Part II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes and Schedules
|
| |
| Page |
| |
Financial Statements at December 31, 2013 and 2012 and for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011: | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Financial Statement Schedules at December 31, 2013 and 2012 and for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011: | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes and Schedules. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
New York, New York
March 28, 2014
(October 27, 2014 as to Note 17)
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2013 and 2012
(In millions, except share and per share data)
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 |
Assets | | | | |
Investments: | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (amortized cost: $43,477 and $46,005, respectively) | | $ | 45,252 |
| | $ | 50,968 |
|
Equity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (cost: $397 and $311, respectively) | | 418 |
| | 317 |
|
Mortgage loans (net of valuation allowances of $34 and $35, respectively; includes $1,598 and $2,666, respectively, at estimated fair value, relating to variable interest entities) | | 7,718 |
| | 9,157 |
|
Policy loans | | 1,219 |
| | 1,216 |
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures | | 754 |
| | 708 |
|
Other limited partnership interests | | 2,130 |
| | 1,848 |
|
Short-term investments, principally at estimated fair value | | 2,107 |
| | 2,576 |
|
Other invested assets, principally at estimated fair value | | 2,555 |
| | 2,970 |
|
Total investments | | 62,153 |
| | 69,760 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents, principally at estimated fair value | | 746 |
| | 895 |
|
Accrued investment income (includes $9 and $13, respectively, relating to variable interest entities) | | 542 |
| | 575 |
|
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables | | 20,609 |
| | 21,927 |
|
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired | | 4,730 |
| | 3,746 |
|
Current income tax recoverable | | 192 |
| | 135 |
|
Goodwill | | 493 |
| | 559 |
|
Other assets | | 794 |
| | 826 |
|
Separate account assets | | 97,780 |
| | 86,114 |
|
Total assets | | $ | 188,039 |
| | $ | 184,537 |
|
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | |
Future policy benefits | | $ | 27,991 |
| | $ | 27,583 |
|
Policyholder account balances | | 33,453 |
| | 36,976 |
|
Other policy-related balances | | 3,164 |
| | 3,138 |
|
Payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions | | 6,451 |
| | 8,399 |
|
Long-term debt (includes $1,461 and $2,559, respectively, at estimated fair value, relating to variable interest entities) | | 2,251 |
| | 3,350 |
|
Deferred income tax liability | | 1,385 |
| | 1,870 |
|
Other liabilities (includes $7 and $13, respectively, relating to variable interest entities) | | 6,776 |
| | 6,547 |
|
Separate account liabilities | | 97,780 |
| | 86,114 |
|
Total liabilities | | 179,251 |
| | 173,977 |
|
Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (Note 15) | |
| |
|
Stockholders’ Equity | | | | |
Common stock, par value $2.50 per share; 40,000,000 shares authorized; 34,595,317 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012 | | 86 |
| | 86 |
|
Additional paid-in capital | | 6,737 |
| | 6,718 |
|
Retained earnings | | 1,076 |
| | 1,356 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | | 889 |
| | 2,400 |
|
Total stockholders’ equity | | 8,788 |
| | 10,560 |
|
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 188,039 |
| | $ | 184,537 |
|
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Revenues | | | | | | |
Premiums | | $ | 606 |
| | $ | 1,261 |
| | $ | 1,828 |
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees | | 2,336 |
| | 2,261 |
| | 1,956 |
|
Net investment income | | 2,852 |
| | 2,952 |
| | 3,074 |
|
Other revenues | | 592 |
| | 511 |
| | 508 |
|
Net investment gains (losses): | | | | | | |
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities | | (9 | ) | | (52 | ) | | (42 | ) |
Other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities transferred to other comprehensive income (loss) | | (11 | ) | | 3 |
| | (5 | ) |
Other net investment gains (losses) | | 102 |
| | 201 |
| | 82 |
|
Total net investment gains (losses) | | 82 |
| | 152 |
| | 35 |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | | (1,052 | ) | | 1,003 |
| | 1,096 |
|
Total revenues | | 5,416 |
| | 8,140 |
| | 8,497 |
|
Expenses | | | | | | |
Policyholder benefits and claims | | 1,707 |
| | 2,389 |
| | 2,660 |
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances | | 1,037 |
| | 1,147 |
| | 1,189 |
|
Goodwill impairment | | 66 |
| | 394 |
| | — |
|
Other expenses | | 1,659 |
| | 2,720 |
| | 2,981 |
|
Total expenses | | 4,469 |
| | 6,650 |
| | 6,830 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income tax | | 947 |
| | 1,490 |
| | 1,667 |
|
Provision for income tax expense (benefit) | | 227 |
| | 372 |
| | 493 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income tax | | 720 |
| | 1,118 |
| | 1,174 |
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax | | — |
| | 8 |
| | — |
|
Net income (loss) | | $ | 720 |
| | $ | 1,126 |
| | $ | 1,174 |
|
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 720 |
| | $ | 1,126 |
| | $ | 1,174 |
|
Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | |
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of related offsets | | (2,094 | ) | | 850 |
| | 2,074 |
|
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives | | (204 | ) | | 4 |
| | 347 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | 28 |
| | 88 |
| | (16 | ) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), before income tax | | (2,270 | ) | | 942 |
| | 2,405 |
|
Income tax (expense) benefit related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) | | 759 |
| | (313 | ) | | (851 | ) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax | | (1,511 | ) | | 629 |
| | 1,554 |
|
Comprehensive income (loss) | | $ | (791 | ) | | $ | 1,755 |
| | $ | 2,728 |
|
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
For the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
|
|
|
| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | |
|
| | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in Capital |
| Retained Earnings |
| Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) |
| Other-Than- Temporary Impairments |
| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |
| Total Stockholders’ Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2010 (1) | | $ | 86 |
| | $ | 6,719 |
| | $ | 424 |
| | $ | 393 |
| | $ | (51 | ) | | $ | (125 | ) | | $ | 7,446 |
|
Dividend paid to MetLife | |
|
| |
|
| | (517 | ) | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| | (517 | ) |
Capital contribution | |
|
| | 1 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| | 1 |
|
Return of capital (Note 12) | |
|
| | (47 | ) | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| | (47 | ) |
Net income (loss) | |
|
| |
|
| | 1,174 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| | 1,174 |
|
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| | 1,591 |
| | (23 | ) | | (14 | ) | | 1,554 |
|
Balance at December 31, 2011 | | 86 |
| | 6,673 |
| | 1,081 |
| | 1,984 |
| | (74 | ) | | (139 | ) | | 9,611 |
|
Dividend of subsidiary (Note 3) | |
|
| |
|
| | (347 | ) | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| | (347 | ) |
Dividend paid to MetLife | |
|
| |
|
| | (504 | ) | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| | (504 | ) |
Capital contribution | |
|
| | 45 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| | 45 |
|
Net income (loss) | |
|
| |
|
| | 1,126 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| | 1,126 |
|
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax (2) | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| | 503 |
| | 36 |
| | 90 |
| | 629 |
|
Balance at December 31, 2012 | | 86 |
| | 6,718 |
| | 1,356 |
| | 2,487 |
| | (38 | ) | | (49 | ) | | 10,560 |
|
Dividend paid to MetLife | |
| |
| | (1,000 | ) | |
| |
| |
| | (1,000 | ) |
Capital contribution | |
| | 19 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 19 |
|
Net income (loss) | |
| |
| | 720 |
| |
| |
| |
| | 720 |
|
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax | |
| |
| |
| | (1,549 | ) | | 12 |
| | 26 |
| | (1,511 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2013 | | $ | 86 |
| | $ | 6,737 |
| | $ | 1,076 |
| | $ | 938 |
| | $ | (26 | ) | | $ | (23 | ) | | $ | 8,788 |
|
_____________ | |
(1) | Includes amounts related to prior period adjustments to Retained Earnings of ($33) million. See Note 1. |
| |
(2) | Includes amounts related to dividend of subsidiary. See Notes 3 and 12. |
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| 2013 |
| 2012 |
| 2011 |
Cash flows from operating activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) |
| $ | 720 |
|
| $ | 1,126 |
|
| $ | 1,174 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization expenses |
| 33 |
|
| 31 |
|
| 37 |
|
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts associated with investments, net |
| (167 | ) |
| (168 | ) |
| (152 | ) |
(Gains) losses on investments and derivatives and from sales of businesses, net |
| 1,108 |
|
| (1,043 | ) |
| (1,160 | ) |
(Income) loss from equity method investments, net of dividends or distributions |
| (78 | ) |
| (42 | ) |
| (23 | ) |
Interest credited to policyholder account balances |
| 1,037 |
|
| 1,147 |
|
| 1,189 |
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees |
| (2,336 | ) |
| (2,261 | ) |
| (1,956 | ) |
Goodwill impairment |
| 66 |
|
| 394 |
|
| — |
|
Change in fair value option securities |
| — |
|
| (602 | ) |
| (1,483 | ) |
Change in accrued investment income |
| 77 |
|
| 66 |
|
| 51 |
|
Change in premiums, reinsurance and other receivables |
| (1,355 | ) |
| (1,197 | ) |
| (1,202 | ) |
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired, net |
| (553 | ) |
| 182 |
|
| (207 | ) |
Change in income tax |
| 213 |
|
| 630 |
|
| 537 |
|
Change in other assets |
| 1,836 |
|
| 1,499 |
|
| 1,386 |
|
Change in insurance-related liabilities and policy-related balances |
| 1,144 |
|
| 1,863 |
|
| 1,958 |
|
Change in other liabilities |
| 847 |
|
| 804 |
|
| 406 |
|
Other, net |
| 141 |
|
| 53 |
|
| 67 |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
| 2,733 |
|
| 2,482 |
|
| 622 |
|
Cash flows from investing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales, maturities and repayments of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities |
| 18,718 |
|
| 14,394 |
|
| 17,348 |
|
Equity securities |
| 67 |
|
| 50 |
|
| 168 |
|
Mortgage loans |
| 2,292 |
|
| 1,447 |
|
| 993 |
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures |
| 104 |
|
| 72 |
|
| 26 |
|
Other limited partnership interests |
| 153 |
|
| 223 |
|
| 256 |
|
Purchases of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities |
| (15,841 | ) |
| (15,706 | ) |
| (17,127 | ) |
Equity securities |
| (133 | ) |
| (58 | ) |
| (27 | ) |
Mortgage loans |
| (882 | ) |
| (807 | ) |
| (1,357 | ) |
Real estate and real estate joint ventures |
| (201 | ) |
| (225 | ) |
| (72 | ) |
Other limited partnership interests |
| (363 | ) |
| (341 | ) |
| (378 | ) |
Cash received in connection with freestanding derivatives |
| 111 |
|
| 414 |
|
| 397 |
|
Cash paid in connection with freestanding derivatives |
| (720 | ) |
| (335 | ) |
| (478 | ) |
Dividend of subsidiary |
| — |
|
| (53 | ) |
| — |
|
Issuances of loans to affiliates |
| (500 | ) |
| — |
|
| (430 | ) |
Net change in policy loans |
| (3 | ) |
| (13 | ) |
| (13 | ) |
Net change in short-term investments |
| 471 |
|
| (155 | ) |
| (1,347 | ) |
Net change in other invested assets |
| (47 | ) |
| (54 | ) |
| (12 | ) |
Other, net |
| 3 |
|
| — |
|
| 1 |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
| 3,229 |
|
| (1,147 | ) |
| (2,052 | ) |
Cash flows from financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder account balances: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits |
| 13,770 |
|
| 14,785 |
|
| 20,496 |
|
Withdrawals |
| (15,899 | ) |
| (15,493 | ) |
| (19,404 | ) |
Net change in payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions |
| (1,948 | ) |
| 320 |
|
| (24 | ) |
Long-term debt repaid |
| (1,009 | ) |
| (482 | ) |
| (385 | ) |
Financing element on certain derivative instruments |
| (29 | ) |
| 180 |
|
| 129 |
|
Return of capital |
| — |
|
| — |
|
| (47 | ) |
Dividends on common stock |
| (1,000 | ) |
| (504 | ) |
| (517 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
| (6,115 | ) |
| (1,194 | ) |
| 248 |
|
Effect of change in foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents balances |
| 4 |
|
| 9 |
|
| (1 | ) |
Change in cash and cash equivalents |
| (149 | ) |
| 150 |
|
| (1,183 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year |
| 895 |
|
| 745 |
|
| 1,928 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year |
| $ | 746 |
|
| $ | 895 |
|
| $ | 745 |
|
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — (Continued)
For the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| 2013 |
| 2012 |
| 2011 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash paid (received) for: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest |
| $ | 194 |
|
| $ | 232 |
|
| $ | 406 |
|
Income tax |
| $ | (1 | ) |
| $ | (226 | ) |
| $ | (47 | ) |
Non-cash transactions: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disposal of subsidiary: (1) |
| | | | | |
Assets disposed |
| $ | — |
|
| $ | 4,857 |
|
| $ | — |
|
Liabilities disposed |
| — |
|
| (4,567 | ) |
| — |
|
Net assets disposed |
| — |
|
| 290 |
|
| — |
|
Cash disposed |
| — |
|
| (53 | ) |
| — |
|
Dividend of interests in subsidiary |
| — |
|
| (237 | ) |
| — |
|
(Gain) loss on dividend of interests in subsidiary |
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
Capital contribution from MetLife, Inc. |
| $ | 19 |
|
| $ | 45 |
|
| $ | — |
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures acquired in satisfaction of debt |
| $ | — |
|
| $ | 50 |
|
| $ | 5 |
|
_____________
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Business
“MICC” or the “Company” refers to MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut, a Connecticut corporation incorporated in 1863, and its subsidiaries, including MetLife Investors USA Insurance Company (“MLI-USA”). MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc. (“MetLife”). The Company offers individual annuities, individual life insurance, and institutional protection and asset accumulation products.
The Company is organized into two segments: Retail and Corporate Benefit Funding.
In the second quarter of 2013, MetLife announced its plans to merge three U.S.-based life insurance companies and an offshore reinsurance subsidiary to create one larger U.S.-based and U.S.-regulated life insurance company (the “Mergers”). The companies to be merged are MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut, MLI-USA and MetLife Investors Insurance Company (“MLIIC”), each a U.S. insurance company that issues variable annuity products in addition to other products, and Exeter Reassurance Company, Ltd. (“Exeter”), a reinsurance company that mainly reinsures guarantees associated with variable annuity products. MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut, which is expected to be renamed and domiciled in Delaware, will be the surviving entity. Exeter, formerly a Cayman Islands company, was re-domesticated to Delaware in October 2013. Effective January 1, 2014, following receipt of New York State Department of Financial Services (“Department of Financial Services”) approval, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut withdrew its license to issue insurance policies and annuity contracts in New York. Also effective January 1, 2014, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut reinsured with Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (“MLIC”), an affiliate, all existing New York insurance policies and annuity contracts that include a separate account feature. As a result of the reinsurance agreements, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut recorded a reinsurance recoverable, included in premiums, reinsurance and other receivables, of $545 million and a funds withheld liability, included in other liabilities, of $97 million, and transferred cash and investments of $448 million to MLIC. On December 31, 2013, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut deposited investments with an estimated fair market value of $6.3 billion into a custodial account, which became restricted to secure MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut’s remaining New York policyholder liabilities not covered by such reinsurance on January 1, 2014. In anticipation of establishing the custodial account with qualifying investments, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut transferred investments with an estimated fair value of $739 million and cash of $12 million to MLIC and received from MLIC qualifying investments with an estimated fair value of $751 million in the fourth quarter of 2013. See Note 7. The Mergers are expected to occur in the fourth quarter of 2014, subject to regulatory approvals.
Basis of Presentation
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements. In applying these policies and estimates, management makes subjective and complex judgments that frequently require assumptions about matters that are inherently uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance and financial services industries; others are specific to the Company’s business and operations. Actual results could differ from estimates.
Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and its subsidiaries, as well as partnerships and joint ventures in which the Company has control, and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Since the Company is a member of a controlled group of affiliated companies, its results may not be indicative of those of a stand-alone entity.
Discontinued Operations
The results of operations of a component of the Company that has either been disposed of or is classified as held-for-sale are reported in discontinued operations if certain criteria are met. In order to qualify for a discontinued operation, the operations and cash flows of the component have been or will be eliminated from the ongoing operations of the Company, and the Company will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Separate Accounts
Separate accounts are established in conformity with insurance laws and are generally not chargeable with liabilities that arise from any other business of the Company. Separate account assets are subject to general account claims only to the extent the value of such assets exceeds the separate account liabilities. The Company reports separately, as assets and liabilities, investments held in separate accounts and liabilities of the separate accounts if:
| |
• | such separate accounts are legally recognized; |
| |
• | assets supporting the contract liabilities are legally insulated from the Company’s general account liabilities; |
| |
• | investments are directed by the contractholder; and |
| |
• | all investment performance, net of contract fees and assessments, is passed through to the contractholder. |
The Company reports separate account assets at their fair value, which is based on the estimated fair values of the underlying assets comprising the individual separate account portfolios. Investment performance (including investment income, net investment gains (losses) and changes in unrealized gains (losses)) and the corresponding amounts credited to contractholders of such separate accounts are offset within the same line in the statements of operations. Separate accounts credited with a contractual investment return are combined on a line-by-line basis with the Company’s general account assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the accounting for these investments is consistent with the methodologies described herein for similar financial instruments held within the general account. Unit-linked separate account investments that are directed by contractholders but do not meet one or more of the other above criteria are included in fair value option (“FVO”) securities. See Note 3.
The Company’s revenues reflect fees charged to the separate accounts, including mortality charges, risk charges, policy administration fees, investment management fees and surrender charges. Such fees are included in universal life and investment-type product policy fees in the statements of operations.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the prior years’ consolidated financial statements and related footnotes thereto have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation as discussed throughout the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Adjustments to Prior Periods
During the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company determined to adjust certain prior period results to correct the following:
| |
• | Certain prior years’ acquisition costs related to variable annuity sales were incorrectly allocated to an affiliate. Such costs, net of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”), were $57 million, $66 million, and $52 million for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. |
| |
• | A DAC recoverability write-off of $111 million associated with term life and universal life secondary guarantees business sold in 2012 was not recorded as of December 31, 2012. |
| |
• | The fair value of a bifurcated embedded derivative associated with a reinsurance agreement was overstated by $23 million for 2011. |
| |
• | Policyholder benefits and claims and other expenses were overstated in 2012 by $6 million and $23 million, respectively, due to an adjustment in the modeling of dynamic lapses in certain variable annuity products. |
| |
• | Tax valuation allowances were understated by $22 million for 2012. |
| |
• | A non-cash transaction relating to a pension closeout sale was incorrectly recorded as an increase of $312 million in net cash provided by operating activities with an offsetting impact on net cash used in investing activities for 2011. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Management evaluated the materiality of these adjustments quantitatively and qualitatively and concluded that they were not material to any prior periods’ annual or quarterly financial statements; however, unadjusted amounts as of December 31, 2012 would have had a significant effect on the results of operations for 2013 if they were recorded in 2013. Accordingly, the Company has revised its previously reported financial statements for prior annual periods for the items listed above, including the related tax impacts, as detailed below. The effects of the adjustments were immaterial to quarterly financial information reported in each of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements in 2012 and 2013, since the most significant adjustments occurred in the fourth quarter of 2012. As a result, such previously reported quarterly financial information has not been adjusted, and we do not plan to amend prior quarterly filings.
The impact of the adjustments is shown in the tables below:
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2012 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets | | As Previously Reported | | As Adjusted |
| | (In millions) |
Assets | | | | |
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables | | $ | 22,143 |
| | $ | 21,927 |
|
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired | | $ | 3,793 |
| | $ | 3,746 |
|
Other assets | | $ | 822 |
| | $ | 826 |
|
Total assets | | $ | 184,796 |
| | $ | 184,537 |
|
Liabilities | | | | |
Future policy benefits | | $ | 27,585 |
| | $ | 27,583 |
|
Deferred income tax liability | | $ | 1,938 |
| | $ | 1,870 |
|
Total liabilities | | $ | 174,047 |
| | $ | 173,977 |
|
Stockholders’ Equity | | | | |
Retained earnings | | $ | 1,545 |
| | $ | 1,356 |
|
Total stockholders’ equity | | $ | 10,749 |
| | $ | 10,560 |
|
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 184,796 |
| | $ | 184,537 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| December 31, |
|
| 2012 |
| 2011 |
Consolidated Statements of Operations |
| As Previously Reported |
| As Adjusted |
| As Previously Reported |
| As Adjusted |
|
| (In millions) |
Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net derivative gains (losses) |
| $ | 980 |
|
| $ | 1,003 |
|
| $ | 1,119 |
|
| $ | 1,096 |
|
Total revenues |
| $ | 8,117 |
|
| $ | 8,140 |
|
| $ | 8,520 |
|
| $ | 8,497 |
|
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims |
| $ | 2,395 |
|
| $ | 2,389 |
|
| $ | 2,660 |
|
| N/A |
|
Other expenses |
| $ | 2,575 |
|
| $ | 2,720 |
|
| $ | 2,915 |
|
| $ | 2,981 |
|
Total expenses |
| $ | 6,511 |
|
| $ | 6,650 |
|
| $ | 6,764 |
|
| $ | 6,830 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income tax |
| $ | 1,606 |
|
| $ | 1,490 |
|
| $ | 1,756 |
|
| $ | 1,667 |
|
Provision for income tax expense (benefit) |
| $ | 391 |
|
| $ | 372 |
|
| $ | 523 |
|
| $ | 493 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income tax |
| $ | 1,215 |
|
| $ | 1,118 |
|
| $ | 1,233 |
|
| $ | 1,174 |
|
Net income (loss) |
| $ | 1,223 |
|
| $ | 1,126 |
|
| $ | 1,233 |
|
| $ | 1,174 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
|
| 2012 |
| 2011 |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | As Previously Reported | | As Adjusted | | As Previously Reported | | As Adjusted |
| | (In millions) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 1,223 |
| | $ | 1,126 |
| | $ | 1,233 |
| | $ | 1,174 |
|
Comprehensive income (loss) | | $ | 1,852 |
| | $ | 1,755 |
| | $ | 2,787 |
| | $ | 2,728 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | |
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | | As Previously Reported | | As Adjusted |
| | (In millions) |
Retained Earnings | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2010 | | $ | 457 |
| | $ | 424 |
|
Net income (loss) | | $ | 1,233 |
| | $ | 1,174 |
|
Balance at December 31, 2011 | | $ | 1,173 |
| | $ | 1,081 |
|
Net income (loss) | | $ | 1,223 |
| | $ | 1,126 |
|
Balance at December 31, 2012 | | $ | 1,545 |
| | $ | 1,356 |
|
Total Stockholders’ Equity | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2010 | | $ | 7,479 |
| | $ | 7,446 |
|
Balance at December 31, 2011 | | $ | 9,703 |
| | $ | 9,611 |
|
Balance at December 31, 2012 | | $ | 10,749 |
| | $ | 10,560 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2012 | | 2011 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | | As Previously Reported | | As Adjusted | | As Previously Reported | | As Adjusted |
| | (In millions) |
Cash flows from operating activities | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 1,223 |
| | $ | 1,126 |
| | $ | 1,233 |
| | $ | 1,174 |
|
(Gains) losses on investments and derivatives and from sales of businesses, net | | $ | (1,020 | ) | | $ | (1,043 | ) | | $ | (1,183 | ) | | $ | (1,160 | ) |
Change in premiums, reinsurance and other receivables | | $ | (1,229 | ) | | $ | (1,197 | ) | | $ | (1,288 | ) | | $ | (1,202 | ) |
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired, net | | $ | 69 |
| | $ | 182 |
| | $ | (187 | ) | | $ | (207 | ) |
Change in income tax | | $ | 649 |
| | $ | 630 |
| | $ | 567 |
| | $ | 537 |
|
Change in other assets | | $ | 1,503 |
| | $ | 1,499 |
| | N/A |
| | N/A |
|
Change in insurance-related liabilities and policy-related balances | | $ | 1,865 |
| | $ | 1,863 |
| | $ | 2,307 |
| | $ | 1,958 |
|
Other, net | | N/A |
| | N/A |
| | $ | 30 |
| | $ | 67 |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | N/A |
| | N/A |
| | $ | 934 |
| | $ | 622 |
|
Cash flows from investing activities | | | | | | | | |
Purchases of fixed maturity securities | | N/A |
| | N/A |
| | $ | (17,439 | ) | | $ | (17,127 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | N/A |
| | N/A |
| | $ | (2,364 | ) | | $ | (2,052 | ) |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The following are the Company’s significant accounting policies with references to notes providing additional information on such policies and critical accounting estimates relating to such policies.
|
| |
Accounting Policy | Note |
Insurance | 4 |
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Value of Business Acquired and Other Policy-Related Intangibles | 5 |
Reinsurance | 6 |
Investments | 7 |
Derivatives | 8 |
Fair Value | 9 |
Goodwill | 10 |
Income Tax | 14 |
Litigation Contingencies | 15 |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Insurance
Future Policy Benefit Liabilities and Policyholder Account Balances
The Company establishes liabilities for amounts payable under insurance policies. Generally, amounts are payable over an extended period of time and related liabilities are calculated as the present value of future expected benefits to be paid reduced by the present value of future expected premiums. Such liabilities are established based on methods and underlying assumptions in accordance with GAAP and applicable actuarial standards. Principal assumptions used in the establishment of liabilities for future policy benefits are mortality, morbidity, policy lapse, renewal, retirement, disability incidence, disability terminations, investment returns, inflation, expenses and other contingent events as appropriate to the respective product type. These assumptions are established at the time the policy is issued and are intended to estimate the experience for the period the policy benefits are payable. Utilizing these assumptions, liabilities are established on a block of business basis. For long duration insurance contracts, assumptions such as mortality, morbidity and interest rates are “locked in” upon the issuance of new business. However, significant adverse changes in experience on such contracts may require the establishment of premium deficiency reserves. Such reserves are determined based on the then current assumptions and do not include a provision for adverse deviation.
