Loans and Related Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 5: Loans and Related Allowance for Credit Losses Table 5.1 presents total loans outstanding by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable. Outstanding balances include unearned income, net deferred loan fees or costs, and unamortized discounts and premiums. These amounts were less than 1% of our total loans outstanding at both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022. Outstanding balances exclude accrued interest receivable on loans, except for certain revolving loans, such as credit card loans. See Note 7 (Intangible Assets and Other Assets) for additional information on accrued interest receivable. Amounts considered to be uncollectible are reversed through interest income. During the first nine months of 2023, we reversed accrued interest receivable of $31 million for our commercial portfolio segment and $188 million for our consumer portfolio segment, compared with $26 million and $100 million, respectively, for the same period a year ago. Table 5.1: Loans Outstanding (in millions) Sep 30, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial $ 382,527 386,806 Commercial real estate 152,486 155,802 Lease financing 16,038 14,908 Total commercial 551,051 557,516 Residential mortgage 263,174 269,117 Credit card 49,851 46,293 Auto 49,865 53,669 Other consumer 28,483 29,276 Total consumer 391,373 398,355 Total loans $ 942,424 955,871 Our non-U.S. loans are reported by respective class of financing receivable in the table above. Substantially all of our non-U.S. loan portfolio is commercial loans. Table 5.2 presents total non-U.S. commercial loans outstanding by class of financing receivable. Table 5.2: Non-U.S. Commercial Loans Outstanding (in millions) Sep 30, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial $ 73,528 78,981 Commercial real estate 6,942 7,619 Lease financing 700 670 Total non-U.S. commercial loans $ 81,170 87,270 Loan Purchases, Sales, and Transfers Table 5.3 presents the proceeds paid or received for purchases and sales of loans and transfers from loans held for investment to mortgages/loans held for sale. The table excludes loans for which we have elected the fair value option and government insured/guaranteed residential mortgage – first lien loans because their loan activity normally does not impact the ACL. Table 5.3: Loan Purchases, Sales, and Transfers 2023 2022 (in millions) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total Quarter ended September 30, Purchases $ 456 2 458 127 1 128 Sales and net transfers (to)/from LHFS (711) — (711) (785) (1,118) (1,903) Nine months ended September 30, Purchases $ 1,067 306 1,373 503 3 506 Sales and net transfers (to)/from LHFS (2,394) (100) (2,494) (2,097) (1,141) (3,238) Unfunded Credit Commitments Unfunded credit commitments are legally binding agreements to lend to customers with terms covering usage of funds, contractual interest rates, expiration dates, and any required collatera l. Our commercial lending commitments include, but are not limited to, (i) commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, (ii) financing to customers who warehouse financial assets secured by real estate, consumer, or corporate loans, (iii) financing that is expected to be syndicated or replaced with other forms of long-term financing, and (iv) commercial real estate lending. We also originate multipurpose lending commitments under which commercial customers have the option to draw on the facility in one of several forms, including the issuance of letters of credit, which reduces the unfunded commitment amounts of the facility. The maximum credit risk for these commitments will generally be lower than the contractual amount because these commitments may expire without being used or may be cancelled at the customer’s request. We may reduce or cancel lines of credit in accordance with the contracts and applicable law. Our credit risk monitoring activities include managing the amount of commitments, both to individual customers and in total, and the size and maturity structure of these commitments. We do not recognize an ACL for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion. We issue commercial letters of credit to assist customers in purchasing goods or services, typically for international trade. