Fair Value | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2014 |
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | ' |
Fair Value | ' |
7. Fair Value |
Considerable judgment is often required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value, and the use of different assumptions or valuation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. |
Recurring Fair Value Measurements |
The assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, including those items for which the Company has elected the FVO, are presented below. |
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| 31-Mar-14 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value Hierarchy | | Total Estimated | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Fair Value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. corporate | $ | — | | | $ | 15,493 | | | $ | 1,400 | | | $ | 16,893 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Foreign corporate | — | | | 7,757 | | | 723 | | | 8,480 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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U.S. Treasury and agency | 3,651 | | | 5,829 | | | — | | | 9,480 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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RMBS | — | | | 4,385 | | | 535 | | | 4,920 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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State and political subdivision | — | | | 2,317 | | | — | | | 2,317 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ABS | — | | | 1,814 | | | 185 | | | 1,999 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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CMBS | — | | | 1,439 | | | 102 | | | 1,541 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Foreign government | — | | | 1,157 | | | — | | | 1,157 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total fixed maturity securities | 3,651 | | | 40,191 | | | 2,945 | | | 46,787 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-redeemable preferred stock | — | | | 137 | | | 89 | | | 226 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Common stock | 87 | | | 84 | | | 33 | | | 204 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total equity securities | 87 | | | 221 | | | 122 | | | 430 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Short-term investments (1) | 405 | | | 1,243 | | | 91 | | | 1,739 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Mortgage loans held by CSEs — FVO | — | | | 1,140 | | | — | | | 1,140 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Other invested assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
FVO securities | — | | | 10 | | | — | | | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Derivative assets: (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate | — | | | 1,056 | | | 46 | | | 1,102 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Foreign currency exchange rate | — | | | 74 | | | — | | | 74 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Credit | — | | | 30 | | | 4 | | | 34 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Equity market | — | | | 283 | | | 8 | | | 291 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total derivative assets | — | | | 1,443 | | | 58 | | | 1,501 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total other invested assets | — | | | 1,453 | | | 58 | | | 1,511 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (3) | — | | | — | | | 1,253 | | | 1,253 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Separate account assets (4) | 286 | | | 97,559 | | | 160 | | | 98,005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total assets | $ | 4,429 | | | $ | 141,807 | | | $ | 4,629 | | | $ | 150,865 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities: (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate | $ | 1 | | | $ | 497 | | | $ | 8 | | | $ | 506 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Foreign currency exchange rate | — | | | 79 | | | — | | | 79 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Credit | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Equity market | 8 | | | 66 | | | 103 | | | 177 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total derivative liabilities | 9 | | | 643 | | | 111 | | | 763 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (3) | — | | | — | | | (984 | ) | | (984 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Long-term debt of CSEs — FVO | — | | | 1,000 | | | — | | | 1,000 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total liabilities | $ | 9 | | | $ | 1,643 | | | $ | (873 | ) | | $ | 779 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| 31-Dec-13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value Hierarchy | | Total Estimated | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Fair Value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. corporate | $ | — | | | $ | 15,454 | | | $ | 1,248 | | | $ | 16,702 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Foreign corporate | — | | | 7,783 | | | 734 | | | 8,517 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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U.S. Treasury and agency | 4,365 | | | 3,929 | | | — | | | 8,294 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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RMBS | — | | | 4,266 | | | 422 | | | 4,688 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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State and political subdivision | — | | | 2,224 | | | — | | | 2,224 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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ABS | — | | | 1,682 | | | 419 | | | 2,101 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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CMBS | — | | | 1,532 | | | 72 | | | 1,604 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Foreign government | — | | | 1,122 | | | — | | | 1,122 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total fixed maturity securities | 4,365 | | | 37,992 | | | 2,895 | | | 45,252 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-redeemable preferred stock | — | | | 136 | | | 81 | | | 217 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Common stock | 86 | | | 84 | | | 31 | | | 201 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total equity securities | 86 | | | 220 | | | 112 | | | 418 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Short-term investments (1) | 391 | | | 1,671 | | | — | | | 2,062 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Mortgage loans held by CSEs — FVO | — | | | 1,598 | | | — | | | 1,598 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Other invested assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
FVO securities | — | | | 9 | | | — | | | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Derivative assets: (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate | — | | | 1,011 | | | 23 | | | 1,034 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Foreign currency exchange rate | — | | | 77 | | | — | | | 77 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Credit | — | | | 32 | | | 6 | | | 38 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Equity market | — | | | 305 | | | 6 | | | 311 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total derivative assets | — | | | 1,425 | | | 35 | | | 1,460 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total other invested assets | — | | | 1,434 | | | 35 | | | 1,469 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (3) | — | | | — | | | 912 | | | 912 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Separate account assets (4) | 259 | | | 97,368 | | | 153 | | | 97,780 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total assets | $ | 5,101 | | | $ | 140,283 | | | $ | 4,107 | | | $ | 149,491 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities: (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate | $ | 3 | | | $ | 574 | | | $ | 12 | | | $ | 589 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Foreign currency exchange rate | — | | | 90 | | | — | | | 90 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Credit | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Equity market | 3 | | | 64 | | | 94 | | | 161 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total derivative liabilities | 6 | | | 729 | | | 106 | | | 841 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (3) | — | | | — | | | (1,211 | ) | | (1,211 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Long-term debt of CSEs — FVO | — | | | 1,461 | | | — | | | 1,461 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total liabilities | $ | 6 | | | $ | 2,190 | | | $ | (1,105 | ) | | $ | 1,091 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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____________ |
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-1 | Short-term investments as presented in the tables above differ from the amounts presented on the consolidated balance sheets because certain short-term investments are not measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-2 | Derivative assets are presented within other invested assets on the consolidated balance sheets and derivative liabilities are presented within other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The amounts are presented gross in the tables above to reflect the presentation on the consolidated balance sheets, but are presented net for purposes of the rollforward in the Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) tables. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-3 | Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts are presented primarily within premiums, reinsurance and other receivables on the consolidated balance sheets. Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts are presented primarily within PABs and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, equity securities also included embedded derivatives of ($35) million and ($30) million, respectively. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-4 | Investment performance related to separate account assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders whose liability is reflected within separate account liabilities. Separate account liabilities are set equal to the estimated fair value of separate account assets. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following describes the valuation methodologies used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. The description includes the valuation techniques and key inputs for each category of assets or liabilities that are classified within Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. |