Liabilities for universal and variable life secondary guarantees are determined by estimating the expected value of death benefits payable when the account balance is projected to be zero and recognizing those benefits ratably over the accumulation period based on total expected assessments. The assumptions used in estimating the secondary guarantee liabilities are consistent with those used for amortizing DAC, and are thus subject to the same variability and risk as further discussed herein. The assumptions of investment performance and volatility for variable products are consistent with historical experience of appropriate underlying equity indices, such as the Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) 500 Index. The benefits used in calculating the liabilities are based on the average benefits payable over a range of scenarios.
The Company regularly reviews its estimates of liabilities for future policy benefits and compares them with its actual experience. Differences result in changes to the liability balances with related charges or credits to benefit expenses in the period in which the changes occur.
Policyholder account balances (“PABs”) relate to contract or contract features where the Company has no significant insurance risk.
The Company issues directly and assumes through reinsurance, certain variable annuity products with guaranteed minimum benefits that provide the policyholder a minimum return based on their initial deposit (i.e., the benefit base) less withdrawals. These guarantees are accounted for as insurance liabilities or as embedded derivatives depending on how and when the benefit is paid. Specifically, a guarantee is accounted for as an embedded derivative if a guarantee is paid without requiring (i) the occurrence of specific insurable event, or (ii) the policyholder to annuitize. Alternatively, a guarantee is accounted for as an insurance liability if the guarantee is paid only upon either (i) the occurrence of a specific insurable event, or (ii) annuitization. In certain cases, a guarantee may have elements of both an insurance liability and an embedded derivative and in such cases the guarantee is split and accounted for under both models.
Guarantees accounted for as insurance liabilities in future policy benefits include guaranteed minimum death benefits (“GMDBs”), the portion of guaranteed minimum income benefits (“GMIBs”) that require annuitization, and the life-contingent portion of guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWBs”).
Guarantees accounted for as embedded derivatives in PABs include the non life-contingent portion of GMWBs, guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMABs”) and the portion of GMIBs that do not require annuitization. At inception, the Company attributes to the embedded derivative a portion of the projected future guarantee fees to be collected from the policyholder equal to the present value of projected future guaranteed benefits. Any additional fees represent “excess” fees and are reported in universal life and investment-type product policy fees.
Other Policy-Related Balances
Other policy-related balances include policy and contract claims, unearned revenue liabilities, premiums received in advance and policyholder dividends due and unpaid.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
The liability for policy and contract claims generally relates to incurred but not reported death, disability, and long-term care (“LTC”) claims, as well as claims which have been reported but not yet settled. The liability for these claims is based on the Company’s estimated ultimate cost of settling all claims. The Company derives estimates for the development of incurred but not reported claims principally from analyses of historical patterns of claims by business line. The methods used to determine these estimates are continually reviewed. Adjustments resulting from this continuous review process and differences between estimates and payments for claims are recognized in policyholder benefits and claims expense in the period in which the estimates are changed or payments are made.
The unearned revenue liability relates to universal life-type and investment-type products and represents policy charges for services to be provided in future periods. The charges are deferred as unearned revenue and amortized using the product’s estimated gross profits, similar to DAC as discussed further herein. Such amortization is recorded in universal life and investment-type product policy fees.
The Company accounts for the prepayment of premiums on its individual life, group life and health contracts as premiums received in advance and applies the cash received to premiums when due.
Recognition of Insurance Revenues and Deposits
Premiums related to traditional life and annuity policies with life contingencies are recognized as revenues when due from policyholders. Policyholder benefits and expenses are provided to recognize profits over the estimated lives of the insurance policies. When premiums are due over a significantly shorter period than the period over which benefits are provided, any excess profit is deferred and recognized into earnings in a constant relationship to insurance in-force or, for annuities, the amount of expected future policy benefit payments.
Premiums related to non-medical health and disability contracts are recognized on a pro rata basis over the applicable contract term.
Deposits related to universal life-type and investment-type products are credited to PABs. Revenues from such contracts consist of fees for mortality, policy administration and surrender charges and are recorded in universal life and investment-type product policy fees in the period in which services are provided. Amounts that are charged to earnings include interest credited and benefit claims incurred in excess of related PABs.
Premiums, policy fees, policyholder benefits and expenses are presented net of reinsurance.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Value of Business Acquired and Other Policy-Related Intangibles
The Company incurs significant costs in connection with acquiring new and renewal insurance business. Costs that are related directly to the successful acquisition or renewal of insurance contracts are capitalized as DAC. Such costs include:
| |
• | incremental direct costs of contract acquisition, such as commissions; |
| |
• | the portion of an employee’s total compensation and benefits related to time spent selling, underwriting or processing the issuance of new and renewal insurance business only with respect to actual policies acquired or renewed; |
| |
• | other essential direct costs that would not have been incurred had a policy not been acquired or renewed; and |
| |
• | in limited circumstances, the costs of direct-response advertising, the primary purpose of which is to elicit sales to customers who could be shown to have responded specifically to the advertising and that results in probable future benefits. |
All other acquisition-related costs, including those related to general advertising and solicitation, market research, agent training, product development, unsuccessful sales and underwriting efforts, as well as all indirect costs, are expensed as incurred.
Value of business acquired (“VOBA”) is an intangible asset resulting from a business combination that represents the excess of book value over the estimated fair value of acquired insurance, annuity, and investment-type contracts in-force at the acquisition date. The estimated fair value of the acquired liabilities is based on projections, by each block of business, of future policy and contract charges, premiums, mortality and morbidity, separate account performance, surrenders, operating expenses, investment returns, nonperformance risk adjustment and other factors. Actual experience on the purchased business may vary from these projections.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
DAC and VOBA are amortized as follows:
|
| | | |
Products: | In proportion to the following over estimated lives of the contracts: |
• | Nonparticipating and non-dividend-paying traditional contracts (primarily term insurance) | | Historic actual and expected future gross premiums. |
• | Participating, dividend-paying traditional contracts | | Actual and expected future gross margins. |
• | Fixed and variable universal life contracts | | Actual and expected future gross profits. |
• | Fixed and variable deferred annuity contracts | | |
See Note 5 for additional information on DAC and VOBA amortization.
The recovery of DAC and VOBA is dependent upon the future profitability of the related business. DAC and VOBA are aggregated in the financial statements for reporting purposes.
The Company generally has two different types of sales inducements which are included in other assets: (i) the policyholder receives a bonus whereby the policyholder’s initial account balance is increased by an amount equal to a specified percentage of the customer’s deposit; and (ii) the policyholder receives a higher interest rate using a dollar cost averaging method than would have been received based on the normal general account interest rate credited. The Company defers sales inducements and amortizes them over the life of the policy using the same methodology and assumptions used to amortize DAC. The amortization of sales inducements is included in policyholder benefits and claims. Each year, or more frequently if circumstances indicate a potential recoverability issue exists, the Company reviews deferred sales inducements to determine the recoverability of the asset.
Value of distribution agreements acquired (“VODA”) is reported in other assets and represents the present value of expected future profits associated with the expected future business derived from the distribution agreements acquired as part of a business combination. Value of customer relationships acquired (“VOCRA”) is also reported in other assets and represents the present value of the expected future profits associated with the expected future business acquired through existing customers of the acquired company or business. The VODA and VOCRA associated with past business combinations are amortized over useful lives ranging from 10 to 30 years and such amortization is included in other expenses. Each year, or more frequently if circumstances indicate a possible impairment exists, the Company reviews VODA and VOCRA to determine whether the asset is impaired.
Reinsurance
For each of its reinsurance agreements, the Company determines whether the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk in accordance with applicable accounting standards. Cessions under reinsurance agreements do not discharge the Company’s obligations as the primary insurer. The Company reviews all contractual features, including those that may limit the amount of insurance risk to which the reinsurer is subject or features that delay the timely reimbursement of claims.
For reinsurance of existing in-force blocks of long-duration contracts that transfer significant insurance risk, the difference, if any, between the amounts paid (received), and the liabilities ceded (assumed) related to the underlying contracts is considered the net cost of reinsurance at the inception of the reinsurance agreement. The net cost of reinsurance is recorded as an adjustment to DAC when there is a gain at inception on the ceding entity and to other liabilities when there is a loss at inception. The net cost of reinsurance is recognized as a component of other expenses when there is a gain at inception and as policyholder benefits and claims when there is a loss and is subsequently amortized on a basis consistent with the methodology used for amortizing DAC related to the underlying reinsured contracts. Subsequent amounts paid (received) on the reinsurance of in-force blocks, as well as amounts paid (received) related to new business, are recorded as ceded (assumed) premiums and ceded (assumed) premiums, reinsurance and other receivables (future policy benefits) are established.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Amounts currently recoverable under reinsurance agreements are included in premiums, reinsurance and other receivables and amounts currently payable are included in other liabilities. Assets and liabilities relating to reinsurance agreements with the same reinsurer may be recorded net on the balance sheet, if a right of offset exists within the reinsurance agreement. In the event that reinsurers do not meet their obligations to the Company under the terms of the reinsurance agreements, reinsurance recoverable balances could become uncollectible. In such instances, reinsurance recoverable balances are stated net of allowances for uncollectible reinsurance.
The funds withheld liability represents amounts withheld by the Company in accordance with the terms of the reinsurance agreements. The Company withholds the funds rather than transferring the underlying investments and, as a result, records funds withheld liability within other liabilities. The Company recognizes interest on funds withheld, included in other expenses, at rates defined by the terms of the agreement which may be contractually specified or directly related to the investment portfolio.
Premiums, fees and policyholder benefits and claims include amounts assumed under reinsurance agreements and are net of reinsurance ceded. Amounts received from reinsurers for policy administration are reported in other revenues. With respect to GMIBs, a portion of the directly written GMIBs are accounted for as insurance liabilities, but the associated reinsurance agreements contain embedded derivatives. These embedded derivatives are included in premiums, reinsurance and other receivables with changes in estimated fair value reported in net derivative gains (losses).
If the Company determines that a reinsurance agreement does not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the agreement using the deposit method of accounting. Deposits received are included in other liabilities and deposits made are included within premiums, reinsurance and other receivables. As amounts are paid or received, consistent with the underlying contracts, the deposit assets or liabilities are adjusted. Interest on such deposits is recorded as other revenues or other expenses, as appropriate. Periodically, the Company evaluates the adequacy of the expected payments or recoveries and adjusts the deposit asset or liability through other revenues or other expenses, as appropriate.
Investments
Net Investment Income and Net Investment Gains (Losses)
Income on investments is reported within net investment income, unless otherwise stated herein. Gains and losses on sales of investments, impairment losses and changes in valuation allowances are reported within net investment gains (losses), unless otherwise stated herein.
Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities
The majority of the Company’s fixed maturity and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale (“AFS”) and are reported at their estimated fair value. Unrealized investment gains and losses on these securities are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”), net of policyholder-related amounts and deferred income taxes. All security transactions are recorded on a trade date basis. Investment gains and losses on sales are determined on a specific identification basis.
Interest income on fixed maturity securities is recognized when earned using an effective yield method giving effect to amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Prepayment fees are recognized when earned. Dividends on equity securities are recognized when declared.
The Company periodically evaluates fixed maturity and equity securities for impairment. The assessment of whether impairments have occurred is based on management’s case-by-case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in estimated fair value, as well as an analysis of the gross unrealized losses by severity and/or age as described in Note 7 “— Evaluation of AFS Securities for OTTI and Evaluating Temporarily Impaired AFS Securities.”
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
For fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position, an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) is recognized in earnings when it is anticipated that the amortized cost will not be recovered. When either: (i) the Company has the intent to sell the security; or (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery, the OTTI recognized in earnings is the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and estimated fair value. If neither of these conditions exist, the difference between the amortized cost of the security and the present value of projected future cash flows expected to be collected is recognized as an OTTI in earnings (“credit loss”). If the estimated fair value is less than the present value of projected future cash flows expected to be collected, this portion of OTTI related to other-than-credit factors (“noncredit loss”) is recorded in OCI.
With respect to equity securities, the Company considers in its OTTI analysis its intent and ability to hold a particular equity security for a period of time sufficient to allow for the recovery of its estimated fair value to an amount equal to or greater than cost. If a sale decision is made for an equity security and recovery to an amount at least equal to cost prior to the sale is not expected, the security will be deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired in the period that the sale decision was made and an OTTI loss will be recorded in earnings. The OTTI loss recognized is the entire difference between the security’s cost and its estimated fair value.
Mortgage Loans
The Company disaggregates its mortgage loan investments into two portfolio segments: commercial and agricultural. The accounting policies that are applicable to all portfolio segments are presented below and the accounting policies related to each of the portfolio segments are included in Note 7.
Mortgage loans are stated at unpaid principal balance, adjusted for any unamortized premium or discount, deferred fees or expenses, and are net of valuation allowances. Interest income and prepayment fees are recognized when earned. Interest income is recognized using an effective yield method giving effect to amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.
Also included in mortgage loans are commercial mortgage loans held by consolidated securitization entities (“CSEs”) for which the FVO was elected. These mortgage loans are stated at estimated fair value. Changes in estimated fair value are recognized in net investment gains (losses) for commercial mortgage loans held by CSEs.
Policy Loans
Policy loans are stated at unpaid principal balances. Interest income on such loans is recorded as earned using the contractual interest rate. Generally, accrued interest is capitalized on the policy’s anniversary date. Valuation allowances are not established for policy loans, as they are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the underlying insurance policies. Any unpaid principal or interest on the loan is deducted from the cash surrender value or the death benefit prior to settlement of the insurance policy.
Real Estate
Real estate held-for-investment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset (typically 20 to 55 years). Rental income associated with such real estate is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective leases. The Company periodically reviews its real estate held-for-investment for impairment and tests for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable and exceeds its estimated fair value. Properties whose carrying values are greater than their undiscounted cash flows are written down to their estimated fair value, which is generally computed using the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the underlying risks.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Real estate for which the Company commits to a plan to sell within one year and actively markets in its current condition for a reasonable price in comparison to its estimated fair value is classified as held for sale. Real estate held-for-sale is stated at the lower of depreciated cost or estimated fair value less expected disposition costs and is not depreciated.
Real Estate Joint Ventures and Other Limited Partnership Interests
The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments in equity securities when it has significant influence or at least 20% interest and for investments in real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership interests (“investees”) when it has more than a minor ownership interest or more than a minor influence over the investee’s operations, but does not have a controlling financial interest. The Company generally recognizes its share of the investee’s earnings on a three-month lag in instances where the investee’s financial information is not sufficiently timely or when the investee’s reporting period differs from the Company’s reporting period.
The Company uses the cost method of accounting for investments in which it has virtually no influence over the investee’s operations. The Company recognizes distributions on cost method investments as earned or received. Because of the nature and structure of these cost method investments, they do not meet the characteristics of an equity security in accordance with applicable accounting standards.
The Company routinely evaluates its equity method and cost method investments for impairment. For equity method investees, the Company considers financial and other information provided by the investee, other known information and inherent risks in the underlying investments, as well as future capital commitments, in determining whether an impairment has occurred. The Company considers its cost method investments for impairment when the carrying value of such investments exceeds the net asset value (“NAV”). The Company takes into consideration the severity and duration of this excess when determining whether the cost method investment is impaired.
Short-term Investments
Short-term investments include securities and other investments with remaining maturities of one year or less, but greater than three months, at the time of purchase and are stated at estimated fair value or amortized cost, which approximates estimated fair value. Short-term investments also include investments in affiliated money market pools.
Other Invested Assets
Other invested assets consist principally of the following:
| |
• | Freestanding derivatives with positive estimated fair values are described in “— Derivatives” below. |
| |
• | Loans to affiliates are stated at unpaid principal balance, adjusted for any unamortized premium or discount. |
| |
• | Tax credit and renewable energy partnerships derive a significant source of investment return in the form of income tax credits or other tax incentives. Where tax credits are guaranteed by a creditworthy third party, the investment is accounted for under the effective yield method. Otherwise, the investment is accounted for under the equity method. |
| |
• | Leveraged leases are recorded net of non-recourse debt. Income on leveraged leases is recognized by applying the leveraged lease’s estimated rate of return to the net investment in the lease. The Company regularly reviews residual values for impairment. |
| |
• | Investments in joint ventures that engage in insurance underwriting activities are accounted for under the equity method. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Securities Lending Program
Securities lending transactions, whereby blocks of securities are loaned to third parties, primarily brokerage firms and commercial banks, are treated as financing arrangements and the associated liability is recorded at the amount of cash received. The Company obtains collateral at the inception of the loan, usually cash, in an amount generally equal to 102% of the estimated fair value of the securities loaned, and maintains it at a level greater than or equal to 100% for the duration of the loan. The Company is liable to return to the counterparties the cash collateral received. Security collateral on deposit from counterparties in connection with the securities lending transactions may not be sold or repledged, unless the counterparty is in default, and is not reflected in the financial statements. The Company monitors the estimated fair value of the securities loaned on a daily basis and additional collateral is obtained as necessary. Income and expenses associated with securities lending transactions are reported as investment income and investment expense, respectively, within net investment income.
Derivatives
Freestanding Derivatives
Freestanding derivatives are carried in the Company’s balance sheets either as assets within other invested assets or as liabilities within other liabilities at estimated fair value. The Company does not offset the fair value amounts recognized for derivatives executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement.
Accruals on derivatives are generally recorded in accrued investment income or within other liabilities. However, accruals that are not scheduled to settle within one year are included with the derivatives carrying value in other invested assets or other liabilities.
If a derivative is not designated as an accounting hedge or its use in managing risk does not qualify for hedge accounting, changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative are reported in net derivative gains (losses) except as follows:
|
| | |
Statement of Operations Presentation: | Derivative: |
Policyholder benefits and claims | • | Economic hedges of variable annuity guarantees included in future policy benefits |
Net investment income | • | Economic hedges of equity method investments in joint ventures |
Hedge Accounting
To qualify for hedge accounting, at the inception of the hedging relationship, the Company formally documents its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedging transaction, as well as its designation of the hedge. Hedge designation and financial statement presentation of changes in estimated fair value of the hedging derivatives are as follows:
| |
• | Fair value hedge (a hedge of the estimated fair value of a recognized asset or liability) - in net derivative gains (losses), consistent with the change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the designated risk being hedged. |
| |
• | Cash flow hedge (a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability) - effectiveness in OCI (deferred gains or losses on the derivative are reclassified into the statement of operations when the Company’s earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the hedged item); ineffectiveness in net derivative gains (losses). |
The changes in estimated fair values of the hedging derivatives are exclusive of any accruals that are separately reported in the statement of operations within interest income or interest expense to match the location of the hedged item.
In its hedge documentation, the Company sets forth how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the designated risks related to the hedged item and sets forth the method that will be used to retrospectively and prospectively assess the hedging instrument’s effectiveness and the method that will be used to measure ineffectiveness. A derivative designated as a hedging instrument must be assessed as being highly effective in offsetting the designated risk of the hedged item. Hedge effectiveness is formally assessed at inception and at least quarterly throughout the life of the designated hedging relationship. Assessments of hedge effectiveness and measurements of ineffectiveness are also subject to interpretation and estimation and different interpretations or estimates may have a material effect on the amount reported in net income.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when: (i) it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the estimated fair value or cash flows of a hedged item; (ii) the derivative expires, is sold, terminated, or exercised; (iii) it is no longer probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will occur; or (iv) the derivative is de-designated as a hedging instrument.
When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is determined that the derivative is not highly effective in offsetting changes in the estimated fair value or cash flows of a hedged item, the derivative continues to be carried in the balance sheets at its estimated fair value, with changes in estimated fair value recognized in net derivative gains (losses). The carrying value of the hedged recognized asset or liability under a fair value hedge is no longer adjusted for changes in its estimated fair value due to the hedged risk, and the cumulative adjustment to its carrying value is amortized into income over the remaining life of the hedged item. Provided the hedged forecasted transaction is still probable of occurrence, the changes in estimated fair value of derivatives recorded in OCI related to discontinued cash flow hedges are released into the statements of operations when the Company’s earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the hedged item.
When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is no longer probable that the forecasted transactions will occur on the anticipated date or within two months of that date, the derivative continues to be carried in the balance sheets at its estimated fair value, with changes in estimated fair value recognized currently in net derivative gains (losses). Deferred gains and losses of a derivative recorded in OCI pursuant to the discontinued cash flow hedge of a forecasted transaction that is no longer probable are recognized immediately in net derivative gains (losses).
In all other situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued, the derivative is carried at its estimated fair value in the balance sheets, with changes in its estimated fair value recognized in the current period as net derivative gains (losses).
Embedded Derivatives
The Company sells variable annuities and issues certain insurance products and investment contracts and is a party to certain reinsurance agreements that have embedded derivatives. The Company assesses each identified embedded derivative to determine whether it is required to be bifurcated. The embedded derivative is bifurcated from the host contract and accounted for as a freestanding derivative if:
| |
• | the combined instrument is not accounted for in its entirety at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings; |
| |
• | the terms of the embedded derivative are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract; and |
| |
• | a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would qualify as a derivative instrument. |
Such embedded derivatives are carried in the balance sheets at estimated fair value with the host contract and changes in their estimated fair value are generally reported in net derivative gains (losses). If the Company is unable to properly identify and measure an embedded derivative for separation from its host contract, the entire contract is carried on the balance sheet at estimated fair value, with changes in estimated fair value recognized in the current period in net investment gains (losses) or net investment income. Additionally, the Company may elect to carry an entire contract on the balance sheet at estimated fair value, with changes in estimated fair value recognized in the current period in net investment gains (losses) or net investment income if that contract contains an embedded derivative that requires bifurcation. At inception, the Company attributes to the embedded derivative a portion of the projected future guarantee fees to be collected from the policyholder equal to the present value of projected future guaranteed benefits. Any additional fees represent “excess” fees and are reported in universal life and investment-type product policy fees.
Fair Value
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. In most cases, the exit price and the transaction (or entry) price will be the same at initial recognition.
Subsequent to initial recognition, fair values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are readily and regularly obtainable. When such quoted prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar but not identical assets or liabilities, or other observable inputs. If these inputs are not available, or observable inputs are not determinable, unobservable inputs and/or adjustments to observable inputs requiring management judgment are used to determine the estimated fair value of assets and liabilities.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from net assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and recognized. Goodwill is calculated as the excess of cost over the estimated fair value of such net assets acquired, is not amortized, and is tested for impairment based on a fair value approach at least annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that there may be justification for conducting an interim test. The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment testing during the third quarter of each year based upon data as of the close of the second quarter. Goodwill associated with a business acquisition is not tested for impairment during the year the business is acquired unless there is a significant identified impairment event.
