Loans and Related Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 5: Loans and Related Allowance for Credit Losses Table 5.1 presents total loans outstanding by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable. Loans are reported at their outstanding principal balances net of any unearned income, cumulative charge-offs, unamortized deferred fees and costs on originated loans, and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans. These amounts were less than 1% of our total loans outstanding at both September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023. Outstanding balances exclude accrued interest receivable on loans, except for certain revolving loans, such as credit card loans. See Note 7 (Intangible Assets and Other Assets) for additional information on accrued interest receivable. Amounts considered to be uncollectible are reversed through interest income. During the first nine months of 2024, we reversed accrued interest receivable of $33 million for our commercial portfolio segment and $300 million for our consumer portfolio segment, compared with $31 million and $188 million, respectively, for the same period a year ago. Table 5.1: Loans Outstanding (in millions) Sep 30, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial $ 372,750 380,388 Commercial real estate 141,410 150,616 Lease financing 16,482 16,423 Total commercial 530,642 547,427 Residential mortgage 252,676 260,724 Credit card 55,046 52,230 Auto 42,815 47,762 Other consumer (1) 28,532 28,539 Total consumer 379,069 389,255 Total loans $ 909,711 936,682 (1) Includes $20.3 billion and $18.3 billion at September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively, of securities-based loans originated by the Wealth and Investment Management (WIM) operating segment. Our non-U.S. loans are reported by respective class of financing receivable in the table above. Substantially all of our non-U.S. loan portfolio is commercial loans. Table 5.2 presents total non-U.S. commercial loans outstanding by class of financing receivable. Table 5.2: Non-U.S. Commercial Loans Outstanding (in millions) Sep 30, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial $ 63,334 72,215 Commercial real estate 6,018 6,916 Lease financing 644 697 Total non-U.S. commercial loans $ 69,996 79,828 Loan Purchases, Sales, and Transfers Table 5.3 presents the proceeds paid or received for purchases and sales of loans and transfers from loans held for investment to mortgages/loans held for sale. The table excludes loans for which we have elected the fair value option and government insured/guaranteed loans because their loan activity normally does not impact the ACL. Table 5.3: Loan Purchases, Sales, and Transfers 2024 2023 (in millions) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total Quarter ended September 30, Purchases $ 101 1 102 456 2 458 Sales and net transfers (to)/from LHFS (644) 2 (642) (711) — (711) Nine months ended September 30, Purchases $ 399 3 402 1,067 306 1,373 Sales and net transfers (to)/from LHFS (1,542) (66) (1,608) (2,394) (100) (2,494) Unfunded Credit Commitments Unfunded credit commitments are legally binding agreements to lend to customers with terms covering usage of funds, contractual interest rates, expiration dates, and any required collatera l. Our commercial lending commitments include, but are not limited to, (i) commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, (ii) financing to customers who warehouse financial assets secured by real estate, consumer, or corporate loans, (iii) financing that is expected to be syndicated or replaced with other forms of long-term financing, and (iv) commercial real estate lending. We also originate multipurpose lending commitments under which commercial customers have the option to draw on the facility in one of several forms, including the issuance of letters of credit, which reduces the unfunded commitment amounts of the facility. The maximum credit risk for these commitments will generally be lower than the contractual amount because these commitments may expire without being used or may be cancelled at the customer’s request. We may reduce or cancel lines of credit in accordance with the contracts and applicable law. Our credit risk monitoring activities include managing the amount of commitments, both to individual customers and in total, and the size and maturity structure of these commitments. We do not recognize an ACL for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion. We issue commercial letters of credit to assist customers in purchasing goods or services, typically for international trade. At