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had $1.4 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, of outstanding issued commercial letters of credit. See Note 14 (Guarantees and Other Commitments) for additional information on issued standby letters of credit. We may be a fronting bank, whereby we act as a representative for other lenders, and advance funds or provide for the issuance of letters of credit under syndicated loan or letter of credit agreements. Any advances are generally repaid in less than a week and would normally require default of both the customer and another lender to expose us to loss. The contractual amount of our unfunded credit commitments, including unissued letters of credit, is summarized in Table 5.4. The table is presented net of commitments syndicated to others, including the fronting arrangements described above, and excludes issued letters of credit and discretionary amounts where our approval or consent is required prior to any loan funding or commitment increase. Table 5.4: Unfunded Credit Commitments (in millions) Sep 30, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial (1) $ 390,642 388,504 Commercial real estate 22,785 29,518 Total commercial 413,427 418,022 Residential mortgage (2) 32,149 39,155 Credit card 159,611 145,526 Other consumer (3) 75,563 69,244 Total consumer 267,323 253,925 Total unfunded credit commitments $ 680,750 671,947 (1) Effective first quarter 2023, unfunded credit commitments exclude discretionary amounts where our approval or consent is required prior to any loan funding or commitment increase. Prior period balances have been revised to conform with the current period presentation. (2) Includes lines of credit totaling $30.1 billion and $35.5 billion as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. (3) Predominantly includes securities-based lines of credit. Allowance for Credit Losses Table 5.5 presents the allowance for credit losses (ACL) for loans, which consists of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded credit commitments. The ACL for loans increased $1.5 billion from December 31, 2022, reflecting increases for commercial real estate loans, primarily office loans, as well as for increases in credit card loan balances, partially offset by a decrease for residential mortgage loans related to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures . Table 5.5: Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans Quarter ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions) 2023 2022 2023 2022 Balance, beginning of period $ 14,786 12,884 $ 13,609 13,788 Cumulative effect from change in accounting policy (1) — — (429) — Balance, beginning of period, adjusted 14,786 12,884 13,180 13,788 Provision for credit losses 1,143 773 4,111 576 Interest income on certain loans (2) — (26) — (82) Loan charge-offs: Commercial and industrial (126) (85) (374) (209) Commercial real estate (96) (3) (204) (6) Lease financing (8) (11) (21) (20) Total commercial (230) (99) (599) (235) Residential mortgage (37) (43) (97) (136) Credit card (503) (290) (1,407) (844) Auto (223) (199) (623) (515) Other consumer (124) (105) (339) (307) Total consumer (887) (637) (2,466) (1,802) Total loan charge-offs (1,117) (736) (3,065) (2,037) Loan recoveries: Commercial and industrial 33 72 119 192 Commercial real estate 3 15 15 27 Lease financing 6 6 14 16 Total commercial 42 93 148 235 Residential mortgage 41 57 124 187 Credit card 83 88 247 267 Auto 85 78 275 230 Other consumer 16 21 53 70 Total consumer 225 244 699 754 Total loan recoveries 267 337 847 989 Net loan charge-offs (850) (399) (2,218) (1,048) Other (15) (7) (9) (9) Balance, end of period $ 15,064 13,225 $ 15,064 13,225 Components: Allowance for loan losses $ 14,554 12,571 $ 14,554 12,571 Allowance for unfunded credit commitments 510 654 510 654 Allowance for credit losses $ 15,064 13,225 $ 15,064 13,225 Net loan charge-offs (annualized) as a percentage of average total loans 0.36 % 0.17 0.31 % 0.15 Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans 1.54 1.33 1.54 1.33 Allowance for credit losses for loans as a percentage of total loans 1.60 1.40 1.60 1.40 (1) Represents the change in our allowance for credit losses for loans as a result of our adoption of ASU 2022–02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, on January 1, 2023. For additional information, see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). (2) Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022–02, loans with an allowance measured by discounting expected cash flows using the loan’s effective interest rate over the remaining life of the loan recognized changes in allowance attributable to the passage of time as interest income. Table 5.6 summarizes the activity in the ACL by our commercial and consumer