The impairment test is performed at the reporting unit level, which is the operating segment or a business one level below the operating segment, if discrete financial information is prepared and regularly reviewed by management at that level. For purposes of goodwill impairment testing, if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, there may be an indication of impairment. In such instances, the implied fair value of the goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill that would be determined in a business combination. The excess of the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill would be recognized as an impairment and recorded as a charge against net income.
On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates potential triggering events that may affect the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units to assess whether any goodwill impairment exists. Deteriorating or adverse market conditions for certain reporting units may have a significant impact on the estimated fair value of these reporting units and could result in future impairments of goodwill.
Employee Benefit Plans
Pension, postretirement and postemployment benefits are provided to associates under plans sponsored and administered by MLIC, an affiliate of the Company. The Company’s obligation and expense related to these benefits is limited to the amount of associated expense allocated from MLIC.
Income Tax
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and all of its includable subsidiaries join with MetLife and its includable subsidiaries in filing a consolidated U.S. life and non-life federal income tax return in accordance with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Current taxes (and the benefits of tax attributes such as losses) are allocated to MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and its subsidiaries under the consolidated tax return regulations and a tax sharing agreement. Under the consolidated tax return regulations, MetLife has elected the “percentage method” (and 100 percent under such method) of reimbursing companies for tax attributes such as losses. As a result, 100 percent of tax attributes such as losses are reimbursed by MetLife to the extent that consolidated federal income tax of the consolidated federal tax return group is reduced in a year by tax attributes such as losses. Profitable subsidiaries pay MetLife each year the federal income tax which such profitable subsidiary would have paid that year based upon that year’s taxable income. If MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut or its includable subsidiaries has current or prior deductions and credits (including but not limited to losses) which reduce the consolidated tax liability of the consolidated federal tax return group, the deductions and credits are characterized as realized (or realizable) by MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and its includable subsidiaries when those tax attributes are realized (or realizable) by the consolidated federal tax return group, even if MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut or its includable subsidiaries would not have realized the attributes on a stand-alone basis under a “wait and see” method.
The Company’s accounting for income taxes represents management’s best estimate of various events and transactions.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities are measured at the balance sheet date using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
The realization of deferred tax assets depends upon the existence of sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods under the tax law in the applicable tax jurisdiction. Valuation allowances are established when management determines, based on available information, that it is more likely than not that deferred income tax assets will not be realized. Factors in management’s determination include the performance of the business and its ability to generate capital gains. Significant judgment is required in determining whether valuation allowances should be established, as well as the amount of such allowances. When making such determination, consideration is given to, among other things, the following:
| |
• | future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards; |
| |
• | future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences; |
| |
• | taxable income in prior carryback years; and |
| |
• | tax planning strategies. |
The Company may be required to change its provision for income taxes in certain circumstances. Examples of such circumstances include when estimates used in determining valuation allowances on deferred tax assets significantly change or when receipt of new information indicates the need for adjustment in valuation allowances. Additionally, future events, such as changes in tax laws, tax regulations, or interpretations of such laws or regulations, could have an impact on the provision for income tax and the effective tax rate. Any such changes could significantly affect the amounts reported in the financial statements in the year these changes occur.
The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities before any part of the benefit can be recorded in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits due to tax uncertainties that do not meet the threshold are included within other liabilities and are charged to earnings in the period that such determination is made.
The Company classifies interest recognized as interest expense and penalties recognized as a component of income tax.
Litigation Contingencies
The Company is a party to a number of legal actions and is involved in a number of regulatory investigations. Given the inherent unpredictability of these matters, it is difficult to estimate the impact on the Company’s financial position. Liabilities are established when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs are recognized as incurred. On a quarterly and annual basis, the Company reviews relevant information with respect to liabilities for litigation, regulatory investigations and litigation-related contingencies to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements.
Other Accounting Policies
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid securities and other investments purchased with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at amortized cost, which approximates estimated fair value.
Property, Equipment, Leasehold Improvements and Computer Software
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, which are included in other assets, are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as appropriate. Estimated lives generally range from five to 10 years for leasehold improvements, and from three to seven years for all other property and equipment. The net book value of the property, equipment and leasehold improvements was insignificant at both December 31, 2013 and 2012.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Computer software, which is included in other assets, is stated at cost, less accumulated amortization. Purchased software costs, as well as certain internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use computer software during the application development stage, are capitalized. Such costs are amortized generally over a four-year period using the straight-line method. The cost basis of computer software was $200 million and $185 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Accumulated amortization of capitalized software was $97 million and $92 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Related amortization expense was $5 million, $10 million and $17 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Other Revenues
Other revenues include, in addition to items described elsewhere herein, advisory fees, broker-dealer commissions and fees and administrative service fees. Such fees and commissions are recognized in the period in which services are performed.
Foreign Currency
Assets, liabilities and operations of foreign affiliates and subsidiaries are recorded based on the functional currency of each entity. The determination of the functional currency is made based on the appropriate economic and management indicators. The local currencies of foreign operations are the functional currencies. Assets and liabilities of foreign affiliates and subsidiaries are translated from the functional currency to U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at each year-end and income and expense accounts are translated at the average exchange rates during the year. The resulting translation adjustments are charged or credited directly to OCI, net of applicable taxes. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions, including the effect of re-measurement of monetary assets and liabilities to the appropriate functional currency, are reported as part of net investment gains (losses) in the period in which they occur.
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
Effective July 17, 2013, the Company adopted new guidance regarding derivatives that permits the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate (or Overnight Index Swap Rate) to be used as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes, in addition to the United States Treasury and London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). Also, this new guidance removes the restriction on using different benchmark rates for similar hedges. The new guidance did not have a material impact on the financial statements upon adoption, but may impact the selection of benchmark interest rates for hedging relationships in the future.
Effective January 1, 2013, the Company adopted new guidance regarding comprehensive income that requires an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated OCI (“AOCI”) by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income but only if the amount reclassified is required under GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required under GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures required under GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. The adoption was prospectively applied and resulted in additional disclosures in Note 12.
Effective January 1, 2013, the Company adopted new guidance regarding balance sheet offsetting disclosures which requires an entity to disclose information about offsetting and related arrangements for derivatives, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and lending transactions, to enable users of its financial statements to understand the effects of those arrangements on its financial position. Entities are required to disclose both gross information and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. The adoption was retrospectively applied and resulted in additional disclosures related to derivatives in Note 8.
On January 1, 2012, the Company adopted new guidance regarding accounting for DAC, which was retrospectively applied. The guidance specifies that only costs related directly to successful acquisition of new or renewal contracts can be capitalized as DAC; all other acquisition-related costs must be expensed as incurred. As a result, certain sales manager compensation and administrative costs previously capitalized by the Company will no longer be deferred.
On January 1, 2012, the Company adopted new guidance regarding comprehensive income, which was retrospectively applied, that provides companies with the option to present the total of comprehensive income, components of net income, and the components of OCI either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements in annual financial statements. The standard eliminates the option to present components of OCI as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. The Company adopted the two-statement approach for annual financial statements.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Effective January 1, 2012, the Company adopted new guidance on goodwill impairment testing that simplifies how an entity tests goodwill for impairment. This new guidance allows an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value as a basis for determining whether it needs to perform the quantitative two-step goodwill impairment test. Only if an entity determines, based on qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value will it be required to calculate the fair value of the reporting unit. The qualitative assessment is optional and the Company is permitted to bypass it for any reporting unit in any period and begin its impairment analysis with the quantitative calculation. The Company is permitted to perform the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period.
Effective January 1, 2012, the Company adopted new guidance regarding fair value measurements that establishes common requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements in accordance with GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. Some of the amendments clarify the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) intent on the application of existing fair value measurement requirements. Other amendments change a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or for disclosing information about fair value measurements. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements other than the expanded disclosures in Note 9.
Future Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2013, the FASB issued new guidance regarding foreign currency (Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2013-05, Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830): Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity), effective prospectively for fiscal years and interim reporting periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2013. The amendments require an entity that ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets within a foreign entity to apply the guidance in Subtopic 830-30, Foreign Currency Matters — Translation of Financial Statements, to release any related cumulative translation adjustment into net income. Accordingly, the cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income only if the sale or transfer results in the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity in which the subsidiary or group of assets had resided. For an equity method investment that is a foreign entity, the partial sale guidance in section 830-30-40, Derecognition, still applies. As such, a pro rata portion of the cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income upon a partial sale of such an equity method investment. The Company does not expect the adoption of this new guidance to have a material impact on its financial statements.
In February 2013, the FASB issued new guidance regarding liabilities (ASU 2013-04, Liabilities (Topic 405): Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation Is Fixed at the Reporting Date), effective retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013 and interim periods within those years. The amendments require an entity to measure obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation within the scope of the guidance is fixed at the reporting date, as the sum of the amount the reporting entity agreed to pay on the basis of its arrangement among its co-obligors and any additional amount the reporting entity expects to pay on behalf of its co-obligors. In addition, the amendments require an entity to disclose the nature and amount of the obligation, as well as other information about the obligation. The Company does not expect the adoption of this new guidance to have a material impact on its financial statements.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
2. Segment Information
The Company is organized into two segments: Retail and Corporate Benefit Funding. In addition, the Company reports certain of its results of operations in Corporate & Other.
Retail
The Retail segment offers a broad range of protection products and a variety of annuities primarily to individuals, and is organized into two businesses: Annuities and Life & Other. Annuities includes a variety of variable, fixed and indexed annuities which provide for both asset accumulation and asset distribution needs. Life & Other insurance products and services include variable life, universal life, term life and whole life products, as well as individual disability income products. Additionally, through broker-dealer affiliates, the Company offers a full range of mutual funds and other securities products.
Corporate Benefit Funding
The Corporate Benefit Funding segment offers a broad range of annuity and investment products, including guaranteed interest products and other stable value products, income annuities, and separate account contracts for the investment management of defined benefit and defined contribution plan assets. This segment also includes structured settlements and certain products to fund company-, bank- or trust-owned life insurance used to finance non-qualified benefit programs for executives.
Corporate & Other
Corporate & Other contains the excess capital not allocated to the segments, various start-up businesses, including direct and digital marketing products, run-off businesses, the Company’s ancillary international operations, interest expense related to the majority of the Company’s outstanding debt, as well as expenses associated with certain legal proceedings and income tax audit issues. Corporate & Other also includes the elimination of intersegment amounts.
Financial Measures and Segment Accounting Policies
Operating earnings is the measure of segment profit or loss the Company uses to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. Consistent with GAAP guidance for segment reporting, operating earnings is the Company’s measure of segment performance and is reported below. Operating earnings should not be viewed as a substitute for income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income tax. The Company believes the presentation of operating earnings as the Company measures it for management purposes enhances the understanding of its performance by highlighting the results of operations and the underlying profitability drivers of the business.
Operating earnings is defined as operating revenues less operating expenses, both net of income tax.
Operating revenues excludes net investment gains (losses) and net derivative gains (losses). Operating expenses excludes goodwill impairments.
The following additional adjustments are made to GAAP revenues, in the line items indicated, in calculating operating revenues:
| |
• | Universal life and investment-type product policy fees excludes the amortization of unearned revenue related to net investment gains (losses) and net derivative gains (losses) and certain variable annuity GMIB fees (“GMIB Fees”); and |
| |
• | Net investment income: (i) includes amounts for scheduled periodic settlement payments and amortization of premium on derivatives that are hedges of investments or that are used to replicate certain investments, but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, (ii) includes income from discontinued real estate operations, (iii) excludes post-tax operating earnings adjustments relating to insurance joint ventures accounted for under the equity method, (iv) excludes certain amounts related to contractholder-directed unit-linked investments, and (v) excludes certain amounts related to securitization entities that are VIEs consolidated under GAAP. |
The following additional adjustments are made to GAAP expenses, in the line items indicated, in calculating operating expenses:
| |
• | Policyholder benefits and claims excludes: (i) amounts associated with periodic crediting rate adjustments based on the total return of a contractually referenced pool of assets, (ii) benefits and hedging costs related to GMIBs (“GMIB Costs”), and (iii) market value adjustments associated with surrenders or terminations of contracts (“Market Value Adjustments”); |
| |
• | Interest credited to policyholder account balances includes adjustments for scheduled periodic settlement payments and amortization of premium on derivatives that are hedges of PABs but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment and excludes amounts related to net investment income earned on contractholder-directed unit-linked investments; |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
2. Segment Information (continued)
| |
• | Amortization of DAC and VOBA excludes amounts related to: (i) net investment gains (losses) and net derivative gains (losses), (ii) GMIB Fees and GMIB Costs, and (iii) Market Value Adjustments; |
| |
• | Interest expense on debt excludes certain amounts related to securitization entities that are VIEs consolidated under GAAP; and |
| |
• | Other expenses excludes costs related to: (i) implementation of new insurance regulatory requirements, and (ii) acquisition and integration costs. |
Set forth in the tables below is certain financial information with respect to the Company’s segments, as well as Corporate & Other, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 and at December 31, 2013 and 2012. The segment accounting policies are the same as those used to prepare the Company’s consolidated financial statements, except for operating earnings adjustments as defined above. In addition, segment accounting policies include the method of capital allocation described below.
Economic capital is an internally developed risk capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic capital model accounts for the unique and specific nature of the risks inherent in MetLife’s and the Company’s business.
MetLife’s economic capital model aligns segment allocated equity with emerging standards and consistent risk principles. The model applies statistics-based risk evaluation principles to the material risks to which the Company is exposed. These consistent risk principles include calibrating required economic capital shock factors to a specific confidence level and time horizon and applying an industry standard method for the inclusion of diversification benefits among risk types.
Segment net investment income is credited or charged based on the level of allocated equity; however, changes in allocated equity do not impact the Company’s consolidated net investment income, operating earnings or income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income tax.
Net investment income is based upon the actual results of each segment’s specifically identifiable investment portfolios adjusted for allocated equity. Other costs are allocated to each of the segments based upon: (i) a review of the nature of such costs; (ii) time studies analyzing the amount of employee compensation costs incurred by each segment; and (iii) cost estimates included in the Company’s product pricing.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
2. Segment Information (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Operating Earnings | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2013 | | Retail | | Corporate Benefit Funding | | Corporate & Other | | Total | | Adjustments | | Total Consolidated |
| | (In millions) |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums | | $ | 387 |
| | $ | 184 |
| | $ | 35 |
| | $ | 606 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 606 |
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees | | 2,155 |
| | 35 |
| | — |
| | 2,190 |
| | 146 |
| | 2,336 |
|
Net investment income | | 1,614 |
| | 1,162 |
| | 112 |
| | 2,888 |
| | (36 | ) | | 2,852 |
|
Other revenues | | 587 |
| | 5 |
| | — |
| | 592 |
| | — |
| | 592 |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 82 |
| | 82 |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1,052 | ) | | (1,052 | ) |
Total revenues | | 4,743 |
| | 1,386 |
| | 147 |
| | 6,276 |
| | (860 | ) | | 5,416 |
|
Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Policyholder benefits and claims | | 737 |
| | 749 |
| | 14 |
| | 1,500 |
| | 207 |
| | 1,707 |
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances | | 906 |
| | 136 |
| | — |
| | 1,042 |
| | (5 | ) | | 1,037 |
|
Goodwill impairment | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 66 |
| | 66 |
|
Capitalization of DAC | | (475 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (27 | ) | | (504 | ) | | — |
| | (504 | ) |
Amortization of DAC and VOBA | | 552 |
| | 5 |
| | 1 |
| | 558 |
| | (508 | ) | | 50 |
|
Interest expense on debt | | — |
| | — |
| | 68 |
| | 68 |
| | 122 |
| | 190 |
|
Other expenses | | 1,816 |
| | 36 |
| | 71 |
| | 1,923 |
| | — |
| | 1,923 |
|
Total expenses | | 3,536 |
| | 924 |
| | 127 |
| | 4,587 |
| | (118 | ) | | 4,469 |
|
Provision for income tax expense (benefit) | | 395 |
| | 162 |
| | (86 | ) | | 471 |
| | (244 | ) | | 227 |
|
Operating earnings | | $ | 812 |
| | $ | 300 |
| | $ | 106 |
| | 1,218 |
| | | | |
Adjustments to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | (860 | ) | | | | |
Total expenses | | 118 |
| | | | |
Provision for income tax (expense) benefit | | 244 |
| | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income tax | | $ | 720 |
| | | | $ | 720 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At December 31, 2013 |
| Retail |
| Corporate Benefit Funding |
| Corporate & Other |
| Total |
|
| (In millions) |
Total assets |
| $ | 146,515 |
|
| $ | 30,822 |
|
| $ | 10,702 |
|
| $ | 188,039 |
|
Separate account assets |
| $ | 95,692 |
|
| $ | 2,088 |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | 97,780 |
|
Separate account liabilities |
| $ | 95,692 |
|
| $ | 2,088 |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | 97,780 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
2. Segment Information (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Operating Earnings | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2012 | | Retail | | Corporate Benefit Funding | | Corporate & Other | | Total | | Adjustments | | Total Consolidated |
| | (In millions) |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums | | $ | 498 |
| | $ | 629 |
| | $ | 134 |
| | $ | 1,261 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,261 |
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees | | 2,081 |
| | 29 |
| | 14 |
| | 2,124 |
| | 137 |
| | 2,261 |
|
Net investment income | | 1,525 |
| | 1,167 |
| | 185 |
| | 2,877 |
| | 75 |
| | 2,952 |
|
Other revenues | | 505 |
| | 6 |
| | — |
| | 511 |
| | — |
| | 511 |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 152 |
| | 152 |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,003 |
| | 1,003 |
|
Total revenues | | 4,609 |
| | 1,831 |
| | 333 |
| | 6,773 |
| | 1,367 |
| | 8,140 |
|
Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Policyholder benefits and claims | | 738 |
| | 1,161 |
| | 128 |
| | 2,027 |
| | 362 |
| | 2,389 |
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances | | 943 |
| | 162 |
| | — |
| | 1,105 |
| | 42 |
| | 1,147 |
|
Goodwill impairment | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 394 |
| | 394 |
|
Capitalization of DAC | | (848 | ) | | (5 | ) | | (33 | ) | | (886 | ) | | — |
| | (886 | ) |
Amortization of DAC and VOBA | | 666 |
| | 10 |
| | 2 |
| | 678 |
| | 357 |
| | 1,035 |
|
Interest expense on debt | | — |
| | — |
| | 68 |
| | 68 |
| | 163 |
| | 231 |
|
Other expenses | | 2,229 |
| | 39 |
| | 66 |
| | 2,334 |
| | 6 |
| | 2,340 |
|
Total expenses | | 3,728 |
| | 1,367 |
| | 231 |
| | 5,326 |
| | 1,324 |
| | 6,650 |
|
Provision for income tax expense (benefit) | | 332 |
| | 162 |
| | (30 | ) | | 464 |
| | (92 | ) | | 372 |
|
Operating earnings | | $ | 549 |
| | $ | 302 |
| | $ | 132 |
| | 983 |
| | | | |
Adjustments to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | 1,367 |
| | | | |
Total expenses | | (1,324 | ) | | | | |
Provision for income tax (expense) benefit | | 92 |
| | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income tax | | $ | 1,118 |
| | | | $ | 1,118 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At December 31, 2012 |
| Retail |
| Corporate Benefit Funding |
| Corporate & Other |
| Total |
| | (In millions) |
Total assets | | $ | 136,074 |
| | $ | 33,140 |
| | $ | 15,323 |
| | $ | 184,537 |
|
Separate account assets | | $ | 84,106 |
| | $ | 2,008 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 86,114 |
|
Separate account liabilities | | $ | 84,106 |
| | $ | 2,008 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 86,114 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
2. Segment Information (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Operating Earnings | | | | |
Year Ended December 31, 2011 | | Retail | | Corporate Benefit Funding | | Corporate & Other | | Total | | Adjustments | | Total Consolidated |
| | (In millions) |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums | | $ | 710 |
| | $ | 1,071 |
| | $ | 47 |
| | $ | 1,828 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,828 |
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees | | 1,764 |
| | 34 |
| | 36 |
| | 1,834 |
| | 122 |
| | 1,956 |
|
Net investment income | | 1,423 |
| | 1,175 |
| | 181 |
| | 2,779 |
| | 295 |
| | 3,074 |
|
Other revenues | | 502 |
| | 5 |
| | 1 |
| | 508 |
| | — |
| | 508 |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 35 |
| | 35 |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1,096 |
| | 1,096 |
|
Total revenues | | 4,399 |
| | 2,285 |
| | 265 |
| | 6,949 |
| | 1,548 |
| | 8,497 |
|
Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Policyholder benefits and claims | | 896 |
| | 1,598 |
| | 46 |
| | 2,540 |
| | 120 |
| | 2,660 |
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances | | 988 |
| | 180 |
| | — |
| | 1,168 |
| | 21 |
| | 1,189 |
|
Goodwill impairment | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Capitalization of DAC | | (1,301 | ) | | (7 | ) | | (57 | ) | | (1,365 | ) | | — |
| | (1,365 | ) |
Amortization of DAC and VOBA | | 791 |
| | 4 |
| | 6 |
| | 801 |
| | 358 |
| | 1,159 |
|
Interest expense on debt | | — |
| | — |
| | 67 |
| | 67 |
| | 322 |
| | 389 |
|
Other expenses | | 2,568 |
| | 42 |
| | 163 |
| | 2,773 |
| | 25 |
| | 2,798 |
|
Total expenses | | 3,942 |
| | 1,817 |
| | 225 |
| | 5,984 |
| | 846 |
| | 6,830 |
|
Provision for income tax expense (benefit) | | 161 |
| | 164 |
| | (70 | ) | | 255 |
| | 238 |
| | 493 |
|
Operating earnings | | $ | 296 |
| | $ | 304 |
| | $ | 110 |
| | 710 |
| | | | |
Adjustments to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | 1,548 |
| | | | |
Total expenses | | (846 | ) | | | | |
Provision for income tax (expense) benefit | | (238 | ) | | | | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income tax | | $ | 1,174 |
| | | | $ | 1,174 |
|
The following table presents total premiums, universal life and investment-type product policy fees and other revenues by major product groups of the Company’s segments, as well as Corporate & Other:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Life insurance (1) | $ | 3,528 |
| | $ | 4,026 |
| | $ | 4,285 |
|
Accident and health insurance | 6 |
| | 7 |
| | 7 |
|
Total | $ | 3,534 |
| | $ | 4,033 |
| | $ | 4,292 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Includes annuities and corporate benefit funding products. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
2. Segment Information (continued)
Revenues derived from any customer did not exceed 10% of consolidated premiums, universal life and investment-type product policy fees and other revenues for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
The following table presents total premiums, universal life and investment-type product policy fees and other revenues associated with the Company’s U.S. and foreign operations:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
U.S. | $ | 3,442 |
| | $ | 3,329 |
| | $ | 3,222 |
|
Foreign: | | | | | |
United Kingdom | 92 |
| | 556 |
| | 986 |
|
Other (1) | — |
| | 148 |
| | 84 |
|
Total | $ | 3,534 |
| | $ | 4,033 |
| | $ | 4,292 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | See Note 3 for information on the disposition of a subsidiary. |
3. Dispositions
Disposition
In June 2012, the Company distributed all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of its wholly-owned subsidiary, MetLife Europe Limited (“MetLife Europe”) to its stockholders as an in-kind dividend. The net book value of MetLife Europe at the time of the dividend was $290 million which was recorded as a dividend of retained earnings of $347 million and an increase to OCI of $57 million, net of income tax. As of the date of dividend, the Company no longer consolidates the assets, liabilities and operations of MetLife Europe. The net income of MetLife Europe was not material to the Company for the periods prior to the dividend. The results of MetLife Europe were reported in Corporate & Other. See Note 2 for a discussion of Corporate & Other.
Discontinued Operations
The following table summarizes the amounts that have been reflected as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations. Income (loss) from discontinued operations includes real estate classified as held-for-sale or sold.
|
| | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2012 |
|
| (In millions) |
Total revenues | | $ | 12 |
|
Total expenses | | — |
|
Income (loss) before provision for income tax | | 12 |
|
Provision for income tax expense (benefit) | | 4 |
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax | | $ | 8 |
|
There was no income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax, for both of the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2011.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
4. Insurance
Insurance Liabilities
Insurance liabilities, including affiliated insurance liabilities on reinsurance assumed and ceded, are comprised of future policy benefits, PABs and other policy-related balances. Information regarding insurance liabilities by segment, as well as Corporate & Other, was as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Retail | $ | 35,844 |
| | $ | 37,642 |
|
Corporate Benefit Funding | 22,222 |
| | 23,766 |
|
Corporate & Other | 6,542 |
| | 6,289 |
|
Total | $ | 64,608 |
| | $ | 67,697 |
|
See Note 6 for discussion of affiliated reinsurance liabilities included in the table above.
