Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; that is, an exit price. The exit price assumes the asset or liability is not exchanged subject to a forced liquidation or distressed sale. Valuation Hierarchy The Company categorizes its fair value measurements according to a three-level hierarchy. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used by the Company’s valuation techniques. A level is assigned to each fair value measurement based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows: Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date. Level 2 Prices or valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. Level 3 Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: December 31, 2020 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Assets Available-for-Sale securities: Corporate debt securities $ — $ 12,107 $ 766 $ 12,873 Residential mortgage backed securities — 2,993 9 3,002 Commercial mortgage backed securities — 4,166 — 4,166 Asset backed securities — 817 395 1,212 State and municipal obligations — 1,344 — 1,344 Foreign government bonds and obligations — 257 — 257 U.S. government and agency obligations 1 — — 1 Total Available-for-Sale securities: 1 21,684 1,170 22,855 Cash equivalents 2,419 713 — 3,132 Other assets: Interest rate derivative contracts 1 1,754 — 1,755 Equity derivative contracts 406 3,578 — 3,984 Foreign exchange derivative contracts 1 17 — 18 Credit derivative contracts — 1 — 1 Total other assets 408 5,350 — 5,758 Separate account assets at net asset value (“NAV”) 87,556 (1) Total assets at fair value $ 2,828 $ 27,747 $ 1,170 $ 119,301 Liabilities Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims: Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives $ — $ 3 $ 49 $ 52 IUL embedded derivatives — — 935 935 GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives — — 2,316 2,316 (2) Structured variable annuities — — 70 70 Total policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims — 3 3,370 3,373 (3) Other liabilities: Interest rate derivative contracts — 734 — 734 Equity derivative contracts 182 3,329 — 3,511 Foreign exchange derivative contracts 2 — — 2 Credit derivative contracts — 1 — 1 Total other liabilities 184 4,064 — 4,248 Total liabilities at fair value $ 184 $ 4,067 $ 3,370 $ 7,621 December 31, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Assets Available-for-Sale securities: Corporate debt securities $ — $ 10,787 $ 735 $ 11,522 Residential mortgage backed securities — 3,091 17 3,108 Commercial mortgage backed securities — 3,618 — 3,618 Asset backed securities — 691 389 1,080 State and municipal obligations — 1,306 — 1,306 Foreign government bonds and obligations — 267 — 267 U.S. government and agency obligations 1 — — 1 Total Available-for-Sale securities: 1 19,760 1,141 20,902 Cash equivalents — 1,256 — 1,256 Other assets: Interest rate derivative contracts — 1,451 — 1,451 Equity derivative contracts 162 2,650 — 2,812 Foreign exchange derivative contracts 1 15 — 16 Credit derivative contracts — 4 — 4 Total other assets 163 4,120 — 4,283 Separate account assets at NAV 82,425 (1) Total assets at fair value $ 164 $ 25,136 $ 1,141 $ 108,866 Liabilities Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims: Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives $ — $ 3 $ 43 $ 46 IUL embedded derivatives — — 881 881 GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives — — 763 763 (4) Total policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims — 3 1,687 1,690 (5) Other liabilities: Interest rate derivative contracts — 418 — 418 Equity derivative contracts 36 3,018 — 3,054 Foreign exchange derivative contracts 1 5 — 6 Total other liabilities 37 3,441 — 3,478 Total liabilities at fair value $ 37 $ 3,444 $ 1,687 $ 5,168 (1) Amounts are comprised of certain financial instruments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. (2) The fair value of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives included $2.4 billion of individual contracts in a liability position and $67 million of individual contracts in an asset position (recorded as a contra liability) as of December 31, 2020. (3) The Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk resulted in a $727 million cumulative decrease to the embedded derivatives as of December 31, 2020. (4) The fair value of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives included $981 million of individual contracts in a liability position and $218 million of individual contracts in an asset position (recorded as a contra liability) as of December 31, 2019. (5) The Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk resulted in a $502 million cumulative decrease to the embedded derivatives as of December 31, 2019. The following tables provide a summary of changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: Available-for-Sale Securities Corporate Debt Securities Residential Mortgage Backed Securities Asset Backed Securities Total (in millions) Balance, January 1, 2020 $ 735 $ 17 $ 389 $ 1,141 Total gains (losses) included in: Other comprehensive income (loss) 15 1 (2) 14 Purchases 62 39 — 101 Settlements (46) — (6) (52) Transfers into Level 3 — — 14 14 Transfers out of Level 3 — (48) — (48) Balance, December 31, 2020 $ 766 $ 9 $ 395 $ 1,170 Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets held at December 31, 2020 $ (1) $ — $ — $ (1) (1) Changes in unrealized gains (losses) in other comprehensive income (loss) relating to assets held at December 31, 2020 $ 15 $ 1 $ (2) $ 14 Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims Fixed Deferred Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives IUL GMWB and GMAB Embedded Derivatives Structured Variable Annuity Embedded Derivatives Total (in millions) Balance, January 1, 2020 $ 43 $ 881 $ 763 $ — $ 1,687 Total (gains) losses included in: Net income 4 (2) 76 (2) 1,152 (3) 91 (3) 1,323 Issues 3 61 362 (21) 405 Settlements (1) (83) 39 — (45) Balance, December 31, 2020 $ 49 $ 935 $ 2,316 $ 70 $ 3,370 Changes in unrealized (gains) losses relating to liabilities held at December 31, 2020 $ — $ 76 (2) $ 1,206 (3) $ — $ 1,282 Available-for-Sale Securities Corporate Residential Mortgage Backed Securities Asset Total (in millions) Balance, January 1, 2019 $ 871 $ 64 $ 374 $ 1,309 Total gains (losses) included in: Net income (1) — — (1) (1) Other comprehensive income (loss) 30 — 5 35 Purchases 55 27 — 82 Settlements (220) (3) — (223) Transfers into Level 3 — — 10 10 Transfers out of Level 3 — (71) — (71) Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 735 $ 17 $ 389 $ 1,141 Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets held at December 31, 2019 $ (1) $ — $ — $ (1) (1) Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims Fixed Deferred Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives IUL GMWB and GMAB Embedded Derivatives Total (in millions) Balance, January 1, 2019 $ 14 $ 628 $ 328 $ 970 Total (gains) losses included in: Net income 8 (2) 209 (2) 80 (3) 297 Issues 21 113 361 495 Settlements — (69) (6) (75) Balance, December 31, 2019 $ 43 $ 881 $ 763 $ 1,687 Changes in unrealized (gains) losses relating to liabilities held at December 31, 2019 $ — $ 209 (2) $ 82 (3) $ 291 Available-for-Sale Securities Other Derivative Contracts Corporate Residential Mortgage Backed Securities Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities Asset Total (in millions) Balance, January 1, 2018 $ 1,072 $ 87 $ — $ — $ 1,159 — Total gains (losses) included in: Net income (1) — — — (1) (1) (3) (3) Other comprehensive income (loss) (26) 1 — 3 (22) — Purchases 15 — 12 381 408 3 Settlements (189) (6) — — (195) — Transfers out of Level 3 — (18) (12) (10) (40) — Balance, December 31, 2018 $ 871 $ 64 $ — $ 374 $ 1,309 $ — Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets held at December 31, 2018 $ (1) $ — $ — $ — $ (1) (1) $ — Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims Fixed Deferred Indexed Annuity Embedded Derivatives IUL GMWB and GMAB Embedded Derivatives Total (in millions) Balance, January 1, 2018 $ — $ 601 $ (49) $ 552 Total (gains) losses included in: Net income (3) (2) (9) (2) 49 (3) 37 Issues 17 90 350 457 Settlements — (54) (22) (76) Balance, December 31, 2018 $ 14 $ 628 $ 328 $ 970 Changes in unrealized (gains) losses relating to liabilities held at December 31, 2018 $ — $ (9) (2) $ 47 (3) $ 38 (1) Included in net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. (2) Included in interest credited to fixed accounts in the Consolidated Statements of Income. (3) Included in benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The increase (decrease) to pretax income of the Company’s adjustment for nonperformance risk on the fair value of its embedded derivatives was $196 million, $(190) million and $281 million, net of DAC, DSIC, unearned revenue amortization and the reinsurance accrual, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Securities transferred from Level 3 primarily represent securities with fair values that are obtained from a third-party pricing service with observable inputs. The following tables provide a summary of the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements developed by the Company or reasonably available to the Company of Level 3 assets and liabilities: December 31, 2020 Fair Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range Weighted Average (in millions) Corporate debt securities (private placements) $ 766 Discounted cash flow Yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries (1) 1.0% - 3.3% 1.5% Asset backed securities $ 395 Discounted cash flow Annual default rate 5.3% 5.3% Loss severity 25.0% 25.0% Yield/spread to swap rates (2) 250 bps - 400 bps 259 bps IUL embedded derivatives $ 935 Discounted cash flow Nonperformance risk (3) 65 bps 65 bps Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives $ 49 Discounted cash flow Surrender rate (4) 0.0% - 50.0% 1.2% Nonperformance risk (3) 65 bps 65 bps GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives $ 2,316 Discounted cash flow Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals (5) (6) 0.0% - 48.0% 10.6% Surrender rate (4) 0.1% - 73.5% 3.8% Market volatility (7) (8) 4.3% - 17.1% 11.0% Nonperformance risk (3) 65 bps 65 bps Structured variable annuity embedded derivatives $ 70 Discounted cash flow Surrender rate (4) 0.8% - 40.0% 0.9% Nonperformance risk (3) 65 bps 65 bps December 31, 2019 Fair Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range Weighted Average (in millions) Corporate debt securities (private placements) $ 735 Discounted cash flow Yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries 0.8% - 2.8% 1.3% Asset backed securities $ 389 Discounted cash flow Annual default rate 3.5% Loss severity 25.0% Yield/spread to swap rates 120 bps - 170 bps 123 bps IUL embedded derivatives $ 881 Discounted cash flow Nonperformance risk (3) 65 bps Fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives $ 43 Discounted cash flow Surrender rate 0.0% - 50.0% Nonperformance risk (3) 65 bps GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives $ 763 Discounted cash flow Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals (5) 0.0% - 36.0% Surrender rate 0.1% - 73.5% Market volatility (7) 3.7% - 15.9% Nonperformance risk (3) 65 bps (1) The weighted average for the spread to U.S. Treasuries for corporate debt securities (private placements) is weighted based on the security’s market value as a percentage of the aggregate market value of the securities. (2) The weighted average for the spread to swap rates for asset backed securities is calculated as the sum of each tranche’s balance multiplied by its spread to swap divided by the aggregate balances of the tranches. (3) The nonperformance risk is the spread added to the observable interest rates used in the valuation of the embedded derivatives. (4) The weighted average surrender rate is weighted based on the benefit base of each contract and represents the average assumption in the current year including the effect of a dynamic surrender formula. (5) The utilization of guaranteed withdrawals represents the percentage of contractholders that will begin withdrawing in any given year. (6) The weighted average utilization rate represents the average assumption for the current year, weighting each policy evenly. The calculation excludes policies that have already started taking withdrawals. (7) Market volatility is implied volatility of fund of funds and managed volatility funds. (8) The weighted average market volatility represents the average volatility across all contracts, weighted by the size of the guaranteed benefit. Level 3 measurements not included in the table above are obtained from non-binding broker quotes where unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value calculation are not reasonably available to the Company. Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements Significant increases (decreases) in the yield/spread to U.S. Treasuries used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 corporate debt securities in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the annual default rate used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 asset backed securities in isolation, generally, would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement and significant increases (decreases) in loss severity in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the yield/spread to swap rates in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk used in the fair value measurement of the IUL embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk and surrender rate used in the fair value measurements of the fixed deferred indexed annuity embedded derivatives and structured variable annuity embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) liability value. Significant increases (decreases) in utilization and volatility used in the fair value measurement of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher (lower) liability value. Significant increases (decreases) in nonperformance risk and surrender rate used in the fair value measurement of the GMWB and GMAB embedded derivatives in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) liability value. Utilization of guaranteed withdrawals and surrender rates vary with the type of rider, the duration of the policy, the age of the contractholder, the distribution channel and whether the value of the guaranteed benefit exceeds the contract accumulation value. Determination of Fair Value The Company uses valuation techniques consistent with the market and income approaches to measure the fair value of its assets and liabilities. The Company’s market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The Company’s income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future projected cash flows to a single discounted present value amount. When applying either approach, the Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value and the general classification of these instruments pursuant to the fair value hierarchy. Assets Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents include time deposits and other highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of 90 days or less. Actively traded money market funds are measured at their NAV and classified as Level 1. U.S. Treasuries are also classified as Level 1. The Company’s remaining cash equivalents are classified as Level 2 and measured at amortized cost, which is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short time between the purchase of the instrument and its expected realization. Available-for-Sale Securities When available, the fair value of securities is based on quoted prices in active markets. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are obtained from third-party pricing services, non-binding broker quotes, or other model-based valuation techniques. Level 1 securities primarily include U.S. Treasuries. Level 2 securities primarily include corporate bonds, residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities, state and municipal obligations, asset backed securities and foreign government securities. The fair value of these Level 2 securities is based on a market approach with prices obtained from third-party pricing services. Observable inputs used to value these securities can include, but are not limited to, reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads and non-binding broker quotes. Level 3 securities primarily include certain corporate bonds, non-agency residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and asset backed securities. The fair value of corporate bonds, non-agency residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and certain asset backed securities classified as Level 3 is typically based on a single non-binding broker quote. The underlying inputs used for some of the non-binding broker quotes are not readily available to the Company. The Company’s privately placed corporate bonds are typically based on a single non-binding broker quote. The fair value of affiliated asset backed securities is determined using a discounted cash flow model. Inputs used to determine the expected cash flows include assumptions about discount rates and default, prepayment and recovery rates of the underlying assets. Given the significance of the unobservable inputs to this fair value measurement, the fair value of the investment in the affiliated asset backed securities is classified as Level 3. In consideration of the above, management is responsible for the fair values recorded on the financial statements. Prices received from third-party pricing services are subjected to exception reporting that identifies investments with significant daily price movements as well as no movements. The Company reviews the exception reporting and resolves the exceptions through reaffirmation of the price or recording an appropriate fair value estimate. The Company also performs subsequent transaction testing. The Company performs annual due diligence of third-party pricing services. The Company’s due diligence procedures include assessing the vendor’s valuation qualifications, control environment, analysis of asset-class specific valuation methodologies, and understanding of sources of market observable assumptions and unobservable assumptions, if any, employed in the valuation methodology. The Company also considers the results of its exception reporting controls and any resulting price challenges that arise. Separate Account Assets The fair value of assets held by separate accounts is determined by the NAV of the funds in which those separate accounts are invested. The NAV is used as a practical expedient for fair value and represents the exit price for the separate account. Separate account assets are excluded from classification in the fair value hierarchy. Other Assets Derivatives that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, such as derivatives that are exchange-traded, are classified as Level 1 measurements. The variation margin on futures contracts is also classified as Level 1. The fair value of derivatives that are traded in less active over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets is generally measured using pricing models with market observable inputs such as interest rates and equity index levels. These measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and include swaps and the majority of options. The counterparties’ nonperformance risk associated with uncollateralized derivative assets was immaterial as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. See Note 16 and Note 17 for further information on the credit risk of derivative instruments and related collateral. Liabilities Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims There is no active market for the transfer of the Company’s embedded derivatives attributable to the provisions of certain variable annuity riders, fixed deferred indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL products. The Company values the embedded derivatives attributable to the provisions of certain variable annuity riders using internal valuation models. These models calculate fair value as the present value of future expected benefit payments less the present value of future expected rider fees attributable to the embedded derivative feature. The projected cash flows used by these models include observable capital market assumptions and incorporate significant unobservable inputs related to implied volatility as well as contractholder behavior assumptions that include margins for risk, all of which the Company believes a market participant would expect. The fair value also reflects a current estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk specific to these embedded derivatives. Given the significant unobservable inputs to this valuation, these measurements are classified as Level 3. The embedded derivatives attributable to these provisions are recorded in policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives associated with the provisions of its equity index annuity product. The projected cash flows generated by this model are based on significant observable inputs related to interest rates, volatilities and equity index levels and, therefore, are classified as Level 2. The Company uses discounted cash flow models including Black-Scholes calculations to determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives associated with the provisions of its fixed deferred indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL products. The structured variable annuity product is a limited flexible purchase payment annuity that offers 45 different indexed account options providing equity market exposure and a fixed account. Each indexed account