Investments |
Valuation Controls and Procedures |
On behalf of the Company and MetLife, Inc.’s Chief Investment Officer and Chief Financial Officer, a pricing and valuation committee that is independent of the trading and investing functions and comprised of senior management provides oversight of control systems and valuation policies for securities, mortgage loans and derivatives. On a quarterly basis, this committee reviews and approves new transaction types and markets, ensures that observable market prices and market-based parameters are used for valuation, wherever possible, and determines that judgmental valuation adjustments, when applied, are based upon established policies and are applied consistently over time. This committee also provides oversight of the selection of independent third party pricing providers and the controls and procedures to evaluate third party pricing. Periodically, the Chief Accounting Officer reports to MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut’s Audit Committee regarding compliance with fair value accounting standards. |
The Company reviews its valuation methodologies on an ongoing basis and revises those methodologies when necessary based on changing market conditions. Assurance is gained on the overall reasonableness and consistent application of input assumptions, valuation methodologies and compliance with fair value accounting standards through controls designed to ensure valuations represent an exit price. Several controls are utilized, including certain monthly controls, which include, but are not limited to, analysis of portfolio returns to corresponding benchmark returns, comparing a sample of executed prices of securities sold to the fair value estimates, comparing fair value estimates to management’s knowledge of the current market, reviewing the bid/ask spreads to assess activity, comparing prices from multiple independent pricing services and ongoing due diligence to confirm that independent pricing services use market-based parameters. The process includes a determination of the observability of inputs used in estimated fair values received from independent pricing services or brokers by assessing whether these inputs can be corroborated by observable market data. The Company ensures that prices received from independent brokers, also referred to herein as “consensus pricing,” represent a reasonable estimate of fair value by considering such pricing relative to the Company’s knowledge of the current market dynamics and current pricing for similar financial instruments. While independent non-binding broker quotations are utilized, they are not used for a significant portion of the portfolio. For example, fixed maturity securities priced using independent non-binding broker quotations represent less than 1% of the total estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities and 15% of the total estimated fair value of Level 3 fixed maturity securities. |
The Company also applies a formal process to challenge any prices received from independent pricing services that are not considered representative of estimated fair value. If prices received from independent pricing services are not considered reflective of market activity or representative of estimated fair value, independent non-binding broker quotations are obtained, or an internally developed valuation is prepared. Internally developed valuations of current estimated fair value, which reflect internal estimates of liquidity and nonperformance risks, compared with pricing received from the independent pricing services, did not produce material differences in the estimated fair values for the majority of the portfolio; accordingly, overrides were not material. This is, in part, because internal estimates of liquidity and nonperformance risks are generally based on available market evidence and estimates used by other market participants. In the absence of such market-based evidence, management’s best estimate is used. |
Securities, Short-term Investments and Long-term Debt of CSEs |
When available, the estimated fair value of these financial instruments is based on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and regularly obtainable. Generally, these are the most liquid of the Company’s securities holdings and valuation of these securities does not involve management’s judgment. |
When quoted prices in active markets are not available, the determination of estimated fair value is based on market standard valuation methodologies, giving priority to observable inputs. The significant inputs to the market standard valuation methodologies for certain types of securities with reasonable levels of price transparency are inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. When observable inputs are not available, the market standard valuation methodologies rely on inputs that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. These unobservable inputs can be based in large part on management’s judgment or estimation and cannot be supported by reference to market activity. Even though these inputs are unobservable, management believes they are consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing such securities and are considered appropriate given the circumstances. |
The estimated fair value of long-term debt of CSEs is determined on a basis consistent with the methodologies described herein for securities. |
Level 2 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs: |
This level includes securities priced principally by independent pricing services using observable inputs. FVO securities and short-term investments within this level are of a similar nature and class to the Level 2 fixed maturity securities and equity securities. |
U.S. corporate and foreign corporate securities |
These securities are principally valued using the market and income approaches. Valuations are based primarily on quoted prices in markets that are not active, or using matrix pricing or other similar techniques that use standard market observable inputs such as benchmark yields, spreads off benchmark yields, new issuances, issuer rating, duration, and trades of identical or comparable securities. Privately-placed securities are valued using matrix pricing methodologies using standard market observable inputs, and inputs derived from, or corroborated by, market observable data including market yield curve, duration, call provisions, observable prices and spreads for similar publicly traded or privately traded issues that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer, and in certain cases, delta spread adjustments to reflect specific credit-related issues. |
U.S. Treasury and agency securities |
These securities are principally valued using the market approach. Valuations are based primarily on quoted prices in markets that are not active, or using matrix pricing or other similar techniques using standard market observable inputs such as a benchmark U.S. Treasury yield curve, the spread off the U.S. Treasury yield curve for the identical security and comparable securities that are actively traded. |
Structured securities comprised of RMBS, ABS and CMBS |
These securities are principally valued using the market and income approaches. Valuations are based primarily on matrix pricing, discounted cash flow methodologies or other similar techniques using standard market inputs, including spreads for actively traded securities, spreads off benchmark yields, expected prepayment speeds and volumes, current and forecasted loss severity, rating, weighted average coupon, weighted average maturity, average delinquency rates, geographic region, debt-service coverage ratios and issuance-specific information, including, but not limited to: collateral type, payment terms of the underlying assets, payment priority within the tranche, structure of the security, deal performance and vintage of loans. |
State and political subdivision and foreign government securities |
These securities are principally valued using the market approach. Valuations are based primarily on matrix pricing or other similar techniques using standard market observable inputs including a benchmark U.S. Treasury yield or other yields, issuer ratings, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads and reported trades of similar securities, including those within the same sub-sector or with a similar maturity or credit rating. |
Non-redeemable preferred and common stock |
These securities are principally valued using the market approach. Valuations are based principally on observable inputs, including quoted prices in markets that are not considered active. |
Level 3 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs: |
