| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The more significant areas requiring the use of management estimates and assumptions relate to accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, intangible assets, accrued liabilities, warranty liabilities, tax valuation accounts and equity–based compensation. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company follows ASC 820 , Fair Value Measurement, which has defined fair value and requires the Company to establish a framework for measuring fair value and disclose fair value measurements. The framework requires the valuation of assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements using a three tiered approach and fair value measurement be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: • Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; • Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; • Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity). The carrying amounts of financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other current liabilities approximate the related fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. See Note 5, Fair Value of Financial Instruments , for further information and related disclosures regarding the Company’s fair value measurements. The estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt represents a Level 2 measurement. See Note 11, Convertible Notes for further detail on the Company’s long-term debt. Cash and Cash Equivalents All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at time of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include overnight repurchase agreement accounts and other investments. As part of our cash management process, excess operating cash is invested in overnight repurchase agreements with our bank. Repurchase agreements and other investments classified as cash and cash equivalents are not deposits and are not insured by the U.S. Government, the FDIC or any other government agency and involve investment risk including possible loss of principal. We believe however, that the market risk arising from holding these financial instruments is minimal. Investments The Company invests in various investments which are primarily held in the custody of major financial institutions. Investments consist of certificates of deposit, U.S. government and agency securities, commercial paper, asset-backed securities, and corporate notes and bonds. Management classifies its investments as available-for-sale investments and records these investments in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The Company considers all available-for-sale securities, including those with maturity dates beyond 12 months, as available to support current operational liquidity needs. Unrealized gains or losses for available-for-sale securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity. The Company classifies its investments as current based on the nature of the investments and their availability for use in current operations. The Company assesses whether an other-than-temporary impairment loss has occurred due to declines in fair value or other market conditions when an investment’s fair value remains less than its cost for more than twelve months. This assessment includes a determination of whether the investment is expected to recover in value and whether the Company has the intent and ability to hold the investment until the anticipated recovery in value occurs. When an investment is identified as having an other-than-temporary impairment loss, we adjust the cost basis of the investment down to fair value resulting in a realized loss. The new cost basis is not changed for subsequent recoveries in fair value and temporary future increases or decreases in fair value are included in other comprehensive income (loss) . Inventory Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market value (net realizable value). The Company determines the cost of inventory using the first-in, first out method. The Company estimates the recoverability of inventory by reference to internal estimates of future demands and product life cycles, including expiration. The Company periodically analyzes its inventory levels to identify inventory that may expire prior to expected sale or has a cost basis in excess of its estimated realizable value and records a charge to expense for such inventory as appropriate. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consist of amounts due to the Company for sales to customers and are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Receivables are written off if reasonable collection efforts prove unsuccessful. The Company provides for allowances on a specific account basis by recording charges to bad debt expense reported in sales, general, and administrative expenses. No allowance were recorded at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and expenditures for major improvements are capitalized. Gains and losses from retirement or replacement are included in costs and expenses. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets, ranging from one to seven years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the remaining life of the lease or the life of the asset, whichever is less. Property and equipment includes Accelerate Pheno™ systems (also referred to as instruments) used for sales demonstrations, instruments under rental agreements and instruments used for research and development. Depreciation expense for instruments used for sales demonstrations is recorded as a component of sales, general and administrative expense. Depreciation expense for instruments placed at customer sites pursuant to reagent rental agreements is recorded as a component of cost of sales. Depreciation expense for instruments used in our laboratory and research is recorded as a component of research and development expense. The Company retains title to these instruments and depreciates them over five years. See Note 8, Property and Equipment , for further information and related disclosures. Long-lived Assets Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles to be held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company continuously evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets based on estimated future cash flows from and the estimated fair value of such long-lived assets, and provides for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows or the estimated fair value are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the long-lived asset. Warranty Reserve Instruments are typically sold with a one year limited warranty, while kits and accessories are typically sold with a sixty days limited warranty. Accordingly, a provision for the estimated cost of the limited warranty repair is recorded at the time revenue is recognized. Our estimated warranty provision is based on our estimate of future repair events and the related estimated cost of repairs. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of the warranty reserve and adjusts the amount as necessary. The expense incurred for these provisions is included in cost of sales on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Product warranty reserve activity for the years ended December 31 is as follows (in thousands): 2018 2017 2016 Beginning balance $ 192 $ 1 $ — Provisions 420 331 18 Warranty expenses incurred (397 ) (140 ) (17 ) $ 215 $ 192 $ 1 Convertible Notes The Company issued convertible notes that had conversion prices which resulted in an embedded beneficial conversion feature. The intrinsic value of the beneficial conversion feature was recorded as a debt discount with the corresponding amount recorded to contributed capital. The debt discount is amortized to interest expense over the life of the convertible notes using the effective interest method. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised good or service is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Sales taxes are excluded from revenues. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps: • Identification of the contract with a customer • Identification of the performance obligations in the contract • Determination of the transaction price • Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations • Recognition of revenue as we satisfy a performance obligation Product revenue is derived from the sale or rental of our instruments and sales of related consumable products. When an instrument is sold, revenue is generally recognized upon installation of the unit consistent with contract terms, which do not include a right of return. When a consumable product is sold, revenue is generally recognized upon shipment. Invoices are generally issued when revenue is recognized. Service revenue is derived from the sale of extended service agreements which are generally non-cancellable. This revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the effective date of the contract because the Company is standing ready to provide services. Invoices are generally issued annually and coincide with the beginning of individual service terms. Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. We generally determine relative standalone selling prices based on the price charged to customers for each individual performance obligation. We also provide instruments to customers under “reagent rental” agreements, which are typically five years or less. Under these agreements, we install the instrument in the customer’s facility, provide service and the customer agrees to purchase consumable products at a stated price over the term of the agreement. Under reagent rental agreements, the Company’s customers pay an additional instrument rental fee for each consumable test kit purchased which varies based on the monthly volume of consumable test kits purchased. The instrument rental fee and consumable test kits are recognized as contingent rental payments and are included in net sales in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Contracts sometimes have renewal clauses, but such clauses do not provide for a bargain renewal option or penalize the customer if they do not renew. The instrument remains the Company’s property throughout the term of the agreement and there is no transfer of title upon expiration. Our payment terms vary by the type and location of our customers and the product or services offered and range between 30 and 150 days . Sales commissions earned by our sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. The Company has determined these costs would have an amortization period of less than one year and has elected to recognize them as an expense when incurred. Contract asset opening and closing balances were immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2018 . Cost of Sales Cost of sales includes cost of materials, direct labor, equity-based compensation, facility and other manufacturing overhead costs for consumable tests and instruments sold to customers. Cost of sales for instruments also includes depreciation on revenue generating instruments that have been placed with our customers under a reagent rental agreement. Cost of sales includes repair and maintenance cost for instruments covered by a service agreement or instruments covered by a reagent rental agreement. Cost of sales also includes warranty related expenses. Shipping and Handling Shipping and handling costs billed to customers are included as a component of revenue. The corresponding expense incurred with third party carriers is included as a component of sales, general and administrative costs on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Leases The Company currently accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 840, Leases, which requires leases to be classified as either operating or capital leases. The Company classifies leases as capital leases when there is either a transfer of ownership at the end of the lease term, the lease contains a bargain purchase option, the lease term is seventy-five percent or more of the estimated economic life of the leased property or the minimum lease payments are ninety percent or more of the fair value of the leased property at lease inception. The Company has entered into reagent rental agreements that qualify as sales-type leases. In those instances, the present value of the minimum lease payments, computed at the interest rate implicit in the lease, is recorded as the sales price and a lease investment is recorded in current and non-current assets. Other leases are classified as operating leases. Operating lease rent is recorded as an operating expense on a monthly basis. For capital leases, both an asset and liability are recorded at the inception of the lease based on the present value of lease payments. The asset is included with property and equipment on the consolidated balance sheet and amortization is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease with the amortization expense included with depreciation on the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the liability, the amount due within the next year is recorded as a current liability and the amount due in more than a year is recorded as a long-term liability on the consolidated balance sheet. Interest expense is recorded based on the implicit or explicit interest rate used in the lease and is included as non-operating interest expense on the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company did not carry any capital leases. Equity-Based Compensation The Company may award stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based options and other equity-based instruments to its employees, directors and consultants. Compensation cost related to equity-based instruments is based on the fair value of the instrument on the grant date, and is recognized over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for