Loans and Related Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 5: Loans and Related Allowance for Credit Losses Table 5.1 presents total loans outstanding by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable. Outstanding balances include unearned income, net deferred loan fees or costs, and unamortized discounts and premiums. These amounts were less than 1% of our total loans outstanding at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Outstanding balances exclude accrued interest receivable on loans, except for certain revolving loans, such as credit card loans. See Note 7 (Intangible Assets and Other Assets) for additional information on accrued interest receivable. Amounts considered to be uncollectible are reversed through interest income. During first quarter 2023, we reversed accrued interest receivable of $9 million for our commercial portfolio segment and $55 million for our consumer portfolio segment, compared with $12 million and $32 million, respectively, for the same period a year ago. Table 5.1: Loans Outstanding (in millions) Mar 31, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial $ 384,690 386,806 Commercial real estate 154,707 155,802 Lease financing 14,820 14,908 Total commercial 554,217 557,516 Residential mortgage 267,138 269,117 Credit card 45,766 46,293 Auto 52,631 53,669 Other consumer 28,239 29,276 Total consumer 393,774 398,355 Total loans $ 947,991 955,871 Our non-U.S. loans are reported by respective class of financing receivable in the table above. Substantially all of our non-U.S. loan portfolio is commercial loans. Table 5.2 presents total non-U.S. commercial loans outstanding by class of financing receivable. Table 5.2: Non-U.S. Commercial Loans Outstanding (in millions) Mar 31, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial $ 75,851 78,981 Commercial real estate 7,698 7,619 Lease financing 673 670 Total non-U.S. commercial loans $ 84,222 87,270 Loan Purchases, Sales, and Transfers Table 5.3 presents the proceeds paid or received for purchases and sales of loans and transfers from loans held for investment to mortgages/loans held for sale. The table excludes loans for which we have elected the fair value option and government insured/guaranteed residential mortgage – first lien loans because their loan activity normally does not impact the ACL. Table 5.3: Loan Purchases, Sales, and Transfers 2023 2022 (in millions) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total Quarter ended March 31, Purchases $ 416 3 419 100 — 100 Sales and net transfers (to)/from LHFS (1,115) (1) (1,116) (561) (9) (570) Unfunded Credit Commitments Unfunded credit commitments are legally binding agreements to lend to customers with terms covering usage of funds, contractual interest rates, expiration dates, and any required collatera l. Our commercial lending commitments include, but are not limited to, (i) commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, (ii) financing to customers who warehouse financial assets secured by real estate, consumer, or corporate loans, (iii) financing that is expected to be syndicated or replaced with other forms of long-term financing, and (iv) commercial real estate lending. We also originate multipurpose lending commitments under which commercial customers have the option to draw on the facility in one of several forms, including the issuance of letters of credit, which reduces the unfunded commitment amounts of the facility. The maximum credit risk for these commitments will generally be lower than the contractual amount because these commitments may expire without being used or may be cancelled at the customer’s request. We may reduce or cancel lines of credit in accordance with the contracts and applicable law. Our credit risk monitoring activities include managing the amount of commitments, both to individual customers and in total, and the size and maturity structure of these commitments. We do not recognize an ACL for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion. We issue commercial letters of credit to assist customers in purchasing goods or services, typically for international trade. At March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had $1.3 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, of outstanding issued commercial letters of credit. See Note 14 (Guarantees and Other Commitments) for additional information on issued standby letters of credit. We may be a fronting bank, whereby we act as a representative for other lenders, and advance funds or provide for the issuance of letters of