In general, securities classified within Level 3 use many of the same valuation techniques and inputs as described previously for Level 2. However, if key inputs are unobservable, or if the investments are less liquid and there is very limited trading activity, the investments are generally classified as Level 3. The use of independent non-binding broker quotations to value investments generally indicates there is a lack of liquidity or a lack of transparency in the process to develop the valuation estimates, generally causing these investments to be classified in Level 3. |
Short-term investments within this level are of a similar nature and class to the Level 3 securities described below; accordingly, the valuation techniques and significant market standard observable inputs used in their valuation are also similar to those described below. |
U.S. corporate and foreign corporate securities |
These securities, including financial services industry hybrid securities classified within fixed maturity securities, are principally valued using the market approach. Valuations are based primarily on matrix pricing or other similar techniques that utilize unobservable inputs or inputs that cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data, including illiquidity premium, delta spread adjustments to reflect specific credit-related issues, credit spreads; and inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2. Certain valuations are based on independent non-binding broker quotations. |
Structured securities comprised of RMBS, ABS and CMBS |
These securities are principally valued using the market and income approaches. Valuations are based primarily on matrix pricing, discounted cash flow methodologies or other similar techniques that utilize inputs that are unobservable or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data, including credit spreads. Below investment grade securities and sub-prime RMBS included in this level are valued based on inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2. Certain of these valuations are based on independent non-binding broker quotations. |
State and political subdivision and foreign government securities |
These securities are principally valued using the market approach. Valuations are based primarily on independent non-binding broker quotations and inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2. Certain valuations are based on matrix pricing that utilize inputs that are unobservable or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data, including credit spreads. |
Non-redeemable preferred and common stock |
These securities, including privately-held securities and financial services industry hybrid securities classified within equity securities, are principally valued using the market and income approaches. Valuations are based primarily on matrix pricing, discounted cash flow methodologies or other similar techniques using inputs such as comparable credit rating and issuance structure. Certain of these securities are valued based on inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2 and independent non-binding broker quotations. |
Mortgage Loans Held by CSEs — FVO |
The Company consolidates certain securitization entities that hold mortgage loans. |
Level 2 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs: |
These investments are principally valued using the market approach. The principal market for these investments is the securitization market. The Company uses the quoted securitization market price of the obligations of the CSEs to determine the estimated fair value of these commercial loan portfolios. These market prices are determined principally by independent pricing services using observable inputs. |
Separate Account Assets |
Separate account assets are carried at estimated fair value and reported as a summarized total on the consolidated balance sheets. The estimated fair value of separate account assets is based on the estimated fair value of the underlying assets. Separate account assets include: mutual funds, fixed maturity securities, equity securities, derivatives, other limited partnership interests, short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents. |
Level 2 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs: |
These assets are comprised of investments that are similar in nature to the instruments described under “— Securities, Short-term Investments and Long-term Debt of CSEs.” Also included are certain mutual funds without readily determinable fair values, as prices are not published publicly. Valuation of the mutual funds is based upon quoted prices or reported net asset value (“NAV”) provided by the fund managers. |
Level 3 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs: |
These assets are comprised of investments that are similar in nature to the instruments described under “— Securities, Short-term Investments and Long-term Debt of CSEs.” Also included are other limited partnership interests, which are valued giving consideration to the value of the underlying holdings of the partnerships and by applying a premium or discount, if appropriate, for factors such as liquidity, bid/ask spreads, the performance record of the fund manager or other relevant variables that may impact the exit value of the particular partnership interest. |
Derivatives |
The estimated fair value of derivatives is determined through the use of quoted market prices for exchange-traded derivatives, or through the use of pricing models for OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives. The determination of estimated fair value, when quoted market values are not available, is based on market standard valuation methodologies and inputs that management believes are consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing such instruments. Derivative valuations can be affected by changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, financial indices, credit spreads, default risk, nonperformance risk, volatility, liquidity and changes in estimates and assumptions used in the pricing models. The valuation controls and procedures for derivatives are described in “— Investments.” |
The significant inputs to the pricing models for most OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives are inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Significant inputs that are observable generally include: interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rate curves, credit curves and volatility. However, certain OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives may rely on inputs that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Significant inputs that are unobservable generally include references to emerging market currencies and inputs that are outside the observable portion of the interest rate curve, credit curve, volatility or other relevant market measure. These unobservable inputs may involve significant management judgment or estimation. Even though unobservable, these inputs are based on assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances and management believes they are consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing such instruments. |
Most inputs for OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives are mid-market inputs but, in certain cases, liquidity adjustments are made when they are deemed more representative of exit value. Market liquidity, as well as the use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs, may have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the Company’s derivatives and could materially affect net income. |
The credit risk of both the counterparty and the Company are considered in determining the estimated fair value for all OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives, and any potential credit adjustment is based on the net exposure by counterparty after taking into account the effects of netting agreements and collateral arrangements. The Company values its OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives using standard swap curves which may include a spread to the risk free rate, depending upon specific collateral arrangements. This credit spread is appropriate for those parties that execute trades at pricing levels consistent with similar collateral arrangements. As the Company and its significant derivative counterparties generally execute trades at such pricing levels and hold sufficient collateral, additional credit risk adjustments are not currently required in the valuation process. The Company’s ability to consistently execute at such pricing levels is in part due to the netting agreements and collateral arrangements that are in place with all of its significant derivative counterparties. An evaluation of the requirement to make additional credit risk adjustments is performed by the Company each reporting period. |
Freestanding Derivatives |
Level 2 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs: |
This level includes all types of derivatives utilized by the Company with the exception of exchange-traded derivatives included within Level 1 and those derivatives with unobservable inputs as described in Level 3. These derivatives are principally valued using the income approach. |
Interest rate |
Non-option-based. Valuations are based on present value techniques, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve and basis curves. |
Option-based. Valuations are based on option pricing models, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve, basis curves and interest rate volatility. |
Foreign currency exchange rate |
Non-option-based. Valuations are based on present value techniques, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve, basis curves, currency spot rates and cross currency basis curves. |
Credit |
Non-option-based. Valuations are based on present value techniques, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve, credit curves and recovery rates. |
Equity market |