portfolio segments. Table 5.6: Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans Activity by Portfolio Segment 2023 2022 (in millions) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total Quarter ended September 30, Balance, beginning of period $ 8,081 6,705 14,786 7,082 5,802 12,884 Provision for credit losses 433 710 1,143 (72) 845 773 Interest income on certain loans (1) — — — (6) (20) (26) Loan charge-offs (230) (887) (1,117) (99) (637) (736) Loan recoveries 42 225 267 93 244 337 Net loan charge-offs (188) (662) (850) (6) (393) (399) Other (16) 1 (15) (7) — (7) Balance, end of period $ 8,310 6,754 15,064 6,991 6,234 13,225 Nine months ended September 30, Balance, beginning of period $ 6,956 6,653 13,609 7,791 5,997 13,788 Cumulative effect from change in accounting policy (2) 27 (456) (429) — — — Balance, beginning of period, adjusted 6,983 6,197 13,180 7,791 5,997 13,788 Provision for credit losses 1,793 2,318 4,111 (769) 1,345 576 Interest income on certain loans (1) — — — (22) (60) (82) Loan charge-offs (599) (2,466) (3,065) (235) (1,802) (2,037) Loan recoveries 148 699 847 235 754 989 Net loan charge-offs (451) (1,767) (2,218) — (1,048) (1,048) Other (15) 6 (9) (9) — (9) Balance, end of period $ 8,310 6,754 15,064 6,991 6,234 13,225 (1) Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022–02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, on January 1, 2023, loans with an allowance measured by discounting expected cash flows using the loan’s effective interest rate over the remaining life of the loan recognized changes in allowance attributable to the passage of time as interest income. (2) Represents the change in our allowance for credit losses for loans as a result of our adoption of ASU 2022–02. For additional information, see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). Credit Quality We monitor credit quality by evaluating various attributes and utilize such information in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL for loans. The following sections provide the credit quality indicators we most closely monitor. The credit quality indicators are generally based on information as of our financial statement date. COMMERCIAL CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS We manage a consistent process for assessing commercial loan credit quality. Commercial loans are generally subject to individual risk assessment using our internal borrower and collateral quality ratings, which is our primary credit quality indicator. Our ratings are aligned to regulatory definitions of pass and criticized categories with the criticized segmented among special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss categories. Table 5.7 provides the outstanding balances of our commercial loan portfolio by risk category and credit quality information by origination year for term loans. Revolving loans may convert to term loans as a result of a contractual provision in the original loan agreement or if modified for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. At September 30, 2023, we had $519.2 billion and $31.9 billion of pass and criticized commercial loans, respectively. Gross charge-offs by loan class are included in the following table for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, charge-offs are not a primary credit quality indicator for our loan portfolio. Table 5.7: Commercial Loan Categories by Risk Categories and Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 32,939 42,757 23,556 9,084 12,495 5,914 242,720 383 369,848 Criticized 721 1,311 1,392 429 245 528 8,053 — 12,679 Total commercial and industrial 33,660 44,068 24,948 9,513 12,740 6,442 250,773 383 382,527 Gross charge-offs (1) 86 18 28 4 6 6 226 — 374 Commercial real estate Pass 12,148 35,116 33,719 12,832 13,182 21,051 6,193 225 134,466 Criticized 1,921 4,169 4,329 1,911 2,875 2,471 344 — 18,020 Total commercial real estate 14,069 39,285 38,048 14,743 16,057 23,522 6,537 225 152,486 Gross charge-offs 1 79 — — 80 44 — — 204 Lease financing Pass 4,229 4,078 2,588 1,340 927 1,682 — — 14,844 Criticized 270 339 255 128 112 90 — — 1,194 Total lease financing 4,499 4,417 2,843 1,468 1,039 1,772 — — 16,038 Gross charge-offs 1 5 6 4 3 2 — — 21 Total commercial loans $ 52,228 87,770 65,839 25,724 29,836 31,736 257,310 608 551,051 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 61,646 31,376 11,128 13,656 3,285 5,739 247,594 842 375,266 Criticized 872 1,244 478 505 665 532 7,244 — 11,540 Total commercial and industrial 62,518 32,620 11,606 14,161 3,950 6,271 254,838 842 