credit under syndicated loan or letter of credit agreements. Any advances are generally repaid in less than a week and would normally require default of both the customer and another lender to expose us to loss. The contractual amount of our unfunded credit commitments, including unissued letters of credit, is summarized in Table 5.4. The table excludes issued letters of credit and is presented net of commitments syndicated to others, including the fronting arrangements described above. Table 5.4: Unfunded Credit Commitments (in millions) Mar 31, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial (1) $ 379,580 388,504 Commercial real estate 28,112 29,518 Total commercial 407,692 418,022 Residential mortgage (2) 37,811 39,155 Credit card 151,234 145,526 Other consumer (3) 73,294 69,244 Total consumer 262,339 253,925 Total unfunded credit commitments $ 670,031 671,947 (1) The balances of unfunded credit commitments at December 31, 2022, were revised to exclude discretionary amounts where our approval or consent is required prior to any loan funding or commitment increase, which is consistent with March 31, 2023. (2) Includes lines of credit totaling $33.9 billion and $35.5 billion as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. (3) Predominantly includes securities-based lines of credit. Allowance for Credit Losses Table 5.5 presents the allowance for credit losses (ACL) for loans, which consists of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded credit commitments. The ACL for loans increased $96 million from December 31, 2022, reflecting increases for commercial real estate loans, primarily office loans, as well as for credit card and auto loans, partially offset by a decrease for residential mortgage loans related to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures . Table 5.5: Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans Quarter ended March 31, ($ in millions) 2023 2022 Balance, beginning of period $ 13,609 13,788 Cumulative effect from change in accounting policy (1) (429) — Balance, beginning of period, adjusted 13,180 13,788 Provision for credit losses 1,129 (775) Interest income on certain loans (2) — (29) Loan charge-offs: Commercial and industrial (101) (56) Commercial real estate (27) — Lease financing (7) (4) Total commercial (135) (60) Residential mortgage (28) (47) Credit card (424) (267) Auto (217) (165) Other consumer (105) (108) Total consumer (774) (587) Total loan charge-offs (909) (647) Loan recoveries: Commercial and industrial 58 79 Commercial real estate 10 5 Lease financing 4 5 Total commercial 72 89 Residential mortgage 39 68 Credit card 80 91 Auto 96 69 Other consumer 18 25 Total consumer 233 253 Total loan recoveries 305 342 Net loan charge-offs (604) (305) Other — 2 Balance, end of period $ 13,705 12,681 Components: Allowance for loan losses $ 13,120 11,504 Allowance for unfunded credit commitments 585 1,177 Allowance for credit losses $ 13,705 12,681 Net loan charge-offs (annualized) as a percentage of average total loans 0.26 % 0.14 Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans 1.38 1.26 Allowance for credit losses for loans as a percentage of total loans 1.45 1.39 (1) Represents the change in our allowance for credit losses for loans as a result of our adoption of ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, on January 1, 2023. For additional information, see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). (2) Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, l oans with an allowance measured by discounting expected cash flows using the loan’s effective interest rate over the remaining life of the loan recognized changes in allowance attributable to the passage of time as interest income. Table 5.6 summarizes the activity in the ACL by our commercial and consumer portfolio segments. Table 5.6: Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans Activity by Portfolio Segment 2023 2022 (in millions) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total Quarter ended March 31, Balance, beginning of period $ 6,956 6,653 13,609 7,791 5,997 13,788 Cumulative effect from change in accounting policy (1) 27 (456) (429) — — — Balance, beginning of period, adjusted 6,983 6,197 13,180 7,791 5,997 13,788 Provision for credit losses 304 825 1,129 (665) (110) (775) Interest income on certain loans (2) — — — (9) (20) (29) Loan charge-offs (135) (774) (909) (60) (587) (647) Loan recoveries 72 233 305 89 253 342 Net loan charge-offs (63) (541) (604) 29 (334) (305) Other — — — 2 — 2 Balance, end of period $ 7,224 6,481 13,705 