September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we had $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, of outstanding issued commercial letters of credit. See Note 14 (Guarantees and Other Commitments) for additional information on issued standby letters of credit. We may be a fronting bank, whereby we act as a representative for other lenders, and advance funds or provide for the issuance of letters of credit under syndicated loan or letter of credit agreements. Any advances are generally repaid in less than a week and would normally require default of both the customer and another lender to expose us to loss. The contractual amount of our unfunded credit commitments, including unissued letters of credit, is summarized in Table 5.4. The table is presented net of commitments syndicated to others, including the fronting arrangements described above, and excludes issued letters of credit and discretionary amounts where our approval or consent is required prior to any loan funding or commitment increase. Table 5.4: Unfunded Credit Commitments (in millions) Sep 30, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial $ 390,539 388,043 Commercial real estate 14,200 20,851 Total commercial 404,739 408,894 Residential mortgage (1) 26,053 29,754 Credit card 162,975 156,012 Other consumer 8,211 8,847 Total consumer 197,239 194,613 Total unfunded credit commitments $ 601,978 603,507 (1) Includes lines of credit totaling $24.2 billion and $28.6 billion as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023 , respectively. Allowance for Credit Losses Table 5.5 presents the ACL for loans, which consists of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded credit commitments. The ACL for loans decreased $349 million from December 31, 2023, reflecting decreases for auto loans, commercial real estate loans, and residential mortgage loans, partially offset by increases for credit card loans. Table 5.5: Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans Quarter ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Balance, beginning of period $ 14,789 14,786 $ 15,088 13,609 Cumulative effect from change in accounting policy (1) — — — (429) Balance, beginning of period, adjusted 14,789 14,786 15,088 13,180 Provision for credit losses 1,059 1,143 3,214 4,111 Loan charge-offs: Commercial and industrial (161) (126) (562) (374) Commercial real estate (188) (96) (659) (204) Lease financing (14) (8) (38) (21) Total commercial (363) (230) (1,259) (599) Residential mortgage (14) (37) (50) (97) Credit card (700) (503) (2,109) (1,407) Auto (158) (223) (505) (623) Other consumer (144) (124) (431) (339) Total consumer (1,016) (887) (3,095) (2,466) Total loan charge-offs (1,379) (1,117) (4,354) (3,065) Loan recoveries: Commercial and industrial 32 33 97 119 Commercial real estate 4 3 17 15 Lease financing 4 6 13 14 Total commercial 40 42 127 148 Residential mortgage 37 41 105 124 Credit card 99 83 282 247 Auto 75 85 231 275 Other consumer 17 16 48 53 Total consumer 228 225 666 699 Total loan recoveries 268 267 793 847 Net loan charge-offs (1,111) (850) (3,561) (2,218) Other 2 (15) (2) (9) Balance, end of period $ 14,739 15,064 $ 14,739 15,064 Components: Allowance for loan losses $ 14,330 14,554 $ 14,330 14,554 Allowance for unfunded credit commitments 409 510 409 510 Allowance for credit losses $ 14,739 15,064 $ 14,739 15,064 Net loan charge-offs (annualized) as a percentage of average total loans 0.49 % 0.36 0.52 % 0.31 Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans 1.58 1.54 1.58 1.54 Allowance for credit losses for loans as a percentage of total loans 1.62 1.60 1.62 1.60 (1) Represents the change in our allowance for credit losses for loans as a result of our adoption of ASU 2022–02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, on January 1, 2023. For additional information, see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2023 Form 10-K. Table 5.6 summarizes the activity in the ACL by our commercial and consumer portfolio segments. Table 5.6: Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans Activity by Portfolio Segment 2024 2023 (in millions) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total Quarter ended September 30, Balance, beginning of period $ 8,236 6,553 14,789 8,081 6,705 14,786 Provision for credit losses 178 881 1,059 433 710 1,143 Loan charge-offs (363) (1,016) (1,379) (230) (887) (1,117) Loan recoveries 40 228 268 42 225 267 Net loan charge-offs (323) (788) (1,111) (188) (662) (850) Other 1 1 2 (16) 1 (15) Balance, end of period $ 8,092 6,647 14,739 8,310 6,754 15,064 Nine months ended September 30, Balance, beginning of period $ 8,412 6,676 15,088 6,956 6,653 