386,806 Commercial real estate Pass 38,022 38,709 16,564 16,409 10,587 16,159 6,765 150 143,365 Criticized 2,785 2,794 965 2,958 1,088 1,688 159 — 12,437 Total commercial real estate 40,807 41,503 17,529 19,367 11,675 17,847 6,924 150 155,802 Lease financing Pass 4,543 3,336 1,990 1,427 765 1,752 — — 13,813 Criticized 330 275 190 169 94 37 — — 1,095 Total lease financing 4,873 3,611 2,180 1,596 859 1,789 — — 14,908 Total commercial loans $ 108,198 77,734 31,315 35,124 16,484 25,907 261,762 992 557,516 (1) Includes charge-offs on overdrafts, which are generally charged-off at 60 days past due. Table 5.8 provides days past due (DPD) information for commercial loans, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, delinquency is not a primary credit quality indicator for commercial loans. Table 5.8: Commercial Loan Categories by Delinquency Status Still accruing Nonaccrual loans Total (in millions) Current-29 DPD 30-89 DPD 90+ DPD September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 381,261 512 116 638 382,527 Commercial real estate 148,216 392 15 3,863 152,486 Lease financing 15,818 135 — 85 16,038 Total commercial loans $ 545,295 1,039 131 4,586 551,051 December 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 384,164 1,313 583 746 386,806 Commercial real estate 153,877 833 134 958 155,802 Lease financing 14,623 166 — 119 14,908 Total commercial loans $ 552,664 2,312 717 1,823 557,516 CONSUMER CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS We have various classes of consumer loans that present unique credit risks. Loan delinquency, Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) credit scores and loan-to-value (LTV) for residential mortgage loans are the primary credit quality indicators that we monitor and utilize in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL for the consumer loan portfolio segment. Gross charge-offs by loan class are included in the following tables for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, charge-offs are not a primary credit quality indicator for our loan portfolio. Many of our loss estimation techniques used for the ACL for loans rely on delinquency-based models; therefore, delinquency is an important indicator of credit quality in the establishment of our ACL for consumer loans. Credit quality information is provided with the year of origination for term loans. Revolving loans may convert to term loans as a result of a contractual provision in the original loan agreement or if modified for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. We obtain FICO scores at loan origination and the scores are generally updated at least quarterly, except in limited circumstances, including compliance with the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). FICO scores are not available for certain loan types or may not be required if we deem it unnecessary due to strong collateral and other borrower attributes. Table 5.9 provides the outstanding balances of our residential mortgage loans by our primary credit quality indicators. LTV refers to the ratio comparing the loan’s outstanding balance to the property’s collateral value. Combined LTV (CLTV) refers to the combination of first lien mortgage and junior lien mortgage (including unused line amounts for credit line products) ratios. We obtain LTVs and CLTVs using a cascade approach which first uses values provided by automated valuation models (AVMs) for the property. If an AVM is not available, then the value is estimated using the original appraised value adjusted by the change in Home Price Index (HPI) for the property location. If an HPI is not available, the original appraised value is used. The HPI value is normally the only method considered for high value properties, generally with an original value of $1 million or more, as the AVM values have proven less accurate for these properties. Generally, we obtain available LTVs and CLTVs on a quarterly basis. Certain loans do not have an LTV or CLTV due to a lack of industry data availability and portfolios acquired from or serviced by other institutions. Table 5.9: Credit Quality Indicators for Residential Mortgage Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total September 30, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 11,065 46,639 63,271 35,617 19,698 62,054 8,466 6,852 253,662 30-89 DPD 1 61 45 26 19 702 43 145 1,042 90+ DPD — 14 9 8 20 352 26 210 639 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 1 14 45 104 119 7,548 — — 7,831 Total residential mortgage $ 11,067 46,728 63,370 35,755 19,856 70,656 8,535 7,207 263,174 By FICO: 740+ $ 10,230 43,033 59,643 33,743 18,358 52,443 6,706 4,160 228,316 700-739 616 2,380 2,465 1,252 842 4,486 926 994 13,961 660-699 160 863 815 393 305 2,343 434 627 5,940 620-659 35 219 190 96 73 1,051 160 313 2,137 <620 3 100 87 52 62 1,227 180 455 2,166 No FICO available 22 119 125 115 97 1,558 129 658 2,823 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 1 14 45 104 119 7,548 — — 7,831 Total residential mortgage $ 11,067 46,728 63,370 35,755 19,856 70,656 8,535 7,207 263,174 By LTV/CLTV: 0-80% $ 10,901 40,290 62,569 35,476 19,566 62,796 8,403 7,044 247,045 80.01-100% 140 6,237 679 105 106 131 98 114 7,610 >100% (2) 8 101 21 11 10 21 20 21 213 No LTV available 17 86 56 59 55 160 14 28 475 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 1 14 45 104 119 7,548 — — 7,831 Total residential mortgage $ 11,067 46,728 63,370 35,755 19,856 70,656 8,535 7,207 263,174 Gross charge-offs $ — — — — — 43 4 50 97 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior December 31, 2022 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 48,581 65,705 37,289 20,851 6,190 61,680 11,031 6,913 258,240 30-89 DPD 65 66 32 33 21 683 58 159 1,117 90+ DPD 6 17 15 25 15 530 32 260 900 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 9 59 133 148 200 8,311 — — 8,860 Total residential mortgage $ 48,661 65,847 37,469 21,057 6,426 71,204 11,121 7,332 269,117 By FICO: 740+ $ 43,976 61,450 35,221 19,437 5,610 51,551 8,664 4,139 230,048 700-739 3,245 2,999 1,419 941 314 4,740 1,159 1,021 15,838 660-699 1,060 851 438 306 169 2,388 567 656 6,435 620-659 211 248 106 82 50 1,225 223 349 2,494 <620 59 81 44 46 28 1,323 227 466 2,274 No FICO available 101 159 108 97 55 1,666 281 701 3,168 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 9 59 133 148 200 8,311 — — 8,860 Total residential mortgage $ 48,661 65,847 37,469 21,057 6,426 71,204 11,121 7,332 269,117 By LTV/CLTV: 0-80% $ 40,869 64,613 37,145 20,744 6,155 62,593 10,923 7,188 250,230 80.01-100% 7,670 1,058 112 97 30 107 109 97 9,280 >100% (2) 48 20 13 6 3 23 28 16 157 No LTV available 65 97 66 62 38 170 61 31 590 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 9 59 133 148 200 8,311 — — 8,860 Total residential mortgage $ 48,661 65,847 37,469 21,057 6,426 71,204 11,121 7,332 269,117 (1) Government insured or guaranteed loans represent loans whose repayments are predominantly insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Loans insured/guaranteed by the FHA/VA and 90+ DPD totaled $2.8 billion and $3.2 billion at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. (2) Reflects total loan balances with LTV/CLTV amounts in excess of 100%. In the event of default, the loss content would generally be limited to only the amount in excess of 100% LTV/CLTV. Table 5.10 provides the outstanding balances of our credit card loan portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. The revolving loans converted to term loans in the credit card loan category represent credit card loans with modified terms that require payment over a specific term. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had gross charge-offs in the credit card portfolio of $1.3 billion for revolving loans and $68 million for revolving loans converted to term loans. Table 5.10: Credit Quality Indicators for Credit Card Loans September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) Total Total By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 48,244 321 48,565 45,131 223 45,354 30-89 DPD 596 42 638 457 27 484 90+ DPD 627 21 648 441 14 455 Total credit cards $ 49,467 384 49,851 46,029 264 46,293 By FICO: 740+ $ 18,190 22 18,212 16,681 19 16,700 700-739 11,252 47 11,299 10,640 37 10,677 660-699 10,164 77 10,241 9,573 55 9,628 620-659 5,100 68 5,168 4,885 45 4,930 <620 4,591 169 4,760 4,071 107 4,178 No FICO available 170 1 171 179 1 180 Total credit cards $ 49,467 384 49,851 46,029 264 46,293 Table 5.11 provides the outstanding balances of our Auto loan portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. Table 5.11: Credit Quality Indicators for Auto Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total September 30, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 11,904 14,342 13,874 5,021 2,674 675 48,490 30-89 DPD 33 319 546 204 114 50 1,266 90+ DPD 2 32 49 15 7 4 109 Total auto $ 11,939 14,693 14,469 5,240 2,795 729 49,865 By FICO: 740+ $ 8,003 7,222 6,119 2,152 1,211 278 24,985 700-739 1,907 2,219 2,128 828 438 106 7,626 660-699 1,217 1,969 1,975 735 365 90 6,351 620-659 501 1,334 1,421 500 241 66 4,063 <620 