Fair Value Measurements | Note 7. Fair Value Measurements Recurring Fair Value Measurements The following table presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2020: (dollars in millions) Level 1 (1) Level 2 (2) Level 3 (3) Total Assets: Prepaid expenses and other: Interest rate swaps $ — $ 28 $ — $ 28 Foreign exchange forwards — 2 — 2 Other assets: Fixed income securities — 462 — 462 Interest rate swaps — 1,768 — 1,768 Cross currency swaps — 404 — 404 Total $ — $ 2,664 $ — $ 2,664 Liabilities: Other current liabilities: Forward starting interest rate swaps $ — $ 499 $ — $ 499 Other liabilities: Interest rate swaps — 317 — 317 Cross currency swaps — 1,383 — 1,383 Forward starting interest rate swaps — 481 — 481 Total $ — $ 2,680 $ — $ 2,680 The following table presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019: (dollars in millions) Level 1 (1) Level 2 (2) Level 3 (3) Total Assets: Other assets: Fixed income securities $ — $ 442 $ — $ 442 Interest rate swaps — 568 — 568 Cross currency swaps — 211 — 211 Foreign exchange forwards — 5 — 5 Total $ — $ 1,226 $ — $ 1,226 Liabilities: Other liabilities: Interest rate swaps $ — $ 173 $ — $ 173 Cross currency swaps — 912 — 912 Forward starting interest rate swaps — 604 — 604 Total $ — $ 1,689 $ — $ 1,689 (1) Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. (2) Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. (3) Unobservable pricing inputs in the market. Certain of our equity investments do not have readily determinable fair values and are excluded from the tables above. Such investments are measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer and are included in Investments in unconsolidated businesses in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the carrying amount of our investments without readily determinable fair values were $317 million and $284 million, respectively. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, there were insignificant adjustments due to observable price changes and there were insignificant impairment charges. Cumulative adjustments due to observable price changes and impairment charges were insignificant. Fixed income securities consist primarily of investments in municipal bonds. For fixed income securities that do not have quoted prices in active markets, we use alternative matrix pricing resulting in these debt securities being classified as Level 2. Derivative contracts are valued using models based on readily observable market parameters for all substantial terms of our derivative contracts and thus are classified within Level 2. We use mid-market pricing for fair value measurements of our derivative instruments. Our derivative instruments are recorded on a gross basis. We recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period. Fair Value of Short-term and Long-term Debt The fair value of our debt is determined using various methods, including quoted prices for identical debt instruments, which is a Level 1 measurement, as well as quoted prices for similar debt instruments with comparable terms and maturities, which is a Level 2 measurement. The fair value of our short-term and long-term debt, excluding finance leases, was as follows: Fair Value (dollars in millions) Carrying Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total At December 31, 2019 $ 110,373 $ 86,712 $ 42,488 $ — $ 129,200 At September 30, 2020 114,288 92,287 48,593 — 140,880 Derivative Instruments We enter into derivative transactions primarily to manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We employ risk management strategies, which may include the use of a variety of derivatives including interest rate swaps, cross currency swaps, forward starting interest rate swaps, treasury rate locks, interest rate caps and foreign exchange forwards. We do not hold derivatives for trading purposes. The following table sets forth the notional amounts of our outstanding derivative instruments: At September 30, At December 31, (dollars in millions) 2020 2019 Interest rate swaps $ 18,156 $ 17,004 Cross currency swaps 24,740 23,070 Forward starting interest rate swaps 2,000 3,000 Interest rate caps — 679 Foreign exchange forwards 1,300 1,130 Interest Rate Swaps We enter into interest rate swaps to achieve a targeted mix of fixed and variable rate debt. We principally receive fixed rates and pay variable rates that are currently based on LIBOR, resulting in a net increase or decrease to Interest expense. These swaps are designated as fair value hedges and hedge against interest rate risk exposure of designated debt issuances. We record the interest rate swaps at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as assets and liabilities. Changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded to Interest expense, which are offset by changes in the fair value of the hedged debt due to changes in interest rates. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $1.1 billion and we did not settle any interest rate swaps. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into and settled interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $3.5 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we did not enter into any interest rate swaps and we settled interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $2.1 billion. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we entered into and settled interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $510 million and $3.3 billion, respectively. The ineffective portion of these interest rate swaps was a loss of an insignificant amount and gain of an insignificant amount for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The ineffective portion of these interest rate swaps were gains of an insignificant amount and $88 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The following amounts were recorded in Long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges: At September 30, At December 31, (dollars in millions) 2020 2019 Carrying amount of hedged liabilities $ 19,485 $ 17,337 Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged liabilities 1,436 433 Cross Currency Swaps We have entered into cross currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges to exchange our British Pound Sterling, Euro, Swiss Franc, Canadian Dollar and Australian Dollar-denominated cash flows into U.S. dollars and to fix our cash payments in U.S. dollars, as well as to mitigate the impact of foreign currency transaction gains or losses. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we did not enter into or settle any cross currency swaps. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into cross currency swaps with a total notional value of $3.3 billion and we settled cross currency swaps with a total notional value of $1.6 billion. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, a pre-tax gain of $1.5 billion and a pre-tax loss of $420 million, respectively, were recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we entered into cross currency swaps with a total notional value of $2.1 billion and $5.6 billion, respectively, and we did not settle any cross currency swaps. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, pre-tax losses of $658 million and $986 million, respectively, were recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss). A portion of the gains recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) was reclassified to Other expense, net to offset the related pre-tax foreign currency transaction gain or loss on the underlying hedged item. Forward Starting Interest Rate Swaps We have entered into forward starting interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges in order to manage our exposure to interest rate changes on future forecasted transactions. We hedge our exposure to the variability in future cash flows based on the expected maturities of the related forecasted debt issuance. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we did not enter into any new forward starting interest rate swaps. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we did not settle any forward starting interest rate swaps. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we settled forward starting interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $1.0 billion. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we did not enter into any new forward starting interest rate swaps. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we did not settle any forward starting interest rate swaps and, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we settled forward starting interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $1.0 billion. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, a pre-tax gain of $141 million and a pre-tax loss of $668 million, respectively, were recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss), resulting from interest rate movements. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, pre-tax losses of $350 million and $847 million, respectively, were recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss), resulting from interest rate movements. Treasury Rate Locks We enter into treasury rate locks to mitigate our interest rate risk. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we did not enter into or settle any treasury rate locks designated as cash flow hedges, and we did not recognize any amount in our condensed consolidated financial statement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into and settled treasury rate locks designated as cash flow hedges with a total notional value of $500 million, and we recognized an insignificant pre-tax loss in Other comprehensive income (loss). During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we did not enter into or settle any treasury rate locks designated as cash flow hedges, and we did not recognize any amount in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Net Investment Hedges We have designated certain foreign currency debt instruments as net investment hedges to mitigate foreign exchange exposure related to non-U.S. dollar net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in foreign exchange rates. The notional amount of the Euro-denominated debt designated as a net investment hedge was €750 million as of both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Undesignated Derivatives We also have the following derivative contracts which we use as economic hedges but for which we have elected not to apply hedge accounting. Interest Rate Caps We enter into interest rate caps to mitigate our interest exposure to interest rate increases on our ABS Financing Facilities and ABS Notes. We recognized insignificant pre-tax losses in Interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Foreign Exchange Forwards We enter into British Pound Sterling and Euro foreign exchange forwards to mitigate our foreign exchange rate risk related to non-functional currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities of international subsidiaries, as well as foreign exchange risk related to debt settlements. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into and settled foreign exchange forwards with a total notional value of $3.4 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into and settled foreign exchange forwards with a total notional value of $10.3 billion and $10.2 billion, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we entered into and settled foreign exchange forwards with a total notional value of $3.1 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we entered into and settled foreign exchange forwards with a total notional value of $9.2 billion and $8.6 billion, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, pre-tax gains of an insignificant amount and $89 million, respectively, were recognized in Other expense, net. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, pre-tax losses of an insignificant amount and $53 million, respectively, were recognized in Other expense, net. Treasury Rate Locks We enter into treasury rate locks to mitigate our interest rate risk. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we did not enter into or settle any treasury rate locks, and we did not recognize any amount in our condensed consolidated financial statement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into and settled treasury rate locks with a total notional value of $1.6 billion, and we recognized an insignificant pre-tax gain in Interest expense. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we did not enter into or settle any treasury rate locks, and we did not recognize any amount in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of temporary cash investments, short-term and long-term investments, trade receivables, including device payment plan agreement receivables, certain notes receivable, including lease receivables, and derivative contracts. |