status include the borrower’s involvement in bankruptcies, foreclosures, repossessions, litigation and any other situation resulting in doubt as to whether full collection of contractual principal and interest is attainable. When interest accruals are discontinued, unpaid interest recognized in income in the current year is reversed, and interest accrued in prior years is charged to the allowance for loan losses. Management may elect to continue the accrual of interest when the net realizable value of collateral exceeds the principal balance and related accrued interest, and the loan is in the process of collection. Generally for all loan classes, interest income during the period the loan is non-performing is recorded on a cash basis after recovery of principal is reasonably assured. Cash payments received on nonperforming loans are typically applied directly against the outstanding principal balance until the loan is fully repaid. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, the borrower has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. Generally, all loan types are considered past due when the contractual terms of a loan are not met and the borrower is 30 days or more past due on a payment. Furthermore, residential and home equity loans are generally subject to charge-off when the loan becomes 120 days past due, depending on the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to dispose, versus the outstanding loan balance. Commercial loans are generally charged off when the loan becomes 120 days past due. Open-end consumer loans are generally charged off when the loan becomes 180 days past due. The following table presents an aging analysis of the Company’s accruing and non-accrual loans, by portfolio loan classification (in thousands): June 30, 2019 Accruing Current 30-59 days 60-89 days Over 90 days Non-accrual Total Residential real estate $ 1,634,837 $ 6,262 $ 964 $ 77 $ 2,354 $ 1,644,494 Home equity 150,193 283 23 16 161 150,676 Commercial and industrial 286,488 161 5 — 2,149 288,803 Commercial real estate 1,369,886 972 54 — 7,204 1,378,116 Consumer 53,184 162 10 — — 53,356 DDA overdrafts 3,435 478 8 1 — 3,922 Total $ 3,498,023 $ 8,318 $ 1,064 $ 94 $ 11,868 $ 3,519,367 December 31, 2018 Accruing Current 30-59 days 60-89 days Over 90 days Non-accrual Total Residential real estate $ 1,621,073 $ 8,607 $ 1,213 $ 170 $ 4,275 $ 1,635,338 Home equity 152,083 1,240 11 24 138 153,496 Commercial and industrial 284,140 397 49 52 1,676 286,314 Commercial real estate 1,445,896 487 94 4 8,461 1,454,942 Consumer 50,894 253 41 1 1 51,190 DDA overdrafts 5,840 467 15 6 — 6,328 Total $ 3,559,926 $ 11,451 $ 1,423 $ 257 $ 14,551 $ 3,587,608 The following table presents the Company’s impaired loans, by class (in thousands). The difference between the unpaid principal balance and the recorded investment generally reflects amounts that have been previously charged-off. There are no impaired residential, home equity, or consumer loans. June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Unpaid Unpaid Recorded Principal Related Recorded Principal Related Investment Balance Allowance Investment Balance Allowance With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 582 $ 582 $ — $ 651 $ 651 $ — Commercial real estate 3,642 3,667 — 6,870 6,895 — Total $ 4,224 $ 4,249 $ — $ 7,521 $ 7,546 $ — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate 5,667 5,667 626 2,985 2,985 428 Total $ 5,667 $ 5,667 $ 626 $ 2,985 $ 2,985 $ 428 The following table presents information related to the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on the Company’s impaired loans, by class (in thousands): Six months ended June 30, 2019 2018 Average Interest Average Interest Recorded Income Recorded Income Investment Recognized Investment Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 603 — $ 1,036 $ — Commercial real estate 5,067 38 3,715 6 Total $ 5,670 $ 38 $ 4,751 $ 6 With an allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial real estate 4,326 106 5,741 110 Total $ 4,326 $ 106 $ 5,741 $ 110 Approximately $0.1 million of interest income would have been recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, if such loans had been current in accordance with their original terms. There were no commitments to provide additional funds on non-accrual, impaired or other potential problem loans at June 30, 2019 . Loan Modifications The Company’s policy on loan modifications typically does not allow for modifications that would be considered a concession from the Company. However, when there is a modification, the Company evaluates each modification to determine if the modification constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) in accordance with ASU 2011-02, whereby a modification of a loan would be considered a TDR when both of the following conditions are met: (1) a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and (2) the modification constitutes a concession. When determining whether the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, the Company reviews whether the borrower is currently in payment default on any of its debt or whether it is probable that the borrower would be in payment default in the foreseeable future without the modification. Other indicators of financial difficulty include whether the borrower has declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy, the borrower’s ability to continue as a going concern, and the borrower’s projected cash flow to service its debt (including principal and interest) in accordance with the contractual terms for the foreseeable future, without a modification. Regulatory guidance requires loans to be accounted for as collateral-dependent loans when borrowers have filed Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the debt has been discharged by the bankruptcy court, and the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt. The filing of bankruptcy is deemed to be evidence that the borrower is in financial difficulty and the discharge of the debt by the bankruptcy court is deemed to be a concession granted to the borrower. The following tables set forth the Company’s TDRs (in thousands). Substantially all of the Company's TDRs are accruing interest. June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Total Total Commercial and industrial $ 83 $ 98 Commercial real estate 8,044 8,205 Residential real estate 22,373 23,521 Home equity 3,062 3,030 Consumer — — Total $ 33,562 $ 34,854 New TDRs Six months ended June 30, 2019 2018 Pre Post Pre Post Modification Modification Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Contracts Investment Investment Commercial and industrial — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Commercial real estate — — — — — — Residential real estate 27 2,066 2,066 17 1,028 1,028 Home equity 7 194 194 9 194 194 Consumer — — — — — — Total 34 $ 2,260 $ 2,260 26 $ 1,222 $ 1,222 |