306 1,934 2,787 997 515 174 6,713 No FICO available 5 15 39 28 25 15 127 Total auto $ 11,939 14,693 14,469 5,240 2,795 729 49,865 Gross charge-offs $ 6 192 300 76 42 7 623 Term loans by origination year (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total December 31, 2022 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 19,101 19,126 7,507 4,610 1,445 421 52,210 30-89 DPD 218 585 253 167 69 45 1,337 90+ DPD 23 56 22 13 4 4 122 Total auto $ 19,342 19,767 7,782 4,790 1,518 470 53,669 By FICO: 740+ $ 9,361 8,233 3,193 2,146 664 166 23,763 700-739 3,090 3,033 1,287 788 238 64 8,500 660-699 2,789 2,926 1,163 641 192 58 7,769 620-659 2,021 2,156 796 421 130 47 5,571 <620 2,062 3,389 1,316 756 263 126 7,912 No FICO available 19 30 27 38 31 9 154 Total auto $ 19,342 19,767 7,782 4,790 1,518 470 53,669 Table 5.12 provides the outstanding balances of our Other consumer loans portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. Table 5.12: Credit Quality Indicators for Other Consumer Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total September 30, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 2,965 2,456 697 197 118 70 21,734 116 28,353 30-89 DPD 14 32 10 2 1 2 15 4 80 90+ DPD 4 12 4 1 1 1 15 12 50 Total other consumer $ 2,983 2,500 711 200 120 73 21,764 132 28,483 By FICO: 740+ $ 1,749 1,118 314 101 50 32 1,230 28 4,622 700-739 587 467 136 35 20 12 509 21 1,787 660-699 359 404 108 19 15 10 399 16 1,330 620-659 100 179 51 7 7 6 159 13 522 <620 44 148 54 9 9 7 144 15 430 No FICO available (1) 144 184 48 29 19 6 19,323 39 19,792 Total other consumer $ 2,983 2,500 711 200 120 73 21,764 132 28,483 Gross charge-offs (2) $ 108 119 40 7 7 5 44 9 339 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior December 31, 2022 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 3,718 1,184 341 240 63 83 23,431 117 29,177 30-89 DPD 17 12 2 3 1 2 14 8 59 90+ DPD 5 5 1 1 — 1 13 14 40 Total other consumer $ 3,740 1,201 344 244 64 86 23,458 139 29,276 By FICO: 740+ $ 1,908 546 174 112 21 50 1,660 43 4,514 700-739 726 216 62 44 10 13 568 18 1,657 660-699 527 177 34 33 9 8 449 19 1,256 620-659 204 81 13 14 4 5 181 11 513 <620 89 64 14 16 5 5 154 18 365 No FICO available (1) 286 117 47 25 15 5 20,446 30 20,971 Total other consumer $ 3,740 1,201 344 244 64 86 23,458 139 29,276 (1) Substantially all loans do not require a FICO score and are revolving securities-based loans originated by the Wealth and Investment Management operating segment. (2) Includes charge-offs on overdrafts, which are generally charged-off at 60 days past due. NONACCRUAL LOANS Table 5.13 provides loans on nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual loans may have an ACL or a negative allowance for credit losses from expected recoveries of amounts previously written off. Table 5.13: Nonaccrual Loans Amortized cost Recognized interest income Nonaccrual loans Nonaccrual loans without related allowance for credit losses (1) Nine months ended September 30, (in millions) Sep 30, Dec 31, Sep 30, Dec 31, 2023 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 638 746 75 174 14 57 Commercial real estate 3,863 958 270 134 22 44 Lease financing 85 119 6 5 — — Total commercial 4,586 1,823 351 313 36 101 Residential mortgage 3,258 3,611 2,082 2,316 146 161 Auto 126 153 — — 15 21 Other consumer 32 39 — — 3 3 Total consumer 3,416 3,803 2,082 2,316 164 185 Total nonaccrual loans $ 8,002 5,626 2,433 2,629 200 286 (1) Nonaccrual loans may not have an allowance for credit losses if the loss expectations are zero given the related collateral value. LOANS IN PROCESS OF FORECLOSURE Our recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in process of foreclosure was $904 million and $1.0 billion at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, which included $716 million and $771 million, respectively, of loans that are government insured/guaranteed. Under the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau guidelines, we do not commence the foreclosure process on residential mortgage loans until after the loan is 120 days delinquent. Foreclosure procedures and timelines vary depending on whether the property address resides in a judicial or non-judicial state. Judicial states require the foreclosure to be processed through the state’s courts while non-judicial states are processed without court intervention. Foreclosure timelines vary according to state law. LOANS 90 DAYS OR MORE PAST DUE AND STILL ACCRUING Certain loans 90 days or more past due are still accruing, because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) residential