Future policy benefits are measured as follows:
|
| | |
Product Type: | | Measurement Assumptions: |
Participating life | | Aggregate of net level premium reserves for death and endowment policy benefits (calculated based upon the non-forfeiture interest rate of 4%, and mortality rates guaranteed in calculating the cash surrender values described in such contracts). |
Nonparticipating life | | Aggregate of the present value of expected future benefit payments and related expenses less the present value of expected future net premiums. Assumptions as to mortality and persistency are based upon the Company’s experience when the basis of the liability is established. Interest rate assumptions for the aggregate future policy benefit liabilities range from 2% to 7%. |
Individual and group traditional fixed annuities after annuitization | | Present value of expected future payments. Interest rate assumptions used in establishing such liabilities range from 4% to 8%. |
Non-medical health insurance | | The net level premium method and assumptions as to future morbidity, withdrawals and interest, which provide a margin for adverse deviation. Interest rate assumptions used in establishing such liabilities range from 4% to 7%. |
Disabled lives | | Present value of benefits method and experience assumptions as to claim terminations, expenses and interest. Interest rate assumptions used in establishing such liabilities range from 3% to 7%. |
Participating business represented 3% and 2% of the Company’s life insurance in-force at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Participating policies represented 32%, 24% and 10% of gross life insurance premiums for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
PABs are equal to: (i) policy account values, which consist of an accumulation of gross premium payments; (ii) credited interest, ranging from 1% to 8%, less expenses, mortality charges and withdrawals; and (iii) fair value adjustments relating to business combinations.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
4. Insurance (continued)
Guarantees
The Company issues variable annuity products with guaranteed minimum benefits. The non-life contingent portion of GMWBs and the portion of certain GMIBs that does not require annuitization are accounted for as embedded derivatives in PABs and are further discussed in Note 8. Guarantees accounted for as insurance liabilities include:
|
| | | | |
Guarantee: | Measurement Assumptions: |
GMDBs | • | A return of purchase payment upon death even if the account value is reduced to zero. | • | Present value of expected death benefits in excess of the projected account balance recognizing the excess ratably over the accumulation period based on the present value of total expected assessments. |
| • | An enhanced death benefit may be available for an additional fee. | • | Assumptions are consistent with those used for amortizing DAC, and are thus subject to the same variability and risk. |
| | | • | Investment performance and volatility assumptions are consistent with the historical experience of the appropriate underlying equity index, such as the S&P 500 Index. |
| | | • | Benefit assumptions are based on the average benefits payable over a range of scenarios. |
GMIBs | • | After a specified period of time determined at the time of issuance of the variable annuity contract, a minimum accumulation of purchase payments, even if the account value is reduced to zero, that can be annuitized to receive a monthly income stream that is not less than a specified amount. | • | Present value of expected income benefits in excess of the projected account balance at any future date of annuitization and recognizing the excess ratably over the accumulation period based on present value of total expected assessments. |
| • | Certain contracts also provide for a guaranteed lump sum return of purchase premium in lieu of the annuitization benefit. | • | Assumptions are consistent with those used for estimating GMDB liabilities. |
| | | • | Calculation incorporates an assumption for the percentage of the potential annuitizations that may be elected by the contractholder. |
GMWBs | • | A return of purchase payment via partial withdrawals, even if the account value is reduced to zero, provided that cumulative withdrawals in a contract year do not exceed a certain limit. | • | Expected value of the life contingent payments and expected assessments using assumptions consistent with those used for estimating the GMDB liabilities. |
| • | Certain contracts include guaranteed withdrawals that are life contingent. | | |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
4. Insurance (continued)
Information regarding the liabilities for guarantees (excluding base policy liabilities and embedded derivatives) relating to annuity and universal and variable life contracts was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Annuity Contracts | | Universal and Variable Life Contracts | | |
| GMDBs | | GMIBs | | Secondary Guarantees | | Total |
| (In millions) |
Direct | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2011 | $ | 79 |
| | $ | 281 |
| | $ | 896 |
| | $ | 1,256 |
|
Incurred guaranteed benefits | 84 |
| | 128 |
| | 140 |
| | 352 |
|
Paid guaranteed benefits | (25 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (25 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2011 | 138 |
| | 409 |
| | 1,036 |
| | 1,583 |
|
Incurred guaranteed benefits | 108 |
| | 402 |
| | 332 |
| | 842 |
|
Paid guaranteed benefits | (29 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (29 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2012 | 217 |
| | 811 |
| | 1,368 |
| | 2,396 |
|
Incurred guaranteed benefits | 155 |
| | 127 |
| | 415 |
| | 697 |
|
Paid guaranteed benefits | (17 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (17 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 355 |
| | $ | 938 |
| | $ | 1,783 |
| | $ | 3,076 |
|
Ceded | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2011 | $ | 76 |
| | $ | 97 |
| | $ | 657 |
| | $ | 830 |
|
Incurred guaranteed benefits | 59 |
| | 42 |
| | 110 |
| | 211 |
|
Paid guaranteed benefits | (21 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (21 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2011 | 114 |
| | 139 |
| | 767 |
| | 1,020 |
|
Incurred guaranteed benefits | 56 |
| | 129 |
| | 267 |
| | 452 |
|
Paid guaranteed benefits | (25 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (25 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2012 | 145 |
| | 268 |
| | 1,034 |
| | 1,447 |
|
Incurred guaranteed benefits | 85 |
| | 31 |
| | 334 |
| | 450 |
|
Paid guaranteed benefits | (15 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (15 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 215 |
| | $ | 299 |
| | $ | 1,368 |
| | $ | 1,882 |
|
Net | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2011 | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 184 |
| | $ | 239 |
| | $ | 426 |
|
Incurred guaranteed benefits | 25 |
| | 86 |
| | 30 |
| | 141 |
|
Paid guaranteed benefits | (4 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (4 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2011 | 24 |
| | 270 |
| | 269 |
| | 563 |
|
Incurred guaranteed benefits | 52 |
| | 273 |
| | 65 |
| | 390 |
|
Paid guaranteed benefits | (4 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (4 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2012 | 72 |
| | 543 |
| | 334 |
| | 949 |
|
Incurred guaranteed benefits | 70 |
| | 96 |
| | 81 |
| | 247 |
|
Paid guaranteed benefits | (2 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (2 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 140 |
| | $ | 639 |
| | $ | 415 |
| | $ | 1,194 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
4. Insurance (continued)
Account balances of contracts with insurance guarantees were invested in separate account asset classes as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Fund Groupings: | | | |
Equity | $ | 46,559 |
| | $ | 39,113 |
|
Balanced | 41,894 |
| | 37,528 |
|
Bond | 4,270 |
| | 4,678 |
|
Money Market | 789 |
| | 879 |
|
Total | $ | 93,512 |
| | $ | 82,198 |
|
Based on the type of guarantee, the Company defines net amount at risk (“NAR”) as listed below.
Variable Annuity Guarantees
In the Event of Death
Defined as the death benefit less the total contract account value, as of the balance sheet date. It represents the amount of the claim that the Company would incur if death claims were filed on all contracts on the balance sheet date and includes any additional contractual claims associated with riders purchased to assist with covering income taxes payable upon death.
At Annuitization
Defined as the amount (if any) that would be required to be added to the total contract account value to purchase a lifetime income stream, based on current annuity rates, equal to the minimum amount provided under the guaranteed benefit. This amount represents the Company’s potential economic exposure to such guarantees in the event all contractholders were to annuitize on the balance sheet date, even though the contracts contain terms that allow annuitization of the guaranteed amount only after the 10th anniversary of the contract, which not all contractholders have achieved.
Universal and Variable Life Contracts
Defined as the guarantee amount less the account value, as of the balance sheet date. It represents the amount of the claim that the Company would incur if death claims were filed on all contracts on the balance sheet date.
The amounts in the table below include direct business, but exclude offsets from hedging or reinsurance, if any. See Note 6 for a discussion of certain living and death benefit guarantees which have been reinsured. Therefore, the NARs presented below reflect the economic exposures of living and death benefit guarantees associated with variable annuities, but not necessarily their impact on the Company.
Information regarding the types of guarantees relating to annuity contracts and universal and variable life contracts was as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| In the Event of Death | | At Annuitization | | In the Event of Death | | At Annuitization |
| (In millions) |
Annuity Contracts (1) | | | | | | | |
Variable Annuity Guarantees | | | | | | | |
Total contract account value | $ | 100,420 |
| | $ | 57,041 |
| | $ | 89,671 |
| | $ | 51,411 |
|
Separate account value | $ | 95,637 |
| | $ | 55,805 |
| | $ | 84,106 |
| | $ | 49,778 |
|
Net amount at risk | $ | 2,230 |
| | $ | 562 |
| | $ | 3,117 |
| | $ | 2,316 |
|
Average attained age of contractholders | 64 years |
| | 64 years |
| | 63 years |
| | 63 years |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
4. Insurance (continued)
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| Secondary Guarantees |
| (In millions) |
Universal and Variable Life Contracts (1) | | | |
Account value (general and separate account) | $ | 6,360 |
| | $ | 5,812 |
|
Net amount at risk | $ | 91,264 |
| | $ | 86,468 |
|
Average attained age of policyholders | 58 years |
| | 58 years |
|
______________
| |
(1) | The Company’s annuity and life contracts with guarantees may offer more than one type of guarantee in each contract. Therefore, the amounts listed above may not be mutually exclusive. |
Obligations Under Funding Agreements
The Company issues fixed and floating rate funding agreements, which are denominated in either U.S. dollars or foreign currencies, to certain special purpose entities (“SPEs”) that have issued either debt securities or commercial paper for which payment of interest and principal is secured by such funding agreements. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company issued $10.9 billion, $10.3 billion and $12.5 billion, respectively, and repaid $11.7 billion, $9.6 billion and $13.4 billion, respectively, of such funding agreements. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, liabilities for funding agreements outstanding, which are included in PABs, were $5.3 billion and $6.1 billion, respectively.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and MLI-USA, are members of regional banks in the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system (“FHLBanks”). Holdings of common stock of FHLBanks, included in equity securities, were as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
FHLB of Boston | $ | 64 |
| | $ | 67 |
|
FHLB of Pittsburgh | $ | 20 |
| | $ | 11 |
|
The Company has also entered into funding agreements with FHLBanks and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation, a federally chartered instrumentality of the U.S. (“Farmer Mac”). The liability for such funding agreements is included in PABs. Information related to such funding agreements was as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Liability | | Collateral | |
| December 31, | |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
FHLB of Boston (1) | $ | 450 |
| | $ | 450 |
| | $ | 808 |
| (2) | | $ | 537 |
| (2) |
Farmer Mac (3) | $ | 200 |
| | $ | 200 |
| | $ | 230 |
| | | $ | 230 |
| |
FHLB of Pittsburgh (1) | $ | 200 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 602 |
| (2) | | $ | 595 |
| (2) |
______________
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
4. Insurance (continued)
| |
(1) | Represents funding agreements issued to the applicable FHLBank in exchange for cash and for which such FHLBank has been granted a lien on certain assets, some of which are in the custody of such FHLBank, including residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), to collateralize obligations under advances evidenced by funding agreements. The Company is permitted to withdraw any portion of the collateral in the custody of such FHLBank as long as there is no event of default and the remaining qualified collateral is sufficient to satisfy the collateral maintenance level. Upon any event of default by the Company, such FHLBank’s recovery on the collateral is limited to the amount of the Company’s liability to such FHLBank. |
| |
(2) | Advances are collateralized by mortgage-backed securities. The amount of collateral presented is at estimated fair value. |
| |
(3) | Represents funding agreements issued to certain SPEs that have issued debt securities for which payment of interest and principal is secured by such funding agreements, and such debt securities are also guaranteed as to payment of interest and principal by Farmer Mac. The obligations under these funding agreements are secured by a pledge of certain eligible agricultural real estate mortgage loans and may, under certain circumstances, be secured by other qualified collateral. The amount of collateral presented is at carrying value. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
4. Insurance (continued)
Liabilities for Unpaid Claims and Claim Expenses
Information regarding the liabilities for unpaid claims and claim expenses relating to group accident and non-medical health policies and contracts, which are reported in future policy benefits and other policy-related balances, was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Balance at January 1, | $ | 1,216 |
| | $ | 1,079 |
| | $ | 978 |
|
Less: Reinsurance recoverables | 1,124 |
| | 980 |
| | 878 |
|
Net balance at January 1, | 92 |
| | 99 |
| | 100 |
|
Incurred related to: | | | | | |
Current year | 5 |
| | 5 |
| | 5 |
|
Prior years (1) | 4 |
| | (2 | ) | | 4 |
|
Total incurred | 9 |
| | 3 |
| | 9 |
|
Paid related to: | | | | | |
Current year | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Prior years | (11 | ) | | (10 | ) | | (10 | ) |
Total paid | (11 | ) | | (10 | ) | | (10 | ) |
Net balance at December 31, | 90 |
| | 92 |
| | 99 |
|
Add: Reinsurance recoverables | 1,235 |
| | 1,124 |
| | 980 |
|
Balance at December 31, | $ | 1,325 |
| | $ | 1,216 |
| | $ | 1,079 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | During 2013, 2012 and 2011, claims and claim adjustment expenses associated with prior years changed due to differences between the actual benefits paid and expected benefits owed during those periods. |
Separate Accounts
Separate account assets and liabilities primarily include pass-through separate accounts totaling $97.6 billion and $85.9 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, for which the policyholder assumes all investment risk.
For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, there were no investment gains (losses) on transfers of assets from the general account to the separate accounts.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
5. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Value of Business Acquired and Other Policy-Related Intangibles
See Note 1 for a description of capitalized acquisition costs.
Nonparticipating and Non-Dividend-Paying Traditional Contracts
The Company amortizes DAC and VOBA related to these contracts (primarily term insurance) over the appropriate premium paying period in proportion to the historic actual and expected future gross premiums that were set at contract issue. The expected premiums are based upon the premium requirement of each policy and assumptions for mortality, persistency and investment returns at policy issuance, or policy acquisition (as it relates to VOBA), include provisions for adverse deviation, and are consistent with the assumptions used to calculate future policyholder benefit liabilities. These assumptions are not revised after policy issuance or acquisition unless the DAC or VOBA balance is deemed to be unrecoverable from future expected profits. Absent a premium deficiency, variability in amortization after policy issuance or acquisition is caused only by variability in premium volumes.
Participating, Dividend-Paying Traditional Contracts
The Company amortizes DAC related to these contracts over the estimated lives of the contracts in proportion to actual and expected future gross margins. The amortization includes interest based on rates in effect at inception or acquisition of the contracts. The future gross margins are dependent principally on investment returns, policyholder dividend scales, mortality, persistency, expenses to administer the business, creditworthiness of reinsurance counterparties and certain economic variables, such as inflation. Of these factors, the Company anticipates that investment returns, expenses, persistency and other factor changes, as well as policyholder dividend scales are reasonably likely to impact significantly the rate of DAC amortization. Each reporting period, the Company updates the estimated gross margins with the actual gross margins for that period. When the actual gross margins change from previously estimated gross margins, the cumulative DAC amortization is re-estimated and adjusted by a cumulative charge or credit to current operations. When actual gross margins exceed those previously estimated, the DAC amortization will increase, resulting in a current period charge to earnings. The opposite result occurs when the actual gross margins are below the previously estimated gross margins. Each reporting period, the Company also updates the actual amount of business in-force, which impacts expected future gross margins. When expected future gross margins are below those previously estimated, the DAC amortization will increase, resulting in a current period charge to earnings. The opposite result occurs when the expected future gross margins are above the previously estimated expected future gross margins. Each period, the Company also reviews the estimated gross margins for each block of business to determine the recoverability of DAC balances.
Fixed and Variable Universal Life Contracts and Fixed and Variable Deferred Annuity Contracts
The Company amortizes DAC and VOBA related to these contracts over the estimated lives of the contracts in proportion to actual and expected future gross profits. The amortization includes interest based on rates in effect at inception or acquisition of the contracts. The amount of future gross profits is dependent principally upon returns in excess of the amounts credited to policyholders, mortality, persistency, interest crediting rates, expenses to administer the business, creditworthiness of reinsurance counterparties, the effect of any hedges used and certain economic variables, such as inflation. Of these factors, the Company anticipates that investment returns, expenses and persistency are reasonably likely to impact significantly the rate of DAC and VOBA amortization. Each reporting period, the Company updates the estimated gross profits with the actual gross profits for that period. When the actual gross profits change from previously estimated gross profits, the cumulative DAC and VOBA amortization is re-estimated and adjusted by a cumulative charge or credit to current operations. When actual gross profits exceed those previously estimated, the DAC and VOBA amortization will increase, resulting in a current period charge to earnings. The opposite result occurs when the actual gross profits are below the previously estimated gross profits. Each reporting period, the Company also updates the actual amount of business remaining in-force, which impacts expected future gross profits. When expected future gross profits are below those previously estimated, the DAC and VOBA amortization will increase, resulting in a current period charge to earnings. The opposite result occurs when the expected future gross profits are above the previously estimated expected future gross profits. Each period, the Company also reviews the estimated gross profits for each block of business to determine the recoverability of DAC and VOBA balances.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
5. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Value of Business Acquired and Other Policy-Related Intangibles (continued)
Factors Impacting Amortization
Separate account rates of return on variable universal life contracts and variable deferred annuity contracts affect in-force account balances on such contracts each reporting period, which can result in significant fluctuations in amortization of DAC and VOBA. Returns that are higher than the Company’s long-term expectation produce higher account balances, which increases the Company’s future fee expectations and decreases future benefit payment expectations on minimum death and living benefit guarantees, resulting in higher expected future gross profits. The opposite result occurs when returns are lower than the Company’s long-term expectation. The Company’s practice to determine the impact of gross profits resulting from returns on separate accounts assumes that long-term appreciation in equity markets is not changed by short-term market fluctuations, but is only changed when sustained interim deviations are expected. The Company monitors these events and only changes the assumption when its long-term expectation changes.
The Company also periodically reviews other long-term assumptions underlying the projections of estimated gross margins and profits. These assumptions primarily relate to investment returns, policyholder dividend scales, interest crediting rates, mortality, persistency and expenses to administer business. Management annually updates assumptions used in the calculation of estimated gross margins and profits which may have significantly changed. If the update of assumptions causes expected future gross margins and profits to increase, DAC and VOBA amortization will decrease, resulting in a current period increase to earnings. The opposite result occurs when the assumption update causes expected future gross margins and profits to decrease.
Periodically, the Company modifies product benefits, features, rights or coverages that occur by the exchange of a contract for a new contract, or by amendment, endorsement, or rider to a contract, or by election or coverage within a contract. If such modification, referred to as an internal replacement, substantially changes the contract, the associated DAC or VOBA is written off immediately through income and any new deferrable costs associated with the replacement contract are deferred. If the modification does not substantially change the contract, the DAC or VOBA amortization on the original contract will continue and any acquisition costs associated with the related modification are expensed.
Amortization of DAC and VOBA is attributed to net investment gains (losses) and net derivative gains (losses), and to other expenses for the amount of gross margins or profits originating from transactions other than investment gains and losses. Unrealized investment gains and losses represent the amount of DAC and VOBA that would have been amortized if such gains and losses had been recognized.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
5. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Value of Business Acquired and Other Policy-Related Intangibles (continued)
Information regarding DAC and VOBA was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
DAC | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, | $ | 3,079 |
| | $ | 3,215 |
| | $ | 2,718 |
|
Capitalizations | 504 |
| | 886 |
| | 1,365 |
|
Amortization related to: | | | | | |
Net investment gains (losses) and net derivative gains (losses) | 484 |
| | (331 | ) | | (339 | ) |
Other expenses | (404 | ) | | (513 | ) | | (477 | ) |
Total amortization | 80 |
| | (844 | ) | | (816 | ) |
Unrealized investment gains (losses) | 80 |
| | (19 | ) | | (49 | ) |
Disposition and other (1), (2) | 138 |
|
| (159 | ) |
| (3 | ) |
Balance at December 31, | 3,881 |
| | 3,079 |
| | 3,215 |
|
VOBA | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, | 667 |
| | 1,006 |
| | 1,686 |
|
Amortization related to: | | | | | |
Net investment gains (losses) and net derivative gains (losses) | 5 |
| | — |
| | (29 | ) |
Other expenses | (135 | ) | | (191 | ) | | (314 | ) |
Total amortization | (130 | ) | | (191 | ) | | (343 | ) |
Unrealized investment gains (losses) | 312 |
| | (148 | ) | | (337 | ) |
Balance at December 31, | 849 |
| | 667 |
| | 1,006 |
|
Total DAC and VOBA | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, | $ | 4,730 |
| | $ | 3,746 |
| | $ | 4,221 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | The year ended December 31, 2013 includes $138 million that was reclassified to DAC from premiums, reinsurance and other receivables. The amounts reclassified relate to an affiliated reinsurance agreement accounted for using the deposit method of accounting and represent the DAC amortization on the expense allowances ceded on the agreement from inception. These amounts were previously included in the calculated value of the deposit receivable on this agreement and recorded within premiums, reinsurance and other receivables. |
| |
(2) | See Note 3 for information on the disposition of a subsidiary. |
Information regarding total DAC and VOBA by segment, as well as Corporate & Other, was as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Retail | $ | 4,698 |
| | $ | 3,738 |
|
Corporate Benefit Funding | 6 |
| | 8 |
|
Corporate & Other | 26 |
| | — |
|
Total | $ | 4,730 |
| | $ | 3,746 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
5. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Value of Business Acquired and Other Policy-Related Intangibles (continued)
Information regarding other policy-related intangibles was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Deferred Sales Inducements | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, | $ | 509 |
| | $ | 535 |
| | $ | 537 |
|
Capitalization | 6 |
| | 21 |
| | 79 |
|
Amortization | (32 | ) | | (47 | ) | | (81 | ) |
Balance at December 31, | $ | 483 |
| | $ | 509 |
| | $ | 535 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
VODA and VOCRA | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, | $ | 175 |
| | $ | 190 |
| | $ | 203 |
|
Amortization | (16 | ) | | (15 | ) | | (13 | ) |
Balance at December 31, | $ | 159 |
| | $ | 175 |
| | $ | 190 |
|
Accumulated amortization | $ | 81 |
| | $ | 65 |
| | $ | 50 |
|
The estimated future amortization expense to be reported in other expenses for the next five years is as follows:
|
| | | | | | | |
| VOBA | | VODA and VOCRA |
| (In millions) |
2014 | $ | 176 |
| | $ | 17 |
|
2015 | $ | 141 |
| | $ | 17 |
|
2016 | $ | 114 |
| | $ | 15 |
|
2017 | $ | 94 |
| | $ | 14 |
|
2018 | $ | 78 |
| | $ | 13 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
6. Reinsurance
The Company enters into reinsurance agreements primarily as a purchaser of reinsurance for its various insurance products and also as a provider of reinsurance for some insurance products issued by affiliated and unaffiliated companies. The Company participates in reinsurance activities in order to limit losses, minimize exposure to significant risks and provide additional capacity for future growth.
Accounting for reinsurance requires extensive use of assumptions and estimates, particularly related to the future performance of the underlying business and the potential impact of counterparty credit risks. The Company periodically reviews actual and anticipated experience compared to the aforementioned assumptions used to establish assets and liabilities relating to ceded and assumed reinsurance and evaluates the financial strength of counterparties to its reinsurance agreements using criteria similar to that evaluated in the security impairment process discussed in Note 7.