7,148 5,533 12,681 (1) Represents the change in our allowance for credit losses for loans as a result of our adoption of ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, on January 1, 2023. For additional information, see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). (2) Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, loans with an allowance measured by discounting expected cash flows using the loan’s effective interest rate over the remaining life of the loan recognized changes in allowance attributable to the passage of time as interest income. Credit Quality We monitor credit quality by evaluating various attributes and utilize such information in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL for loans. The following sections provide the credit quality indicators we most closely monitor. The credit quality indicators are generally based on information as of our financial statement date. COMMERCIAL CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS We manage a consistent process for assessing commercial loan credit quality. Commercial loans are generally subject to individual risk assessment using our internal borrower and collateral quality ratings, which is our primary credit quality indicator. Our ratings are aligned to regulatory definitions of pass and criticized categories with the criticized segmented among special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss categories. Table 5.7 provides the outstanding balances of our commercial loan portfolio by risk category and credit quality information by origination year for term loans. Revolving loans may convert to term loans as a result of a contractual provision in the original loan agreement or if modified for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. At March 31, 2023, we had $526.4 billion and $27.8 billion of pass and criticized commercial loans, respectively. Gross charge-offs by loan class are included in the following table for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, charge-offs are not a primary credit quality indicator for our loan portfolio. Table 5.7: Commercial Loan Categories by Risk Categories and Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior March 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 13,124 49,208 29,262 10,296 14,292 6,867 249,092 465 372,606 Criticized 308 1,055 1,281 636 644 953 7,207 — 12,084 Total commercial and industrial 13,432 50,263 30,543 10,932 14,936 7,820 256,299 465 384,690 Gross charge-offs (1) 3 11 14 1 3 2 67 — 101 Commercial real estate Pass 3,666 37,782 37,271 15,434 15,253 24,541 6,114 150 140,211 Criticized 546 3,175 3,481 1,250 2,867 2,970 207 — 14,496 Total commercial real estate 4,212 40,957 40,752 16,684 18,120 27,511 6,321 150 154,707 Gross charge-offs — 19 — — 6 2 — — 27 Lease financing Pass 876 4,652 3,051 1,736 1,237 2,061 — — 13,613 Criticized 88 346 298 193 158 124 — — 1,207 Total lease financing 964 4,998 3,349 1,929 1,395 2,185 — — 14,820 Gross charge-offs — 1 2 2 1 1 — — 7 Total commercial loans $ 18,608 96,218 74,644 29,545 34,451 37,516 262,620 615 554,217 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 61,646 31,376 11,128 13,656 3,285 5,739 247,594 842 375,266 Criticized 872 1,244 478 505 665 532 7,244 — 11,540 Total commercial and industrial 62,518 32,620 11,606 14,161 3,950 6,271 254,838 842 386,806 Commercial real estate Pass 38,022 38,709 16,564 16,409 10,587 16,159 6,765 150 143,365 Criticized 2,785 2,794 965 2,958 1,088 1,688 159 — 12,437 Total commercial real estate 40,807 41,503 17,529 19,367 11,675 17,847 6,924 150 155,802 Lease financing Pass 4,543 3,336 1,990 1,427 765 1,752 — — 13,813 Criticized 330 275 190 169 94 37 — — 1,095 Total lease financing 4,873 3,611 2,180 1,596 859 1,789 — — 14,908 Total commercial loans $ 108,198 77,734 31,315 35,124 16,484 25,907 261,762 992 557,516 (1) Includes charge-offs on overdrafts, which are generally charged-off at 60 days past due. Table 5.8 provides days past due (DPD) information for commercial loans, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, delinquency is not a primary credit quality indicator for commercial loans. Table 5.8: Commercial Loan Categories by Delinquency Status Still accruing Nonaccrual loans Total (in millions) Current-29 DPD 30-89 DPD 90+ DPD March 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 383,084 711 156 739 384,690 Commercial real estate 152,609 439 209 1,450 154,707 Lease financing 14,580 154 — 86 14,820 Total commercial loans $ 550,273 1,304 365 2,275 554,217 December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 