Fair Value Measurements | Note 8. Fair Value Measurements Recurring Fair Value Measurements The following table presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2021: (dollars in millions) Level 1 (1) Level 2 (2) Level 3 (3) Total Assets: Prepaid expenses and other: Interest rate swaps $ — $ 217 $ — $ 217 Cross currency swaps — 10 — 10 Other assets: Fixed income securities — 448 — 448 Interest rate swaps — 283 — 283 Cross currency swaps — 620 — 620 Total $ — $ 1,578 $ — $ 1,578 Liabilities: Other current liabilities: Interest rate swaps $ — $ 4 $ — $ 4 Foreign exchange forwards — 12 — 12 Cross currency swaps — 197 — 197 Forward starting interest rate swaps — 281 — 281 Other liabilities: Interest rate swaps — 612 — 612 Cross currency swaps — 1,165 — 1,165 Total $ — $ 2,271 $ — $ 2,271 The following table presents the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020: (dollars in millions) Level 1 (1) Level 2 (2) Level 3 (3) Total Assets: Prepaid expenses and other: Foreign exchange forwards $ — $ 12 $ — $ 12 Other assets: Fixed income securities — 459 — 459 Interest rate swaps — 787 — 787 Cross currency swaps — 1,446 — 1,446 Total $ — $ 2,704 $ — $ 2,704 Liabilities: Other current liabilities: Forward starting interest rate swaps $ — $ 409 $ — $ 409 Foreign exchange forwards — 2 — 2 Other liabilities: Interest rate swaps — 303 — 303 Cross currency swaps — 196 — 196 Forward starting interest rate swaps — 388 — 388 Total $ — $ 1,298 $ — $ 1,298 (1) Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. (2) Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. (3) Unobservable pricing inputs in the market. Certain of our equity investments do not have readily determinable fair values and are excluded from the tables above. Such investments are measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer and are included in Investments in unconsolidated businesses in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the carrying amount of our investments without readily determinable fair values were $843 million and $402 million, respectively. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, there were insignificant adjustments due to observable price changes and there were insignificant impairment charges. Cumulative adjustments due to observable price changes and impairment charges were $115 million and $50 million, respectively. Fixed income securities consist primarily of investments in municipal bonds. The valuation of the fixed income securities are based on the quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or identical assets in inactive markets or models that apply inputs from observable market data. The valuation determines that these securities are classified as Level 2. Derivative contracts are valued using models based on readily observable market parameters for all substantial terms of our derivative contracts and thus are classified within Level 2. We use mid-market pricing for fair value measurements of our derivative instruments. Our derivative instruments are recorded on a gross basis. We recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period. Fair Value of Short-term and Long-term Debt The fair value of our debt is determined using various methods, including quoted prices for identical debt instruments, which is a Level 1 measurement, as well as quoted prices for similar debt instruments with comparable terms and maturities, which is a Level 2 measurement. The fair value of our short-term and long-term debt, excluding finance leases, was as follows: Fair Value (dollars in millions) Carrying Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total At December 31, 2020 $ 127,778 $ 103,967 $ 52,785 $ — $ 156,752 At September 30, 2021 149,674 113,042 59,177 — 172,219 Derivative Instruments We enter into derivative transactions primarily to manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We employ risk management strategies, which may include the use of a variety of derivatives including interest rate swaps, cross currency swaps, forward starting interest rate swaps, treasury rate locks, interest rate caps, swaptions and foreign exchange forwards. We do not hold derivatives for trading purposes. The following table sets forth the notional amounts of our outstanding derivative instruments: At September 30, At December 31, (dollars in millions) 2021 2020 Interest rate swaps $ 17,756 $ 17,768 Cross currency swaps 32,502 26,288 Forward starting interest rate swaps 1,000 2,000 Foreign exchange forwards 870 1,405 Interest Rate Swaps We enter into interest rate swaps to achieve a targeted mix of fixed and variable rate debt. We principally receive fixed rates and pay variable rates, resulting in a net increase or decrease to Interest expense. These swaps are designated as fair value hedges and hedge against interest rate risk exposure of designated debt issuances. We record the interest rate swaps at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as assets and liabilities. Changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded to Interest expense, which are offset by changes in the fair value of the hedged debt due to changes in interest rates. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we did not enter into any interest rate swaps and we settled interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $851 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we entered into and settled interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $2.6 billion and $3.5 billion, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $1.1 billion and we did not settle any interest rate swaps. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into and settled interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $3.5 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively. The ineffective portion of these interest rate swaps were zero and an insignificant amount of gains for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The ineffective portion of these interest rate swaps were insignificant losses and gains for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The following amounts were recorded in Long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges: At September 30, At December 31, (dollars in millions) 2021 2020 Carrying amount of hedged liabilities $ 17,223 $ 18,849 Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged liabilities (29) 557 Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment remaining for which hedge accounting has been discontinued 603 627 Cross Currency Swaps We have entered into cross currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges to exchange our British Pound Sterling, Euro, Swiss Franc, Canadian Dollar and Australian Dollar-denominated cash flows into U.S. dollars and to fix our cash payments in U.S. dollars, as well as to mitigate the impact of foreign currency transaction gains or losses. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we did not enter into or settle any cross currency swaps. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we entered into cross currency swaps with a total notional value of $6.2 billion and we did not settle any cross currency swaps. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, a pre-tax loss of $1.1 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, was recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss). During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we did not enter into or settle any cross currency swaps. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into cross currency swaps with a total notional value of $3.3 billion and we settled cross currency swaps with a total notional value of $1.6 billion. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, a pre-tax gain of $1.5 billion and a pre-tax loss of $420 million, respectively, were recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss). A portion of the gains recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) was reclassified to Other income (expense), net to offset the related pre-tax foreign currency transaction gain or loss on the underlying hedged item. See Note 10 for additional information. Forward Starting Interest Rate Swaps We have entered into forward starting interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges in order to manage our exposure to interest rate changes on future forecasted transactions. We hedge our exposure to the variability in future cash flows based on the expected maturities of the related forecasted debt issuance. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we did not enter into any new forward starting interest rate swaps. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we did not settle any forward starting interest rate swaps. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we settled forward starting interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $1.0 billion. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we did not enter into any new forward starting interest rate swaps. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we did not settle any forward starting interest rate swaps. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we settled forward starting interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $1.0 billion. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we paid $237 million and $293 million, respectively, for the settlement of forward starting interest rate swaps, which was recorded in Other, net within Cash Flow from Operating Activities. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, an insignificant pre-tax gain and pre-tax gain of $279 million, respectively, were recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss), resulting from interest rate movements. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, a pre-tax gain of $141 million and a pre-tax loss of $668 million, respectively, were recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss), resulting from interest rate movements. Treasury Rate Locks We enter into treasury rate locks to mitigate our future interest rate risk. During both the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we did not enter into or settle any treasury rate locks designated as cash flow hedges, and we did not recognize any amount in Other comprehensive income (loss). During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we entered into and settled treasury rate locks designated as cash flow hedges with a total notional value of $4.7 billion, and we recognized $251 million in Other comprehensive income (loss). During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we received $251 million from the settlement of treasury rate locks designated as cash flow hedges, which was recorded in Other, net within Cash Flow from Operating Activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into and settled treasury rate locks designated as cash flow hedges with a total notional value of $500 million, and we recognized an insignificant pre-tax loss in Other comprehensive income (loss). Net Investment Hedges We have designated certain foreign currency debt instruments as net investment hedges to mitigate foreign exchange exposure related to non-U.S. dollar net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries against changes in foreign exchange rates. In March 2021, we de-designated the existing net investment hedge and designated a new net investment hedge using a different Euro-denominated note. The notional amount of Euro-denominated debt designated as a net investment hedge was €750 million as of both September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Undesignated Derivatives We also have the following derivative contracts which we use as economic hedges but for which we have elected not to apply hedge accounting. Foreign Exchange Forwards We enter into British Pound Sterling and Euro foreign exchange forwards to mitigate our foreign exchange rate risk related to non-functional currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities of international subsidiaries, as well as foreign exchange risk related to debt settlements. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we entered into and settled foreign exchange forwards with a total notional value of $2.7 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we entered into and settled foreign exchange forwards with a total notional value of $10.0 billion and $10.5 billion, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into and settled foreign exchange forwards with a total notional value of $3.4 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into and settled foreign exchange forwards with a total notional value of $10.3 billion and $10.2 billion, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, pre-tax losses of an insignificant amount and $51 million, respectively, were recognized in Other income (expense), net. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, pre-tax gains of an insignificant amount and $89 million, respectively, were recognized in Other income (expense), net. Treasury Rate Locks We enter into treasury rate locks to mitigate our future interest rate risk. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we did not enter into or settle any treasury rate locks that were not designated in hedging relationships, and we did not recognize any amount in our condensed consolidated financial statements. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we did not enter into or settle any treasury rate locks, and we did not recognize any amount in our condensed consolidated financial statements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into and settled treasury rate locks with a total notional value of $1.6 billion, and we recognized an insignificant pre-tax gain in Interest expense. Swaptions We enter into swaptions to achieve a targeted mix of fixed and variable rate debt. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we sold payer swaptions with a notional amount of $1.0 billion to enter into future pay-floating interest rate swaps indexed to SOFR that were not designated in hedging relationships. Losses for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were insignificant. In October 2021, we sold payer swaptions with a notional amount of $1.0 billion to enter into future pay-floating interest rate swaps indexed to SOFR that were not designated in hedging relationships. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of temporary cash investments, short-term and long-term investments, trade receivables, including device payment plan agreement receivables, certain notes receivable, including lease receivables, and derivative contracts. Counterparties to our derivative contracts are major financial institutions with whom we have negotiated derivatives agreements (ISDA master agreements) and credit support annex (CSA) agreements which provide rules for collateral exchange. The CSA agreements contain rating based thresholds such that we or our counterparties may be required to hold or post collateral based upon changes in outstanding |