Non-option-based. Valuations are based on present value techniques, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve, spot equity index levels and dividend yield curves. |
Option-based. Valuations are based on option pricing models, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve, spot equity index levels, dividend yield curves and equity volatility. |
Level 3 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs: |
These derivatives are principally valued using the income approach. Valuations of non-option-based derivatives utilize present value techniques, whereas valuations of option-based derivatives utilize option pricing models. These valuation methodologies generally use the same inputs as described in the corresponding sections above for Level 2 measurements of derivatives. However, these derivatives result in Level 3 classification because one or more of the significant inputs are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. |
Interest rate |
Non-option-based. Significant unobservable inputs may include the extrapolation beyond observable limits of the swap yield curve and basis curves. |
Credit |
Non-option-based. Significant unobservable inputs may include credit spreads, repurchase rates and the extrapolation beyond observable limits of the swap yield curve and credit curves. Certain of these derivatives are valued based on independent non-binding broker quotations. |
Equity market |
Non-option-based. Significant unobservable inputs may include the extrapolation beyond observable limits of dividend yield curves and equity volatility. |
Embedded Derivatives |
Embedded derivatives principally include certain direct, assumed and ceded variable annuity guarantees and embedded derivatives related to funds withheld on ceded reinsurance. Embedded derivatives are recorded at estimated fair value with changes in estimated fair value reported in net income. |
The Company issues certain variable annuity products with guaranteed minimum benefits. GMWBs, GMABs and GMIBs contain embedded derivatives, which are measured at estimated fair value separately from the host variable annuity contract, with changes in estimated fair value reported in net derivative gains (losses). These embedded derivatives are classified within PABs on the consolidated balance sheets. |
The fair value of these embedded derivatives, estimated as the present value of projected future benefits minus the present value of projected future fees using actuarial and capital market assumptions including expectations concerning policyholder behavior, is calculated by the Company’s actuarial department. The calculation is based on in-force business, and is performed using standard actuarial valuation software which projects future cash flows from the embedded derivative over multiple risk neutral stochastic scenarios using observable risk free rates. |
Capital market assumptions, such as risk free rates and implied volatilities, are based on market prices for publicly traded instruments to the extent that prices for such instruments are observable. Implied volatilities beyond the observable period are extrapolated based on observable implied volatilities and historical volatilities. Actuarial assumptions, including mortality, lapse, withdrawal and utilization, are unobservable and are reviewed at least annually based on actuarial studies of historical experience. |
The valuation of these guarantee liabilities includes nonperformance risk adjustments and adjustments for a risk margin related to non-capital market inputs. The nonperformance adjustment is determined by taking into consideration publicly available information relating to spreads in the secondary market for MetLife’s debt, including related credit default swaps. These observable spreads are then adjusted, as necessary, to reflect the priority of these liabilities and the claims paying ability of the issuing insurance subsidiaries compared to MetLife. |
Risk margins are established to capture the non-capital market risks of the instrument which represent the additional compensation a market participant would require to assume the risks related to the uncertainties of such actuarial assumptions as annuitization, premium persistency, partial withdrawal and surrenders. The establishment of risk margins requires the use of significant management judgment, including assumptions of the amount and cost of capital needed to cover the guarantees. These guarantees may be more costly than expected in volatile or declining equity markets. Market conditions including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices, market volatility and foreign currency exchange rates; changes in nonperformance risk; and variations in actuarial assumptions regarding policyholder behavior, mortality and risk margins related to non-capital market inputs, may result in significant fluctuations in the estimated fair value of the guarantees that could materially affect net income. |
The Company assumed, from an affiliated insurance company, the risk associated with certain GMIBs. These embedded derivatives are included in other policy-related balances on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in estimated fair value reported in net derivative gains (losses). The value of the embedded derivatives on these assumed risks is determined using a methodology consistent with that described previously for the guarantees directly written by the Company. |
The Company ceded, to an affiliated reinsurance company, the risk associated with certain of the GMIBs, GMABs and GMWBs described above that are also accounted for as embedded derivatives. In addition to ceding risks associated with guarantees that are accounted for as embedded derivatives, the Company also cedes, to the same affiliated reinsurance company, certain directly written GMIBs that are accounted for as insurance (i.e., not as embedded derivatives), but where the reinsurance agreement contains an embedded derivative. These embedded derivatives are included within premiums, reinsurance and other receivables on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in estimated fair value reported in net derivative gains (losses). The value of the embedded derivatives on the ceded risk is determined using a methodology consistent with that described previously for the guarantees directly written by the Company with the exception of the input for nonperformance risk that reflects the credit of the reinsurer. |
The estimated fair value of the embedded derivatives within funds withheld related to certain ceded reinsurance is determined based on the change in estimated fair value of the underlying assets held by the Company in a reference portfolio backing the funds withheld liability. The estimated fair value of the underlying assets is determined as previously described in “— Investments — Securities, Short-term Investments and Long-term Debt of CSEs.” The estimated fair value of these embedded derivatives is included, along with their funds withheld hosts, in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in estimated fair value recorded in net derivative gains (losses). Changes in the credit spreads on the underlying assets, interest rates and market volatility may result in significant fluctuations in the estimated fair value of these embedded derivatives that could materially affect net income. |
Embedded Derivatives Within Asset and Liability Host Contracts |
Level 3 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs: |
Direct and assumed guaranteed minimum benefits |
These embedded derivatives are principally valued using the income approach. Valuations are based on option pricing techniques, which utilize significant inputs that may include swap yield curve, currency exchange rates and implied volatilities. These embedded derivatives result in Level 3 classification because one or more of the significant inputs are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Significant unobservable inputs generally include: the extrapolation beyond observable limits of the swap yield curve and implied volatilities, actuarial assumptions for policyholder behavior and mortality and the potential variability in policyholder behavior and mortality, nonperformance risk and cost of capital for purposes of calculating the risk margin. |
Reinsurance ceded on certain guaranteed minimum benefits |
These embedded derivatives are principally valued using the income approach. The valuation techniques and significant market standard unobservable inputs used in their valuation are similar to those described above in “— Direct and Assumed Guaranteed Minimum Benefits” and also include counterparty credit spreads. |
Transfers between Levels |
Overall, transfers between levels occur when there are changes in the observability of inputs and market activity. Transfers into or out of any level are assumed to occur at the beginning of the period. |
Transfers between Levels 1 and 2: |
For assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value and still held at both March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, transfers between Levels 1 and 2 were not significant. |
Transfers into or out of Level 3: |
Assets and liabilities are transferred into Level 3 when a significant input cannot be corroborated with market observable data. This occurs when market activity decreases significantly and underlying inputs cannot be observed, current prices are not available, and/or when there are significant variances in quoted prices, thereby affecting transparency. Assets and liabilities are transferred out of Level 3 when circumstances change such that a significant input can be corroborated with market observable data. This may be due to a significant increase in market activity, a specific event, or one or more significant input(s) becoming observable. |