384,164 1,313 583 746 386,806 Commercial real estate 153,877 833 134 958 155,802 Lease financing 14,623 166 — 119 14,908 Total commercial loans $ 552,664 2,312 717 1,823 557,516 CONSUMER CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS We have various classes of consumer loans that present unique credit risks. Loan delinquency, Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) credit scores and loan-to-value (LTV) for residential mortgage loans are the primary credit quality indicators that we monitor and utilize in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL for the consumer loan portfolio segment. Gross charge-offs by loan class are included in the following tables for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, charge-offs are not a primary credit quality indicator for our loan portfolio. Many of our loss estimation techniques used for the ACL for loans rely on delinquency-based models; therefore, delinquency is an important indicator of credit quality in the establishment of our ACL for consumer loans. Credit quality information is provided with the year of origination for term loans. Revolving loans may convert to term loans as a result of a contractual provision in the original loan agreement or if modified for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. We obtain FICO scores at loan origination and the scores are generally updated at least quarterly, except in limited circumstances, including compliance with the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). FICO scores are not available for certain loan types or may not be required if we deem it unnecessary due to strong collateral and other borrower attributes. Table 5.9 provides the outstanding balances of our residential mortgage loans by our primary credit quality indicators. LTV refers to the ratio comparing the loan’s outstanding balance to the property’s collateral value. Combined LTV (CLTV) refers to the combination of first lien mortgage and junior lien mortgage (including unused line amounts for credit line products) ratios. We obtain LTVs and CLTVs using a cascade approach which first uses values provided by automated valuation models (AVMs) for the property. If an AVM is not available, then the value is estimated using the original appraised value adjusted by the change in Home Price Index (HPI) for the property location. If an HPI is not available, the original appraised value is used. The HPI value is normally the only method considered for high value properties, generally with an original value of $1 million or more, as the AVM values have proven less accurate for these properties. Generally, we obtain available LTVs and CLTVs on a quarterly basis. Certain loans do not have an LTV or CLTV due to a lack of industry data availability and portfolios acquired from or serviced by other institutions. Table 5.9: Credit Quality Indicators for Residential Mortgage Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total March 31, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 3,480 47,927 64,977 36,806 20,514 66,158 9,942 6,951 256,755 30-89 DPD 1 46 45 23 23 627 52 146 963 90+ DPD — 16 19 12 23 485 32 255 842 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) — 12 57 120 139 8,250 — — 8,578 Total residential mortgage $ 3,481 48,001 65,098 36,961 20,699 75,520 10,026 7,352 267,138 By FICO: 740+ $ 3,215 43,911 60,969 34,845 19,117 55,653 7,811 4,145 229,666 700-739 180 2,739 2,776 1,303 904 4,851 1,067 1,009 14,829 660-699 33 940 896 426 321 2,523 522 665 6,326 620-659 15 204 192 115 83 1,212 212 351 2,384 <620 1 114 83 44 43 1,355 212 470 2,322 No FICO available 37 81 125 108 92 1,676 202 712 3,033 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) — 12 57 120 139 8,250 — — 8,578 Total residential mortgage $ 3,481 48,001 65,098 36,961 20,699 75,520 10,026 7,352 267,138 By LTV/CLTV: 0-80% $ 3,393 36,585 63,067 36,578 20,336 66,892 9,856 7,209 243,916 80.01-100% 54 11,233 1,893 191 159 159 105 95 13,889 >100% (2) — 118 21 9 7 24 26 18 223 No LTV available 34 53 60 63 58 195 39 30 532 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) — 12 57 120 139 8,250 — — 8,578 Total residential mortgage $ 3,481 48,001 65,098 36,961 20,699 75,520 10,026 7,352 267,138 Gross charge-offs $ — — — — — 14 1 13 28 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior December 31, 2022 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 48,581 65,705 37,289 20,851 6,190 61,680 11,031 6,913 258,240 30-89 DPD 65 66 32 33 21 683 58 159 1,117 90+ DPD 6 17 15 25 15 530 32 260 900 