13,609 Cumulative effect from change in accounting policy (1) — — — 27 (456) (429) Balance, beginning of period, adjusted 8,412 6,676 15,088 6,983 6,197 13,180 Provision for credit losses 815 2,399 3,214 1,793 2,318 4,111 Loan charge-offs (1,259) (3,095) (4,354) (599) (2,466) (3,065) Loan recoveries 127 666 793 148 699 847 Net loan charge-offs (1,132) (2,429) (3,561) (451) (1,767) (2,218) Other (3) 1 (2) (15) 6 (9) Balance, end of period $ 8,092 6,647 14,739 8,310 6,754 15,064 (1) Represents the change in our allowance for credit losses for loans as a result of our adoption of ASU 2022–02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, on January 1, 2023. For additional information, see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in our 2023 Form 10-K. Credit Quality We monitor credit quality by evaluating various attributes and utilize such information in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL for loans. The following sections provide the credit quality indicators we most closely monitor. The credit quality indicators are generally based on information as of our financial statement date. COMMERCIAL CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS We manage a consistent process for assessing commercial loan credit quality. Commercial loans are generally subject to individual risk assessment using our internal borrower and collateral quality ratings, which is our primary credit quality indicator. Our ratings are aligned to regulatory definitions of pass and criticized categories with the criticized segmented among special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss categories. Table 5.7 provides the outstanding balances of our commercial loan portfolio by risk category and credit quality information by origination year for term loans. Revolving loans may convert to term loans as a result of a contractual provision in the original loan agreement or if modified for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. At September 30, 2024, we had $493.0 billion and $37.6 billion of pass and criticized commercial loans, respectively. Gross charge-offs by loan class are included in the following table for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and year ended December 31, 2023, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, charge-offs are not a primary credit quality indicator for our loan portfolio. Table 5.7: Commercial Loan Categories by Risk Categories and Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior September 30, 2024 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 32,728 25,799 27,504 16,172 5,211 12,692 235,017 1,099 356,222 Criticized 616 1,080 1,752 971 99 888 11,122 — 16,528 Total commercial and industrial 33,344 26,879 29,256 17,143 5,310 13,580 246,139 1,099 372,750 Gross charge-offs (1) 32 102 22 27 7 7 365 — 562 Commercial real estate Pass 15,847 13,221 26,928 24,326 8,989 25,962 6,235 169 121,677 Criticized 1,834 2,389 5,698 4,917 1,408 3,192 295 — 19,733 Total commercial real estate 17,681 15,610 32,626 29,243 10,397 29,154 6,530 169 141,410 Gross charge-offs 7 61 63 78 129 321 — — 659 Lease financing Pass 2,769 5,262 3,038 1,689 681 1,707 — — 15,146 Criticized 314 429 285 128 82 98 — — 1,336 Total lease financing 3,083 5,691 3,323 1,817 763 1,805 — — 16,482 Gross charge-offs 2 11 10 8 5 2 — — 38 Total commercial loans $ 54,108 48,180 65,205 48,203 16,470 44,539 252,669 1,268 530,642 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior December 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 40,966 38,756 21,702 7,252 10,024 8,342 239,456 348 366,846 Criticized 892 1,594 1,237 160 204 480 8,975 — 13,542 Total commercial and industrial 41,858 40,350 22,939 7,412 10,228 8,822 248,431 348 380,388 Gross charge-offs (1) 102 22 53 11 8 7 307 — 510 Commercial real estate Pass 18,181 33,557 30,629 12,001 11,532 19,686 6,537 163 132,286 Criticized 2,572 4,091 4,597 1,822 2,748 2,141 359 — 18,330 Total commercial real estate 20,753 37,648 35,226 13,823 14,280 21,827 6,896 163 150,616 Gross charge-offs 20 107 32 134 197 103 — — 593 Lease financing Pass 5,593 3,846 2,400 1,182 798 1,518 — — 15,337 Criticized 345 292 182 98 84 85 — — 1,086 Total lease financing 5,938 4,138 2,582 1,280 882 1,603 — — 16,423 Gross charge-offs 3 8 8 5 4 3 — — 31 Total commercial loans $ 68,549 82,136 60,747 22,515 25,390 32,252 255,327 511 547,427 (1) Includes charge-offs on overdrafts, which are generally charged-off at 60 days past due. Table 5.8 provides days past due (DPD) information for commercial loans, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, delinquency is not a primary credit quality indicator for