Loans and Related Allowance for Credit Losses | Note 5: Loans and Related Allowance for Credit Losses Table 5.1 presents total loans outstanding by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable. Loans are reported at their outstanding principal balances net of any unearned income, cumulative charge-offs, unamortized deferred fees and costs on originated loans, and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans. These amounts were less than 1% of our total loans outstanding at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. Outstanding balances exclude accrued interest receivable on loans, except for certain revolving loans, such as credit card loans. See Note 7 (Intangible Assets and Other Assets) for additional information on accrued interest receivable. Amounts considered to be uncollectible are reversed through interest income. During 2024, we reversed accrued interest receivable of $41 million for our commercial portfolio segment and $401 million for our consumer portfolio segment, compared with $39 million and $275 million, respectively, for 2023. Table 5.1: Loans Outstanding (in millions) Dec 31, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial $ 381,241 380,388 Commercial real estate 136,505 150,616 Lease financing 16,413 16,423 Total commercial 534,159 547,427 Residential mortgage 250,269 260,724 Credit card 56,542 52,230 Auto 42,367 47,762 Other consumer (1) 29,408 28,539 Total consumer 378,586 389,255 Total loans $ 912,745 936,682 (1) Includes $21.4 billion and $18.3 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of securities-based loans originated by the Wealth and Investment Management (WIM) operating segment. Our non-U.S. loans are reported by respective class of financing receivable in the table above. Substantially all of our non-U.S. loan portfolio is commercial loans. Table 5.2 presents total non-U.S. commercial loans outstanding by class of financing receivable. Table 5.2: Non-U.S. Commercial Loans Outstanding (in millions) Dec 31, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial $ 62,038 72,215 Commercial real estate 5,123 6,916 Lease financing 598 697 Total non-U.S. commercial loans $ 67,759 79,828 Loan Concentrations Loan concentrations may exist when there are amounts loaned to borrowers engaged in similar activities or similar types of loans extended to a diverse group of borrowers that would cause them to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditions. Commercial and industrial loans and lease financing to borrowers in the financials except banks industry represented 17% and 16% of total loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we did not have concentrations representing 10% or more of our total loan portfolio in the commercial real estate (CRE) portfolios (real estate mortgage and real estate construction) by state or property type. Residential mortgage loans to borrowers in the state of California represented 12% of total loans at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. These California loans are generally diversified among the larger metropolitan areas in California, with no single area consisting of more than 4% of total loans at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. We continuously monitor changes in real estate values and underlying economic or market conditions for the geographic areas of our residential mortgage portfolio as part of our credit risk management process. Some of our residential mortgage loans include an interest-only feature as part of the loan terms. These interest-only loans were approximately 2% of total loans at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. Substantially all of these interest-only loans at origination were considered to be prime or near prime. We do not offer option adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) products, nor do we offer variable-rate mortgage products with fixed payment amounts, commonly referred to within the financial services industry as negative amortizing mortgage loans. Loan Purchases, Sales, and Transfers Table 5.3 presents the proceeds paid or received for purchases and sales of loans and transfers from loans held for investment to mortgages/loans held for sale. The table excludes loans for which we have elected the fair value option and government insured/guaranteed loans because their loan activity normally does not impact the ACL. Table 5.3: Loan Purchases, Sales, and Transfers Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 (in millions) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total Purchases $ 839 4 843 1,340 306 1,646 Sales and net transfers (to)/from LHFS (2,662) (194) (2,856) (3,313) (917) (4,230) Unfunded Credit Commitments Unfunded credit commitments are legally binding agreements to lend to customers with terms covering usage of funds, contractual interest rates, expiration dates, and any required collatera l. Our commercial lending commitments include, but are not limited to, (i) commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, (ii) financing to customers who warehouse financial assets secured by real estate, consumer, or corporate loans, (iii) financing that is expected to be syndicated or replaced with other forms of long-term financing, and (iv) commercial real estate lending. We also originate multipurpose lending commitments under which commercial customers have the option to draw on the facility in one of several forms, including the issuance of letters of credit, which reduces the unfunded commitment amounts of the facility. The maximum credit risk for these commitments will generally be lower than the contractual amount because these commitments may expire without being used or may be cancelled at the customer’s request. We may reduce or cancel lines of credit in accordance with the contracts and applicable law. Our credit risk monitoring activities include managing the amount of commitments, both to individual customers and in total, and the size and maturity structure of these commitments. We do not recognize an ACL for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion. We issue commercial letters of credit to assist customers in purchasing goods or services, typically for international trade. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had $968 million and $1.1 billion, respectively, of outstanding issued commercial letters of credit. See Note 17 (Guarantees and Other Commitments) for additional information on issued standby letters of credit. We may be a fronting bank, whereby we act as a representative for other lenders, and advance funds or provide for the issuance of letters of credit under syndicated loan or letter of credit agreements. Any advances are generally repaid in less than a week and would normally require default of both the customer and another lender to expose us to loss. The contractual amount of our unfunded credit commitments, including unissued letters of credit, is summarized in Table 5.4. The table is presented net of commitments syndicated to others, including the fronting arrangements described above, and excludes issued letters of credit and discretionary amounts where our approval or consent is required prior to any loan funding or commitment increase. Table 5.4: Unfunded Credit Commitments (in millions) Dec 31, Dec 31, Commercial and industrial $ 401,947 388,043 Commercial real estate 12,505 20,851 Total commercial 414,452 408,894 Residential mortgage (1) 23,872 29,754 Credit card 163,256 156,012 Other consumer 7,985 8,847 Total consumer 195,113 194,613 Total unfunded credit commitments $ 609,565 603,507 (1) Includes lines of credit totaling $22.5 billion and $28.6 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 , respectively. Allowance for Credit Losses Table 5.5 presents the ACL for loans, which consists of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded credit commitments. Total net loan charge-offs increased $1.3 billion from December 31, 2023, reflecting higher losses in our credit card portfolio driven by higher loan balances and higher losses in our commercial real estate portfolio driven by the office property type. The ACL for loans decreased $452 million from December 31, 2023, reflecting decreases across most loan portfolios, partially offset by increases for credit card loans. Table 5.5: Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans Year ended December 31, ($ in millions) 2024 2023 Balance, beginning of period $ 15,088 13,609 Cumulative effect from change in accounting policy (1) — (429) Balance, beginning of period, adjusted 15,088 13,180 Provision for credit losses 4,330 5,385 Loan charge-offs: Commercial and industrial (729) (510) Commercial real estate (945) (593) Lease financing (52) (31) Total commercial (1,726) (1,134) Residential mortgage (64) (136) Credit card (2,842) (2,009) Auto (652) (832) Other consumer (560) (485) Total consumer (4,118) (3,462) Total loan charge-offs (5,844) (4,596) Loan recoveries: Commercial and industrial 132 165 Commercial real estate 42 27 Lease financing 17 19 Total commercial 191 211 Residential mortgage 133 160 Credit card 387 329 Auto 296 354 Other consumer 65 72 Total consumer 881 915 Total loan recoveries 1,072 1,126 Net loan charge-offs (4,772) (3,470) Other (10) (7) Balance, end of period $ 14,636 15,088 Components: Allowance for loan losses $ 14,183 14,606 Allowance for unfunded credit commitments 453 482 Allowance for credit losses $ 14,636 15,088 Net loan charge-offs as a percentage of average total loans 0.52 % 0.37 Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans 1.55 1.56 Allowance for credit losses for loans as a percentage of total loans 1.60 1.61 (1) Represents the change in our allowance for credit losses for loans as a result of our adoption of ASU 2022–02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, on January 1, 2023. For additional information, see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in this Report. Table 5.6 summarizes the activity in the ACL by our commercial and consumer portfolio segments. Table 5.6: Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans Activity by Portfolio Segment Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 (in millions) Commercial Consumer Total Commercial Consumer Total Balance, beginning of period $ 8,412 6,676 15,088 6,956 6,653 13,609 Cumulative effect from change in accounting policy (1) — — — 27 (456) (429) Balance, beginning of period, adjusted 8,412 6,676 15,088 6,983 6,197 13,180 Provision for credit losses 1,079 3,251 4,330 2,365 3,020 5,385 Loan charge-offs (1,726) (4,118) (5,844) (1,134) (3,462) (4,596) Loan recoveries 191 881 1,072 211 915 1,126 Net loan charge-offs (1,535) (3,237) (4,772) (923) (2,547) (3,470) Other (10) — (10) (13) 6 (7) Balance, end of period $ 7,946 6,690 14,636 8,412 6,676 15,088 (1) Represents the change in our allowance for credit losses for loans as a result of our adoption of ASU 2022–02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, on January 1, 2023. For additional information, see Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to Financial Statements in this Report. Credit Quality We monitor credit quality by evaluating various attributes and utilize such information in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL for loans. The following sections provide the credit quality indicators we most closely monitor. The credit quality indicators are generally based on information as of our financial statement date. COMMERCIAL CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS. We manage a consistent process for assessing commercial loan credit quality. Commercial loans are generally subject to individual risk assessment using our internal borrower and collateral quality ratings, which is our primary credit quality indicator. Our ratings are aligned to regulatory definitions of pass and criticized categories with the criticized segmented among special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss categories. Table 5.7 provides the outstanding balances of our commercial loan portfolio by risk category and credit quality information by origination year for term loans. Revolving loans may convert to term loans as a result of a contractual provision in the original loan agreement or if modified for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. At December 31, 2024, we had $498.4 billion and $35.7 billion of pass and criticized commercial loans, respectively. Gross charge-offs by loan class are included in the following table for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, charge-offs are not a primary credit quality indicator for our loan portfolio. Table 5.7: Commercial Loan Categories by Risk Categories and Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior December 31, 2024 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 46,670 23,891 23,142 13,883 4,963 10,892 241,365 1,247 366,053 Criticized 909 899 1,644 803 139 774 9,990 30 15,188 Total commercial and industrial 47,579 24,790 24,786 14,686 5,102 11,666 251,355 1,277 381,241 Gross charge-offs (1) 79 107 26 39 8 7 463 — 729 Commercial real estate Pass 22,021 11,432 25,314 21,096 8,193 23,121 5,872 179 117,228 Criticized 3,396 1,847 5,427 4,240 1,478 2,616 273 — 19,277 Total commercial real estate 25,417 13,279 30,741 25,336 9,671 25,737 6,145 179 136,505 Gross charge-offs 81 78 124 158 145 359 — — 945 Lease financing Pass 4,516 4,628 2,681 1,457 573 1,290 — — 15,145 Criticized 391 382 250 103 66 76 — — 1,268 Total lease financing 4,907 5,010 2,931 1,560 639 1,366 — — 16,413 Gross charge-offs 3 17 14 10 5 3 — — 52 Total commercial loans $ 77,903 43,079 58,458 41,582 15,412 38,769 257,500 1,456 534,159 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior December 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 40,966 38,756 21,702 7,252 10,024 8,342 239,456 348 366,846 Criticized 892 1,594 1,237 160 204 480 8,975 — 13,542 Total commercial and industrial 41,858 40,350 22,939 7,412 10,228 8,822 248,431 348 380,388 Gross charge-offs (1) 102 22 53 11 8 7 307 — 510 Commercial real estate Pass 18,181 33,557 30,629 12,001 11,532 19,686 6,537 163 132,286 Criticized 2,572 4,091 4,597 1,822 2,748 2,141 359 — 18,330 Total commercial real estate 20,753 37,648 35,226 13,823 14,280 21,827 6,896 163 150,616 Gross charge-offs 20 107 32 134 197 103 — — 593 Lease financing Pass 5,593 3,846 2,400 1,182 798 1,518 — — 15,337 Criticized 345 292 182 98 84 85 — — 1,086 Total lease financing 5,938 4,138 2,582 1,280 882 1,603 — — 16,423 Gross charge-offs 3 8 8 5 4 3 — — 31 Total commercial loans $ 68,549 82,136 60,747 22,515 25,390 32,252 255,327 511 547,427 (1) Includes charge-offs on overdrafts, which are generally charged-off at 60 days past due. Table 5.8 provides days past due (DPD) information for commercial loans, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, delinquency is not a primary credit quality indicator for commercial loans. Table 5.8: Commercial Loan Categories by Delinquency Status Still accruing Nonaccrual loans Total (in millions) Current-29 DPD 30-89 DPD 90+ DPD December 31, 2024 Commercial and industrial $ 379,147 794 537 763 381,241 Commercial real estate 131,794 472 468 3,771 136,505 Lease financing 16,156 173 — 84 16,413 Total commercial loans $ 527,097 1,439 1,005 4,618 534,159 December 31, 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 379,099 584 43 662 380,388 Commercial real estate 145,721 562 145 4,188 150,616 Lease financing 16,177 182 — 64 16,423 Total commercial loans $ 540,997 1,328 188 4,914 547,427 CONSUMER CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS. We have various classes of consumer loans that present unique credit risks. Loan delinquency, Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) credit scores and loan-to-value (LTV) for residential mortgage loans are the primary credit quality indicators that we monitor and utilize in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL for the consumer loan portfolio segment. Many of our loss estimation techniques used for the ACL for loans rely on delinquency-based models; therefore, delinquency is an important indicator of credit quality in the establishment of our ACL for consumer loans. We obtain FICO scores at loan origination and the scores are generally updated at least quarterly, except in limited circumstances, including compliance with the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). FICO scores are not available for certain loan types or may not be required if we deem it unnecessary due to strong collateral and other borrower attributes. LTV is the ratio of the outstanding loan balance divided by the property collateral value. For junior lien mortgages, we use the total combined loan balance of first and junior lien mortgages (including unused line of credit amounts). We obtain LTVs using a cascade approach which first uses values provided by automated valuation models (AVMs) for the property. If an AVM is not available, then the value is estimated using the original appraised value adjusted by the change in Home Price Index (HPI) for the property location. If an HPI is not available, the original appraised value is used. The HPI value is normally the only method considered for high value properties, generally with an original value of $1.5 million or more, as the AVM values have proven less accurate for these properties. Generally, we update LTVs on a quarterly basis. Certain loans do not have an LTV due to a lack of industry data availability and portfolios acquired from or serviced by other institutions. Gross charge-offs by loan class are included in the following tables for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, which we monitor as part of our credit risk management practices; however, charge-offs are not a primary credit quality indicator for our loan portfolio. Credit quality information is provided with the year of origination for term loans. Revolving loans may convert to term loans as a result of a contractual provision in the original loan agreement or if modified for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Table 5.9 provides the outstanding balances of our residential mortgage loans by our primary credit quality indicators. Table 5.9: Credit Quality Indicators for Residential Mortgage Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total December 31, 2024 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 10,780 11,611 43,482 59,206 32,964 71,302 5,910 6,319 241,574 30-89 DPD 19 15 69 55 22 636 27 142 985 90+ DPD — 8 43 23 10 338 19 172 613 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 2 10 17 41 94 6,933 — — 7,097 Total $ 10,801 11,644 43,611 59,325 33,090 79,209 5,956 6,633 250,269 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 10,231 10,931 40,431 55,880 31,150 61,856 4,671 3,917 219,067 700-739 411 448 1,978 2,208 1,165 4,601 635 882 12,328 660-699 93 151 756 775 411 2,196 314 533 5,229 620-659 27 52 196 172 101 944 103 287 1,882 <620 2 15 139 130 56 1,209 133 449 2,133 No FICO available 35 37 94 119 113 1,470 100 565 2,533 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 2 10 17 41 94 6,933 — — 7,097 Total $ 10,801 11,644 43,611 59,325 33,090 79,209 5,956 6,633 250,269 By updated LTV: 0-80% $ 10,360 11,089 40,341 58,434 32,727 71,821 5,874 6,521 237,167 80.01-100% 398 482 3,088 758 193 259 61 72 5,311 >100% (2) 9 38 121 53 20 49 10 17 317 No LTV available 32 25 44 39 56 147 11 23 377 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 2 10 17 41 94 6,933 — — 7,097 Total $ 10,801 11,644 43,611 59,325 33,090 79,209 5,956 6,633 250,269 Gross charge-offs $ — — — 1 2 27 2 32 64 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior December 31, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 13,192 46,065 62,529 35,124 19,364 60,391 8,044 6,735 251,444 30-89 DPD 6 70 58 28 30 724 41 151 1,108 90+ DPD — 18 12 8 14 327 24 201 604 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 5 15 39 97 112 7,300 — — 7,568 Total $ 13,203 46,168 62,638 35,257 19,520 68,742 8,109 7,087 260,724 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 12,243 42,550 58,827 33,232 18,000 50,938 6,291 4,092 226,173 700-739 679 2,324 2,510 1,219 888 4,478 883 979 13,960 660-699 185 843 861 422 310 2,261 417 601 5,900 620-659 45 227 179 110 66 978 150 322 2,077 <620 11 122 100 64 46 1,245 174 464 2,226 No FICO available 35 87 122 113 98 1,542 194 629 2,820 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 5 15 39 97 112 7,300 — — 7,568 Total $ 13,203 46,168 62,638 35,257 19,520 68,742 8,109 7,087 260,724 By updated LTV: 0-80% $ 12,434 39,624 61,421 34,833 19,123 61,043 7,903 6,923 243,304 80.01-100% 687 6,286 1,065 232 203 207 103 114 8,897 >100% (2) 51 193 57 33 31 38 21 24 448 No LTV available 26 50 56 62 51 154 82 26 507 Government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 5 15 39 97 112 7,300 — — 7,568 Total $ 13,203 46,168 62,638 35,257 19,520 68,742 8,109 7,087 260,724 Gross charge-offs $ — 1 — — 2 63 4 66 136 (1) Represents residential mortgage loans whose repayments are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, such as the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Loans insured/guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and 90+ DPD totaled $2.8 billion and $2.6 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (2) Reflects total loan balances with LTV amounts in excess of 100%. In the event of default, the loss content would generally be limited to only the amount in excess of 100% LTV. Table 5.10 provides the outstanding balances of our credit card loan portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. The revolving loans converted to term loans in the credit card loan category represent credit card loans with modified terms that require payment over a specific term. Table 5.10: Credit Quality Indicators for Credit Card Loans December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) Total Total By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 54,389 535 54,924 50,428 350 50,778 30-89 DPD 699 67 766 660 49 709 90+ DPD 815 37 852 717 26 743 Total $ 55,903 639 56,542 51,805 425 52,230 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 21,784 28 21,812 19,153 21 19,174 700-739 12,359 74 12,433 11,727 51 11,778 660-699 11,093 132 11,225 10,592 84 10,676 620-659 5,356 117 5,473 5,273 76 5,349 <620 5,161 286 5,447 4,861 192 5,053 No FICO available 150 2 152 199 1 200 Total $ 55,903 639 56,542 51,805 425 52,230 Gross charge-offs $ 2,669 173 2,842 1,909 100 2,009 Table 5.11 provides the outstanding balances of our Auto loan portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. Table 5.11: Credit Quality Indicators for Auto Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year (in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total December 31, 2024 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 13,846 9,175 8,415 7,205 2,042 684 41,367 30-89 DPD 32 63 270 380 122 60 927 90+ DPD 2 5 25 31 7 3 73 Total $ 13,880 9,243 8,710 7,616 2,171 747 42,367 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 8,758 6,197 4,358 3,199 841 249 23,602 700-739 2,483 1,307 1,188 1,020 307 101 6,406 660-699 1,689 864 1,028 930 280 95 4,886 620-659 623 401 667 661 198 72 2,622 <620 319 455 1,450 1,775 529 223 4,751 No FICO available 8 19 19 31 16 7 100 Total $ 13,880 9,243 8,710 7,616 2,171 747 42,367 Gross charge-offs $ 10 48 246 270 55 23 652 Term loans by origination year (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total December 31, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 14,022 13,052 12,376 4,335 2,161 448 46,394 30-89 DPD 43 328 545 195 106 40 1,257 90+ DPD 4 34 49 14 7 3 111 Total $ 14,069 13,414 12,970 4,544 2,274 491 47,762 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 9,460 6,637 5,487 1,853 963 176 24,576 700-739 2,232 1,969 1,861 701 347 68 7,178 660-699 1,405 1,745 1,729 623 295 61 5,858 620-659 572 1,162 1,228 425 195 46 3,628 <620 388 1,876 2,621 915 452 130 6,382 No FICO available 12 25 44 27 22 10 140 Total $ 14,069 13,414 12,970 4,544 2,274 491 47,762 Gross charge-offs $ 15 265 392 99 52 9 832 Table 5.12 provides the outstanding balances of our Other consumer loans portfolio by primary credit quality indicators. Table 5.12: Credit Quality Indicators for Other Consumer Loans by Vintage Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans (in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total December 31, 2024 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 1,860 1,835 1,160 286 80 59 23,903 112 29,295 30-89 DPD 5 23 17 3 1 2 14 6 71 90+ DPD 2 9 7 2 — 1 13 8 42 Total $ 1,867 1,867 1,184 291 81 62 23,930 126 29,408 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 1,360 868 452 119 48 26 961 41 3,875 700-739 280 368 207 50 14 10 433 17 1,379 660-699 110 304 201 44 6 8 335 17 1,025 620-659 24 114 93 29 3 5 127 11 406 <620 14 120 112 29 4 7 138 16 440 No FICO available (1) 79 93 119 20 6 6 21,936 24 22,283 Total $ 1,867 1,867 1,184 291 81 62 23,930 126 29,408 Gross charge-offs (2) $ 150 165 127 31 5 6 66 10 560 Term loans by origination year Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total (in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior December 31, 2023 By delinquency status: Current-29 DPD $ 3,273 2,132 571 167 93 61 21,988 106 28,391 30-89 DPD 24 32 9 1 1 2 17 6 92 90+ DPD 9 14 3 1 — 1 15 13 56 Total $ 3,306 2,178 583 169 94 64 22,020 125 28,539 By updated FICO: 740+ $ 1,911 926 265 85 36 28 1,152 27 4,430 700-739 642 409 107 27 14 10 507 16 1,732 660-699 403 365 93 16 11 8 395 16 1,307 620-659 129 166 45 6 6 5 147 11 515 <620 75 152 49 8 8 6 152 17 467 No FICO available (1) 146 160 24 27 19 7 19,667 38 20,088 Total $ 3,306 2,178 583 169 94 64 22,020 125 28,539 Gross charge-offs (2) $ 178 158 52 9 9 6 62 11 485 (1) Substantially all loans are revolving securities-based loans originated by the WIM operating segment and therefore do not require a FICO score. (2) Includes charge-offs on overdrafts, which are generally charged-off at 60 days past due. NONACCRUAL LOANS. Table 5.13 provides loans on nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual loans may have an ACL or a negative allowance for credit losses from expected recoveries of amounts previously written off. Table 5.13: Nonaccrual Loans Outstanding balance Recognized interest income Nonaccrual loans Nonaccrual loans without related allowance for credit losses (1) Year ended December 31, (in millions) Dec 31, Dec 31, Dec 31, Dec 31, 2024 2023 Commercial and industrial $ 763 662 2 149 29 17 Commercial real estate 3,771 4,188 41 107 25 29 Lease financing 84 64 17 10 — — Total commercial 4,618 4,914 60 266 54 46 Residential mortgage 2,991 3,192 1,887 2,047 177 192 Auto 89 115 — — 14 18 Other consumer 32 35 — — 4 4 Total consumer 3,112 3,342 1,887 2,047 195 214 Total nonaccrual loans $ 7,730 8,256 1,947 2,313 249 260 (1) Nonaccrual loans may not have an allowance for credit losses if the loss expectations are zero given the related collateral value. LOANS IN PROCESS OF FORECLOSURE. Our recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in process of foreclosure was $705 million and $837 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which included $540 million and $660 million, respectively, of loans that are government insured/guaranteed. Under the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau guidelines, we do not commence the foreclosure process on residential mortgage loans until after the loan is 120 days delinquent. Foreclosure procedures and timelines vary depending on whether the property address resides in a judicial or non-judicial state. Judicial states require the foreclosure to be processed through the state’s courts while non-judicial states are processed without court intervention. Foreclosure timelines vary according to state law. LOANS 90 DAYS OR MORE PAST DUE AND STILL ACCRUING. Certain loans 90 days or more past due are still accruing, because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) residential mortgage or consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due. Table 5.14 shows loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing by class for loans not government insured/guaranteed. Table 5.14: Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing (in millions) Dec 31, Dec 31, Total: $ 4,802 3,751 Less: government insured/guaranteed loans (1) 2,801 2,646 Total, not government insured/guaranteed $ 2,001 1,105 By segment and class, not government insured/guaranteed: Commercial and industrial $ 537 43 Commercial real estate 468 145 Total commercial 1,005 188 Residential mortgage 39 31 Credit card 852 743 Auto 71 101 Other consumer 34 42 Total consumer 996 917 Total, not government insured/guaranteed $ 2,001 1,105 (1) LOAN MODIFICATIONS TO BORROWERS EXPERIENCING FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY. We may agree to modify the contractual terms of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Our commercial loan modifications may include principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extensions, or a combination of these modifications. Commercial loan term extensions have terms that vary based on the borrower’s request and are evaluated by our credit teams on an individual basis. Our consumer loan modifications vary based upon the loan product and the modification program offered to the borrower, and may include interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extensions, principal forbearance or forgiveness, or a combination of these modifications. Generally, our consumer loan modification programs modify the loan terms to achieve payment terms that are more affordable to the borrower and, as a result, increase the likelihood of full repayment of principal and interest. Our residential mortgage loan modification programs may offer a short-term payment deferral based upon the borrower’s demonstrated hardship, up to 12 months. If additional assistance is needed after 12 months, the borrower may request another loan modification. Modifications may also include a trial payment period of three months to determine if the borrower can perform in accordance with the proposed permanent loan modification terms. Loans in a trial payment period continue to advance through delinquency status and accrue interest according to their original terms. Credit card loan modifications result in a reduction in the credit card interest rate and may be offered on a short-term or long-term basis. A short-term interest rate reduction program reduces the borrower’s interest rate for 12 months. A long-term interest rate reduction program provides a reduction of the interest rate over a fixed five-year term. During the modification period, the borrower’s revolving charge privileges are revoked. Auto loan modifications generally include insignificant (e.g., three months or less) payment deferrals over the loan term. The following disclosures provide information on loan modifications in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant (e.g., greater than three months) payment delays, term extensions or a combination of these modifications, as well as the financial effects of these modifications, and loan performance in the twelve months following the modification. Loans that both modify and are paid off or charged-off during the period are not included in the disclosures below. These disclosures do not include loans discharged by a bankruptcy court as the only concession, which were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Table 5.15 presents the outstanding balance of modified commercial loans and the related financial effects of these modifications. At the time of modification, we may require that the borrower provide additional economic support, such as partial repayment, additional collateral, or guarantees. Table 5.15: Commercial Loan Modifications and Financial Effects Year ended December 31, ($ in millions) 2024 2023 Commercial and industrial modifications: Term extension $ 503 286 All other modifications and combinations 152 144 Total commercial and industrial modifications $ 655 430 Total commercial and industrial modifications as a % of loan class 0.17 % 0.11 Financial effects: Weighted average term extension (months) 25 15 Commercial real estate modifications: Term extension $ 2,085 458 All other modifications and combinations 336 9 Total commercial real estate modifications $ 2,421 467 Total commercial real estate modifications as a % of loan class 1.77 % 0.31 Financial effects: Weighted average term extension (months) 25 24 Commercial loans that received a modification during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and subsequently defaulted in the perio |