includes a protection option (a buffer or a floor). If the index has a negative return, contractholder losses will be reduced by buffer or limited to a floor. The portion allocated to an indexed account is accounted for as an embedded derivative. The fair value of fixed deferred indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL embedded derivatives includes significant observable interest rates, volatilities and equity index levels and the significant unobservable estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk. Given the significance of the nonperformance risk assumption to the fair value, the fixed deferred indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL embedded derivatives are classified as Level 3. The embedded derivatives attributable to these provisions are recorded in policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims. Other Liabilities Derivatives that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, such as derivatives that are exchange-traded, are classified as Level 1 measurements. The variation margin on futures contracts is also classified as Level 1. The fair value of derivatives that are traded in less active OTC markets is generally measured using pricing models with market observable inputs such as interest rates and equity index levels. These measurements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and include swaps and the majority of options. The Company’s nonperformance risk associated with uncollateralized derivative liabilities was immaterial as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. See Note 16 and Note 17 for further information on the credit risk of derivative instruments and related collateral. Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis The Company assesses its investment in affordable housing partnerships for impairment. The investments that are determined to be impaired are written down to their fair value. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to measure the fair value of these investments. Inputs to the discounted cash flow model are estimates of future net operating losses and tax credits available to the Company and discount rates based on market condition and the financial strength of the syndicator (general partner). The balance of affordable housing partnerships measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis was $101 million and $158 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Asset and Liabilities Not Reported at Fair Value The following tables provide the carrying value and the estimated fair value of financial instruments that are not reported at fair value. December 31, 2020 Carrying Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Financial Assets Mortgage loans, net $ 2,574 $ — $ — $ 2,724 $ 2,724 Policy loans 846 — 846 — 846 (1) Other investments 457 — 417 40 457 Other receivables 1,430 — — 1,732 1,732 Financial Liabilities Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims $ 9,990 $ — $ — $ 11,686 $ 11,686 Short-term borrowings 200 — 200 — 200 Long-term debt 500 — 509 — 509 Other liabilities 12 — — 11 11 Separate account liabilities - investment contracts 351 — 351 — 351 December 31, 2019 Carrying Value Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (in millions) Financial Assets Mortgage loans, net $ 2,655 $ — $ — $ 2,707 $ 2,707 Policy loans 867 — 867 — 867 (1) Other investments 410 — 376 34 410 Other receivables 1,514 — — 1,648 1,648 Financial Liabilities Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims $ 9,110 $ — $ — $ 10,061 $ 10,061 Short-term borrowings 201 — 201 — 201 Line of credit with Ameriprise Financial 50 — — 50 50 Other liabilities 22 — — 21 21 Separate account liabilities - investment contracts 340 — 340 — 340 (1) During the third quarter of 2020, management changed the fair value methodology for policy loans from estimating future expected cash flows and discounting the cash flows at a rate based on the U.S. Treasury curve to using the carrying value as an approximation of fair value as the policy loans are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the underlying policies. As a result, policy loans were reclassified from Level 3 to Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy. For comparability and consistency purposes, prior period amounts were revised to reflect the current methodology and classification. Other investments include syndicated loans and the Company’s membership in the FHLB. Other receivables include the deposit receivable. See Note 7 for additional information on mortgage loans, policy loans, syndicated loans and the deposit receivable. Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims includes fixed annuities in deferral status, non-life contingent fixed annuities in payout status, indexed and structured variable annuity host contracts, and the fixed portion of a small number of variable annuity contracts classified as investment contracts. See Note 10 for additional information on these liabilities. Short-term borrowings include FHLB borrowings. Long-term debt includes the surplus note with Ameriprise Financial. See Note 12 for further information on short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Other liabilities include future funding commitments to affordable housing partnerships and other real estate partnerships. Separate account liabilities are related to certain annuity products that are classified as investment contracts. |