Retail
The Company’s Retail Annuities business reinsures 100% of the living and death benefit guarantees issued in connection with most of its variable annuities issued since 2006 to an affiliated reinsurer and certain portions of the living and death benefit guarantees issued in connection with its variable annuities issued prior to 2006 to affiliated and unaffiliated reinsurers. Under these reinsurance agreements, the Company pays a reinsurance premium generally based on fees associated with the guarantees collected from policyholders, and receives reimbursement for benefits paid or accrued in excess of account values, subject to certain limitations. The Company also reinsures 90% of its fixed annuities to an affiliated reinsurer. The value of the embedded derivatives on the ceded risk is determined using a methodology consistent with the guarantees directly written by the Company with the exception of the input for nonperformance risk that reflects the credit of the reinsurer.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
6. Reinsurance (continued)
For its Retail Life & Other insurance products, the Company has historically reinsured the mortality risk primarily on an excess of retention basis or on a quota share basis. The Company currently reinsures 100% of the mortality risk in excess of $100,000 per life for most new policies and reinsures up to 100% of the mortality risk for certain other policies. In addition to reinsuring mortality risk as described above, the Company reinsures other risks, as well as specific coverages. Placement of reinsurance is done primarily on an automatic basis and also on a facultative basis for risks with specified characteristics. The Company also reinsures the risk associated with secondary death benefit guarantees on certain universal life insurance policies to affiliates. The Company evaluates its reinsurance programs routinely and may increase or decrease its retention at any time.
Corporate Benefit Funding
The Company’s Corporate Benefit Funding segment has periodically engaged in reinsurance activities, on an opportunistic basis. The impact of these activities on the financial results of this segment has not been significant and there were no additional transactions during the periods presented.
Corporate & Other
The Company also reinsures, through 100% quota share reinsurance agreements, certain run-off LTC and workers’ compensation business written by the Company.
Catastrophe Coverage
The Company has exposure to catastrophes, which could contribute to significant fluctuations in the Company’s results of operations. The Company uses excess of retention and quota share reinsurance agreements to provide greater diversification of risk and minimize exposure to larger risks.
Reinsurance Recoverables
The Company reinsures its business through a diversified group of well-capitalized reinsurers. The Company analyzes recent trends in arbitration and litigation outcomes in disputes, if any, with its reinsurers. The Company monitors ratings and evaluates the financial strength of its reinsurers by analyzing their financial statements. In addition, the reinsurance recoverable balance due from each reinsurer is evaluated as part of the overall monitoring process. Recoverability of reinsurance recoverable balances is evaluated based on these analyses. The Company generally secures large reinsurance recoverable balances with various forms of collateral, including secured trusts, funds withheld accounts and irrevocable letters of credit. These reinsurance recoverable balances are stated net of allowances for uncollectible reinsurance, which at December 31, 2013 and 2012, were not significant.
The Company has secured certain reinsurance recoverable balances with various forms of collateral, including secured trusts, funds withheld accounts and irrevocable letters of credit. The Company had $2.0 billion and $2.2 billion of unsecured unaffiliated reinsurance recoverable balances at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
At December 31, 2013, the Company had $7.5 billion of net unaffiliated ceded reinsurance recoverables. Of this total, $6.7 billion, or 89%, were with the Company’s five largest unaffiliated ceded reinsurers, including $1.2 billion of net unaffiliated ceded reinsurance recoverables which were unsecured. At December 31, 2012, the Company had $7.2 billion of net unaffiliated ceded reinsurance recoverables. Of this total, $6.5 billion, or 90%, were with the Company’s five largest unaffiliated ceded reinsurers, including $1.4 billion of net unaffiliated ceded reinsurance recoverables which were unsecured.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
6. Reinsurance (continued)
The amounts in the consolidated statements of operations include the impact of reinsurance. Information regarding the significant effects of reinsurance was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 |
| 2012 |
| 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Premiums |
|
|
|
|
|
Direct premiums | $ | 1,561 |
|
| $ | 2,063 |
|
| $ | 2,429 |
|
Reinsurance assumed | 10 |
|
| 11 |
|
| 7 |
|
Reinsurance ceded | (965 | ) |
| (813 | ) |
| (608 | ) |
Net premiums | $ | 606 |
|
| $ | 1,261 |
|
| $ | 1,828 |
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees |
|
|
|
|
|
Direct universal life and investment-type product policy fees | $ | 3,248 |
|
| $ | 2,972 |
|
| $ | 2,572 |
|
Reinsurance assumed | 84 |
|
| 87 |
|
| 92 |
|
Reinsurance ceded | (996 | ) |
| (798 | ) |
| (708 | ) |
Net universal life and investment-type product policy fees | $ | 2,336 |
|
| $ | 2,261 |
|
| $ | 1,956 |
|
Other revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
Direct other revenues | $ | 259 |
|
| $ | 231 |
|
| $ | 209 |
|
Reinsurance assumed | — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
Reinsurance ceded | 333 |
|
| 280 |
|
| 299 |
|
Net other revenues | $ | 592 |
|
| $ | 511 |
|
| $ | 508 |
|
Policyholder benefits and claims |
|
|
|
|
|
Direct policyholder benefits and claims | $ | 3,732 |
|
| $ | 4,139 |
|
| $ | 4,277 |
|
Reinsurance assumed | 15 |
|
| 23 |
|
| 20 |
|
Reinsurance ceded | (2,040 | ) |
| (1,773 | ) |
| (1,637 | ) |
Net policyholder benefits and claims | $ | 1,707 |
|
| $ | 2,389 |
|
| $ | 2,660 |
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances |
|
|
|
|
|
Direct interest credited to policyholder account balances | $ | 1,089 |
|
| $ | 1,185 |
|
| $ | 1,206 |
|
Reinsurance assumed | 73 |
|
| 71 |
|
| 68 |
|
Reinsurance ceded | (125 | ) |
| (109 | ) |
| (85 | ) |
Net interest credited to policyholder account balances | $ | 1,037 |
|
| $ | 1,147 |
|
| $ | 1,189 |
|
Other expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
Direct other expenses | $ | 1,568 |
|
| $ | 2,562 |
|
| $ | 2,781 |
|
Reinsurance assumed | 28 |
|
| 33 |
|
| 48 |
|
Reinsurance ceded | 63 |
|
| 125 |
|
| 152 |
|
Net other expenses | $ | 1,659 |
|
| $ | 2,720 |
|
| $ | 2,981 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
6. Reinsurance (continued)
The amounts in the consolidated balance sheets include the impact of reinsurance. Information regarding the significant effects of reinsurance was as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 |
| 2012 |
| Direct |
| Assumed |
| Ceded |
| Total Balance Sheet |
| Direct |
| Assumed |
| Ceded |
| Total Balance Sheet |
| (In millions) |
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables | $ | 221 |
|
| $ | 28 |
|
| $ | 20,360 |
|
| $ | 20,609 |
|
| $ | 396 |
|
| $ | 35 |
|
| $ | 21,496 |
|
| $ | 21,927 |
|
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired | 5,191 |
|
| 123 |
|
| (584 | ) |
| 4,730 |
|
| 4,264 |
|
| 121 |
|
| (639 | ) |
| 3,746 |
|
Total assets | $ | 5,412 |
|
| $ | 151 |
|
| $ | 19,776 |
|
| $ | 25,339 |
|
| $ | 4,660 |
|
| $ | 156 |
|
| $ | 20,857 |
|
| $ | 25,673 |
|
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other policy-related balances | $ | 712 |
|
| $ | 1,641 |
|
| $ | 811 |
|
| $ | 3,164 |
|
| $ | 691 |
|
| $ | 1,592 |
|
| $ | 855 |
|
| $ | 3,138 |
|
Other liabilities | 1,257 |
|
| 10 |
|
| 5,509 |
|
| 6,776 |
|
| 1,396 |
|
| 11 |
|
| 5,140 |
|
| 6,547 |
|
Total liabilities | $ | 1,969 |
|
| $ | 1,651 |
|
| $ | 6,320 |
|
| $ | 9,940 |
|
| $ | 2,087 |
|
| $ | 1,603 |
|
| $ | 5,995 |
|
| $ | 9,685 |
|
Reinsurance agreements that do not expose the Company to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk are recorded using the deposit method of accounting. The deposit assets on reinsurance were $4.6 billion and $4.7 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. There were no deposit liabilities on reinsurance at both December 31, 2013 and 2012.
Related Party Reinsurance Transactions
The Company has reinsurance agreements with certain MetLife subsidiaries, including MLIC, MetLife Reinsurance Company of South Carolina, Exeter, General American Life Insurance Company, MLIIC, MetLife Reinsurance Company of Vermont and MetLife Reinsurance Company of Delaware (“MRD”), all of which are related parties.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
6. Reinsurance (continued)
Information regarding the significant effects of affiliated reinsurance included in the consolidated statements of operations was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 |
| 2012 |
| 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Premiums |
|
|
|
|
|
Reinsurance assumed | $ | 10 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | $ | 7 |
|
Reinsurance ceded | (638 | ) | | (478 | ) | | (286 | ) |
Net premiums | $ | (628 | ) | | $ | (467 | ) | | $ | (279 | ) |
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees | | | | | |
Reinsurance assumed | $ | 84 |
| | $ | 87 |
| | $ | 92 |
|
Reinsurance ceded | (585 | ) | | (444 | ) | | (400 | ) |
Net universal life and investment-type product policy fees | $ | (501 | ) | | $ | (357 | ) | | $ | (308 | ) |
Other revenues |
| |
| |
|
Reinsurance assumed | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Reinsurance ceded | 332 |
| | 280 |
| | 299 |
|
Net other revenues | $ | 332 |
| | $ | 280 |
| | $ | 299 |
|
Policyholder benefits and claims |
| |
| |
|
Reinsurance assumed | $ | 13 |
| | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 18 |
|
Reinsurance ceded | (800 | ) | | (780 | ) | | (484 | ) |
Net policyholder benefits and claims | $ | (787 | ) | | $ | (759 | ) | | $ | (466 | ) |
Interest credited to policyholder account balances | | | | | |
Reinsurance assumed | $ | 73 |
| | $ | 71 |
| | $ | 68 |
|
Reinsurance ceded | (125 | ) | | (109 | ) | | (84 | ) |
Net interest credited to policyholder account balances | $ | (52 | ) | | $ | (38 | ) | | $ | (16 | ) |
Other expenses | | | | | |
Reinsurance assumed | $ | 28 |
| | $ | 33 |
| | $ | 48 |
|
Reinsurance ceded | 92 |
| | 157 |
| | 204 |
|
Net other expenses | $ | 120 |
| | $ | 190 |
| | $ | 252 |
|
Information regarding the significant effects of affiliated reinsurance included in the consolidated balance sheets was as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 |
| 2012 |
| Assumed |
| Ceded |
| Assumed |
| Ceded |
| (In millions) |
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables | $ | 28 |
|
| $ | 12,710 |
| | $ | 35 |
| | $ | 14,171 |
|
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired | 122 |
|
| (579 | ) | | 121 |
| | (642 | ) |
Total assets | $ | 150 |
| | $ | 12,131 |
| | $ | 156 |
| | $ | 13,529 |
|
Liabilities | | | | | | | |
Other policy-related balances | $ | 1,640 |
|
| $ | 811 |
| | $ | 1,592 |
| | $ | 855 |
|
Other liabilities | 9 |
|
| 5,260 |
| | 10 |
| | 4,894 |
|
Total liabilities | $ | 1,649 |
|
| $ | 6,071 |
|
| $ | 1,602 |
|
| $ | 5,749 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
6. Reinsurance (continued)
Effective October 1, 2012, MLI-USA entered into a reinsurance agreement to cede two blocks of business to MRD, on a 90% coinsurance with funds withheld basis. The agreement covers certain term and certain universal life policies issued in 2012 by MLI-USA and was amended in 2013 to include certain term and universal life policies issued by MLI-USA through December 31, 2013. The agreement transfers risk to MRD and, therefore, is accounted for as reinsurance. As a result of the agreement, affiliated reinsurance recoverables, included in premiums, reinsurance and other receivables, were $917 million and $407 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. MLI-USA also recorded a funds withheld liability and other reinsurance payables, included in other liabilities, which were $798 million and $438 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Certain contractual features of this agreement qualify as embedded derivatives, which are separately accounted for at fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The embedded derivative related to the funds withheld associated with this reinsurance agreement is included within other liabilities and was ($14) million and $6 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company’s consolidated statements of operations reflected a loss for this agreement of $50 million and $37 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, which included net derivative gains (losses) of $20 million and ($6) million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, related to the embedded derivative.
The Company ceded risks to affiliates related to guaranteed minimum benefit guarantees written directly by the Company. These ceded reinsurance agreements contain embedded derivatives and changes in their fair value are also included within net derivative gains (losses). The embedded derivatives associated with the cessions are included within premiums, reinsurance and other receivables and were assets of $912 million and $3.6 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Net derivative gains (losses) associated with the embedded derivatives were ($3.0) billion, $524 million, and $1.6 billion for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
MLI-USA ceded two blocks of business to an affiliate on a 90% coinsurance with funds withheld basis. Certain contractual features of this agreement qualify as embedded derivatives, which are separately accounted for at estimated fair value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The embedded derivative related to the funds withheld associated with this reinsurance agreement is included within other liabilities and increased the funds withheld balance by $48 million and $546 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Net derivative gains (losses) associated with the embedded derivatives were $498 million, ($107) million and ($434) million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
The Company has secured certain reinsurance recoverable balances with various forms of collateral, including secured trusts, funds withheld accounts and irrevocable letters of credit. The Company had $5.9 billion and $6.1 billion of unsecured affiliated reinsurance recoverable balances at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Affiliated reinsurance agreements that do not expose the Company to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk are recorded using the deposit method of accounting. The deposit assets on affiliated reinsurance were $4.4 billion and $4.6 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. There were no deposit liabilities on affiliated reinsurance at both December 31, 2013 and 2012.
7. Investments
See Note 9 for information about the fair value hierarchy for investments and the related valuation methodologies.
Investment Risks and Uncertainties
Investments are exposed to the following primary sources of risk: credit, interest rate, liquidity, market valuation, currency and real estate risk. The financial statement risks, stemming from such investment risks, are those associated with the determination of estimated fair values, the diminished ability to sell certain investments in times of strained market conditions, the recognition of impairments, the recognition of income on certain investments and the potential consolidation of VIEs. The use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs relating to these financial statement risks may have a material effect on the amounts presented within the consolidated financial statements.
The determination of valuation allowances and impairments is highly subjective and is based upon periodic evaluations and assessments of known and inherent risks associated with the respective asset class. Such evaluations and assessments are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available.
The recognition of income on certain investments (e.g. structured securities, including mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and certain structured investment transactions) is dependent upon certain factors such as prepayments and defaults, and changes in such factors could result in changes in amounts to be earned.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities AFS
Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities AFS by Sector
The following table presents the fixed maturity and equity securities AFS by sector. Redeemable preferred stock is reported within U.S. corporate and foreign corporate fixed maturity securities and non-redeemable preferred stock is reported within equity securities. Included within fixed maturity securities are structured securities including RMBS, ABS and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”).
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 |
| Cost or Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized | | Estimated Fair Value | | Cost or Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized | | Estimated Fair Value |
| | Gains | | Temporary Losses | | OTTI Losses | | Gains | | Temporary Losses | | OTTI Losses | |
| | | | | | | | | (In millions) | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. corporate | $ | 15,779 |
| | $ | 1,130 |
| | $ | 207 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 16,702 |
| | $ | 16,914 |
| | $ | 2,063 |
| | $ | 82 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 18,895 |
|
Foreign corporate | 8,111 |
| | 485 |
| | 79 |
| | — |
| | 8,517 |
| | 8,618 |
| | 853 |
| | 26 |
| | — |
| | 9,445 |
|
U.S. Treasury and agency | 8,188 |
| | 334 |
| | 228 |
| | — |
| | 8,294 |
| | 7,678 |
| | 1,186 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 8,864 |
|
RMBS | 4,587 |
| | 201 |
| | 59 |
| | 41 |
| | 4,688 |
| | 5,492 |
| | 360 |
| | 50 |
| | 64 |
| | 5,738 |
|
State and political subdivision | 2,147 |
| | 139 |
| | 62 |
| | — |
| | 2,224 |
| | 2,002 |
| | 354 |
| | 27 |
| | — |
| | 2,329 |
|
ABS | 2,081 |
| | 32 |
| | 12 |
| | — |
| | 2,101 |
| | 2,204 |
| | 67 |
| | 18 |
| | — |
| | 2,253 |
|
CMBS | 1,546 |
| | 62 |
| | 4 |
| | — |
| | 1,604 |
| | 2,221 |
| | 141 |
| | 6 |
| | — |
| | 2,356 |
|
Foreign government | 1,038 |
| | 103 |
| | 19 |
| | — |
| | 1,122 |
| | 876 |
| | 214 |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | 1,088 |
|
Total fixed maturity securities | $ | 43,477 |
| | $ | 2,486 |
| | $ | 670 |
| | $ | 41 |
| | $ | 45,252 |
| | $ | 46,005 |
| | $ | 5,238 |
| | $ | 211 |
| | $ | 64 |
| | $ | 50,968 |
|
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-redeemable preferred stock | $ | 236 |
| | $ | 9 |
| | $ | 28 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 217 |
| | $ | 151 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | $ | 22 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 140 |
|
Common stock | 161 |
| | 40 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 201 |
| | 160 |
| | 18 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 177 |
|
Total equity securities | $ | 397 |
| | $ | 49 |
| | $ | 28 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 418 |
| | $ | 311 |
| | $ | 29 |
| | $ | 23 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 317 |
|
The Company held non-income producing fixed maturity securities with an estimated fair value of $30 million and $22 million with unrealized gains (losses) of $6 million and $3 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Methodology for Amortization of Premium and Accretion of Discount on Structured Securities
Amortization of premium and accretion of discount on structured securities considers the estimated timing and amount of prepayments of the underlying loans. Actual prepayment experience is periodically reviewed and effective yields are recalculated when differences arise between the originally anticipated and the actual prepayments received and currently anticipated. Prepayment assumptions for single class and multi-class mortgage-backed and ABS are estimated using inputs obtained from third-party specialists and based on management’s knowledge of the current market. For credit-sensitive mortgage-backed and ABS and certain prepayment-sensitive securities, the effective yield is recalculated on a prospective basis. For all other mortgage-backed and ABS, the effective yield is recalculated on a retrospective basis.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities, by contractual maturity date, were as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| Amortized Cost | | Estimated Fair Value | | Amortized Cost | | Estimated Fair Value |
| (In millions) |
Due in one year or less | $ | 2,934 |
| | $ | 2,966 |
| | $ | 4,831 |
| | $ | 4,875 |
|
Due after one year through five years | 8,895 |
| | 9,301 |
| | 8,646 |
| | 9,192 |
|
Due after five years through ten years | 7,433 |
| | 7,970 |
| | 7,967 |
| | 8,960 |
|
Due after ten years | 16,001 |
| | 16,622 |
| | 14,644 |
| | 17,594 |
|
Subtotal | 35,263 |
| | 36,859 |
| | 36,088 |
| | 40,621 |
|
Structured securities (RMBS, ABS and CMBS) | 8,214 |
| | 8,393 |
| | 9,917 |
| | 10,347 |
|
Total fixed maturity securities | $ | 43,477 |
| | $ | 45,252 |
| | $ | 46,005 |
| | $ | 50,968 |
|
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to the exercise of call or prepayment options. Fixed maturity securities not due at a single maturity date have been presented in the year of final contractual maturity. RMBS, ABS and CMBS are shown separately, as they are not due at a single maturity.
Continuous Gross Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities AFS by Sector
The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity and equity securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by sector and by length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 |
| Less than 12 Months | | Equal to or Greater than 12 Months | | Less than 12 Months | | Equal to or Greater than 12 Months |
| Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses |
| (In millions, except number of securities) |
Fixed maturity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. corporate | $ | 2,526 |
| | $ | 141 |
| | $ | 470 |
| | $ | 66 |
| | $ | 784 |
| | $ | 16 |
| | $ | 621 |
| | $ | 66 |
|
Foreign corporate | 1,520 |
| | 70 |
| | 135 |
| | 9 |
| | 494 |
| | 8 |
| | 203 |
| | 18 |
|
U.S. Treasury and agency | 3,825 |
| | 228 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 200 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
RMBS | 996 |
| | 35 |
| | 457 |
| | 65 |
| | 62 |
| | 6 |
| | 781 |
| | 108 |
|
State and political subdivision | 630 |
| | 44 |
| | 64 |
| | 18 |
| | 44 |
| | 2 |
| | 55 |
| | 25 |
|
ABS | 680 |
| | 5 |
| | 104 |
| | 7 |
| | 208 |
| | 1 |
| | 266 |
| | 17 |
|
CMBS | 143 |
| | 4 |
| | 7 |
| | — |
| | 59 |
| | 1 |
| | 101 |
| | 5 |
|
Foreign government | 264 |
| | 19 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 116 |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Total fixed maturity securities | $ | 10,584 |
| | $ | 546 |
| | $ | 1,238 |
| | $ | 165 |
| | $ | 1,967 |
| | $ | 36 |
| | $ | 2,027 |
| | $ | 239 |
|
Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-redeemable preferred stock | $ | 105 |
| | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 33 |
| | $ | 7 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 50 |
| | $ | 22 |
|
Common stock | 3 |
| | — |
| | 7 |
| | — |
| | 10 |
| | 1 |
| | 7 |
| | — |
|
Total equity securities | $ | 108 |
| | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 40 |
| | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 10 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 57 |
| | $ | 22 |
|
Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position | 1,081 |
| | | | 297 |
| | | | 327 |
| | | | 420 |
| | |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Evaluation of AFS Securities for OTTI and Evaluating Temporarily Impaired AFS Securities
Evaluation and Measurement Methodologies
Management considers a wide range of factors about the security issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potential. Considerations used in the impairment evaluation process include, but are not limited to: (i) the length of time and the extent to which the estimated fair value has been below cost or amortized cost; (ii) the potential for impairments when the issuer is experiencing significant financial difficulties; (iii) the potential for impairments in an entire industry sector or sub-sector; (iv) the potential for impairments in certain economically depressed geographic locations; (v) the potential for impairments where the issuer, series of issuers or industry has suffered a catastrophic loss or has exhausted natural resources; (vi) with respect to fixed maturity securities, whether the Company has the intent to sell or will more likely than not be required to sell a particular security before the decline in estimated fair value below amortized cost recovers; (vii) with respect to structured securities, changes in forecasted cash flows after considering the quality of underlying collateral, expected prepayment speeds, current and forecasted loss severity, consideration of the payment terms of the underlying assets backing a particular security, and the payment priority within the tranche structure of the security; and (viii) other subjective factors, including concentrations and information obtained from regulators and rating agencies.
The methodology and significant inputs used to determine the amount of credit loss on fixed maturity securities are as follows:
| |
• | The Company calculates the recovery value by performing a discounted cash flow analysis based on the present value of future cash flows. The discount rate is generally the effective interest rate of the security prior to impairment. |
| |
• | When determining collectability and the period over which value is expected to recover, the Company applies considerations utilized in its overall impairment evaluation process which incorporates information regarding the specific security, fundamentals of the industry and geographic area in which the security issuer operates, and overall macroeconomic conditions. Projected future cash flows are estimated using assumptions derived from management’s best estimates of likely scenario-based outcomes after giving consideration to a variety of variables that include, but are not limited to: payment terms of the security; the likelihood that the issuer can service the interest and principal payments; the quality and amount of any credit enhancements; the security’s position within the capital structure of the issuer; possible corporate restructurings or asset sales by the issuer; and changes to the rating of the security or the issuer by rating agencies. |
| |
• | Additional considerations are made when assessing the unique features that apply to certain structured securities including, but not limited to: the quality of underlying collateral, expected prepayment speeds, current and forecasted loss severity, consideration of the payment terms of the underlying loans or assets backing a particular security, and the payment priority within the tranche structure of the security. |
| |
• | When determining the amount of the credit loss for U.S. and foreign corporate securities, foreign government securities and state and political subdivision securities, the estimated fair value is considered the recovery value when available information does not indicate that another value is more appropriate. When information is identified that indicates a recovery value other than estimated fair value, management considers in the determination of recovery value the same considerations utilized in its overall impairment evaluation process as described above, as well as any private and public sector programs to restructure such securities. |
With respect to securities that have attributes of debt and equity (perpetual hybrid securities), consideration is given in the OTTI analysis as to whether there has been any deterioration in the credit of the issuer and the likelihood of recovery in value of the securities that are in a severe and extended unrealized loss position. Consideration is also given as to whether any perpetual hybrid securities, with an unrealized loss, regardless of credit rating, have deferred any dividend payments. When an OTTI loss has occurred, the OTTI loss is the entire difference between the perpetual hybrid security’s cost and its estimated fair value with a corresponding charge to earnings.