commercial loans. Table 5.8: Commercial Loan Categories by Delinquency Status Still accruing Nonaccrual loans Total (in millions) Current-29 DPD 30-89 DPD 90+ DPD September 30, 2024 Commercial and industrial $ 370,641 1,097 269 743 372,750 Commercial real estate 136,362 671 262 4,115 141,410 Lease financing 16,184 204 — 94 16,482 Total commercial loans $ 523,187 1,972 531 4,952 530,642 December 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 379,099 584 43 662 380,388 Commercial real estate 145,721 562 145 4,188 150,616 Lease financing 16,177 182 — 64 16,423 Total commercial loans $ 540,997 1,328 188 4,914 547,427 CONSUMER CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS We have various classes of consumer loans that present unique credit risks. Loan delinquency, Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) credit scores and loan-to-value (LTV) for residential mortgage loans are the primary credit quality indicators that we monitor and utilize in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL for the consumer loan portfolio segment. Many of our loss estimation techniques used for the ACL for loans rely on delinquency-based models; therefore, delinquency is an important indicator of credit quality in the establishment of our ACL for consumer loans. We obtain FICO scores at loan origination and the scores are generally updated at least quarterly, except in limited circumstances, including compliance with the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). FICO scores are not available for certain loan types or may not be required if we deem it unnecessary due to strong collateral and other borrower attributes. LTV is the ratio of the outstanding loan balance divided by the property collateral value. For junior lien mortgages, we use the total combined loan balance of first and junior lien mortgages (including unused line of credit amounts). We obtain LTVs using a cascade approach which first uses values provided by automated valuation models (AVMs) for the property. If an AVM is not available, then the value is estimated using the original appraised value adjusted by the change in Home Price Index (HPI) for the property location. If an HPI is not available, the original appraised value is used. The HPI value is normally the only method considered for high value properties, generally with an original value of $1.5 million or more, as the AVM values have proven less accurate for these properties. Generally, we update LTVs on a quarterly basis. Certain loans do not have an LTV due to a lack of industry data availability and portfolios acquired from or serviced by other institutions. Gross charge-offs by loan class are included in the following tables for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and year ended December 31, 2023, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, charge-offs are not a primary credit quality indicator for our loan portfolio. Credit quality information is provided with the year of origination for term loans. Revolving loans may convert to term loans as a result of a contractual provision in the original loan agreement or if modified for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Table 5.9 provides the outstanding balances of our residential mortgage loans by our primary credit quality indicators. Table 5.9: Credit Quality Indicators for Residential Mortgage Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total September 30, 2024 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 7,971 12,137 44,104 60,003 33,485 73,376 6,350 6,417 243,843 30-89 DPD 2 11 84 59 36 710 32 138 1,072 90+ DPD — 3 27 19 10 372 19 175 625 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 1 9 15 38 94 6,979 — — 7,136 Total $ 7,974 12,160 44,230 60,119 33,625 81,437 6,401 6,730 252,676 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 7,433 11,393 40,928 56,552 31,668 63,638 5,010 3,946 220,568 700-739 360 499 2,127 2,323 1,187 4,729 698 913 12,836 660-699 75 166 737 782 412 2,315 321 551 5,359 620-659 15 50 199 176 102 990 122 286 1,940 <620 8 12 139 136 57 1,288 149 457 2,246 No FICO available 82 31 85 112 105 1,498 101 577 2,591 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 1 9 15 38 94 6,979 — — 7,136 Total $ 7,974 12,160 44,230 60,119 33,625 81,437 6,401 6,730 252,676 By updated LTV: 0-80% $ 7,830 11,627 41,344 59,390 33,303 73,997 6,324 6,622 240,437 80.01-100% 62 464 2,715 608 147 270 54 69 4,389 >100% (2) 7 34 110 41 24 39 12 15 282 No LTV available 74 26 46 42 57 152 11 24 432 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 1 9 15 38 94 6,979 — — 7,136 Total $ 7,974 12,160 44,230 60,119 33,625 81,437 6,401 