mortgage or consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due. Table 5.14 shows loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing by class for loans not government insured/guaranteed. Table 5.14: Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing (in millions) Sep 30, Dec 31, Total: $ 3,634 4,340 Less: FHA insured/VA guaranteed (1) 2,696 3,005 Total, not government insured/guaranteed $ 938 1,335 By segment and class, not government insured/guaranteed: Commercial and industrial $ 116 583 Commercial real estate 15 134 Total commercial 131 717 Residential mortgage 23 28 Credit card 648 455 Auto 99 111 Other consumer 37 24 Total consumer 807 618 Total, not government insured/guaranteed $ 938 1,335 LOAN MODIFICATIONS TO BORROWERS EXPERIENCING FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY We may agree to modify the contractual terms of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Our commercial loan modifications may include principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extensions, or a combination of these modifications. Commercial loan term extensions have terms that vary based on the borrower’s request and are evaluated by our credit teams on an individual basis. Our consumer loan modifications vary based upon the loan product and the modification program offered to the borrower, and may include interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extensions, principal forbearance or forgiveness, or a combination of these modifications. Generally, our consumer loan modification programs modify the loan terms to achieve payment terms that are more affordable to the borrower and, as a result, increase the likelihood of full repayment of principal and interest. Our residential mortgage loan modification programs may offer a short-term payment deferral based upon the borrower's demonstrated hardship, up to 12 months. If additional assistance is needed after 12 months, the borrower may request another loan modification. Modifications may also include a trial payment period of three months to determine if the borrower can perform in accordance with the proposed permanent loan modification terms. Loans in a trial payment period continue to advance through delinquency status and accrue interest according to their original terms. Loans in a trial payment period are excluded from our loan modification disclosures until the borrower has successfully completed the trial period and the loan modification is formally executed. Residential mortgage loans in a trial payment period totaled $115 million at September 30, 2023. Credit card loan modifications result in a reduction in the credit card interest rate and may be offered on a short-term or long-term basis. A short-term interest rate reduction program reduces the borrower’s interest rate for 12 months. A long-term interest rate reduction program provides a reduction of the interest rate over a fixed five-year term. During the modification period, the borrower’s revolving charge privileges are revoked. Auto loan modifications generally include insignificant (e.g., three months or less) payment deferrals over the loan term. The following disclosures provide information on loan modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant (e.g., greater than three months) payment delays, term extensions or a combination of these modifications, as well as the financial effects of these modifications, and loan performance in the twelve months following the modification. Loans that both modify and are paid off or charged-off during the period, resulting in an amortized cost balance of zero at the end of the period, are not included in the disclosures below. Additionally, where amortized cost balances are presented below, accrued interest receivable is excluded. See Note 7 (Intangible Assets and Other Assets) for additional information on accrued interest receivable. Borrowers experiencing financial difficulty with modified terms mandated by a bankruptcy court are considered contractually modified loans and are included in these disclosures. These disclosures do not include loans discharged by a bankruptcy court as the only concession, which were insignificant for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023. Table 5.15 presents the amortized cost of modified commercial loans by class of financing receivable and by modification type. Table 5.15: Commercial Loan Modifications Modification type (1) Modifications as a % of ($ in millions) Interest Payment delay Term extension Term exten |