Transfers into Level 3 for fixed maturity securities were due primarily to a lack of trading activity, decreased liquidity and credit ratings downgrades (e.g., from investment grade to below investment grade) which have resulted in decreased transparency of valuations and an increased use of independent non-binding broker quotations and unobservable inputs, such as illiquidity premiums, delta spread adjustments, or credit spreads. |
Transfers out of Level 3 for fixed maturity securities resulted primarily from increased transparency of both new issuances that, subsequent to issuance and establishment of trading activity, became priced by independent pricing services and existing issuances that, over time, the Company was able to obtain pricing from, or corroborate pricing received from, independent pricing services with observable inputs (such as observable spreads used in pricing securities) or increases in market activity and upgraded credit ratings. |
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
The following table presents certain quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement, and the sensitivity of the estimated fair value to changes in those inputs, for the more significant asset and liability classes measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at: |
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| | | | | | | 31-Mar-14 | | 31-Dec-13 | | Impact of | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Increase in Input | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
on Estimated | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Valuation | | Significant | | | | Weighted | | Range | | Weighted | | Fair Value (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Techniques | Unobservable Inputs | Range | Average (1) | Average (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities (3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. corporate and foreign corporate | Ÿ | Matrix pricing | | Ÿ | Delta spread adjustments (4) | | -5 | - | 250 | | 60 | | -10 | - | 240 | | 51 | | Decrease | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Ÿ | Illiquidity premium (4) | | 30 | - | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | - | 30 | | 30 | | Decrease | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Ÿ | Credit spreads (4) | | -118 | - | 787 | | 191 | | -112 | - | 538 | | 208 | | Decrease | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Ÿ | Offered quotes (5) | | 99 | - | 101 | | 100 | | 99 | - | 100 | | 100 | | Increase | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ÿ | Market pricing | | Ÿ | Quoted prices (5) | | — | - | 118 | | 94 | | | | | | | | Increase | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ÿ | Consensus pricing | | Ÿ | Offered quotes (5) | | 64 | - | 1,250 | | 465 | | 33 | - | 103 | | 87 | | Increase | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
RMBS | Ÿ | Matrix pricing and | | Ÿ | Credit spreads (4) | | -141 | - | 1,234 | | 251 | | -96 | - | 2,406 | | 295 | | Decrease (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
discounted cash flow | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ÿ | Market pricing | | Ÿ | Quoted prices (5) | | 38 | - | 107 | | 97 | | 10 | - | 100 | | 95 | | Increase (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ÿ | Consensus pricing | | Ÿ | Offered quotes (5) | | 2 | - | 78 | | 71 | | 78 | - | 100 | | 95 | | Increase (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS | Ÿ | Matrix pricing and | | Ÿ | Credit spreads (4) | | | | | | | | 341 | - | 1,879 | | 746 | | Decrease (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
discounted cash flow | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ÿ | Market pricing | | Ÿ | Quoted prices (5) | | 1 | - | 112 | | 101 | | 97 | - | 104 | | 101 | | Increase (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ÿ | Consensus pricing | | Ÿ | Offered quotes (5) | | 13 | - | 100 | | 100 | | 101 | - | 101 | | 101 | | Increase (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ABS | Ÿ | Matrix pricing and | | Ÿ | Credit spreads (4) | | 131 | - | 875 | | 311 | | 30 | - | 875 | | 319 | | Decrease (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
discounted cash flow | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ÿ | Market pricing | | Ÿ | Quoted prices (5) | | — | - | 100 | | 100 | | — | - | 104 | | 101 | | Increase (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ÿ | Consensus pricing | | Ÿ | Offered quotes (5) | | 60 | - | 106 | | 98 | | 58 | - | 106 | | 98 | | Increase (6) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate | Ÿ | Present value techniques | | Ÿ | Swap yield (7) | | 242 | - | 401 | | | | 248 | - | 450 | | | | Increase (11) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit | Ÿ | Present value techniques | | Ÿ | Credit spreads (8) | | 99 | - | 100 | | | | 98 | - | 100 | | | | Decrease (8) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ÿ | Consensus pricing | | Ÿ | Offered quotes (9) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity market | Ÿ | Present value techniques | | Ÿ | Volatility (10) | | 15% | - | 23% | | | | 17% | - | 28% | | | | Increase (11) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Embedded derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Direct and ceded guaranteed minimum benefits | Ÿ | Option pricing techniques | | Ÿ | Mortality rates: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Ages 0 - 40 | | 0% | - | 0.10% | | | | 0% | - | 0.10% | | | | Decrease (12) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Ages 41 - 60 | | 0.04% | - | 0.65% | | | | 0.04% | - | 0.65% | | | | Decrease (12) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Ages 61 - 115 | | 0.26% | - | 100% | | | | 0.26% | - | 100% | | | | Decrease (12) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Ÿ | Lapse rates: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Durations 1 - 10 | | 0.50% | - | 100% | | | | 0.50% | - | 100% | | | | Decrease (13) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Durations 11 - 20 | | 3% | - | 100% | | | | 3% | - | 100% | | | | Decrease (13) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Durations 21 - 116 | | 3% | - | 100% | | | | 3% | - | 100% | | | | Decrease (13) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Ÿ | Utilization rates | | 20% | - | 50% | | | | 20% | - | 50% | | | | Increase (14) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Ÿ | Withdrawal rates | | 0.07% | - | 10% | | | | 0.07% | - | 10% | | | | -15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Ÿ | Long-term equity volatilities | | 17.40% | - | 25% | | | | 17.40% | - | 25% | | | | Increase (16) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Ÿ | Nonperformance risk spread | | 0.03% | - | 1.35% | | | | 0.03% | - | 0.44% | | | | Decrease (17) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
____________ |
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-1 | The weighted average for fixed maturity securities is determined based on the estimated fair value of the securities. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-2 | The impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact on the estimated fair value. For embedded derivatives, changes to direct guaranteed minimum benefits are based on liability positions and changes to ceded guaranteed minimum benefits are based on asset positions. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-3 | Significant increases (decreases) in expected default rates in isolation would result in substantially lower (higher) valuations. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-4 | Range and weighted average are presented in basis points. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-5 | Range and weighted average are presented in accordance with the market convention for fixed maturity securities of dollars per hundred dollars of par. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-6 | Changes in the assumptions used for the probability of default is accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for the loss severity and a directionally opposite change in the assumptions used for prepayment rates. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-7 | Ranges represent the rates across different yield curves and are presented in basis points. The swap yield curve is utilized among different types of derivatives to project cash flows, as well as to discount future cash flows to present value. Since this valuation methodology uses a range of inputs across a yield curve to value the derivative, presenting a range is more representative of the unobservable input used in the valuation. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-8 | Represents the risk quoted in basis points of a credit default event on the underlying instrument. Credit derivatives with significant unobservable inputs are primarily comprised of written credit default swaps. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-9 | At both March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, independent non-binding broker quotations were used in the determination of less than 1% of the total net derivative estimated fair value. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-10 | Ranges represent the underlying equity volatility quoted in percentage points. Since this valuation methodology uses a range of inputs across multiple volatility surfaces to value the derivative, presenting a range is more representative of the unobservable input used in the valuation. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-11 | Changes are based on long U.S. dollar net asset positions and will be inversely impacted for short U.S. dollar net asset positions. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-12 | Mortality rates vary by age and by demographic characteristics such as gender. Mortality rate assumptions are based on company experience. A mortality improvement assumption is also applied. For any given contract, mortality rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-13 | Base lapse rates are adjusted at the contract level based on a comparison of the actuarially calculated guaranteed values and the current policyholder account value, as well as other factors, such as the applicability of any surrender charges. A dynamic lapse function reduces the base lapse rate when the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value as in the money contracts are less likely to lapse. Lapse rates are also generally assumed to be lower in periods when a surrender charge applies. For any given contract, lapse rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-14 | The utilization rate assumption estimates the percentage of contract holders with a GMIB or lifetime withdrawal benefit who will elect to utilize the benefit upon becoming eligible. The rates may vary by the type of guarantee, the amount by which the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value, the contract’s withdrawal history and by the age of the policyholder. For any given contract, utilization rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-15 | The withdrawal rate represents the percentage of account balance that any given policyholder will elect to withdraw from the contract each year. The withdrawal rate assumption varies by age and duration of the contract, and also by other factors such as benefit type. For any given contract, withdrawal rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. For GMWBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in an increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of the guarantees. For GMABs and GMIBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in a decrease (increase) in the estimated fair value. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-16 | Long-term equity volatilities represent equity volatility beyond the period for which observable equity volatilities are available. For any given contract, long-term equity volatility rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-17 | Nonperformance risk spread varies by duration and by currency. For any given contract, multiple nonperformance risk spreads will apply, depending on the duration of the cash flow being discounted for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following is a summary of the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities classified within Level 3 that are not included in the preceding table. Generally, all other classes of securities classified within Level 3, including those within separate account assets and embedded derivatives within funds withheld related to certain ceded reinsurance, use the same valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs as previously described for Level 3 securities. This includes matrix pricing and discounted cash flow methodologies, inputs such as quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2, as well as independent non-binding broker quotations. The sensitivity of the estimated fair value to changes in the significant unobservable inputs for these other assets and liabilities is similar in nature to that described in the preceding table. The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for the more significant assets measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis and determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are summarized in “— Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements.” |
The following tables summarize the change of all assets and (liabilities) measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3): |
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| | Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | | | | |
| | Fixed Maturity Securities | | | | |
| | U.S. | | Foreign | | RMBS | | State and Political Subdivision | | ABS | | CMBS | | Foreign | | | | |
Corporate | Corporate | Government | | | | |
| | (In millions) | | | | |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 1,248 | | | $ | 734 | | | $ | 422 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 419 | | | $ | 72 | | | $ | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
included in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss): (1), (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Net investment gains (losses) | | (1 | ) | | — | | | 2 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Net derivative gains (losses) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
OCI | | 28 | | | 16 | | | 2 | | | — | | | 4 | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Purchases (3) | | 23 | | | 3 | | | 146 | | | — | | | 58 | | | 34 | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Sales (3) | | (34 | ) | | — | | | (35 | ) | | — | | | (6 | ) | | (10 | ) | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Issuances (3) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Settlements (3) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Transfers into Level 3 (4) | | 186 | | | — | | | 15 | | | — | | | — | | | 6 | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Transfers out of Level 3 (4) | | (51 | ) | | (30 | ) | | (18 | ) | | — | | | (290 | ) | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 1,400 | | | $ | 723 | | | $ | 535 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 185 | | | $ | 102 | | | $ | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
included in net income (loss): (5) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | $ | 1 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Net investment gains (losses) | | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Net derivative gains (losses) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | |
| | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| | Equity Securities | | | | Net Derivatives (6) | | | | |
| | Non - | | Common | | Short-term | | Interest | | Credit | | Equity | | Net | | Separate |
redeemable | Stock | Investments | Rate | Market | Embedded | Account |
Preferred | | | | | Derivatives (7) | Assets (8) |
Stock | | | | | | |
| | (In millions) |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 81 | | | $ | 31 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 11 | | | $ | 6 | | | $ | (88 | ) | | $ | 2,123 | | | $ | 153 | |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
included in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss): (1), (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | | — | | | 4 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5 | |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 7 | | | (2 | ) | | (7 | ) | | 119 | | | — | |
|
OCI | | — | | | (1 | ) | | — | | | 21 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Purchases (3) | | — | | | — | | | 91 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4 | |
|
Sales (3) | | — | | | (6 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2 | ) |
|
Issuances (3) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Settlements (3) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (5 | ) | | — | |
|
Transfers into Level 3 (4) | | 8 | | | 5 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 (4) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Balance, end of period | | $ | 89 | | | $ | 33 | | | $ | 91 | | | $ | 38 | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | (95 | ) | | $ | 2,237 | | | $ | 160 | |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
included in net income (loss): (5) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6 | | | $ | (2 | ) | | $ | (7 | ) | | $ | 126 | | | $ | — | |
|
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | | | | |
| | Fixed Maturity Securities | | | | |
| | U.S. | | Foreign | | RMBS | | State and Political Subdivision | | ABS | | CMBS | | Foreign | | | | |
Corporate | Corporate | Government | | | | |
| | (In millions) | | | | |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 1,434 | | | $ | 868 | | | $ | 278 | | | $ | 25 | | | $ | 343 | | | $ | 125 | | | $ | 3 | | | | | |
| | | |
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
included in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss): (1), (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | 3 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Net investment gains (losses) | | — | | | (3 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Net derivative gains (losses) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
OCI | | 28 | | | 6 | | | 8 | | | — | | | — | | | 2 | | | (1 | ) | | | | |
| | | |
Purchases (3) | | 47 | | | 40 | | | 35 | | | — | | | 116 | | | 14 | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Sales (3) | | (45 | ) | | (42 | ) | | (10 | ) | | — | | | (11 | ) | | (30 | ) | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Issuances (3) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Settlements (3) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Transfers into Level 3 (4) | | 95 | | | 9 | | | 8 | | | — | | | — | | | 14 | | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Transfers out of Level 3 (4) | | (295 | ) | | (92 | ) | | (5 | ) | | — | | | (28 | ) | | (19 | ) | | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 1,267 | | | $ | 786 | | | $ | 314 | | | $ | 25 | | | $ | 420 | | | $ | 106 | | | $ | 2 | | | | | |
| | | |
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
included in net income (loss): (5) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | $ | 3 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Net investment gains (losses) | | $ | — | | | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | |
| | | |
Net derivative gains (losses) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | |
| | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| | Equity Securities | | | | Net Derivatives (6) | | | | |