6,730 252,676 Gross charge-offs $ — — — 1 — 22 1 26 50 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior December 31, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 13,192 46,065 62,529 35,124 19,364 60,391 8,044 6,735 251,444 30-89 DPD 6 70 58 28 30 724 41 151 1,108 90+ DPD — 18 12 8 14 327 24 201 604 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 5 15 39 97 112 7,300 — — 7,568 Total $ 13,203 46,168 62,638 35,257 19,520 68,742 8,109 7,087 260,724 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 12,243 42,550 58,827 33,232 18,000 50,938 6,291 4,092 226,173 700-739 679 2,324 2,510 1,219 888 4,478 883 979 13,960 660-699 185 843 861 422 310 2,261 417 601 5,900 620-659 45 227 179 110 66 978 150 322 2,077 <620 11 122 100 64 46 1,245 174 464 2,226 No FICO available 35 87 122 113 98 1,542 194 629 2,820 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 5 15 39 97 112 7,300 — — 7,568 Total $ 13,203 46,168 62,638 35,257 19,520 68,742 8,109 7,087 260,724 By updated LTV: 0-80% $ 12,434 39,624 61,421 34,833 19,123 61,043 7,903 6,923 243,304 80.01-100% 687 6,286 1,065 232 203 207 103 114 8,897 >100% (2) 51 193 57 33 31 38 21 24 448 No LTV available 26 50 56 62 51 154 82 26 507 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 5 15 39 97 112 7,300 — — 7,568 Total $ 13,203 46,168 62,638 35,257 19,520 68,742 8,109 7,087 260,724 Gross charge-offs $ — 1 — — 2 63 4 66 136 (1) Represents residential mortgage loans whose repayments are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, such as the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Loans insured/guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and 90+ DPD totaled $2.7 billion and $2.6 billion at September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. (2) Reflects total loan balances with LTV amounts in excess of 100%. In the event of default, the loss content would generally be limited to only the amount in excess of 100% LTV. Table 5.10 provides the outstanding balances of our credit card loan portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. The revolving loans converted to term loans in the credit card loan category represent credit card loans with modified terms that require payment over a specific term. Table 5.10: Credit Quality Indicators for Credit Card Loans September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) Total Total By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 53,002 494 53,496 50,428 350 50,778 30-89 DPD 700 65 765 660 49 709 90+ DPD 750 35 785 717 26 743 Total $ 54,452 594 55,046 51,805 425 52,230 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 20,971 27 20,998 19,153 21 19,174 700-739 12,201 69 12,270 11,727 51 11,778 660-699 10,873 121 10,994 10,592 84 10,676 620-659 5,266 108 5,374 5,273 76 5,349 <620 5,018 267 5,285 4,861 192 5,053 No FICO available 123 2 125 199 1 200 Total $ 54,452 594 55,046 51,805 425 52,230 Gross charge-offs $ 1,986 123 2,109 1,909 100 2,009 Table 5.11 provides the outstanding balances of our Auto loan portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. Table 5.11: Credit Quality Indicators for Auto Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year (in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total September 30, 2024 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 10,104 10,233 9,491 8,389 2,543 1,018 41,778 30-89 DPD 18 60 279 402 129 69 957 90+ DPD 1 5 27 33 9 5 80 Total $ 10,123 10,298 9,797 8,824 2,681 1,092 42,815 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 6,457 6,905 4,885 3,721 1,057 393 23,418 700-739 1,877 1,496 1,375 1,205 390 153 6,496 660-699 1,211 986 1,171 1,096 349 140 4,953 620-659 395 450 775 781 244 101 2,746 <620 179 456 1,567 1,984 622 294 5,102 No FICO available 4 5 24 37 19 11 100 Total $ 10,123 10,298 9,797 8,824 2,681 1,092 42,815 Gross charge-offs $ 4 35 190 213 44 19 505 Term loans by origination year (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total December 31, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 14,022 13,052 12,376 4,335 2,161 448 46,394 30-89 DPD 43 328 545 195 106 40 1,257 90+ DPD 4 34 49 14 7 3 111 Total $ 14,069 13,414 12,970 4,544 2,274 491 47,762 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 9,460 6,637 5,487 1,853 963 176 24,576 700-739 2,232 1,969 1,861 701 347 68 7,178 660-699 1,405 1,745 1,729 623 295 61 5,858 620-659 572 1,162 1,228 425 195 46 3,628 <620 388 1,876 2,621 915 452 130 6,382 No FICO available 12 25 44 27 22 10 140 Total $ 14,069 13,414 12,970 4,544 2,274 491 47,762 Gross charge-offs $ 15 265 392 99 52 9 832 Table 5.12 provides the outstanding balances of our Other consumer loans portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. Table 5.12: Credit Quality Indicators for Other Consumer Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total September 30, 2024 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 1,522 2,129 1,354 337 93 70 22,782 114 28,401 30-89 DPD 3 24 23 4 1 2 23 4 84 90+ DPD 1 10 8 2 — 1 13 12 47 Total $ 1,526 2,163 1,385 343 94 73 22,818 130 28,532 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 1,141 1,066 554 144 59 32 978 41 4,015 700-739 211 431 249 61 14 12 424 18 1,420 660-699 77 330 230 52 8 9 346 17 1,069 620-659 14 119 105 25 3 6 126 11 409 <620 7 112 119 39 4 7 142 18 448 No FICO available (1) 76 105 128 22 6 7 20,802 25 21,171 Total $ 1,526 2,163 1,385 343 94 73 22,818 130 28,532 Gross charge-offs (2) $ 100 133 104 27 4 4 51 8 431 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior December 31, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 3,273 2,132 571 167 93 61 21,988 106 28,391 30-89 DPD 24 32 9 1 1 2 17 6 92 90+ DPD 9 14 3 1 — 1 15 13 56 Total $ 3,306 2,178 583 169 94 64 22,020 125 28,539 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 1,911 926 265 85 36 28 1,152 27 4,430 700-739 642 409 107 27 14 10 507 16 1,732 660-699 403 365 93 16 11 8 395 16 1,307 620-659 129 166 45 6 6 5 147 11 515 <620 75 152 49 8 8 6 152 17 467 No FICO available (1) 146 160 24 27 19 7 19,667 38 20,088 Total $ 3,306 2,178 583 169 94 64 22,020 125 28,539 Gross charge-offs (2) $ 178 158 52 9 9 6 62 11 485 (1) Substantially all loans are revolving securities-based loans originated by the WIM operating segment and therefore do not require a FICO score. (2) Includes charge-offs on overdrafts, which are generally charged-off at 60 days past due. NONACCRUAL LOANS Table 5.13 provides loans on nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual loans may have an ACL or a negative allowance for credit losses from expected recoveries of amounts previously written off. Table 5.13: Nonaccrual Loans Outstanding balance Recognized interest income Nonaccrual loans Nonaccrual loans without related allowance for credit losses (1) Nine months ended September 30, (in millions) Sep 30, Dec 31, Sep 30, Dec 31, 2024 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 743 662 58 149 14 14 Commercial real estate 4,115 4,188 110 107 14 22 Lease financing 94 64 15 10 — — Total commercial 4,952 4,914 183 266 28 36 Residential mortgage 3,086 3,192 1,965 2,047 136 146 Auto 99 115 — — 11 15 Other consumer 35 35 — — 3 3 Total consumer 3,220 3,342 1,965 2,047 150 164 Total nonaccrual loans $ 8,172 8,256 2,148 2,313 178 200 (1) Nonaccrual loans may not have an allowance for credit losses if the loss expectations are zero given the related collateral value. LOANS IN PROCESS OF FORECLOSURE Our recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in process of foreclosure was $693 million and $837 million at September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively, which included $537 million and $660 million, respectively, of loans that are government insured/guaranteed. Under the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau guidelines, we do not commence the foreclosure process on residential mortgage loans until after the loan is 120 days delinquent. Foreclosure procedures and timelines vary depending on whether the property address resides in a judicial or non-judicial state. Judicial states require the foreclosure to be processed through the state’s courts while non-judicial states are processed without court intervention. Foreclosure timelines vary according to state law. LOANS 90 DAYS OR MORE PAST DUE AND STILL ACCRUING Certain loans 90 days or more past due are still accruing, because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) residential mortgage or consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due. Table 5.14 shows loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing by class for loans not government insured/guaranteed. Table 5.14: Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing (in millions) Sep 30, Dec 31, Total: $ 4,139 3,751 Less: government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 2,689 2,646 Total, not government insured/guaranteed $ 1,450 1,105 By segment and class, not government insured/guaranteed: Commercial and industrial $ 269 43 Commercial real estate 262 145 Total commercial 531 188 Residential mortgage 28 31 Credit card 785 743 Auto 71 101 Other consumer 35 42 Total consumer 919 917 Total, not government insured/guaranteed $ 1,450 1,105 (1) LOAN MODIFICATIONS TO BORROWERS EXPERIENCING FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY We may agree to modify the contractual terms of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. The following disclosures were added on a prospective basis as a result of our adoption of ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, on January 1, 2023. These disclosures provide information on loan modifications in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant (e.g., greater than three months) payment delays, term extensions or a combination of these modifications, as well as the financial effects of these modifications, and loan performance in the twelve months following the modification. Loans that both modify and are paid off or charged-off during the period are not included in the disclosures below. These disclosures do not include loans discharged by a bankruptcy court as the only concession, which were insignificant for the third quarter and first nine months of both 2024 and 2023. For additional information on our loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, see Note 5 (Loans and Related Allowance for Credit Losses) in our 2023 Form 10-K. Table 5.15 presents the outstanding balance of modified commercial loans and the related financial effects of these modifications. Table 5.15: Commercial Loan Modifications and Financial Effects Quarter ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, ($ in millions) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Commercial and industrial modifications: Term extension $ 347 187 653 280 All other modifications and combinations 59 106 148 135 Total commercial and industrial modifications $ 406 293 801 415 Total commercial and industrial modifications as a % of loan class 0.11 % 0.08 0.21 0.11 Financial effects: Weighted average interest rate reduction (1) 15.74 % 15.28 18.81 14.49 Weighted average payments deferred (months) 11 6 9 5 Weighted average term extension (months) 32 13 21 13 Commercial real estate modifications: Term extension $ 1,231 335 1,637 442 All other modifications and combinations 135 — 179 10 Total commercial real estate modifications $ 1,366 335 1,816 452 Total commercial real estate modifications as a % of loan class 0.97 % 0.22 1.28 0.30 Financial effects: Weighted average interest rate reduction 0.30 % 1.95 0.48 3.54 Weighted average payments deferred (months) 27 6 28 13 Weighted average term extension (months) 19 23 24 21 (1) Includes modifications for small business credit card customers. Commercial loans that received a modification in the past 12 months as of September 30, 2024, and subsequently defaulted in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, were insignificant. Commercial loans that received a modification in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, and subsequently defaulted in the same period were insignificant. Table 5.16 provides past due information as of September 30, 2024, for commercial loans that received a modification in the past 12 months and past due information as of September 30, 2023, for commercial loans that received a modification in the first nine months of 2023. For loan modifications that include a payment deferral, payment performance is not included in the table below until the loan exits the deferral period and payments resume. The table also includes the amount of gross charge-offs that occurred on these modifications during the third quarter and first nine months of both 2024 and 2023. Table 5.16: Payment Performance of Commercial Loan Modifications By delinquency status Gross charge-offs (in millions) Current-29 DPD 30-89 DPD 90+ DPD Total Quarter ended Nine months ended September 30, 2024 Commercial and industrial $ 789 29 10 828 11 106 Commercial real estate 1,885 27 127 2,039 — — Total commercial $ 2,674 56 137 2,867 11 106 September 30, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 275 27 2 304 27 42 Commercial real estate 449 2 — 451 — — Total commercial $ 724 29 2 755 27 42 Table 5.17 presents the outstanding balance of modified consumer loans and the related financial effects of these modifications. Modified loans within the Auto and Other consumer loan classes were insignificant for the third quarter and first nine months of both 2024 and 2023, and accordingly, are excluded from the following tables and disclosures. Loans in a trial payment period are not included in the following loan modification disclosures until the borrower has successfully completed the trial period and the loan modification is formally executed. Residential mortgage loans in a trial payment period totaled $113 million and $115 million at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Table 5.17: Consumer Loan Modifications and Financial Effects Quarter ended Septem |