DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Bel Fuse Inc. and subsidiaries ("Bel," the "Company," ) design, manufacture and sell a broad array of products that power, protect and connect electronic circuits. These products are used in the networking, telecommunication, high-speed data transmission, commercial aerospace, military, broadcasting, transportation and consumer electronic industries around the world. We manage our operations geographically through our three reportable operating segments: North America, Asia and Europe. All amounts included in the tables to these notes to consolidated financial statements, except per share amounts, are in thousands. Principles of Consolidation - Use of Estimates - to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including but not limited to those related to product returns, provisions for bad debt, inventories, goodwill, intangible assets, investments, Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan ("SERP") expense, income taxes, contingencies, litigation and the impact related to tax reform. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Cash Equivalents Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Effects of Foreign Currency – In non-U.S. locations that are not considered highly inflationary, we translate the balance sheets at the end of period exchange rates with translation adjustments accumulated within stockholders' equity on our consolidated balance sheets. We translate the statements of operations at the average exchange rates during the applicable period. In connection with foreign currency denominated transactions, including multi-currency intercompany payable and receivable transactions and loans, the Company incurred net realized and unrealized currency exchange gains (losses) of $2.7 million and ($2.8) million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were included in SG&A expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Concentration of Credit Risk - We place temporary cash investments with quality financial institutions and commercial issuers of short-term paper and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure in any one financial Inventories Revenue Recognition In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods and services. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales. Product Warranties – Product Returns Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets Identifiable intangible assets consist primarily of patents, licenses, trademarks, trade names, customer lists and relationships, non-compete agreements and technology based intangibles and other contractual agreements. We amortize finite lived identifiable intangible assets over the shorter of their stated or statutory duration or their estimated useful lives, ranging from 1 to 16 years, on a straight-line basis to their estimated residual values and periodically review them for impairment. Total identifiable intangible assets comprise 14.1% and 16.1% in 2018 and 2017, respectively, of our consolidated total assets. We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations and do not amortize goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Impairment and Disposal of Long-Lived Assets For indefinite-lived intangible assets, such as trademarks and trade names, each year and whenever impairment indicators are present, we determine the fair value of the asset and record an impairment loss for the excess of book value over the fair value, if any. In addition, in all cases of an impairment review we re-evaluate whether continuing to characterize the asset as indefinite-lived is appropriate. See Note 4, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," for additional details. Depreciation - Income Taxes - We record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe these assets will more-likely-than-not be realized. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. We have established valuation allowances for deferred tax assets that are not likely to be realized. In the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of our net recorded amount, we would adjust the valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. We establish reserves for tax contingencies when, despite the belief that our tax return positions are fully supported, it is probable that certain positions may be challenged and may not be fully sustained. The tax contingency reserves are analyzed on a quarterly basis and adjusted based upon changes in facts and circumstances, such as the conclusion of federal and state audits, expiration of the statute of limitations for the assessment of tax, case law and emerging legislation. Our effective tax rate includes the effect of tax contingency reserves and changes to the reserves as considered appropriate by management. Earnings per Share The earnings and weighted average shares outstanding used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 Numerator: Net earnings (loss) $ 20,709 $ (11,897 ) Less dividends declared: Class A 522 522 Class B 2,796 2,757 Undistributed earnings (loss) $ 17,391 $ (15,176 ) Undistributed earnings (loss) allocation - basic and diluted: Class A undistributed earnings (loss) $ 2,999 $ (2,635 ) Class B undistributed earnings (loss) 14,392 (12,541 ) Total undistributed earnings (loss) $ 17,391 $ (15,176 ) Net earnings (loss) allocation - basic and diluted: Class A net earnings (loss) $ 3,521 $ (2,113 ) Class B net earnings (loss) 17,188 (9,784 ) Net earnings (loss) $ 20,709 $ (11,897 ) Denominator: Weighted average shares outstanding: Class A - basic and diluted 2,175 2,175 Class B - basic and diluted 9,939 9,857 Net earnings (loss) per share: Class A - basic and diluted $ 1.62 $ (0.97 ) Class B - basic and diluted $ 1.73 $ (0.99 ) Research and Development ("R&D") Fair Value Measurements Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 For financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, the carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short maturities of such instruments. See Note 5, "Fair Value Measurements," for additional disclosures related to fair value measurements. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) Upon adoption, the new revenue standards replaced most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. Based on our review of representative samples of contracts and other forms of agreements with customers globally and our evaluation of the provisions under the five-step model specified by the new revenue standards, the Company has implemented changes with respect to timing of revenue recognition primarily related to arrangements for which the customer takes the Company's products from a facility holding consignment inventory. In connection with the modified retrospective application of the new revenue standards, we recorded an adjustment to increase retained earnings of $3.4 million upon the January 1, 2018 adoption date. Apart from this adjustment and the inclusion of additional required disclosures in Note 3, the adoption of the new revenue standards did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments guidance was adopted by the Company effective January 1, 2018 and it did not have any impact on the Company's consolidated statement of cash flows in the periods presented. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory . Prior U.S. GAAP prohibited the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an was effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, and should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. This guidance was adopted by the Company effective January 1, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting ("ASU 2017-09") In March 2016, the FASB Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) should be recognized as income tax expense or benefit on the statements of operations. Under prior GAAP, excess tax benefits were recognized in additional paid-in capital while tax deficiencies were recognized either as an offset to accumulated excess tax benefits, if any, or on the statements of operations. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2017. Certain provisions required retrospective/modified retrospective transition while others were applied prospectively. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02") The Company will adopt ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. In connection with the adoption, we will elect to utilize the Comparatives Under 840 Option whereby the Company will continue to present prior period financial statements and disclosures under ASC 840. In addition, we will elect the transition package of three practical expedients permitted within the standard, which eliminates the requirements to reassess prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. Further, we will elect a short-term lease exception policy, permitting us to not apply the recognition requirements of this standard to short-term leases (i.e. leases with terms of 12 months or less) and an accounting policy to account for lease and non-lease components as a single component for certain classes of assets. We are finalizing the necessary changes to our accounting policies, processes, disclosures and internal control over financial reporting, and have implemented a new lease system to facilitate the requirements of the new standard. Adoption of the new standard is expected to result in the recording of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to our operating leases, each in an amount ranging from $18-$22 million, on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. The difference between the lease assets and lease liabilities, which is expected to be immaterial, will be recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. The standard is not expected to materially affect the Company's consolidated net earnings or have any impact on cash flows. In January 2017, the FASB issued Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income We are currently in the process of evaluating this new standard update. In May 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans ("ASU 2018-14") In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Cost |