| | Non- | | Common | | Short-term | | Interest | | Credit | | Equity | | Net | | Separate |
redeemable | Stock | Investments | Rate | Market | Embedded | Account |
Preferred | | | | | Derivatives (7) | Assets (8) |
Stock | | | | | | |
| | (In millions) |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 93 | | | $ | 26 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 119 | | | $ | 10 | | | $ | (51 | ) | | $ | 2,290 | | | $ | 141 | |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
included in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss): (1), (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2 | ) |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5 | | | (2 | ) | | (28 | ) | | 254 | | | — | |
|
OCI | | 4 | | | — | | | — | | | (15 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Purchases (3) | | — | | | — | | | 393 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Sales (3) | | (18 | ) | | — | | | (10 | ) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Issuances (3) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Settlements (3) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (3 | ) | | — | | | (7 | ) | | 6 | | | — | |
|
Transfers into Level 3 (4) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 (4) | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
|
Balance, end of period | | $ | 79 | | | $ | 26 | | | $ | 396 | | | $ | 106 | | | $ | 8 | | | $ | (86 | ) | | $ | 2,550 | | | $ | 139 | |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
included in net income (loss): (5) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | | $ | (2 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 5 | | | $ | (2 | ) | | $ | (27 | ) | | $ | 260 | | | $ | — | |
|
____________ |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-1 | Amortization of premium/accretion of discount is included within net investment income. Impairments charged to net income (loss) on securities are included in net investment gains (losses). Lapses associated with net embedded derivatives are included in net derivative gains (losses). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-2 | Interest and dividend accruals, as well as cash interest coupons and dividends received, are excluded from the rollforward. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-3 | Items purchased/issued and then sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. Fees attributed to embedded derivatives are included in settlements. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-4 | Gains and losses, in net income (loss) and OCI, are calculated assuming transfers into and/or out of Level 3 occurred at the beginning of the period. Items transferred into and then out of Level 3 in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-5 | Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) relate to assets and liabilities still held at the end of the respective periods. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-6 | Freestanding derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-7 | Embedded derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-8 | Investment performance related to separate account assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders within separate account liabilities. Therefore, such changes in estimated fair value are not recorded in net income. For the purpose of this disclosure, these changes are presented within net investment gains (losses). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair Value Option |
The following table presents information for certain assets and liabilities of CSEs, which are accounted for under the FVO. These assets and liabilities were initially measured at fair value. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 31-Mar-14 | | 31-Dec-13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unpaid principal balance | $ | 1,068 | | | $ | 1,528 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Difference between estimated fair value and unpaid principal balance | 72 | | | 70 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Carrying value at estimated fair value | $ | 1,140 | | | $ | 1,598 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contractual principal balance | $ | 977 | | | $ | 1,436 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Difference between estimated fair value and contractual principal balance | 23 | | | 25 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Carrying value at estimated fair value | $ | 1,000 | | | $ | 1,461 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
____________ |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-1 | These assets and liabilities are comprised of commercial mortgage loans and long-term debt. Changes in estimated fair value on these assets and liabilities and gains or losses on sales of these assets are recognized in net investment gains (losses). Interest income on commercial mortgage loans held by CSEs — FVO is recognized in net investment income. Interest expense from long-term debt of CSEs — FVO is recognized in other expenses. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements |
The following table presents information for assets measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the periods and still held at the reporting dates; that is, they are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). The estimated fair values for these assets were determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| At March 31, | | Three Months | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ended | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
March 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2014 | | 2013 | | 2014 | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Carrying Value After | | Gains (Losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Measurement | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage loans, net (1) | $ | 17 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other limited partnership interests (2) | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | (2 | ) | | $ | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate joint ventures (3) | $ | — | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (1 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
____________ |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-1 | Estimated fair values for impaired mortgage loans are based on independent broker quotations or valuation models using unobservable inputs or, if the loans are in foreclosure or are otherwise determined to be collateral dependent, are based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of the expected future cash flows. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-2 | For these cost method investments, estimated fair value is determined from information provided in the financial statements of the underlying entities including NAV data. These investments include private equity and debt funds that typically invest primarily in various strategies including domestic and international leveraged buyout funds; power, energy, timber and infrastructure development funds; venture capital funds; and below investment grade debt and mezzanine debt funds. Distributions will be generated from investment gains, from operating income from the underlying investments of the funds and from liquidation of the underlying assets of the funds. It is estimated that the underlying assets of the funds will be liquidated over the next two to 10 years. Unfunded commitments for these investments at both March 31, 2014 and 2013 were not significant. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-3 | For these cost method investments, estimated fair value is determined from information provided in the financial statements of the underlying entities including NAV data. These investments include several real estate funds that typically invest primarily in commercial real estate. Distributions will be generated from investment gains, from operating income from the underlying investments of the funds and from liquidation of the underlying assets of the funds. It is estimated that the underlying assets of the funds will be liquidated over the next one to 10 years. Unfunded commitments for these investments at both March 31, 2014 and 2013 were not significant. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Value |
The following tables provide fair value information for financial instruments that are carried on the balance sheet at amounts other than fair value. These tables exclude the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, accrued investment income, payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions and those short-term investments that are not securities, such as time deposits, and therefore are not included in the three level hierarchy table disclosed in the “— Recurring Fair Value Measurements” section. The estimated fair value of the excluded financial instruments, which are primarily classified in Level 2 and, to a lesser extent, in Level 1, approximates carrying value as they are short-term in nature such that the Company believes there is minimal risk of material changes in interest rates or credit quality. All remaining balance sheet amounts excluded from the table below are not considered financial instruments subject to this disclosure. |