each tranche (an accelerated attribution method) except for performance-based options. Performance-based stock options vest based on the achievement of performance targets. Compensation costs associated with performance-based option awards are recognized over the requisite service period based on probability of achievement. Performance-based stock options require management to make assumptions regarding the likelihood of achieving performance targets. The Company estimates the fair value of service based and performance based stock option awards, including modifications of stock option awards, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This model derives the fair value of stock options based on certain assumptions related to expected stock price volatility, expected option life, risk-free interest rate and dividend yield. • Volatility: The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's stock price over the most recent period commensurate with the expected term of the stock option award. • Expected term: The estimated expected term for employee awards is based on the calculation published by the SEC in SAB110 for use when there is not a sufficient history of employee exercise patterns. For consultant awards, the estimated expected term is the same as the life of the award. • Risk-free interest rate: The risk-free interest rate is based on published U.S. Treasury rates for a term commensurate with the expected term. • Dividend yield: The dividend yield is estimated as zero as the Company has not paid dividends in the past and does not have any plans to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company records the fair value of RSUs or Stock Grants (“SGs”) based on published closing market price on the day before the grant date. The company accounts for forfeitures as they occur rather than on an estimated basis. The Company also has an employee stock purchase program whereby eligible employees can elect payroll deductions that are subsequently used to purchase common stock at a discounted price. There is no compensation recorded for this program as (i) the purchase discount does not exceed the issuance costs that would have been incurred to raise a significant amount of capital by a public offering, (ii) substantially all employees that meet limited employment qualifications may participate on an equitable basis, and (iii) the plan doesn't incorporate option features that would require compensation to be recorded. See Note 16, Employee and Consultant Equity-Based Compensation for further information. Deferred Tax Assets Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the accompanying balance sheets. The change in deferred tax assets and liabilities for the period represents the deferred tax provision or benefit for the period. Effects of changes in enacted tax laws in deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected as an adjustment to the tax provision or benefit in the period of enactment. The Company follows the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes , to account for any uncertainty in income taxes with respect to the accounting for all tax positions taken (or expected to be taken) on any income tax return. This guidance applies to all open tax periods in all tax jurisdictions in which the Company is required to file an income tax return. Under U.S. GAAP, in order to recognize an uncertain tax benefit the taxpayer must be more likely than not certain of sustaining the position, and the measurement of the benefit is calculated as the largest amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon resolution of the position. Interest and penalties, if any, would be recorded within tax expense. Foreign Currency Translation and Foreign Currency Transactions Adjustments resulting from translating foreign functional currency financial statements into U.S. Dollars are included in the foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity. The Company has assets and liabilities, including receivables and payables, which are denominated in currencies other than their functional currency. These balance sheet items are subject to re-measurement, the impact of which is recorded in foreign currency exchange gain and loss, within the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Earnings (Loss) Per Share Basic earnings (loss) per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of shares issuable from stock options, unvested RSUs and warrants. Potentially dilutive common shares would also include common shares that would have been outstanding if notes convertible at the balance sheet date were converted. Diluted earnings are not presented when the effect of adding such additional common shares is antidilutive. Earnings per share are restated when certain transactions or events, including rights offerings determined to have bonus elements have occurred. See Note 15, Earnings (Loss) Per Share , for further information. Comprehensive Loss In addition to net loss, comprehensive loss includes all changes in equity during a period, except those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners. The Company holds investments classified as available-for-sale securities and records the change in fair market value as a component of comprehensive income (loss). The Company also has adjustments resulting from translating foreign functional currency financial statements into U.S. Dollars which is included as a component of comprehensive income (loss). Recent Accounting Pronouncements Standards that were adopted In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740); Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. ASU 2018-05 provides guidance regarding the recording of tax impacts where uncertainty exists, in the period of adoption of the 2017 U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). In accordance with this guidance, the Company’s financial results reflect provisional amounts for those specific income tax effects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is incomplete but a reasonable estimate could be determined. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company did not recognize any changes to the provisional amounts recorded in its 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K in connection with the Tax Act. Additionally, the Company filed its 2017 U.S. income tax return in the fourth quarter of 2018. In May of 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718); Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides guidance on which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award requires an entity to apply modification accounting. The amendments in this update will be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. We adopted the amendments of this ASU as of January 1, 2018 and concluded that they do not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740); Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. ASU 2016-16 is effective for periods after December 15, 2017 and eliminates the requirement that the Company recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset upon transfer other than inventory, eliminating the current recognition requirement. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018. In adopting this ASU, the Company recorded no cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings at January 1, 2018. As the U.S. and the consolidated group are in a net operating loss position, no prepaid tax has been recorded. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Topic 825); Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments, with some exceptions, be measured at fair value with valuation changes recognized in net income, simplifies the impairment assessment of some equity investments, eliminates the requirement to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost, requires the use of the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments, requires separate presentation of some changes in other comprehensive income, requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial assets, and clarifies the need for a valuation allowance on some deferred tax assets. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606); an updated standard on revenue recognition. The new standard provides enhancements to the quality and consistency of how revenue is reported under the principle that revenue should be recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for the transfer of promised goods or services. The Company adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts that were not fully performed by the Company as of January 1, 2018 . We recorded a decrease to opening retained earnings and an increase in deferred revenue of $0.1 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606. The impact to revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 was not material as a result of applying Topic 606. The reported results for 2017 and prior were prepared and are presented under the guidance of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition . Standards not yet adopted In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820); Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. This ASU is effective for us on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact this will have on our consolidated financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718); Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2018-07 simplifies the accounting for share-based payments made to nonemployees so the accounting for such payments is substantially the same as those made to employees. Under this ASU, share-based awards to nonemployees will be measured at fair value on the grant date of the awards, entities will need to assess the probability of satisfying performance conditions if any are present, and awards will continue to be classified according to ASC 718 upon vesting, which eliminates the need to reassess classification upon vesting, consistent with awards granted to employees. This ASU is effective for us on January 1, 2019. This update will not have an effect on our consolidated financial statements because all share-based awards granted to nonemployees are fully vested. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220); Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI). ASU 2018-02 allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for tax effects resulting from the Tax Act that the FASB refers to as having been stranded in AOCI. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not plan to reclassify these stranded tax effects and therefore, does not expect this standard to have an impact on its consolidated financial statements. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivable - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Topic 310-20); Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. ASU 2017-08 shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. Specifically, the amendment requires premiums to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. The amendments should be applied on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. This ASU is effective for us on January 1, 2019. This update will not have an effect on our consolidated financial statements because we do not carry any callable securities held at a premium. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326); Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. In November 2018, ASU 2018-19 was issued which amended the standard. ASU 2016-13 amends the guidance on measuring credit losses on financial assets (including trade accounts receivable and available for sale debt securities) held at amortized cost. Currently, an “incurred loss” methodology is used for recognizing credit losses which delays recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The amendment requires assets valued at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected using an allowance for credit losses. Reversal of credit losses on available for sale debt securities will be recorded in the current period net income. This ASU is effective for us on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We do not anticipate this guidance will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02 “Leases,” which together with subsequent amendments is included in ASC 842. ASC 842 requires a lessee to recognize a liability to make lease payments and an asset with respect to its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASC 842 also addresses accounting and reporting by lessors, which is not significantly different from current accounting and reporting, and further provides for qualitative and quantitative disclosures. We currently plan to adopt ASC 842 on January 1, 2019 using the optional transition method allowed by ASU 2018-11. This optional transition method allows entities to apply the new leases standard at the adoption date (January 1, 2019 for the Company) and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. For contracts where we are the lessee, we will record lease liabilities and right of use assets for contracts in effect on January 1, 2019 based on the facts and circumstances as of that date. The Company will elect not to reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, not to reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, not to reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases, and not to separate the lease components from the non-lease components for all classes of underlying assets . While we continue to evaluate certain provisions of ASC 842, based on our current estimates, we expect to recognize right of use assets and lessee lease liabilities of approximately $0.6 million with respect to operating leases. We do not believe the adoption of ASC 842 will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |
