Loans and Leases | Loans and Leases Amounts outstanding for Loans and Leases, by segment and class, are shown in the following table. TABLE 41: LOANS AND LEASES (In Millions) MARCH 31, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020 Commercial Commercial and Institutional $ 10,073.1 $ 10,058.3 Commercial Real Estate 3,713.9 3,558.4 Non-U.S. 1,771.2 1,345.7 Lease Financing, net 11.3 11.4 Other 278.4 288.2 Total Commercial 15,847.9 15,262.0 Personal Private Client 12,047.5 11,815.1 Residential Real Estate 6,066.9 6,035.7 Non-U.S. 336.7 597.9 Other 45.3 49.0 Total Personal 18,496.4 18,497.7 Total Loans and Leases $ 34,344.3 $ 33,759.7 Residential real estate loans consist of traditional first lien mortgages and equity credit lines that generally require a loan-to-collateral value of no more than 65% to 80% at inception. Northern Trust’s equity credit line products generally have draw periods of up to 10 years and a balloon payment of any outstanding balance is due at maturity. Payments are interest-only with variable interest rates. Northern Trust does not offer equity credit lines that include an option to convert the outstanding balance to an amortizing payment loan. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, equity credit lines totaled $285.2 million and $304.4 million, respectively, and equity credit lines for which first liens were held by Northern Trust represented 97% of the total equity credit lines as of both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Included within the non-U.S., commercial-other and personal-other classes are short-duration advances primarily related to the processing of custodied client investments, totaling $1.3 billion at March 31, 2021 and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2020, respectively. Demand deposit overdrafts reclassified as loan balances totaled $5.6 million and $26.4 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no loans or leases classified as held for sale. Paycheck Protection Program. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Northern Trust became a lender under the Paycheck Protection Program, as amended (PPP), which was created by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and is administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). Loans issued under the PPP are funded by Northern Trust directly to participating borrowers. The PPP loans are guaranteed by the SBA and borrowers are eligible to apply for PPP loan forgiveness for up to the full principal amount and accrued interest of the PPP loan. To the extent a borrower uses PPP loan proceeds to cover eligible costs and has met all other SBA loan forgiveness requirements, the SBA will determine loan forgiveness under the CARES Act and will pay to Northern Trust the eligible PPP loan forgiven amount, which will be credited to the borrower’s loan to repay or pay down the PPP loan. The SBA forgiveness portal opened on August 10, 2020 and Northern Trust’s vendor portal opened on September 11, 2020 to begin processing the PPP loan forgiveness applications. When Northern Trust submits forgiveness applications to the SBA, the SBA will have at least 90 days to respond as to the approval or denial of such application. 219 PPP loan forgiveness applications totaling $34.2 million that went through the forgiveness process as of March 31, 2021, were fully forgiven by the SBA as of such date. As of March 31, 2021, Northern Trust had 1,137 outstanding loans totaling $213.9 million under the PPP in its commercial and institutional portfolio with an average loan balance of $0.2 million. For its origination efforts, Northern Trust received approximately $2.6 million in SBA fees, net of service charges as of March 31, 2021. Northern Trust accounts for loans originated under the PPP as loan receivables in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 310 and recognizes such loans at the principal amount less the net amount of loan origination fees. PPP loans are reported in Total Loans and Leases on the consolidated balance sheets. The SBA provides a 100% guarantee on PPP loans covering principal and interest. Northern Trust considers the risk mitigating effects of these guarantees, and accounts for them as a credit enhancement embedded in the contract. As a result, no allowance for credit losses is measured for Northern Trust’s exposure under the PPP. Credit Quality Indicators. Credit quality indicators are statistics, measurements or other metrics that provide information regarding the relative credit risk of loans and leases. Northern Trust utilizes a variety of credit quality indicators to assess the credit risk of loans and leases at the segment, class, and individual credit exposure levels. As part of its credit process, Northern Trust utilizes an internal borrower risk rating system to support identification, approval, and monitoring of credit risk. Borrower risk ratings are used in credit underwriting and management reporting. Risk ratings are used for ranking the credit risk of borrowers and the probability of their default. Each borrower is rated using one of a number of ratings models, which consider both quantitative and qualitative factors. The ratings models vary among classes of loans and leases in order to capture the unique risk characteristics inherent within each particular type of credit exposure. Provided below are the more significant performance indicator attributes considered within Northern Trust’s borrower rating models, by loan and lease class. • Commercial and Institutional: leverage, profit margin, liquidity, asset size and capital levels; • Commercial Real Estate: debt service coverage, loan-to-value ratio, leasing status and guarantor support; • Lease Financing and Commercial-Other: leverage, profit margin, liquidity, asset size and capital levels; • Non-U.S.: leverage, profit margin, liquidity, return on assets and capital levels; • Residential Real Estate: payment history, credit bureau scores and loan-to-value ratio; • Private Client: cash-flow-to-debt and net worth ratios, leverage and liquidity; and • Personal-Other: cash-flow-to-debt and net worth ratios. While the criteria vary by model, the objective is for the borrower ratings to be consistent in both the measurement and ranking of risk. Each model is calibrated to a master rating scale to support this consistency. Ratings for borrowers not in default range from “1” for the strongest credits to “7” for the weakest non-defaulted credits. Ratings of “8” or “9” are used for defaulted borrowers. Borrower risk ratings are monitored and are revised when events or circumstances indicate a change is required. Risk ratings are generally validated at least annually. Loan and lease segment and class balances as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are provided in the following table, segregated by borrower ratings into “1 to 3,” “4 to 5” and “6 to 9” (watch list and nonaccrual status) categories by year of origination at amortized cost basis. Loans that are held for investment are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned income. TABLE 42: CREDIT QUALITY INDICATOR AT AMORTIZED COST BASIS BY ORIGINATION YEAR March 31, 2021 TERM LOANS AND LEASES REVOLVING LOANS REVOLVING LOANS CONVERTED TO TERM LOANS (In Millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 PRIOR TOTAL Commercial Commercial and Institutional Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category $ 334.2 $ 653.5 $ 332.8 $ 179.2 $ 103.4 $ 786.0 $ 3,597.0 $ 1.2 $ 5,987.3 4 to 5 Category 196.1 697.7 524.6 339.9 343.7 288.1 1,351.5 33.6 3,775.2 6 to 9 Category 29.9 33.4 77.9 36.7 39.5 24.9 68.3 — 310.6 Total Commercial and Institutional 560.2 1,384.6 935.3 555.8 486.6 1,099.0 5,016.8 34.8 10,073.1 Commercial Real Estate Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 124.7 341.5 153.4 59.8 24.3 113.5 82.6 2.8 902.6 4 to 5 Category 121.4 752.7 752.0 282.2 115.8 542.7 98.8 9.4 2,675.0 6 to 9 Category 12.1 18.2 55.2 15.5 23.9 11.4 — — 136.3 Total Commercial Real Estate 258.2 1,112.4 960.6 357.5 164.0 667.6 181.4 12.2 3,713.9 Non-U.S. Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 724.7 112.9 17.0 — 11.1 — 270.0 — 1,135.7 4 to 5 Category 282.1 28.0 0.7 2.1 — 85.2 129.5 1.8 529.4 6 to 9 Category 0.2 — 23.1 — — — 82.8 — 106.1 Total Non-U.S. 1,007.0 140.9 40.8 2.1 11.1 85.2 482.3 1.8 1,771.2 Lease Financing, net Risk Rating: 4 to 5 Category — — — — — 11.3 — — 11.3 Total Lease Financing, net — — — — — 11.3 — — 11.3 Other Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 135.8 — — — — — — — 135.8 4 to 5 Category 142.6 — — — — — — — 142.6 Total Other 278.4 — — — — — — — 278.4 Total Commercial 2,103.8 2,637.9 1,936.7 915.4 661.7 1,863.1 5,680.5 48.8 15,847.9 Personal Private Client Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 50.9 567.3 122.5 43.7 54.5 141.5 5,283.6 59.1 6,323.1 4 to 5 Category 229.2 535.5 595.7 115.1 64.2 100.0 3,805.1 210.6 5,655.4 6 to 9 Category 0.1 5.8 0.5 21.7 — — 39.6 1.3 69.0 Total Private Client 280.2 1,108.6 718.7 180.5 118.7 241.5 9,128.3 271.0 12,047.5 Residential Real Estate Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 375.1 1,440.3 247.7 25.3 99.1 771.4 143.7 — 3,102.6 4 to 5 Category 150.7 877.9 359.8 111.0 127.5 957.6 245.4 5.6 2,835.5 6 to 9 Category 0.3 14.1 8.1 0.6 0.5 82.6 22.6 — 128.8 Total Residential Real Estate 526.1 2,332.3 615.6 136.9 227.1 1,811.6 411.7 5.6 6,066.9 Non-U.S. Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category — 9.2 32.3 — — 1.1 65.9 — 108.5 4 to 5 Category — 10.2 8.2 10.7 0.4 8.8 176.0 13.6 227.9 6 to 9 Category — — — — — 0.3 — — 0.3 Total Non-U.S. — 19.4 40.5 10.7 0.4 10.2 241.9 13.6 336.7 Other Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 26.8 — — — — — — — 26.8 4 to 5 Category 18.5 — — — — — — — 18.5 Total Other 45.3 — — — — — — — 45.3 Total Personal 851.6 3,460.3 1,374.8 328.1 346.2 2,063.3 9,781.9 290.2 18,496.4 Total Loans and Leases $ 2,955.4 $ 6,098.2 $ 3,311.5 $ 1,243.5 $ 1,007.9 $ 3,926.4 $ 15,462.4 $ 339.0 $ 34,344.3 December 31, 2020 TERM LOANS AND LEASES REVOLVING LOANS REVOLVING LOANS CONVERTED TO TERM LOANS (In Millions) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 PRIOR TOTAL Commercial Commercial and Institutional Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category $ 663.8 $ 546.0 $ 204.6 $ 96.0 $ 396.0 $ 448.8 $ 3,742.4 $ 5.5 $ 6,103.1 4 to 5 Category 793.4 505.1 354.1 405.4 134.6 167.3 1,238.7 32.3 3,630.9 6 to 9 Category 34.3 119.8 37.3 42.8 23.0 6.0 61.1 — 324.3 Total Commercial and Institutional 1,491.5 1,170.9 596.0 544.2 553.6 622.1 5,042.2 37.8 10,058.3 Commercial Real Estate Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 406.3 109.2 27.6 36.5 11.8 99.4 124.3 8.7 823.8 4 to 5 Category 703.1 811.8 332.7 107.4 184.5 382.8 60.4 11.4 2,594.1 6 to 9 Category 15.3 55.2 32.0 25.8 — 12.2 — — 140.5 Total Commercial Real Estate 1,124.7 976.2 392.3 169.7 196.3 494.4 184.7 20.1 3,558.4 Non-U.S. Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 555.2 16.8 — 11.1 — — 78.5 — 661.6 4 to 5 Category 313.1 0.7 2.0 — — 157.9 39.2 1.8 514.7 6 to 9 Category — 23.1 — — — — 146.3 — 169.4 Total Non-U.S. 868.3 40.6 2.0 11.1 — 157.9 264.0 1.8 1,345.7 Lease Financing, net Risk Rating: 4 to 5 Category — — — — — 11.4 — — 11.4 Total Lease Financing, net — — — — — 11.4 — — 11.4 Other Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 81.7 — — — — — — — 81.7 4 to 5 Category 206.5 — — — — — — — 206.5 Total Other 288.2 — — — — — — — 288.2 Total Commercial 3,772.7 2,187.7 990.3 725.0 749.9 1,285.8 5,490.9 59.7 15,262.0 Personal Private Client Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 668.6 273.7 51.7 60.4 10.2 136.1 5,392.8 47.9 6,641.4 4 to 5 Category 492.1 479.9 117.3 60.4 77.5 77.5 3,564.7 207.3 5,076.7 6 to 9 Category 6.0 0.5 22.1 3.2 — — 63.7 1.5 97.0 Total Private Client 1,166.7 754.1 191.1 124.0 87.7 213.6 9,021.2 256.7 11,815.1 Residential Real Estate Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 1,554.3 317.4 42.9 109.9 205.1 627.8 152.8 1.7 3,011.9 4 to 5 Category 854.6 359.5 115.8 163.2 209.7 896.5 273.1 7.4 2,879.8 6 to 9 Category 15.3 8.3 0.7 0.5 1.9 94.8 22.5 — 144.0 Total Residential Real Estate 2,424.2 685.2 159.4 273.6 416.7 1,619.1 448.4 9.1 6,035.7 Non-U.S. Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 23.3 14.9 — — — 1.8 275.6 — 315.6 4 to 5 Category 12.7 26.0 11.8 0.5 0.5 7.9 217.5 5.1 282.0 6 to 9 Category — — — — — 0.3 — — 0.3 Total Non-U.S. 36.0 40.9 11.8 0.5 0.5 10.0 493.1 5.1 597.9 Other Risk Rating: 1 to 3 Category 34.6 — — — — — — — 34.6 4 to 5 Category 14.4 — — — — — — — 14.4 Total Other 49.0 — — — — — — — 49.0 Total Personal 3,675.9 1,480.2 362.3 398.1 504.9 1,842.7 9,962.7 270.9 18,497.7 Total Loans and Leases $ 7,448.6 $ 3,667.9 $ 1,352.6 $ 1,123.1 $ 1,254.8 $ 3,128.5 $ 15,453.6 $ 330.6 $ 33,759.7 Loans and leases in the “1 to 3” category are expected to exhibit minimal to modest probabilities of default and are characterized by borrowers having the strongest financial qualities, including above average financial flexibility, cash flows and capital levels. Borrowers assigned these ratings are anticipated to experience very little to moderate financial pressure in adverse down-cycle scenarios. As a result of these characteristics, borrowers within this category exhibit a minimal to modest likelihood of loss. Loans and leases in the “4 to 5” category are expected to exhibit moderate to acceptable probabilities of default and are characterized by borrowers with less financial flexibility than those in the “1 to 3” category. Cash flows and capital levels are generally sufficient to allow for borrowers to meet current requirements, but have fewer financial resources to manage through economic downturns. As a result of these characteristics, borrowers within this category exhibit a moderate likelihood of loss. Loans and leases in the watch list category have elevated credit risk profiles that are monitored through internal watch lists, and consist of credits with borrower ratings of “6 to 9.” These credits, which include all nonaccrual credits, are expected to exhibit minimally acceptable probabilities of default, elevated risk of default, or are currently in default. Borrowers associated with these risk profiles that are not currently in default have limited financial flexibility. Cash flows and capital levels range from acceptable to potentially insufficient to meet current requirements, particularly in adverse down cycle scenarios. As a result of these characteristics, borrowers in this category exhibit an elevated to probable likelihood of loss. Past Due Status. Past due status is based on the length of time from the contractual due date a principal or interest payment has been past due. For disclosure purposes, loans and leases that are 29 days past due or less are reported as current. The following table provides balances and delinquency status of accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases by segment and class, as well as the other real estate owned and nonaccrual asset balances, as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. TABLE 43: DELINQUENCY STATUS ACCRUAL NONACCRUAL WITH NO ALLOWANCE (In Millions) CURRENT 30 – 59 DAYS 60 – 89 DAYS 90 DAYS TOTAL ACCRUAL NONACCRUAL TOTAL LOANS March 31, 2021 Commercial Commercial and Institutional $ 10,024.5 $ 25.1 $ 2.2 $ — $ 10,051.8 $ 21.3 $ 10,073.1 $ 9.9 Commercial Real Estate 3,660.5 8.7 — 4.6 3,673.8 40.1 3,713.9 32.2 Non-U.S. 1,771.2 — — — 1,771.2 — 1,771.2 — Lease Financing, net 11.3 — — — 11.3 — 11.3 — Other 278.4 — — — 278.4 — 278.4 — Total Commercial 15,745.9 33.8 2.2 4.6 15,786.5 61.4 15,847.9 42.1 Personal Private Client 11,912.3 103.4 11.1 17.8 12,044.6 2.9 12,047.5 2.9 Residential Real Estate 5,976.1 28.0 1.7 1.6 6,007.4 59.5 6,066.9 51.1 Non-U.S. 336.5 0.2 — — 336.7 — 336.7 — Other 45.3 — — — 45.3 — 45.3 — Total Personal 18,270.2 131.6 12.8 19.4 18,434.0 62.4 18,496.4 54.0 Total Loans and Leases $ 34,016.1 $ 165.4 $ 15.0 $ 24.0 $ 34,220.5 $ 123.8 $ 34,344.3 $ 96.1 Other Real Estate Owned $ 1.5 Total Nonaccrual Assets $ 125.3 ACCRUAL NONACCRUAL WITH NO ALLOWANCE (In Millions) CURRENT 30 – 59 DAYS 60 – 89 DAYS 90 DAYS TOTAL ACCRUAL NONACCRUAL TOTAL LOANS December 31, 2020 Commercial Commercial and Institutional $ 9,877.0 $ 153.7 $ 1.2 $ — $ 10,031.9 $ 26.4 $ 10,058.3 $ 9.1 Commercial Real Estate 3,516.2 2.0 — — 3,518.2 40.2 3,558.4 32.3 Non-U.S. 1,345.7 — — — 1,345.7 — 1,345.7 — Lease Financing, net 11.4 — — — 11.4 — 11.4 — Other 288.2 — — — 288.2 — 288.2 — Total Commercial 15,038.5 155.7 1.2 — 15,195.4 66.6 15,262.0 41.4 Personal Private Client 11,765.4 29.1 9.9 7.8 11,812.2 2.9 11,815.1 2.9 Residential Real Estate 5,946.0 23.5 2.9 1.1 5,973.5 62.2 6,035.7 53.8 Non-U.S 596.7 1.2 — — 597.9 — 597.9 — Other 49.0 — — — 49.0 — 49.0 — Total Personal 18,357.1 53.8 12.8 8.9 18,432.6 65.1 18,497.7 56.7 Total Loans and Leases $ 33,395.6 $ 209.5 $ 14.0 $ 8.9 $ 33,628.0 $ 131.7 $ 33,759.7 $ 98.1 Other Real Estate Owned $ 0.7 Total Nonaccrual Assets $ 132.4 Interest income that would have been recorded for nonaccrual loans and leases in accordance with their original terms was $0.9 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. Collateral Dependent Financial Assets. A financial asset is collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. Most of Northern Trust’s collateral dependent credit exposure relates to its residential real estate portfolio for which the collateral is usually the underlying real estate property. For collateral dependent financial assets, it is Northern Trust’s policy to reserve or charge-off the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the value of the collateral. The collateral dependent financial asset balance as of March 31, 2021 was immaterial to Northern Trust’s financial statements. Recognition of Income. Interest income on loans and leases is recorded on an accrual basis unless, in the opinion of management, there is a question as to the ability of the debtor to meet the terms of the loan agreement, or interest or principal is more than 90 days contractually past due and the loan is not well-secured and in the process of collection. Loans meeting such criteria are classified as nonaccrual and interest income is recorded on a cash basis. At the time a loan is determined to be nonaccrual, interest accrued but not collected is reversed against interest income in the current period. Interest collected on nonaccrual loans is applied to principal unless, in the opinion of management, collectability of principal is not in doubt. Management’s assessment of the indicators of loan and lease collectability, and its policies relative to the recognition of interest income, including the suspension and subsequent resumption of income recognition, do not meaningfully vary between loan and lease classes. Nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when factors indicating doubtful collectability no longer exist. Factors considered in returning a loan to accrual status are consistent across all classes of loans and leases and, in accordance with regulatory guidance, relate primarily to expected payment performance. Loans are eligible to be returned to accrual status when: (i) no principal or interest that is due is unpaid and repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected or (ii) the loan has otherwise become well-secured (possessing realizable value sufficient to discharge the debt, including accrued interest, in full) and is in the process of collection (through action reasonably expected to result in debt repayment or restoration to a current status in the near future). A loan that has not been brought fully current may be restored to accrual status provided there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally a minimum of six payment periods) by the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms, and Northern Trust is reasonably assured of repayment within a reasonable period of time. Additionally, a loan that has been formally restructured so as to be reasonably assured of repayment and performance according to its modified terms may be returned to accrual status, provided there was a well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects of repayment under the revised terms and there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally a minimum of six payment periods) under the revised terms. Nonaccrual Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs). A loan that has been modified as a concession by Northern Trust or a bankruptcy court resulting from the debtor’s financial difficulties is referred to as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). All TDRs are reported starting in the calendar year of their restructuring. In subsequent years, a TDR may cease being reported if the loan was modified at a market rate and has performed according to the modified terms for at least six payment periods. A loan that has been modified at a below market rate will return to accrual status if it satisfies the six-payment-period performance requirement. The expected credit loss is measured based upon the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the effective interest rate based on the original contractual rate. If a loan’s contractual interest rate varies based on subsequent changes in an independent factor, such as an index or rate, the loan’s effective interest rate is calculated based on the factor as it changes over the life of the loan. Northern Trust elected not to project changes in the factor for purposes of estimating expected future cash flows. Further, Northern Trust elected not to adjust the effective interest rate for prepayments. If the loan is collateral dependent, the expected loss is measured based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date. If the loan valuation is less than the recorded value of the loan, either an allowance is established, or a charge-off is recorded, for the difference. Smaller balance (individually less than $1 million) homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated. Northern Trust’s accounting policies for material nonaccrual loans is consistent across all classes of loans and leases. All loans and leases with TDR modifications are evaluated for additional expected credit losses. The nature and extent of further deterioration in credit quality, including a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of allowance for credit losses. Included within nonaccrual loans were $78.8 million and $38.9 million of nonaccrual TDRs, and $23.3 million and $29.3 million of accrual TDRs as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. There were $8.9 million and $10.4 million of aggregate undrawn loan commitments and standby letters of credit at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, issued to borrowers with TDR modifications of loans. The following table provides, by segment and class, the number of TDR modifications of loans and leases during the three month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and the recorded investments and unpaid principal balances as of March 31, 2021 and 2020. TABLE 44: TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 ($ In Millions) NUMBER OF RECORDED UNPAID Commercial Commercial and Institutional 6 $ 19.6 $ 19.6 Commercial Real Estate 1 21.4 23.3 Total Commercial 7 41.0 42.9 Personal Residential Real Estate 2 0.2 0.3 Total Personal 2 0.2 0.3 Total Loans and Leases 9 $ 41.2 $ 43.2 Note: Period-end balances reflect all paydowns and charge-offs during the period. THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 ($ In Millions) NUMBER OF RECORDED UNPAID Commercial Commercial and Institutional 2 $ 24.3 $ 24.5 Total Commercial 2 24.3 24.5 Personal Residential Real Estate 6 1.0 1.2 Total Personal 6 1.0 1.2 Total Loans and Leases 8 $ 25.3 $ 25.7 Note: Period-end balances reflect all paydowns and charge-offs during the period. TDR modifications involve extensions of term, deferrals of principal, interest rate concessions, and other modifications. Other modifications typically reflect other nonstandard terms which Northern Trust would not offer in non-troubled situations. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the TDR modification of loans within commercial and institutional, residential real estate and commercial real estate was deferred principal. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the TDR modifications of loans within residential real estate were extensions of term, other modifications, interest rate concessions, and deferred principal. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the TDR modifications within commercial and institutional were other modifications. There was one residential real estate loan TDR modification during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, which subsequently had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2021. The total recorded investment for this loan was approximately $5.5 million and the unpaid principal balance for these loans was approximately $5.5 million. There were no residential real estate loan TDR modifications during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, which subsequently had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Northern Trust may obtain physical possession of real estate via foreclosure on an in-substance repossession. As of March 31, 2021, Northern Trust held foreclosed real estate properties with a carrying value of $1.5 million as a result of obtaining physical possession. In addition, as of March 31, 2021, Northern Trust had loans with a carrying value of $6.5 million for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process. TDR Relief — COVID-19. Due to the economic environment arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been two forms of relief provided for classifying loans as TDRs: the Interagency Guidance (as defined below) and the CARES Act. Various banking regulators, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the National Credit Union Administration, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, issued guidance in the April 7, 2020 Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (revised) on loan modification treatment (Interagency Guidance) pursuant to which financial institutions can apply ASC 310-40 Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors. In accordance with the Interagency Guidance, a loan modification is not considered a TDR if the modification is related to COVID-19; the borrower had been current (not more than 29 days past due) when the modification program was implemented; and the modification includes payment deferrals for not more than 6 months. Under section 4013 of the CARES Act, relief provided to lenders exempting certain loan modifications which would otherwise be classified as TDRs from such classification applies for loans that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The TDR relief under the CARES Act applies to COVID-19-related modifications that were made from March 1, 2020 until the earlier of (a) January 1, 2022 or (b) 60 days from the date the COVID-19 national emergency officially ends. Financial institutions may account for eligible loan modifications under the Interagency Guidance and/or the CARES Act. Northern Trust elected to apply both the CARES Act and the Interagency Guidance, as applicable, in providing borrowers with loan modification relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. All other types of modifications which do not meet the CARES Act or Interagency Guidance requirements continue to be governed by existing regulations and accounting policies. The following tables provide, by segment and class, the number of total COVID-19-related loan modifications including the loan volume and deferred principal and interest balances as of March 31, 2021, for which Northern Trust applied an exemption from TDR classification that are in active deferral (loans currently in the deferral period) or completed deferral (loans that returned to their regular payment schedule). TABLE 45: COVID-19 LOAN MODIFICATIONS NOT CONSIDERED TDRS IN ACTIVE DEFERRAL STATUS MARCH 31, 2021 ($ In Millions) NUMBER OF COVID-19 RELATED MODIFICATIONS LOAN VOLUME DEFERRED PRINCIPAL AMOUNT DEFERRED INTEREST AMOUNT Personal Residential Real Estate 25 $ 9.5 $ 0.2 $ 0.2 Total Personal 25 $ 9.5 $ 0.2 $ 0.2 Total Loans 25 $ 9.5 $ 0.2 $ 0.2 TABLE 46: COVID-19 LOAN MODIFICATIONS NOT CONSIDERED TDRS THAT HAVE COMPLETED DEFERRAL MARCH 31, 2021 ($ In Millions) NUMBER OF COVID-19 RELATED MODIFICATIONS LOAN VOLUME DEFERRED PRINCIPAL AMOUNT DEFERRED INTEREST AMOUNT Commercial Commercial and Institutional 90 $ 238.4 $ — $ 2.0 Commercial Real Estate 91 457.2 — 3.2 Total Commercial 181 $ 695.6 $ — $ 5.2 Personal Private Client 32 $ 169.8 $ — $ 1.2 Residential Real Estate 382 164.8 1.4 2.0 Total Personal 414 $ 334.6 $ 1.4 $ 3.2 Total Loans 595 $ 1,030.2 $ 1.4 $ 8.4 Northern Trust continues to accrue and recognize interest income during the loan deferral period, and hence has not moved these loans to nonaccrual or reported them as past due. Further, these loan balances continue to be assessed on a collective basis for purposes of measuring an allowance for expected credit losses. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, 38 loans with an aggregate principal amount of $42.9 million that had been granted payment deferrals were paid off. |