The carrying values and estimated fair values for such financial instruments, and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows at: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 31-Mar-14 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Fair Value Hierarchy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Carrying | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total Estimated | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Value | Fair Value | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage loans | $ | 5,842 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6,195 | | | $ | 6,195 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Policy loans | $ | 1,214 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 869 | | | $ | 411 | | | $ | 1,280 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate joint ventures | $ | 54 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 107 | | | $ | 107 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other limited partnership interests | $ | 75 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 99 | | | $ | 99 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other invested assets | $ | 931 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,007 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables | $ | 6,478 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 37 | | | $ | 7,034 | | | $ | 7,071 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
PABs | $ | 20,301 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 21,472 | | | $ | 21,472 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term debt | $ | 790 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,031 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,031 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | $ | 334 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 170 | | | $ | 164 | | | $ | 334 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Separate account liabilities | $ | 1,452 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,452 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,452 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 31-Dec-13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Fair Value Hierarchy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Carrying | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | Total Estimated | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Value | Fair Value | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage loans | $ | 6,120 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6,427 | | | $ | 6,427 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Policy loans | $ | 1,219 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 872 | | | $ | 407 | | | $ | 1,279 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate joint ventures | $ | 55 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 98 | | | $ | 98 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other limited partnership interests | $ | 78 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 89 | | | $ | 89 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other invested assets | $ | 931 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 995 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 995 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables | $ | 5,928 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 24 | | | $ | 6,282 | | | $ | 6,306 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
PABs | $ | 20,875 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 21,987 | | | $ | 21,987 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term debt | $ | 790 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,009 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | $ | 258 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 96 | | | $ | 162 | | | $ | 258 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Separate account liabilities | $ | 1,448 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,448 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,448 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The methods, assumptions and significant valuation techniques and inputs used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments are summarized as follows: |
Mortgage Loans |
The estimated fair value of mortgage loans is primarily determined by estimating expected future cash flows and discounting them using current interest rates for similar mortgage loans with similar credit risk, or is determined from pricing for similar loans. |
Policy Loans |
Policy loans with fixed interest rates are classified within Level 3. The estimated fair values for these loans are determined using a discounted cash flow model applied to groups of similar policy loans determined by the nature of the underlying insurance liabilities. Cash flow estimates are developed by applying a weighted-average interest rate to the outstanding principal balance of the respective group of policy loans and an estimated average maturity determined through experience studies of the past performance of policyholder repayment behavior for similar loans. These cash flows are discounted using current risk-free interest rates with no adjustment for borrower credit risk as these loans are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the underlying insurance policy. Policy loans with variable interest rates are classified within Level 2 and the estimated fair value approximates carrying value due to the absence of borrower credit risk and the short time period between interest rate resets, which presents minimal risk of a material change in estimated fair value due to changes in market interest rates. |
Real Estate Joint Ventures and Other Limited Partnership Interests |
The estimated fair values of these cost method investments are generally based on the Company’s share of the NAV as provided in the financial statements of the investees. In certain circumstances, management may adjust the NAV by a premium or discount when it has sufficient evidence to support applying such adjustments. |
Other Invested Assets |
These other invested assets are principally comprised of loans to affiliates. The estimated fair value of loans to affiliates is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows using market interest rates currently available for instruments with similar terms and remaining maturities. |
Premiums, Reinsurance and Other Receivables |
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables are principally comprised of certain amounts recoverable under reinsurance agreements, amounts on deposit with financial institutions to facilitate daily settlements related to certain derivatives and amounts receivable for securities sold but not yet settled. |
Amounts recoverable under ceded reinsurance agreements, which the Company has determined do not transfer significant risk such that they are accounted for using the deposit method of accounting, have been classified as Level 3. The valuation is based on discounted cash flow methodologies using significant unobservable inputs. The estimated fair value is determined using interest rates determined to reflect the appropriate credit standing of the assuming counterparty. |
The amounts on deposit for derivative settlements, classified within Level 2, essentially represent the equivalent of demand deposit balances and amounts due for securities sold are generally received over short periods such that the estimated fair value approximates carrying value. |
PABs |
These PABs include investment contracts. Embedded derivatives on investment contracts and certain variable annuity guarantees accounted for as embedded derivatives are excluded from this caption in the preceding tables as they are separately presented in “— Recurring Fair Value Measurements.” |
The investment contracts primarily include certain funding agreements, fixed deferred annuities, modified guaranteed annuities, fixed term payout annuities and total control accounts. The valuation of these investment contracts is based on discounted cash flow methodologies using significant unobservable inputs. The estimated fair value is determined using current market risk-free interest rates adding a spread to reflect the nonperformance risk in the liability. |
Long-term Debt |
The estimated fair value of long-term debt is principally determined using market standard valuation methodologies. Valuations are based primarily on quoted prices in markets that are not active or using matrix pricing that use standard market observable inputs such as quoted prices in markets that are not active and observable yields and spreads in the market. Instruments valued using discounted cash flow methodologies use standard market observable inputs including market yield curve, duration, observable prices and spreads for similar publicly traded or privately traded issues. |
Other Liabilities |
Other liabilities consist primarily of interest payable, amounts due for securities purchased but not yet settled and funds withheld amounts payable, which are contractually withheld by the Company in accordance with the terms of the reinsurance agreements. The Company evaluates the specific terms, facts and circumstances of each instrument to determine the appropriate estimated fair values, which are not materially different from the carrying values. |
Separate Account Liabilities |
Separate account liabilities represent those balances due to policyholders under contracts that are classified as investment contracts. |
Separate account liabilities classified as investment contracts primarily represent variable annuities with no significant mortality risk to the Company such that the death benefit is equal to the account balance and certain contracts that provide for benefit funding. |
Since separate account liabilities are fully funded by cash flows from the separate account assets which are recognized at estimated fair value as described in the section “— Recurring Fair Value Measurements,” the value of those assets approximates the estimated fair value of the related separate account liabilities. The valuation techniques and inputs for separate account liabilities are similar to those described for separate account assets. |