The cost or amortized cost of fixed maturity and equity securities is adjusted for OTTI in the period in which the determination is made. The Company does not change the revised cost basis for subsequent recoveries in value.
In periods subsequent to the recognition of OTTI on a fixed maturity security, the Company accounts for the impaired security as if it had been purchased on the measurement date of the impairment. Accordingly, the discount (or reduced premium) based on the new cost basis is accreted over the remaining term of the fixed maturity security in a prospective manner based on the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Current Period Evaluation
Based on the Company’s current evaluation of its AFS securities in an unrealized loss position in accordance with its impairment policy, and the Company’s current intentions and assessments (as applicable to the type of security) about holding, selling and any requirements to sell these securities, the Company has concluded that these securities are not other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2013. Future OTTI will depend primarily on economic fundamentals, issuer performance (including changes in the present value of future cash flows expected to be collected), and changes in credit ratings, collateral valuation, interest rates and credit spreads. If economic fundamentals deteriorate or if there are adverse changes in the above factors, OTTI may be incurred in upcoming periods.
Gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities increased $436 million during the year ended December 31, 2013 from $275 million to $711 million. The increase in gross unrealized losses for the year ended December 31, 2013, was primarily attributable to an increase in interest rates, partially offset by narrowing credit spreads.
At December 31, 2013, $61 million of the total $711 million of gross unrealized losses were from 18 fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss position of 20% or more of amortized cost for six months or greater.
Investment Grade Fixed Maturity Securities
Of the $61 million of gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss of 20% or more of amortized cost for six months or greater, $41 million, or 67%, are related to gross unrealized losses on 13 investment grade fixed maturity securities. Unrealized losses on investment grade fixed maturity securities are principally related to widening credit spreads, and with respect to fixed-rate fixed maturity securities, rising interest rates since purchase.
Below Investment Grade Fixed Maturity Securities
Of the $61 million of gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss of 20% or more of amortized cost for six months or greater, $20 million, or 33%, are related to gross unrealized losses on five below investment grade fixed maturity securities. Unrealized losses on below investment grade fixed maturity securities are principally related to non-agency RMBS (primarily alternative residential mortgage loans) and are the result of significantly wider credit spreads resulting from higher risk premiums since purchase, largely due to economic and market uncertainties including concerns over unemployment levels and valuations of residential real estate supporting non-agency RMBS. Management evaluates non-agency RMBS based on actual and projected cash flows after considering the quality of underlying collateral, expected prepayment speeds, current and forecasted loss severity, consideration of the payment terms of the underlying assets backing a particular security, and the payment priority within the tranche structure of the security.
Equity Securities
Gross unrealized losses on equity securities increased $5 million during the year ended December 31, 2013 from $23 million to $28 million. Of the $28 million, $5 million were from two equity securities with gross unrealized losses of 20% or more of cost for 12 months or greater, all of which were financial services industry investment grade non-redeemable preferred stock, of which 40% were rated A or better.
Mortgage Loans
Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment
Mortgage loans are summarized as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| Carrying Value | | % of Total | | Carrying Value | | % of Total |
| (In millions) | | | | (In millions) | | |
Mortgage loans: | | | | | | | |
Commercial | $ | 4,869 |
| | 63.1 | % | | $ | 5,266 |
| | 57.5 | % |
Agricultural | 1,285 |
| | 16.6 |
| | 1,260 |
| | 13.8 |
|
Subtotal (1) | 6,154 |
| | 79.7 |
| | 6,526 |
| | 71.3 |
|
Valuation allowances | (34 | ) | | (0.4 | ) | | (35 | ) | | (0.4 | ) |
Subtotal mortgage loans, net | 6,120 |
| | 79.3 |
| | 6,491 |
| | 70.9 |
|
Commercial mortgage loans held by CSEs — FVO | 1,598 |
| | 20.7 |
| | 2,666 |
| | 29.1 |
|
Total mortgage loans, net | $ | 7,718 |
| | 100.0 | % | | $ | 9,157 |
| | 100.0 | % |
______________
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
| |
(1) | Purchases of mortgage loans were $10 million and $27 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
See “— Variable Interest Entities” for discussion of CSEs.
See “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for discussion of related party mortgage loans.
Mortgage Loans and Valuation Allowance by Portfolio Segment
The carrying value prior to valuation allowance (“recorded investment”) in mortgage loans, by portfolio segment, by method of evaluation of credit loss, and the related valuation allowances, by type of credit loss, were as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| Commercial | | Agricultural | | Total | | Commercial | | Agricultural | | Total |
| (In millions) |
Mortgage loans: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Evaluated individually for credit losses | $ | 72 |
| | $ | 4 |
| | $ | 76 |
| | $ | 76 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 76 |
|
Evaluated collectively for credit losses | 4,797 |
| | 1,281 |
| | 6,078 |
| | 5,190 |
| | 1,260 |
| | 6,450 |
|
Total mortgage loans | 4,869 |
| | 1,285 |
| | 6,154 |
| | 5,266 |
| | 1,260 |
| | 6,526 |
|
Valuation allowances: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Specific credit losses | 7 |
| | — |
| | 7 |
| | 11 |
| | — |
| | 11 |
|
Non-specifically identified credit losses | 23 |
| | 4 |
| | 27 |
| | 21 |
| | 3 |
| | 24 |
|
Total valuation allowances | 30 |
| | 4 |
| | 34 |
| | 32 |
| | 3 |
| | 35 |
|
Mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance | $ | 4,839 |
| | $ | 1,281 |
| | $ | 6,120 |
| | $ | 5,234 |
| | $ | 1,257 |
| | $ | 6,491 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Valuation Allowance Rollforward by Portfolio Segment
The changes in the valuation allowance, by portfolio segment, were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Commercial | | Agricultural | | Total |
| (In millions) |
Balance at January 1, 2011 | $ | 84 |
| | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 87 |
|
Provision (release) | (26 | ) | | — |
| | (26 | ) |
Charge-offs, net of recoveries | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Balance at December 31, 2011 | 58 |
| | 3 |
| | 61 |
|
Provision (release) | (26 | ) | | — |
| | (26 | ) |
Charge-offs, net of recoveries | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Balance at December 31, 2012 | 32 |
| | 3 |
| | 35 |
|
Provision (release) | (2 | ) | | 1 |
| | (1 | ) |
Charge-offs, net of recoveries | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 30 |
| | $ | 4 |
| | $ | 34 |
|
Valuation Allowance Methodology
Mortgage loans are considered to be impaired when it is probable that, based upon current information and events, the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due under the loan agreement. Specific valuation allowances are established using the same methodology for both portfolio segments as the excess carrying value of a loan over either (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, (ii) the estimated fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral if the loan is in the process of foreclosure or otherwise collateral dependent, or (iii) the loan’s observable market price. A common evaluation framework is used for establishing non-specific valuation allowances for both loan portfolio segments; however, a separate non-specific valuation allowance is calculated and maintained for each loan portfolio segment that is based on inputs unique to each loan portfolio segment. Non-specific valuation allowances are established for pools of loans with similar risk characteristics where a property-specific or market-specific risk has not been identified, but for which the Company expects to incur a credit loss. These evaluations are based upon several loan portfolio segment-specific factors, including the Company’s experience for loan losses, defaults and loss severity, and loss expectations for loans with similar risk characteristics. These evaluations are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available.
Commercial and Agricultural Mortgage Loan Portfolio Segments
The Company typically uses several years of historical experience in establishing non-specific valuation allowances which captures multiple economic cycles. For evaluations of commercial mortgage loans, in addition to historical experience, management considers factors that include the impact of a rapid change to the economy, which may not be reflected in the loan portfolio, and recent loss and recovery trend experience as compared to historical loss and recovery experience. For evaluations of agricultural mortgage loans, in addition to historical experience, management considers factors that include increased stress in certain sectors, which may be evidenced by higher delinquency rates, or a change in the number of higher risk loans. On a quarterly basis, management incorporates the impact of these current market events and conditions on historical experience in determining the non-specific valuation allowance established for commercial and agricultural mortgage loans.
All commercial mortgage loans are reviewed on an ongoing basis which may include an analysis of the property financial statements and rent roll, lease rollover analysis, property inspections, market analysis, estimated valuations of the underlying collateral, loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, and tenant creditworthiness. All agricultural mortgage loans are monitored on an ongoing basis. The monitoring process focuses on higher risk loans, which include those that are classified as restructured, delinquent or in foreclosure, as well as loans with higher loan-to-value ratios and lower debt service coverage ratios. The monitoring process for agricultural mortgage loans is generally similar to the commercial mortgage loan monitoring process, with a focus on higher risk loans, including reviews on a geographic and property-type basis. Higher risk loans are reviewed individually on an ongoing basis for potential credit loss and specific valuation allowances are established using the methodology described above. Quarterly, the remaining loans are reviewed on a pool basis by aggregating groups of loans that have similar risk characteristics for potential credit loss, and non-specific valuation allowances are established as described above using inputs that are unique to each segment of the loan portfolio.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
For commercial mortgage loans, the primary credit quality indicator is the debt service coverage ratio, which compares a property’s net operating income to amounts needed to service the principal and interest due under the loan. Generally, the lower the debt service coverage ratio, the higher the risk of experiencing a credit loss. The Company also reviews the loan-to-value ratio of its commercial mortgage loan portfolio. Loan-to-value ratios compare the unpaid principal balance of the loan to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral. Generally, the higher the loan-to-value ratio, the higher the risk of experiencing a credit loss. The debt service coverage ratio and loan-to-value ratio, as well as the values utilized in calculating these ratios, are updated annually, on a rolling basis, with a portion of the loan portfolio updated each quarter.
For agricultural mortgage loans, the Company’s primary credit quality indicator is the loan-to-value ratio. The values utilized in calculating this ratio are developed in connection with the ongoing review of the agricultural mortgage loan portfolio and are routinely updated.
Credit Quality of Commercial Mortgage Loans
The credit quality of commercial mortgage loans, were as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Recorded Investment | | Estimated Fair Value | | % of Total |
| Debt Service Coverage Ratios | | Total | | % of Total | |
| > 1.20x | | 1.00x - 1.20x | | < 1.00x | |
| (In millions) | | | | (In millions) | | |
December 31, 2013: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan-to-value ratios: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less than 65% | $ | 3,754 |
| | $ | 125 |
| | $ | 107 |
| | $ | 3,986 |
| | 81.9 | % | | $ | 4,224 |
| | 82.8 | % |
65% to 75% | 700 |
| | — |
| | 27 |
| | 727 |
| | 14.9 |
| | 736 |
| | 14.4 |
|
76% to 80% | 80 |
| | 13 |
| | — |
| | 93 |
| | 1.9 |
| | 93 |
| | 1.8 |
|
Greater than 80% | 37 |
| | 26 |
| | — |
| | 63 |
| | 1.3 |
| | 53 |
| | 1.0 |
|
Total | $ | 4,571 |
| | $ | 164 |
| | $ | 134 |
| | $ | 4,869 |
| | 100.0 | % | | $ | 5,106 |
| | 100.0 | % |
December 31, 2012: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loan-to-value ratios: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less than 65% | $ | 3,888 |
| | $ | 106 |
| | $ | 89 |
| | $ | 4,083 |
| | 77.5 | % | | $ | 4,459 |
| | 78.5 | % |
65% to 75% | 626 |
| | 32 |
| | 27 |
| | 685 |
| | 13.0 |
| | 711 |
| | 12.5 |
|
76% to 80% | 343 |
| | 8 |
| | 57 |
| | 408 |
| | 7.8 |
| | 428 |
| | 7.6 |
|
Greater than 80% | 39 |
| | 28 |
| | 23 |
| | 90 |
| | 1.7 |
| | 81 |
| | 1.4 |
|
Total | $ | 4,896 |
| | $ | 174 |
| | $ | 196 |
| | $ | 5,266 |
| | 100.0 | % | | $ | 5,679 |
| | 100.0 | % |
Credit Quality of Agricultural Mortgage Loans
The credit quality of agricultural mortgage loans, were as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| Recorded Investment | | % of Total | | Recorded Investment | | % of Total |
| (In millions) | | | | (In millions) | | |
Loan-to-value ratios: | | | | | | | |
Less than 65% | $ | 1,215 |
| | 94.6 | % | | $ | 1,184 |
| | 94.0 | % |
65% to 75% | 70 |
| | 5.4 |
| | 76 |
| | 6.0 |
|
Total | $ | 1,285 |
| | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,260 |
| | 100.0 | % |
The estimated fair value of agricultural mortgage loans was $1.3 billion at both December 31, 2013 and 2012.
Past Due and Interest Accrual Status of Mortgage Loans
The Company has a high quality, well performing, mortgage loan portfolio, with 99% of all mortgage loans classified as performing at both December 31, 2013 and 2012. The Company defines delinquency consistent with industry practice, when mortgage loans are past due as follows: commercial mortgage loans — 60 days and agricultural mortgage loans — 90 days. The Company had no agricultural mortgage loans past due and one commercial mortgage loan in non-accrual status with a recorded investment of $22 million at December 31, 2013. The Company had no mortgage loans past due and no loans in nonaccrual status at December 31, 2012.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Impaired Mortgage Loans
Impaired mortgage loans, including those modified in a troubled debt restructuring, by portfolio segment, were as follows at and for the years ended:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loans with a Valuation Allowance | | Loans without a Valuation Allowance | | All Impaired Loans |
| Unpaid Principal Balance | | Recorded Investment | | Valuation Allowances | | Carrying Value | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Recorded Investment | | Unpaid Principal Balance | | Carrying Value | | Average Recorded Investment | | Interest Income |
| (In millions) |
December 31, 2013: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial | $ | 22 |
| | $ | 22 |
| | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 15 |
| | $ | 52 |
| | $ | 50 |
| | $ | 74 |
| | $ | 65 |
| | $ | 73 |
| | $ | 3 |
|
Agricultural (1) | 4 |
| | 4 |
| | — |
| | 4 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 4 |
| | 4 |
| | 2 |
| | — |
|
Total | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 19 |
| | $ | 52 |
| | $ | 50 |
| | $ | 78 |
| | $ | 69 |
| | $ | 75 |
| | $ | 3 |
|
December 31, 2012: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commercial | $ | 76 |
| | $ | 76 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | $ | 65 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 76 |
| | $ | 65 |
| | $ | 67 |
| | $ | 2 |
|
Agricultural | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Total | $ | 76 |
| | $ | 76 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | $ | 65 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 76 |
| | $ | 65 |
| | $ | 67 |
| | $ | 2 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Valuation allowance on agricultural mortgage loans was less than $1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. |
Unpaid principal balance is generally prior to any charge-offs. Interest income recognized is primarily cash basis income. The average recorded investment for commercial and agricultural mortgage loans was $29 million and $4 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2011; and interest income recognized for commercial and agricultural mortgage loans was $2 million and $0, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Mortgage Loans Modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring
For a small portion of the mortgage loan portfolio, classified as troubled debt restructurings, concessions are granted related to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Generally, the types of concessions include: reduction of the contractual interest rate, extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than current market interest rates, and/or a reduction of accrued interest. The amount, timing and extent of the concession granted is considered in determining any impairment or changes in the specific valuation allowance recorded with the restructuring. Through the continuous monitoring process, a specific valuation allowance may have been recorded prior to the quarter when the mortgage loan is modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Accordingly, the carrying value (after specific valuation allowance) before and after modification through a troubled debt restructuring may not change significantly, or may increase if the expected recovery is higher than the pre-modification recovery assessment.
The Company had one agricultural mortgage loan modified in a troubled debt restructuring with a pre-modification and post-modification carrying value of $4 million during the year ended December 31, 2013. There were no agricultural mortgage loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring during the year ended December 31, 2012. There were no commercial mortgage loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring during the year ended December 31, 2013. The Company had one commercial mortgage loan modified during the year ended December 31, 2012 in a troubled debt restructuring which had a carrying value after specific valuation allowance of $53 million pre-modification and $48 million post-modification.
There were no mortgage loans during the previous 12 months modified in a troubled debt restructuring with a subsequent payment default at December 31, 2013 and 2012. Payment default is determined in the same manner as delinquency status as described above.
Other Invested Assets
Other invested assets is comprised primarily of freestanding derivatives with positive estimated fair values (see Note 8), loans to affiliates (see “— Related Party Investment Transactions), tax credit and renewable energy partnerships and leveraged leases.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Leveraged Leases
Investment in leveraged leases consisted of the following at:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Rental receivables, net | $ | 92 |
| | $ | 92 |
|
Estimated residual values | 14 |
| | 14 |
|
Subtotal | 106 |
| | 106 |
|
Unearned income | (35 | ) | | (37 | ) |
Investment in leveraged leases, net of non-recourse debt | $ | 71 |
| | $ | 69 |
|
Rental receivables are generally due in periodic installments. The payment periods range from two to 19 years. For rental receivables, the primary credit quality indicator is whether the rental receivable is performing or nonperforming, which is assessed monthly. The Company generally defines nonperforming rental receivables as those that are 90 days or more past due. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, all rental receivables were performing.
The deferred income tax liability related to leveraged leases was $63 million and $53 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
The components of income from investment in leveraged leases, excluding net investment gains (losses), were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Income from investment in leveraged leases | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | 8 |
|
Less: Income tax expense on leveraged leases | 1 |
| | 2 |
| | 3 |
|
Investment income after income tax from investment in leveraged leases | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 5 |
|
Cash Equivalents
The carrying value of cash equivalents, which includes securities and other investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase, was $469 million and $654 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)
The components of net unrealized investment gains (losses), included in AOCI, were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Fixed maturity securities | $ | 1,819 |
| | $ | 5,019 |
| | $ | 3,690 |
|
Fixed maturity securities with noncredit OTTI losses in AOCI | (41 | ) | | (64 | ) | | (125 | ) |
Total fixed maturity securities | 1,778 |
| | 4,955 |
| | 3,565 |
|
Equity securities | 15 |
| | 12 |
| | (41 | ) |
Derivatives | 39 |
| | 243 |
| | 239 |
|
Short-term investments | 1 |
| | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) |
Other | (71 | ) | | (17 | ) | | (5 | ) |
Subtotal | 1,762 |
| | 5,191 |
| | 3,756 |
|
Amounts allocated from: | | | | | |
Insurance liability loss recognition | — |
| | (739 | ) | | (325 | ) |
DAC and VOBA related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI | (1 | ) | | 4 |
| | 9 |
|
DAC and VOBA | (274 | ) | | (671 | ) | | (509 | ) |
Subtotal | (275 | ) | | (1,406 | ) | | (825 | ) |
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI | 16 |
| | 22 |
| | 42 |
|
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) | (591 | ) | | (1,358 | ) | | (1,063 | ) |
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) | $ | 912 |
| | $ | 2,449 |
| | $ | 1,910 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
The changes in fixed maturity securities with noncredit OTTI losses included in AOCI were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Balance at January 1, | $ | (64 | ) | | $ | (125 | ) |
Noncredit OTTI losses and subsequent changes recognized (1) | 11 |
| | (3 | ) |
Securities sold with previous noncredit OTTI loss | 21 |
| | 35 |
|
Subsequent changes in estimated fair value | (9 | ) | | 29 |
|
Balance at December 31, | $ | (41 | ) | | $ | (64 | ) |
______________
| |
(1) | Noncredit OTTI losses and subsequent changes recognized, net of DAC, were $7 million and $5 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
The changes in net unrealized investment gains (losses) were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Balance at January 1, | $ | 2,449 |
| | $ | 1,910 |
| | $ | 342 |
|
Fixed maturity securities on which noncredit OTTI losses have been recognized | 23 |
| | 61 |
| | (39 | ) |
Unrealized investment gains (losses) during the year | (3,452 | ) | | 1,374 |
| | 3,138 |
|
Unrealized investment gains (losses) relating to: | | | | | |
Insurance liability gain (loss) recognition | 739 |
| | (414 | ) | | (292 | ) |
DAC and VOBA related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI | (5 | ) | | (5 | ) | | 4 |
|
DAC and VOBA | 397 |
| | (162 | ) | | (390 | ) |
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) related to noncredit OTTI losses recognized in AOCI | (6 | ) | | (20 | ) | | 12 |
|
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) | 767 |
| | (295 | ) | | (865 | ) |
Balance at December 31, | $ | 912 |
| | $ | 2,449 |
| | $ | 1,910 |
|
Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) | $ | (1,537 | ) | | $ | 539 |
| | $ | 1,568 |
|
Concentrations of Credit Risk
There were no investments in any counterparty that were greater than 10% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, at both December 31, 2013 and 2012.
Securities Lending
Elements of the securities lending program are presented below at:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Securities on loan: (1) | | | |
Amortized cost | $ | 5,931 |
| | $ | 6,154 |
|
Estimated fair value | $ | 5,984 |
| | $ | 7,339 |
|
Cash collateral on deposit from counterparties (2) | $ | 6,140 |
| | $ | 7,502 |
|
Security collateral on deposit from counterparties (3) | $ | — |
| | $ | 51 |
|
Reinvestment portfolio — estimated fair value | $ | 6,145 |
| | $ | 7,533 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Included within fixed maturity securities, short-term investments, cash and cash equivalents and equity securities. |
| |
(2) | Included within payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions. |
| |
(3) | Security collateral on deposit from counterparties may not be sold or repledged, unless the counterparty is in default, and is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Invested Assets on Deposit and Pledged as Collateral
Invested assets on deposit and pledged as collateral are presented below at estimated fair value for cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and fixed maturity securities and at carrying value for mortgage loans at:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Invested assets on deposit (regulatory deposits) (1) | $ | 56 |
| | $ | 58 |
|
Invested assets pledged as collateral (2) | 1,901 |
| | 1,569 |
|
Total invested assets on deposit and pledged as collateral | $ | 1,957 |
| | $ | 1,627 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | See Note 1 for information about invested assets that became restricted under the MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut plan to withdraw its New York license on January 1, 2014. |
| |
(2) | The Company has pledged invested assets in connection with various agreements and transactions, including funding agreements (see Note 4) and derivative transactions (see Note 8). |
See “— Securities Lending” for securities on loan.
Purchased Credit Impaired Investments
Investments acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and for which it is probable at the acquisition date that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payments are classified as purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) investments. For each investment, the excess of the cash flows expected to be collected as of the acquisition date over its acquisition date fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized as net investment income on an effective yield basis. If subsequently, based on current information and events, it is probable that there is a significant increase in cash flows previously expected to be collected or if actual cash flows are significantly greater than cash flows previously expected to be collected, the accretable yield is adjusted prospectively. The excess of the contractually required payments (including interest) as of the acquisition date over the cash flows expected to be collected as of the acquisition date is referred to as the nonaccretable difference, and this amount is not expected to be realized as net investment income. Decreases in cash flows expected to be collected can result in OTTI.
The Company’s PCI fixed maturity securities were as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Outstanding principal and interest balance (1) | $ | 648 |
| | $ | 560 |
|
Carrying value (2) | $ | 498 |
| | $ | 459 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Represents the contractually required payments, which is the sum of contractual principal, whether or not currently due, and accrued interest. |
| |
(2) | Estimated fair value plus accrued interest. |
The following table presents information about PCI fixed maturity securities acquired during the periods indicated:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Contractually required payments (including interest) | $ | 238 |
| | $ | 172 |
|
Cash flows expected to be collected (1) | $ | 183 |
| | $ | 88 |
|
Fair value of investments acquired | $ | 128 |
| | $ | 55 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Represents undiscounted principal and interest cash flow expectations, at the date of acquisition. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
The following table presents activity for the accretable yield on PCI fixed maturity securities for:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Accretable yield, January 1, | $ | 309 |
| | $ | 320 |
|
Investments purchased | 55 |
| | 33 |
|
Accretion recognized in earnings | (24 | ) | | (18 | ) |
Disposals | (8 | ) | | (4 | ) |
Reclassification (to) from nonaccretable difference | (24 | ) | | (22 | ) |
Accretable yield, December 31, | $ | 308 |
| | $ | 309 |
|
Collectively Significant Equity Method Investments
The Company holds investments in real estate joint ventures, real estate funds and other limited partnership interests consisting of leveraged buy-out funds, hedge funds, private equity funds, joint ventures and other funds. The portion of these investments accounted for under the equity method had a carrying value of $2.6 billion at December 31, 2013. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to these equity method investments is limited to the carrying value of these investments plus unfunded commitments of $862 million at December 31, 2013. Except for certain real estate joint ventures, the Company’s investments in real estate funds and other limited partnership interests are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not participate in the management of the entities.