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 9 59 133 148 200 8,311 — — 8,860 Total residential mortgage $ 48,661 65,847 37,469 21,057 6,426 71,204 11,121 7,332 269,117 By FICO: 740+ $ 43,976 61,450 35,221 19,437 5,610 51,551 8,664 4,139 230,048 700-739 3,245 2,999 1,419 941 314 4,740 1,159 1,021 15,838 660-699 1,060 851 438 306 169 2,388 567 656 6,435 620-659 211 248 106 82 50 1,225 223 349 2,494 <620 59 81 44 46 28 1,323 227 466 2,274 No FICO available 101 159 108 97 55 1,666 281 701 3,168 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 9 59 133 148 200 8,311 — — 8,860 Total residential mortgage $ 48,661 65,847 37,469 21,057 6,426 71,204 11,121 7,332 269,117 By LTV/CLTV: 0-80% $ 40,869 64,613 37,145 20,744 6,155 62,593 10,923 7,188 250,230 80.01-100% 7,670 1,058 112 97 30 107 109 97 9,280 >100% (2) 48 20 13 6 3 23 28 16 157 No LTV available 65 97 66 62 38 170 61 31 590 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 9 59 133 148 200 8,311 — — 8,860 Total residential mortgage $ 48,661 65,847 37,469 21,057 6,426 71,204 11,121 7,332 269,117 (1) Government insured or guaranteed loans represent loans whose repayments are predominantly insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Loans insured/guaranteed by the FHA/VA and 90+ DPD totaled $3.0 billion and $3.2 billion at March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. (2) Reflects total loan balances with LTV/CLTV amounts in excess of 100%. In the event of default, the loss content would generally be limited to only the amount in excess of 100% LTV/CLTV. Table 5.10 provides the outstanding balances of our credit card loan portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. The revolving loans converted to term loans in the credit card loan category represent credit card loans with modified terms that require payment over a specific term. For the quarter ended March 31, 2023, we had gross charge-offs in the credit card portfolio of $404 million for revolving loans and $20 million for revolving loans converted to term loans. Table 5.10: Credit Quality Indicators for Credit Card Loans March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) Total Total By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 44,519 250 44,769 45,131 223 45,354 30-89 DPD 455 31 486 457 27 484 90+ DPD 493 18 511 441 14 455 Total credit cards $ 45,467 299 45,766 46,029 264 46,293 By FICO: 740+ $ 16,747 20 16,767 16,681 19 16,700 700-739 10,451 41 10,492 10,640 37 10,677 660-699 9,390 60 9,450 9,573 55 9,628 620-659 4,703 52 4,755 4,885 45 4,930 <620 4,074 125 4,199 4,071 107 4,178 No FICO available 102 1 103 179 1 180 Total credit cards $ 45,467 299 45,766 46,029 264 46,293 Table 5.11 provides the outstanding balances of our Auto loan portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. Table 5.11: Credit Quality Indicators for Auto Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total March 31, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 4,710 17,382 17,366 6,651 3,919 1,377 — — 51,405 30-89 DPD 3 230 492 201 125 76 — — 1,127 90+ DPD — 23 47 15 9 5 — — 99 Total auto $ 4,713 17,635 17,905 6,867 4,053 1,458 — — 52,631 By FICO: 740+ $ 3,079 8,400 7,461 2,799 1,790 591 — — 24,120 700-739 756 2,737 2,673 1,112 651 219 — — 8,148 660-699 519 2,502 2,567 1,002 538 180 — — 7,308 620-659 221 1,810 1,901 686 355 132 — — 5,105 <620 138 2,162 3,277 1,244 687 307 — — 7,815 No FICO available — 24 26 24 32 29 — — 135 Total auto $ 4,713 17,635 17,905 6,867 4,053 1,458 — — 52,631 Gross charge-offs $ — 60 107 29 17 4 — — 217 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total December 31, 2022 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 19,101 19,126 7,507 4,610 1,445 421 — — 52,210 30-89 DPD 218 585 253 167 69 45 — — 1,337 90+ DPD 23 56 22 13 4 4 — — 122 Total auto $ 19,342 19,767 7,782 4,790 1,518 470 — — 53,669 By FICO: 740+ $ 9,361 8,233 3,193 2,146 664 166 — — 23,763 700-739 3,090 3,033 1,287 788 238 64 — — 8,500 660-699 2,789 2,926 1,163 641 192 58 — — 7,769 620-659 2,021 2,156 796 421 130 47 — — 5,571 <620 2,062 3,389 1,316 756 263 126 — — 7,912 No FICO available 19 30 27 38 31 9 — — 154 Total auto $ 19,342 19,767 7,782 4,790 1,518 470 — — 53,669 Table 5.12 provides the outstanding balances of our Other consumer loans portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. Table 5.12: Credit Quality Indicators for Other Consumer Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total March 31, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 1,128 3,219 1,013 288 191 115 22,063 110 28,127 30-89 DPD 1 25 10 2 2 3 16 10 69 90+ DPD — 8 5 1 — 1 14 14 43 Total other consumer $ 1,129 3,252 1,028 291 193 119 22,093 134 28,239 By FICO: 740+ $ 653 1,626 462 150 86 49 1,462 31 4,519 700-739 239 615 181 45 34 19 529 18 1,680 660-699 143 481 151 28 25 15 408 18 1,269 620-659 31 197 68 11 11 9 159 13 499 <620 5 117 63 12 14 10 144 18 383 No FICO available 58 216 103 45 23 17 854 36 1,352 FICO not required (1) — — — — — — 18,537 — 18,537 Total other consumer $ 1,129 3,252 1,028 291 193 119 22,093 134 28,239 Gross charge-offs (2) $ 13 53 15 3 3 2 14 2 105 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior December 31, 2022 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 3,718 1,184 341 240 63 83 23,431 117 29,177 30-89 DPD 17 12 2 3 1 2 14 8 59 90+ DPD 5 5 1 1 — 1 13 14 40 Total other consumer $ 3,740 1,201 344 244 64 86 23,458 139 29,276 By FICO: 740+ $ 1,908 546 174 112 21 50 1,660 43 4,514 700-739 726 216 62 44 10 13 568 18 1,657 660-699 527 177 34 33 9 8 449 19 1,256 620-659 204 81 13 14 4 5 181 11 513 <620 89 64 14 16 5 5 154 18 365 No FICO available 286 117 47 25 15 5 920 30 1,445 FICO not required (1) — — — — — — 19,526 — 19,526 Total other consumer $ 3,740 1,201 344 244 64 86 23,458 139 29,276 (1) Substantially all loans not requiring a FICO score are securities-based loans originated by the Wealth and Investment Management operating segment. (2) Includes charge-offs on overdrafts, which are generally charged-off at 60 days past due. NONACCRUAL LOANS Table 5.13 provides loans on nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual loans may have an ACL or a negative allowance for credit losses from expected recoveries of amounts previously written off. Table 5.13: Nonaccrual Loans Amortized cost Recognized interest income Nonaccrual loans Nonaccrual loans without related allowance for credit losses (1) Quarter ended March 31, (in millions) Mar 31, Dec 31, Mar 31, Dec 31, 2023 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 739 746 125 174 5 22 Commercial real estate 1,450 958 131 134 8 17 Lease financing 86 119 4 5 — — Total commercial 2,275 1,823 260 313 13 39 Residential mortgage 3,552 3,611 2,281 2,316 47 55 Auto 145 153 — — 5 8 Other consumer 38 39 — — 1 1 Total consumer 3,735 3,803 2,281 2,316 53 64 Total nonaccrual loans $ 6,010 5,626 2,541 2,629 66 103 (1) Nonaccrual loans may not have an allowance for credit losses if the loss expectations are zero given the related collateral value. LOANS IN PROCESS OF FORECLOSURE Our recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in process of foreclosure was $1.0 billion at both March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, which included $762 million and $771 million, respectively, of loans that are government insured/guaranteed. Under the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau guidelines, we do not commence the foreclosure process on residential mortgage loans until after the loan is 120 days delinquent. Foreclosure procedures and timelines vary depending on whether the property address resides in a judicial or non-judicial state. Judicial states require the foreclosure to be processed through the state’s courts while non-judicial states are processed without court intervention. Foreclosure timelines vary according to state law. LOANS 90 DAYS OR MORE PAST DUE AND STILL ACCRUING Certain loans 90 days or more past due are still accruing, because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) residential mortgage or consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due. Table 5.14 shows loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing by class for loans not government insured/guaranteed. Table 5.14: Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing (in millions) Mar 31, Dec 31, Total: $ 3,822 4,340 Less: FHA insured/VA guaranteed (1) 2,809 3,005 Total, not government insured/guaranteed $ 1,013 1,335 By segment and class, not government insured/guaranteed: Commercial and industrial $ 156 583 Commercial real estate 209 134 Total commercial 365 717 Residential mortgage 29 28 Credit card 511 455 Auto 80 111 Other consumer 28 24 Total consumer 648 618 Total, not government insured/guaranteed $ 1,013 1,335 LOAN MODIFICATIONS TO BORROWERS EXPERIENCING FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY We may agree to modify the contractual terms of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Our commercial loan modifications may include principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extensions, or a combination of these modifications. Commercial loan term extensions have terms that vary based