As described in Note 1, the Company generally records its share of earnings in its equity method investments using a three-month lag methodology and within net investment income. Aggregate net investment income from these equity method investments exceeded 10% of the Company’s consolidated pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations. This aggregated summarized financial data does not represent the Company’s proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, or earnings of such entities.
The aggregated summarized financial data presented below reflects the latest available financial information and is as of, and for, the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. Aggregate total assets of these entities totaled $217.3 billion and $178.3 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Aggregate total liabilities of these entities totaled $16.3 billion and $12.4 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Aggregate net income (loss) of these entities totaled $20.9 billion, $13.1 billion and $7.1 billion for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Aggregate net income (loss) from the underlying entities in which the Company invests is primarily comprised of investment income, including recurring investment income and realized and unrealized investment gains (losses).
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Variable Interest Entities
The Company has invested in certain structured transactions that are VIEs. In certain instances, the Company holds both the power to direct the most significant activities of the entity, as well as an economic interest in the entity and, as such, is deemed to be the primary beneficiary or consolidator of the entity.
The determination of the VIE’s primary beneficiary requires an evaluation of the contractual and implied rights and obligations associated with each party’s relationship with or involvement in the entity, an estimate of the entity’s expected losses and expected residual returns and the allocation of such estimates to each party involved in the entity. The Company generally uses a qualitative approach to determine whether it is the primary beneficiary. However, for VIEs that are investment companies or apply measurement principles consistent with those utilized by investment companies, the primary beneficiary is based on a risks and rewards model and is defined as the entity that will absorb a majority of a VIE’s expected losses, receive a majority of a VIE’s expected residual returns if no single entity absorbs a majority of expected losses, or both. The Company reassesses its involvement with VIEs on a quarterly basis. The use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs in the determination of the primary beneficiary could have a material effect on the amounts presented within the consolidated financial statements.
Consolidated VIEs
The following table presents the total assets and total liabilities relating to VIEs for which the Company has concluded that it is the primary beneficiary and which are consolidated at December 31, 2013 and 2012. Creditors or beneficial interest holders of VIEs where the Company is the primary beneficiary have no recourse to the general credit of the Company, as the Company’s obligation to the VIEs is limited to the amount of its committed investment.
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
CSEs: (1) | | | |
Assets: | | | |
Mortgage loans (commercial mortgage loans) | $ | 1,598 |
| | $ | 2,666 |
|
Accrued investment income | 9 |
| | 13 |
|
Total assets | $ | 1,607 |
| | $ | 2,679 |
|
Liabilities: | | | |
Long-term debt | $ | 1,461 |
| | $ | 2,559 |
|
Other liabilities | 7 |
| | 13 |
|
Total liabilities | $ | 1,468 |
| | $ | 2,572 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | The Company consolidates entities that are structured as CMBS. The assets of these entities can only be used to settle their respective liabilities, and under no circumstances is the Company liable for any principal or interest shortfalls should any arise. The Company’s exposure was limited to that of its remaining investment in these entities of $120 million and $92 million at estimated fair value at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The long-term debt bears interest primarily at fixed rates ranging from 2.25% to 5.57%, payable primarily on a monthly basis. Interest expense related to these obligations, included in other expenses, was $122 million, $163 million and $322 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Unconsolidated VIEs
The carrying amount and maximum exposure to loss relating to VIEs in which the Company holds a significant variable interest but is not the primary beneficiary and which have not been consolidated were as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| Carrying Amount | | Maximum Exposure to Loss (1) | | Carrying Amount | | Maximum Exposure to Loss (1) |
| (In millions) |
Fixed maturity securities AFS: | | | | | | | |
Structured securities (RMBS, ABS and CMBS) (2) | $ | 8,393 |
| | $ | 8,393 |
| | $ | 10,347 |
| | $ | 10,347 |
|
U.S. and foreign corporate | 468 |
| | 468 |
| | 651 |
| | 651 |
|
Other limited partnership interests | 1,651 |
| | 2,077 |
| | 1,408 |
| | 1,930 |
|
Real estate joint ventures | 41 |
| | 45 |
| | 71 |
| | 74 |
|
Other invested assets | 9 |
| | 44 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Total | $ | 10,562 |
| | $ | 11,027 |
| | $ | 12,477 |
| | $ | 13,002 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | The maximum exposure to loss relating to fixed maturity securities AFS is equal to their carrying amounts or the carrying amounts of retained interests. The maximum exposure to loss relating to other limited partnership interests and real estate joint ventures is equal to the carrying amounts plus any unfunded commitments of the Company. For its investments in other invested assets, the Company’s return is in the form of income tax credits. For such investments, the maximum exposure to loss is equal to the carrying amounts plus any unfunded commitment. Such a maximum loss would be expected to occur only upon bankruptcy of the issuer or investee. |
| |
(2) | For these variable interests, the Company’s involvement is limited to that of a passive investor. |
As described in Note 15, the Company makes commitments to fund partnership investments in the normal course of business. Excluding these commitments, the Company did not provide financial or other support to investees designated as VIEs during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Net Investment Income
The components of net investment income were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Investment income: | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities | $ | 2,102 |
| | $ | 2,143 |
| | $ | 2,147 |
|
Equity securities | 12 |
| | 9 |
| | 10 |
|
Mortgage loans | 344 |
| | 357 |
| | 347 |
|
Policy loans | 55 |
| | 59 |
| | 63 |
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures | 56 |
| | 83 |
| | 24 |
|
Other limited partnership interests | 266 |
| | 167 |
| | 176 |
|
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | 4 |
| | 5 |
| | 5 |
|
International joint ventures | (5 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (5 | ) |
Other | — |
| | (2 | ) | | 4 |
|
Subtotal | 2,834 |
| | 2,819 |
| | 2,771 |
|
Less: Investment expenses | 114 |
| | 101 |
| | 100 |
|
Subtotal, net | 2,720 |
| | 2,718 |
| | 2,671 |
|
FVO securities — FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments (1) | — |
| | 62 |
| | 71 |
|
FVO CSEs — interest income — commercial mortgage loans | 132 |
| | 172 |
| | 332 |
|
Subtotal | 132 |
| | 234 |
| | 403 |
|
Net investment income | $ | 2,852 |
| | $ | 2,952 |
| | $ | 3,074 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | There were no changes in estimated fair value subsequent to purchase for securities still held as of the end of the respective years included in net investment income for both the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. Changes in estimated fair value subsequent to purchase for securities included in net investment income were ($11) million for the year ended December 31, 2011. |
See “— Variable Interest Entities” for discussion of CSEs.
See “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for discussion of affiliated net investment income and investment expenses.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Net Investment Gains (Losses)
Components of Net Investment Gains (Losses)
The components of net investment gains (losses) were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Total gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities: | | | | | |
Total OTTI losses recognized — by sector and industry: | | | | | |
U.S. and foreign corporate securities — by industry: | | | | | |
Transportation | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | (16 | ) | | $ | — |
|
Finance | (3 | ) | | (7 | ) | | (9 | ) |
Utility | — |
| | (3 | ) | | — |
|
Communications | — |
| | (2 | ) | | (11 | ) |
Industrial | — |
| | (1 | ) | | (2 | ) |
Total U.S. and foreign corporate securities | (6 | ) | | (29 | ) | | (22 | ) |
RMBS | (14 | ) | | (20 | ) | | (17 | ) |
ABS | — |
| | — |
| | (5 | ) |
CMBS | — |
| | — |
| | (3 | ) |
OTTI losses on fixed maturity securities recognized in earnings | (20 | ) | | (49 | ) | | (47 | ) |
Fixed maturity securities — net gains (losses) on sales and disposals | 58 |
| | 145 |
| | 81 |
|
Total gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities | 38 |
| | 96 |
| | 34 |
|
Total gains (losses) on equity securities: | | | | | |
Total OTTI losses recognized — by sector: | | | | | |
Non-redeemable preferred stock | (3 | ) | | — |
| | (6 | ) |
Common stock | (2 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (2 | ) |
OTTI losses on equity securities recognized in earnings | (5 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (8 | ) |
Equity securities — net gains (losses) on sales and disposals | 10 |
| | 5 |
| | (13 | ) |
Total gains (losses) on equity securities | 5 |
| | (4 | ) | | (21 | ) |
Mortgage loans | 5 |
| | 27 |
| | 26 |
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures | 2 |
| | (3 | ) | | (1 | ) |
Other limited partnership interests | (6 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (5 | ) |
Other investment portfolio gains (losses) | 8 |
| | 4 |
| | (9 | ) |
Subtotal — investment portfolio gains (losses) | 52 |
| | 118 |
| | 24 |
|
FVO CSEs: | | | | | |
Commercial mortgage loans | (56 | ) | | 7 |
| | (84 | ) |
Long-term debt — related to commercial mortgage loans | 88 |
| | 27 |
| | 93 |
|
Non-investment portfolio gains (losses) | (2 | ) | | — |
| | 2 |
|
Subtotal FVO CSEs and non-investment portfolio gains (losses) | 30 |
| | 34 |
| | 11 |
|
Total net investment gains (losses) | $ | 82 |
| | $ | 152 |
| | $ | 35 |
|
See “— Variable Interest Entities” for discussion of CSEs.
See “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for discussion of affiliated net investment gains (losses) related to transfers of invested assets to affiliates.
Gains (losses) from foreign currency transactions included within net investment gains (losses) was less than $1 million, $2 million and ($7) million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Sales or Disposals and Impairments of Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities
Proceeds from sales or disposals of fixed maturity and equity securities and the components of fixed maturity and equity securities net investment gains (losses) are as shown in the table below. Investment gains and losses on sales of securities are determined on a specific identification basis.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| Fixed Maturity Securities | | Equity Securities | | Total |
| (In millions) |
Proceeds | $ | 11,051 |
| | $ | 6,690 |
| | $ | 11,634 |
| | $ | 75 |
| | $ | 39 |
| | $ | 190 |
| | $ | 11,126 |
| | $ | 6,729 |
| | $ | 11,824 |
|
Gross investment gains | $ | 189 |
| | $ | 186 |
| | $ | 182 |
| | $ | 19 |
| | $ | 9 |
| | $ | 9 |
| | $ | 208 |
| | $ | 195 |
| | $ | 191 |
|
Gross investment losses | (131 | ) | | (41 | ) | | (101 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (4 | ) | | (22 | ) | | (140 | ) | | (45 | ) | | (123 | ) |
Total OTTI losses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit-related | (17 | ) | | (42 | ) | | (38 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (17 | ) | | (42 | ) | | (38 | ) |
Other (1) | (3 | ) | | (7 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (5 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (8 | ) | | (8 | ) | | (16 | ) | | (17 | ) |
Total OTTI losses | (20 | ) | | (49 | ) | | (47 | ) | | (5 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (8 | ) | | (25 | ) | | (58 | ) | | (55 | ) |
Net investment gains (losses) | $ | 38 |
| | $ | 96 |
| | $ | 34 |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | (21 | ) | | $ | 43 |
| | $ | 92 |
| | $ | 13 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Other OTTI losses recognized in earnings include impairments on (i) equity securities, (ii) perpetual hybrid securities classified within fixed maturity securities where the primary reason for the impairment was the severity and/or the duration of an unrealized loss position and (iii) fixed maturity securities where there is an intent to sell or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the decline in estimated fair value. |
Credit Loss Rollforward
The table below presents a rollforward of the cumulative credit loss component of OTTI loss recognized in earnings on fixed maturity securities still held for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in OCI:
|
| | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Balance at January 1, | $ | 59 |
| | $ | 55 |
|
Additions: | | | |
Initial impairments — credit loss OTTI recognized on securities not previously impaired | 1 |
| | 6 |
|
Additional impairments — credit loss OTTI recognized on securities previously impaired | 12 |
| | 15 |
|
Reductions: | | | |
Sales (maturities, pay downs or prepayments) during the period of securities previously impaired as credit loss OTTI | (15 | ) | | (17 | ) |
Balance at December 31, | $ | 57 |
| | $ | 59 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Investments (continued)
Related Party Investment Transactions
The Company transfers invested assets, primarily consisting of fixed maturity securities, to and from affiliates. Invested assets transferred to and from affiliates were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 |
| 2012 |
| 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Estimated fair value of invested assets transferred to affiliates | $ | 874 |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
Amortized cost of invested assets transferred to affiliates | $ | 827 |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) recognized on transfers | $ | 47 |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
Estimated fair value of invested assets transferred from affiliates | $ | 834 |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | 33 |
|
Included within the transfers to affiliates in 2013 and transfers from affiliates in 2013 was $739 million and $751 million, respectively, related to the establishment of a custodial account to secure certain policyholder liabilities. See Note 1.
The Company has affiliated loans outstanding to wholly-owned real estate subsidiaries of an affiliate, MLIC, which are included in mortgage loans, with a carrying value of $364 million and $306 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Two loans issued in 2013 totaling $60 million bear interest at one-month LIBOR + 4.50% with quarterly interest only payments of less than $1 million through January 2017, when the principal balance is due. A loan with a carrying value of $110 million, at both December 31, 2013 and 2012, bears interest at one-month LIBOR + 1.95% with quarterly interest only payments of $1 million through January 2015, when the principal balance is due. A loan with a carrying value of $134 million and $136 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, bears interest at 7.26% due in quarterly principal and interest payments of $3 million through January 2020, when the principal balance is due. A loan with a carrying value of $60 million, at both December 31, 2013 and 2012, bears interest at 7.01% with quarterly interest only payments of $1 million through January 2020, when the principal balance is due. These affiliated loans are secured by interests in the real estate subsidiaries, which own operating real estate with a fair value in excess of the loans. Net investment income from these affiliated loans was $16 million, $17 million and $14 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
The Company has affiliated loans outstanding, which are included in other invested assets, totaling $430 million at both December 31, 2013 and 2012. At December 31, 2011, the loans were outstanding with Exeter, an affiliate. During 2012, MetLife assumed this affiliated debt from Exeter. The loans of $305 million, issued by MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and $125 million, issued by MLI-USA, are due on July 15, 2021 and December 16, 2021, respectively, and bear interest, payable semi-annually, at 5.64% and 5.86%, respectively. Net investment income from these affiliated loans was $25 million, $25 million and $8 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
In July 2013, the Company committed to lend up to $1.8 billion to Exeter, an affiliate, pursuant to a note purchase agreement. Pursuant to the agreement, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut committed to purchase up to $1.3 billion of notes and MLI-USA committed to purchase up to $438 million of notes through December 31, 2014. The notes will be due not later than three years after issuance. The repayment of any notes issued pursuant to this agreement is guaranteed by MetLife. In October 2013, pursuant to this agreement, the Company issued loans to Exeter which are included in other invested assets, totaling $500 million at December 31, 2013. The loans of $375 million, issued by MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and $125 million, issued by MLI-USA, are both due October 15, 2015, and bear interest, payable semi-annually, at 2.47%. Net investment income from this loan was $3 million at December 31, 2013. The remaining total commitment to lend is $1.2 billion with $925 million committed by MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and $313 million committed by MLI-USA at December 31, 2013.
The Company receives investment administrative services from an affiliate. The related investment administrative service charges were $68 million for both years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 and $67 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The Company also had additional affiliated net investment income of $1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 and less than $1 million for both of the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives
Accounting for Derivatives
See Note 1 for a description of the Company’s accounting policies for derivatives and Note 9 for information about the fair value hierarchy for derivatives.
Derivative Strategies
The Company is exposed to various risks relating to its ongoing business operations, including interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, credit and equity market. The Company uses a variety of strategies to manage these risks, including the use of derivatives.
Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are derived from interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, credit spreads and/or other financial indices. Derivatives may be exchange-traded or contracted in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market. Certain of the Company’s OTC derivatives are cleared and settled through central clearing counterparties (“OTC-cleared”), while others are bilateral contracts between two counterparties (“OTC-bilateral”). The types of derivatives the Company uses include swaps, forwards, futures and option contracts. To a lesser extent, the Company uses credit default swaps to synthetically replicate investment risks and returns which are not readily available in the cash market.
Interest Rate Derivatives
The Company uses a variety of interest rate derivatives to reduce its exposure to changes in interest rates, including interest rate swaps, caps, floors, futures and forwards.
Interest rate swaps are used by the Company primarily to reduce market risks from changes in interest rates and to alter interest rate exposure arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities (duration mismatches). In an interest rate swap, the Company agrees with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed rate and floating rate interest amounts as calculated by reference to an agreed notional amount. The Company utilizes interest rate swaps in fair value, cash flow and non-qualifying hedging relationships.
The Company purchases interest rate caps and floors primarily to protect its floating rate liabilities against rises in interest rates above a specified level, and against interest rate exposure arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities, as well as to protect its minimum rate guarantee liabilities against declines in interest rates below a specified level, respectively. In certain instances, the Company locks in the economic impact of existing purchased caps and floors by entering into offsetting written caps and floors. The Company utilizes interest rate caps and floors in non-qualifying hedging relationships.
In exchange-traded interest rate (Treasury and swap) futures transactions, the Company agrees to purchase or sell a specified number of contracts, the value of which is determined by the different classes of interest rate securities, and to post variation margin on a daily basis in an amount equal to the difference in the daily market values of those contracts. The Company enters into exchange-traded futures with regulated futures commission merchants that are members of the exchange. Exchange-traded interest rate (Treasury and swap) futures are used primarily to hedge mismatches between the duration of assets in a portfolio and the duration of liabilities supported by those assets, to hedge against changes in value of securities the Company owns or anticipates acquiring and to hedge against changes in interest rates on anticipated liability issuances by replicating Treasury or swap curve performance. The Company utilizes exchange-traded interest rate futures in non-qualifying hedging relationships.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
Inflation swaps are used as an economic hedge to reduce inflation risk generated from inflation-indexed liabilities. Inflation swaps are included in interest rate swaps. The Company utilizes inflation swaps in non-qualifying hedging relationships.
The Company enters into interest rate forwards to buy and sell securities. The price is agreed upon at the time of the contract and payment for such a contract is made at a specified future date. The Company utilizes interest rate forwards in cash flow hedging relationships.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Derivatives
The Company uses foreign currency swaps to reduce the risk from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. In a foreign currency swap transaction, the Company agrees with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between one currency and another at a fixed exchange rate, generally set at inception, calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional amount. The notional amount of each currency is exchanged at the inception and termination of the currency swap by each party. The Company utilizes foreign currency swaps in fair value, cash flow and non-qualifying hedging relationships.
To a lesser extent, the Company uses foreign currency forwards in non-qualifying hedging relationships.
Credit Derivatives
The Company enters into purchased credit default swaps to hedge against credit-related changes in the value of its investments. In a credit default swap transaction, the Company agrees with another party to pay, at specified intervals, a premium to hedge credit risk. If a credit event occurs, as defined by the contract, the contract may be cash settled or it may be settled gross by the delivery of par quantities of the referenced investment equal to the specified swap notional in exchange for the payment of cash amounts by the counterparty equal to the par value of the investment surrendered. Credit events vary by type of issuer but typically include bankruptcy, failure to pay debt obligations, repudiation, moratorium, or involuntary restructuring. In each case, payout on a credit default swap is triggered only after the Credit Derivatives Determinations Committee of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ISDA”) deems that a credit event has occurred. The Company utilizes credit default swaps in non-qualifying hedging relationships.
The Company enters into written credit default swaps to synthetically create credit investments that are either more expensive to acquire or otherwise unavailable in the cash markets. These transactions are a combination of a derivative and one or more cash instruments, such as U.S. Treasury securities, agency securities or other fixed maturity securities. These credit default swaps are not designated as hedging instruments.
To a lesser extent, the Company uses credit forwards to lock in the price to be paid for forward purchases of certain securities. The Company utilizes credit forwards in cash flow hedging relationships.
Equity Derivatives
The Company uses a variety of equity derivatives to reduce its exposure to equity market risk, including equity index options, variance swaps and exchange-traded equity futures.
Equity index options are used by the Company primarily to hedge minimum guarantees embedded in certain variable annuity products offered by the Company. To hedge against adverse changes in equity indices, the Company enters into contracts to sell the equity index within a limited time at a contracted price. The contracts will be net settled in cash based on differentials in the indices at the time of exercise and the strike price. In certain instances, the Company may enter into a combination of transactions to hedge adverse changes in equity indices within a pre-determined range through the purchase and sale of options. The Company utilizes equity index options in non-qualifying hedging relationships.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
Equity variance swaps are used by the Company primarily to hedge minimum guarantees embedded in certain variable annuity products offered by the Company. In an equity variance swap, the Company agrees with another party to exchange amounts in the future, based on changes in equity volatility over a defined period. The Company utilizes equity variance swaps in non-qualifying hedging relationships.
In exchange-traded equity futures transactions, the Company agrees to purchase or sell a specified number of contracts, the value of which is determined by the different classes of equity securities, and to post variation margin on a daily basis in an amount equal to the difference in the daily market values of those contracts. The Company enters into exchange-traded futures with regulated futures commission merchants that are members of the exchange. Exchange-traded equity futures are used primarily to hedge liabilities embedded in certain variable annuity products offered by the Company. The Company utilizes exchange-traded equity futures in non-qualifying hedging relationships.