on the borrower’s request and are evaluated by our credit teams on an individual basis. Our consumer loan modifications vary based upon the loan product and the modification program offered to the borrower, and may include interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extensions, principal forbearance or forgiveness, or a combination of these modifications. Generally, our consumer loan modification programs modify the loan terms to achieve payment terms that are more affordable to the borrower and, as a result, increase the likelihood of full repayment of principal and interest. Our residential mortgage loan modification programs may offer a short-term payment deferral based upon the borrower's demonstrated hardship, up to 12 months. If additional assistance is needed after 12 months, the borrower may request another loan modification. Modifications may also include a trial payment period of three months to determine if the borrower can perform in accordance with the proposed permanent loan modification terms. Loans in a trial payment period continue to advance through delinquency status and accrue interest according to their original terms. Loans in a trial payment period are excluded from our loan modification disclosures until the borrower has successfully completed the trial period and the loan modification is formally executed. Residential mortgage loans in a trial payment period totaled $161 million at March 31, 2023. Credit card loan modifications result in a reduction in the credit card interest rate and may be offered on a short-term or long-term basis. A short-term interest rate reduction program reduces the borrower’s interest rate for 12 months. A long-term interest rate reduction program provides a reduction of the interest rate over a fixed five-year term. During the modification period, the borrower’s revolving charge privileges are revoked. Auto loan modifications generally include insignificant (e.g., three months or less) payment deferrals over the loan term. The following disclosures provide information on loan modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant (e.g., greater than three months) payment delays, term extensions or a combination of these modifications, as well as the financial effects of these modifications, and loan performance in the twelve months following the modification. Loans that both modify and are paid off or charged-off during the period, resulting in an amortized cost balance of zero at the end of the period, are not included in the disclosures below. Additionally, where amortized cost balances are presented below, accrued interest receivable is excluded. See Note 7 (Intangible Assets and Other Assets) for additional information on accrued interest receivable. Borrowers experiencing financial difficulty with modified terms mandated by a bankruptcy court are considered contractually modified loans and are included in these disclosures. These disclosures do not include loans discharged by a bankruptcy court as the only concession, which were insignificant for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. Table 5.15 presents the amortized cost of commercial loans that were modified during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, by class of financing receivable and by modification type. Table 5.15: Commercial Loan Modifications Modification type Modifications as a % of ($ in millions) Principal forgiveness Interest Payment delay Term extension Interest rate reduction & term extension All other modifications and combinations Total Quarter ended March 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 15 5 3 112 1 1 137 0.04 % Commercial real estate — 8 1 56 7 — 72 0.05 Total commercial $ 15 13 4 168 8 1 209 0.04 Table 5.15a presents the financial effects of modifications made to commercial loans that were modified during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, presented by class of financing receivable. Table 5.15a: Financial Effects of Commercial Loan Modifications Quarter ended ($ in millions) Principal forgiven Weighted average interest rate reduction Weighted average payments deferred (months) Weighted average term extension (months) March 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 5 13.66 % 6 6 Commercial real estate 0 2.80 6 20 Commercial loans that received a modification during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, and subsequently defaulted were insignificant. Defaults that occur on commercial modifications are reported based on a payment default definition of 90 days past due. T |