To a lesser extent, the Company also uses total rate of return swaps (“TRRs”) to hedge its equity market guarantees in certain of its insurance products. The Company utilizes TRRs in non-qualifying hedging relationships.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
Primary Risks Managed by Derivatives
The following table presents the gross notional amount, estimated fair value and primary underlying risk exposure of the Company’s derivatives, excluding embedded derivatives, held at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Primary Underlying Risk Exposure | | December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| | | Estimated Fair Value | | | | Estimated Fair Value |
| Notional Amount | | Assets | | Liabilities | | Notional Amount | | Assets | | Liabilities |
| | | (In millions) |
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value hedges: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | Interest rate | | $ | 436 |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | 10 |
| | $ | 538 |
| | $ | 28 |
| | $ | 9 |
|
Foreign currency swaps | Foreign currency exchange rate | | 122 |
| | — |
| | 13 |
| | 122 |
| | — |
| | 14 |
|
Subtotal | | 558 |
| | 5 |
| | 23 |
| | 660 |
| | 28 |
| | 23 |
|
Cash flow hedges: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | Interest rate | | 537 |
| | 6 |
| | 32 |
| | 658 |
| | 99 |
| | — |
|
Interest rate forwards | Interest rate | | 245 |
| | 3 |
| | 4 |
| | 410 |
| | 81 |
| | — |
|
Foreign currency swaps | Foreign currency exchange rate | | 544 |
| | 25 |
| | 35 |
| | 524 |
| | 16 |
| | 14 |
|
Subtotal | | 1,326 |
| | 34 |
| | 71 |
| | 1,592 |
| | 196 |
| | 14 |
|
Total qualifying hedges | | 1,884 |
| | 39 |
| | 94 |
| | 2,252 |
| | 224 |
| | 37 |
|
Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | Interest rate | | 22,262 |
| | 881 |
| | 441 |
| | 16,869 |
| | 1,254 |
| | 513 |
|
Interest rate floors | Interest rate | | 17,604 |
| | 103 |
| | 99 |
| | 15,136 |
| | 318 |
| | 274 |
|
Interest rate caps | Interest rate | | 9,651 |
| | 36 |
| | — |
| | 9,031 |
| | 11 |
| | — |
|
Interest rate futures | Interest rate | | 1,443 |
| | — |
| | 3 |
| | 2,771 |
| | — |
| | 7 |
|
Foreign currency swaps | Foreign currency exchange rate | | 882 |
| | 52 |
| | 41 |
| | 811 |
| | 60 |
| | 35 |
|
Foreign currency forwards | Foreign currency exchange rate | | 56 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | 139 |
| | — |
| | 4 |
|
Credit default swaps - purchased | Credit | | 157 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | 162 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
|
Credit default swaps - written | Credit | | 2,243 |
| | 38 |
| | — |
| | 2,456 |
| | 23 |
| | 1 |
|
Equity futures | Equity market | | 778 |
| | — |
| | 3 |
| | 1,075 |
| | — |
| | 27 |
|
Equity options | Equity market | | 3,597 |
| | 305 |
| | 42 |
| | 2,845 |
| | 469 |
| | 1 |
|
Variance swaps | Equity market | | 2,270 |
| | 6 |
| | 94 |
| | 2,346 |
| | 11 |
| | 62 |
|
TRRs | Equity market | | 462 |
| | — |
| | 22 |
| | 300 |
| | — |
| | 7 |
|
Total non-designated or non-qualifying derivatives | | 61,405 |
| | 1,421 |
| | 747 |
| | 53,941 |
| | 2,146 |
| | 933 |
|
Total | | $ | 63,289 |
| | $ | 1,460 |
| | $ | 841 |
| | $ | 56,193 |
| | $ | 2,370 |
| | $ | 970 |
|
Based on notional amounts, a substantial portion of the Company’s derivatives was not designated or did not qualify as part of a hedging relationship at both December 31, 2013 and 2012. The Company’s use of derivatives includes (i) derivatives that serve as macro hedges of the Company’s exposure to various risks and that generally do not qualify for hedge accounting due to the criteria required under the portfolio hedging rules; (ii) derivatives that economically hedge insurance liabilities that contain mortality or morbidity risk and that generally do not qualify for hedge accounting because the lack of these risks in the derivatives cannot support an expectation of a highly effective hedging relationship; (iii) derivatives that economically hedge embedded derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting because the changes in estimated fair value of the embedded derivatives are already recorded in net income; and (iv) written credit default swaps that are used to synthetically create credit investments and that do not qualify for hedge accounting because they do not involve a hedging relationship. For these non-qualified derivatives, changes in market factors can lead to the recognition of fair value changes in the consolidated statement of operations without an offsetting gain or loss recognized in earnings for the item being hedged.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
Net Derivative Gains (Losses)
The components of net derivative gains (losses) were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Derivatives and hedging gains (losses) (1) | $ | (958 | ) | | $ | (289 | ) | | $ | 846 |
|
Embedded derivatives | (94 | ) | | 1,292 |
| | 250 |
|
Total net derivative gains (losses) | $ | (1,052 | ) | | $ | 1,003 |
| | $ | 1,096 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Includes foreign currency transaction gains (losses) on hedged items in cash flow and non-qualifying hedging relationships, which are not presented elsewhere in this note. |
The following table presents earned income on derivatives:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Qualifying hedges: | | | | | |
Net investment income | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 2 |
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances | 2 |
| | 18 |
| | 41 |
|
Non-qualifying hedges: | | | | | |
Net derivative gains (losses) | 79 |
| | 127 |
| | 83 |
|
Policyholder benefits and claims | (17 | ) | | (6 | ) | | — |
|
Total | $ | 66 |
| | $ | 141 |
| | $ | 126 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
Non-Qualifying Derivatives and Derivatives for Purposes Other Than Hedging
The following table presents the amount and location of gains (losses) recognized in income for derivatives that were not designated or qualifying as hedging instruments:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net Derivative Gains (Losses) | | Net Investment Income (1) | | Policyholder Benefits and Claims (2) |
| (In millions) |
Year Ended December 31, 2013: | | | | | |
Interest rate derivatives | $ | (558 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | (26 | ) |
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives | (24 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Credit derivatives — purchased | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Credit derivatives — written | 27 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Equity derivatives | (486 | ) | | (7 | ) | | (90 | ) |
Total | $ | (1,041 | ) | | $ | (7 | ) | | $ | (116 | ) |
Year Ended December 31, 2012: | | | | | |
Interest rate derivatives | $ | (5 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives | (4 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Credit derivatives — purchased | (11 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Credit derivatives — written | 41 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Equity derivatives | (413 | ) | | (4 | ) | | (51 | ) |
Total | $ | (392 | ) | | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | (51 | ) |
Year Ended December 31, 2011: | | | | | |
Interest rate derivatives | $ | 701 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives | 27 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Credit derivatives — purchased | 13 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Credit derivatives — written | (13 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Equity derivatives | 45 |
| | (7 | ) | | (4 | ) |
Total | $ | 773 |
| | $ | (7 | ) | | $ | (4 | ) |
______________
| |
(1) | Changes in estimated fair value related to economic hedges of equity method investments in joint ventures. |
| |
(2) | Changes in estimated fair value related to economic hedges of variable annuity guarantees included in future policy benefits. |
Fair Value Hedges
The Company designates and accounts for the following as fair value hedges when they have met the requirements of fair value hedging: (i) interest rate swaps to convert fixed rate assets and liabilities to floating rate assets and liabilities; and (ii) foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency fair value exposure of foreign currency denominated liabilities.
The Company recognizes gains and losses on derivatives and the related hedged items in fair value hedges within net derivative gains (losses). The following table presents the amount of such net derivative gains (losses):
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships | | Hedged Items in Fair Value Hedging Relationships | | Net Derivative Gains (Losses) Recognized for Derivatives | | Net Derivative Gains (Losses) Recognized for Hedged Items | | Ineffectiveness Recognized in Net Derivative Gains (Losses) |
| | | | (In millions) |
Year Ended December 31, 2013: | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps: | | Fixed maturity securities | | $ | 7 |
| | $ | (9 | ) | | $ | (2 | ) |
| | Policyholder liabilities (1) | | (30 | ) | | 28 |
| | (2 | ) |
Foreign currency swaps: | | Foreign-denominated PABs (2) | | 2 |
| | (2 | ) | | — |
|
Total | | $ | (21 | ) | | $ | 17 |
| | $ | (4 | ) |
Year Ended December 31, 2012: | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps: | | Fixed maturity securities | | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | 1 |
| | $ | (2 | ) |
| | Policyholder liabilities (1) | | (10 | ) | | 8 |
| | (2 | ) |
Foreign currency swaps: | | Foreign-denominated PABs (2) | | (29 | ) | | 20 |
| | (9 | ) |
Total | | $ | (42 | ) | | $ | 29 |
| | $ | (13 | ) |
Year Ended December 31, 2011: | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps: | | Fixed maturity securities | | $ | (7 | ) | | $ | 5 |
| | $ | (2 | ) |
| | Policyholder liabilities (1) | | 36 |
| | (38 | ) | | (2 | ) |
Foreign currency swaps: | | Foreign-denominated PABs (2) | | (52 | ) | | 30 |
| | (22 | ) |
Total | | $ | (23 | ) | | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | (26 | ) |
______________
| |
(1) | Fixed rate liabilities reported in PABs or future policy benefits. |
| |
(2) | Fixed rate or floating rate liabilities. |
All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Cash Flow Hedges
The Company designates and accounts for the following as cash flow hedges when they have met the requirements of cash flow hedging: (i) interest rate swaps to convert floating rate assets and liabilities to fixed rate assets and liabilities; (ii) foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency cash flow exposure of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities; (iii) interest rate forwards and credit forwards to lock in the price to be paid for forward purchases of investments; and (iv) interest rate swaps and interest rate forwards to hedge the forecasted purchases of fixed-rate investments.
In certain instances, the Company discontinued cash flow hedge accounting because the forecasted transactions were no longer probable of occurring. Because certain of the forecasted transactions also were not probable of occurring within two months of the anticipated date, the Company reclassified certain amounts from AOCI into net derivative gains (losses). These amounts were $0 for both years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 and $1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the maximum length of time over which the Company was hedging its exposure to variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions did not exceed six years and seven years, respectively.
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the balance in AOCI associated with cash flow hedges was $39 million and $243 million, respectively.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
The following table presents the effects of derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships on the consolidated statements of operations and the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | | Amount of Gains (Losses) Deferred in AOCI on Derivatives | | Amount and Location of Gains(Losses) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Loss) | | Amount and Location of Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income (Loss) on Derivatives |
|
|
|
| | | (Effective Portion) | | (Effective Portion) | | (Ineffective Portion) |
| | | | | Net Derivative Gains (Losses) | | Net Investment Income | | | Net Derivative Gains (Losses) |
| | | (In millions) |
| Year Ended December 31, 2013: | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | | $ | (120 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | | $ | — |
|
| Interest rate forwards | | (57 | ) | | 9 |
| | 1 |
| | | — |
|
| Foreign currency swaps | | (15 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | | 1 |
|
| Credit forwards | | (1 | ) | | — |
| | 1 |
| | | — |
|
| Total | | $ | (193 | ) | | $ | 9 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | | $ | 1 |
|
| Year Ended December 31, 2012: | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | | $ | 21 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | | $ | 1 |
|
| Interest rate forwards | | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | | — |
|
| Foreign currency swaps | | (15 | ) | | 1 |
| | — |
| | | (1 | ) |
| Credit forwards | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | | — |
|
| Total | | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | | $ | — |
|
| Year Ended December 31, 2011: | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | | $ | 132 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | — |
| | | $ | — |
|
| Interest rate forwards | | 208 |
| | 9 |
| | — |
| | | 1 |
|
| Foreign currency swaps | | 17 |
| | (2 | ) | | — |
| | | — |
|
| Credit forwards | | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | | — |
|
| Total | | $ | 357 |
| | $ | 9 |
| | $ | — |
| | | $ | 1 |
|
All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
At December 31, 2013, $1 million of deferred net gains (losses) on derivatives in AOCI was expected to be reclassified to earnings within the next 12 months.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
Credit Derivatives
In connection with synthetically created credit investment transactions, the Company writes credit default swaps for which it receives a premium to insure credit risk. Such credit derivatives are included within the non-qualifying derivatives and derivatives for purposes other than hedging table. If a credit event occurs, as defined by the contract, the contract may be cash settled or it may be settled gross by the Company paying the counterparty the specified swap notional amount in exchange for the delivery of par quantities of the referenced credit obligation. The Company’s maximum amount at risk, assuming the value of all referenced credit obligations is zero, was $2.2 billion and $2.5 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company can terminate these contracts at any time through cash settlement with the counterparty at an amount equal to the then current fair value of the credit default swaps. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company would have received $38 million and $22 million, respectively, to terminate all of these contracts.
The following table presents the estimated fair value, maximum amount of future payments and weighted average years to maturity of written credit default swaps at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 |
Rating Agency Designation of Referenced Credit Obligations (1) | | Estimated Fair Value of Credit Default Swaps | | Maximum Amount of Future Payments under Credit Default Swaps (2) | | Weighted Average Years to Maturity (3) | | Estimated Fair Value of Credit Default Swaps | | Maximum Amount of Future Payments under Credit Default Swaps (2) | | Weighted Average Years to Maturity (3) |
| | (In millions) | | | | (In millions) | | |
Aaa/Aa/A | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Single name credit default swaps (corporate) | | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 115 |
| | 2.7 |
| | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 167 |
| | 3.2 |
|
Credit default swaps referencing indices | | 6 |
| | 650 |
| | 1.1 |
| | 10 |
| | 650 |
| | 2.1 |
|
Subtotal | | 9 |
| | 765 |
| | 1.3 |
| | 13 |
| | 817 |
| | 2.3 |
|
Baa | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Single name credit default swaps (corporate) | | 8 |
| | 446 |
| | 3.0 |
| | 4 |
| | 479 |
| | 3.8 |
|
Credit default swaps referencing indices | | 18 |
| | 996 |
| | 4.9 |
| | 5 |
| | 1,124 |
| | 4.8 |
|
Subtotal | | 26 |
| | 1,442 |
| | 4.3 |
| | 9 |
| | 1,603 |
| | 4.5 |
|
B | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Single name credit default swaps (corporate) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Credit default swaps referencing indices | | 3 |
| | 36 |
| | 5.0 |
| | — |
| | 36 |
| | 5.0 |
|
Subtotal | | 3 |
| | 36 |
| | 5.0 |
| | — |
| | 36 |
| | 5.0 |
|
Total | | $ | 38 |
| | $ | 2,243 |
| | 3.3 |
| | $ | 22 |
| | $ | 2,456 |
| | 3.8 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | The rating agency designations are based on availability and the midpoint of the applicable ratings among Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), S&P and Fitch Ratings. If no rating is available from a rating agency, then an internally developed rating is used. |
| |
(2) | Assumes the value of the referenced credit obligations is zero. |
| |
(3) | The weighted average years to maturity of the credit default swaps is calculated based on weighted average notional amounts. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
Credit Risk on Freestanding Derivatives
The Company may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to derivatives. Generally, the current credit exposure of the Company’s derivatives is limited to the net positive estimated fair value of derivatives at the reporting date after taking into consideration the existence of master netting or similar agreements and any collateral received pursuant to such agreements.
The Company manages its credit risk related to derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties and establishing and monitoring exposure limits. The Company’s OTC-bilateral derivative transactions are generally governed by ISDA Master Agreements which provide for legally enforceable set-off and close-out netting of exposures to specific counterparties in the event of early termination of a transaction, which includes, but is not limited to, events of default and bankruptcy. In the event of an early termination, the Company is permitted to set off receivables from the counterparty against payables to the same counterparty arising out of all included transactions. Substantially all of the Company’s ISDA Master Agreements also include Credit Support Annex provisions which require both the pledging and accepting of collateral in connection with its OTC-bilateral derivatives.
The Company’s OTC-cleared derivatives are effected through central clearing counterparties and its exchange-traded derivatives are effected through regulated exchanges. Such positions are marked to market and margined on a daily basis, and the Company has minimal exposure to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to such derivatives. See Note 9 for a description of the impact of credit risk on the valuation of derivatives.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
The estimated fair value of the Company’s net derivative assets and net derivative liabilities after the application of master netting agreements and collateral was as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 |
Derivatives Subject to a Master Netting Arrangement or a Similar Arrangement | | Assets | | Liabilities | | Assets | | Liabilities |
| | (In millions) |
Gross estimated fair value of derivatives: | | | | | | | | |
OTC-bilateral (1) | | $ | 1,450 |
| | $ | 851 |
| | $ | 2,436 |
| | $ | 982 |
|
OTC-cleared (1) | | 50 |
| | 9 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Exchange-traded | | — |
| | 6 |
| | — |
| | 34 |
|
Total gross estimated fair value of derivatives (1) | | 1,500 |
| | 866 |
| | 2,436 |
| | 1,016 |
|
Amounts offset in the consolidated balance sheets | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Estimated fair value of derivatives presented in the consolidated balance sheets (1) | | 1,500 |
| | 866 |
| | 2,436 |
| | 1,016 |
|
Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheets: | | | | | | | | |
Gross estimated fair value of derivatives: (2) | | | | | | | | |
OTC-bilateral | | (670 | ) | | (670 | ) | | (838 | ) | | (838 | ) |
OTC-cleared | | (8 | ) | | (8 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Exchange-traded | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Cash collateral: (3) | | | | | | | | |
OTC-bilateral | | (216 | ) | | — |
| | (897 | ) | | — |
|
OTC-cleared | | (40 | ) | | (1 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Exchange-traded | | — |
| | (5 | ) | | — |
| | (34 | ) |
Securities collateral: (4) | | | | | | | | |
OTC-bilateral | | (554 | ) | | (160 | ) | | (689 | ) | | (121 | ) |
OTC-cleared | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Exchange-traded | | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Net amount after application of master netting agreements and collateral | | $ | 12 |
| | $ | 21 |
| | $ | 12 |
| | $ | 23 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | At December 31, 2013 and 2012, derivative assets include income or expense accruals reported in accrued investment income or in other liabilities of $40 million and $66 million, respectively, and derivative liabilities include income or expense accruals reported in accrued investment income or in other liabilities of $25 million and $46 million, respectively. |
| |
(2) | Estimated fair value of derivatives is limited to the amount that is subject to set-off and includes income or expense accruals. |
| |
(3) | Cash collateral received is included in cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, or in fixed maturity securities, and the obligation to return it is included in payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions in the consolidated balance sheets. The receivable for the return of cash collateral provided by the Company is inclusive of initial margin on exchange-traded and OTC-cleared derivatives and is included in premiums, reinsurance and other receivables in the consolidated balance sheets. The amount of cash collateral offset in the table above is limited to the net estimated fair value of derivatives after application of netting agreements. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company received excess cash collateral of $21 million and $0, respectively, and provided excess cash collateral of $19 million and $53 million, respectively, which is not included in the table above due to the foregoing limitation. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
| |
(4) | Securities collateral received by the Company is held in separate custodial accounts and is not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. Subject to certain constraints, the Company is permitted by contract to sell or repledge this collateral, but at December 31, 2013 none of the collateral had been sold or repledged. Securities collateral pledged by the Company is reported in fixed maturity securities in the consolidated balance sheets. Subject to certain constraints, the counterparties are permitted by contract to sell or repledge this collateral. The amount of securities collateral offset in the table above is limited to the net estimated fair value of derivatives after application of netting agreements and cash collateral. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company received excess securities collateral with an estimated fair value of $34 million and $0, respectively, for its OTC-bilateral derivatives, which are not included in the table above due to the foregoing limitation. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company provided excess securities collateral with an estimated fair value of $1 million and $0, respectively, for its OTC-bilateral derivatives, $29 million and $0, respectively, for its OTC-cleared derivatives and $46 million and $0, respectively, for its exchange-traded derivatives, which are not included in the table above due to the foregoing limitation. |
The Company’s collateral arrangements for its OTC-bilateral derivatives generally require the counterparty in a net liability position, after considering the effect of netting agreements, to pledge collateral when the fair value of that counterparty’s derivatives reaches a pre-determined threshold. Certain of these arrangements also include financial strength-contingent provisions that provide for a reduction of these thresholds (on a sliding scale that converges toward zero) in the event of downgrades in the financial strength ratings of the Company and/or the credit ratings of the counterparty. In addition, certain of the Company’s netting agreements for derivatives contain provisions that require both the Company and the counterparty to maintain a specific investment grade financial strength or credit rating from each of Moody’s and S&P. If a party’s financial strength or credit ratings were to fall below that specific investment grade financial strength or credit rating, that party would be in violation of these provisions, and the other party to the derivatives could terminate the transactions and demand immediate settlement and payment based on such party’s reasonable valuation of the derivatives.
The following table presents the estimated fair value of the Company’s OTC-bilateral derivatives that are in a net liability position after considering the effect of netting agreements, together with the estimated fair value and balance sheet location of the collateral pledged. The table also presents the incremental collateral that the Company would be required to provide if there was a one notch downgrade in the Company’s financial strength rating at the reporting date or if the Company’s financial strength rating sustained a downgrade to a level that triggered full overnight collateralization or termination of the derivative position at the reporting date. OTC-bilateral derivatives that are not subject to collateral agreements are excluded from this table.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Estimated Fair Value of Collateral Provided: | | | Fair Value of Incremental Collateral Provided Upon: |
| Estimated Fair Value of Derivatives in Net Liability Position (1) | | Fixed Maturity Securities | | | One Notch Downgrade in the Company’s Financial Strength Rating | | Downgrade in the Company’s Financial Strength Rating to a Level that Triggers Full Overnight Collateralization or Termination of the Derivative Position |
| (In millions) |
| | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2013 | $ | 181 |
| | $ | 161 |
| | | $ | — |
| | $ | 2 |
|
December 31, 2012 | $ | 143 |
| | $ | 121 |
| | | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 28 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | After taking into consideration the existence of netting agreements. |
Embedded Derivatives
The Company issues certain products or purchases certain investments that contain embedded derivatives that are required to be separated from their host contracts and accounted for as freestanding derivatives. These host contracts principally include: variable annuities with guaranteed minimum benefits, including GMWBs, GMABs and certain GMIBs; affiliated ceded reinsurance of guaranteed minimum benefits related to GMWBs, GMABs and certain GMIBs; affiliated assumed reinsurance of guaranteed minimum benefits related to GMWBs and certain GMIBs; funds withheld on ceded reinsurance; and certain debt and equity securities.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Derivatives (continued)
The following table presents the estimated fair value and balance sheet location of the Company’s embedded derivatives that have been separated from their host contracts at:
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | December 31, |
| Balance Sheet Location | | 2013 | | 2012 |
| | | (In millions) |
Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts: | | | | | |
Ceded guaranteed minimum benefits | Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables | | $ | 912 |
| | $ | 3,551 |
|
Options embedded in debt or equity securities | Investments | | (30 | ) | | (14 | ) |
Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts | | $ | 882 |
| | $ | 3,537 |
|
Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts: | | | | |
Direct guaranteed minimum benefits | PABs | | $ | (1,232 | ) | | $ | 705 |
|
Assumed guaranteed minimum benefits | PABs | | (13 | ) | | 4 |
|
Funds withheld on ceded reinsurance | Other liabilities | | 34 |
| | 552 |
|
Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts | | $ | (1,211 | ) | | $ | 1,261 |
|
The following table presents changes in estimated fair value related to embedded derivatives:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Net derivative gains (losses) (1) (2) | $ | (94 | ) | | $ | 1,292 |
| | $ | 250 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | The valuation of direct and assumed guaranteed minimum benefits includes a nonperformance risk adjustment. The amounts included in net derivative gains (losses), in connection with this adjustment, were ($156) million, ($235) million and $354 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. In addition, the valuation of ceded guaranteed minimum benefits includes a nonperformance risk adjustment. The amounts included in net derivative gains (losses) in connection with this adjustment, were $76 million, $124 million and ($476) million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
| |
(2) | See Note 6 for discussion of affiliated net derivative gains (losses) included in the table above. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value
When developing estimated fair values, the Company considers three broad valuation techniques: (i) the market approach, (ii) the income approach, and (iii) the cost approach. The Company determines the most appropriate valuation technique to use, given what is being measured and the availability of sufficient inputs, giving priority to observable inputs. The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value into a three-level hierarchy, based on the significant input with the lowest level in its valuation. The input levels are as follows:
|
| |
Level 1 | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The Company defines active markets based on average trading volume for equity securities. The size of the bid/ask spread is used as an indicator of market activity for fixed maturity securities. |
|
| |
Level 2 | Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly. These inputs can include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities other than quoted prices in Level 1, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other significant inputs that are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. |
|
| |
Level 3 | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the determination of estimated fair value of the assets or liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. |
Financial markets are susceptible to severe events evidenced by rapid depreciation in asset values accompanied by a reduction in asset liquidity. The Company’s ability to sell securities, or the price ultimately realized for these securities, depends upon the demand and liquidity in the market and increases the use of judgment in determining the estimated fair value of certain securities.
Considerable judgment is often required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value, and the use of different assumptions or valuation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, including those items for which the Company has elected the FVO, are presented below.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2013 |
| Fair Value Hierarchy | | |
| Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total Estimated Fair Value |
| (In millions) |
Assets | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities: | | | | | | | |
U.S. corporate | $ | — |
| | $ | 15,454 |
| | $ | 1,248 |
| | $ | 16,702 |
|
Foreign corporate | — |
| | 7,783 |
| | 734 |
| | 8,517 |
|
U.S. Treasury and agency | 4,365 |
| | 3,929 |
| | — |
| | 8,294 |
|
RMBS | — |
| | 4,266 |
| | 422 |
| | 4,688 |
|
State and political subdivision | — |
| | 2,224 |
| | — |
| | 2,224 |
|
ABS | — |
| | 1,682 |
| | 419 |
| | 2,101 |
|
CMBS | — |
| | 1,532 |
| | 72 |
| | 1,604 |
|
Foreign government | — |
| | 1,122 |
| | — |
| | 1,122 |
|
Total fixed maturity securities | 4,365 |
| | 37,992 |
| | 2,895 |
| | 45,252 |
|
Equity securities: | | | | | | |
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock | — |
| | 136 |
| | 81 |
| | 217 |
|
Common stock | 86 |
| | 84 |
| | 31 |
| | 201 |
|
Total equity securities | 86 |
| | 220 |
| | 112 |
| | 418 |
|
Short-term investments (1) | 391 |
| | 1,671 |
| | — |
| | 2,062 |
|
Mortgage loans held by CSEs - FVO | — |
| | 1,598 |
| | — |
| | 1,598 |
|
Other invested assets: | | | | | | | |
FVO securities | — |
| | 9 |
| | — |
| | 9 |
|
Derivative assets: (2) | | | | | | |
|
Interest rate | — |
| | 1,011 |
| | 23 |
| | 1,034 |
|
Foreign currency exchange rate | — |
| | 77 |
| | — |
| | 77 |
|
Credit | — |
| | 32 |
| | 6 |
| | 38 |
|
Equity market | — |
| | 305 |
| | 6 |
| | 311 |
|
Total derivative assets | — |
| | 1,425 |
| | 35 |
| | 1,460 |
|
Total other invested assets | — |
| | 1,434 |
| | 35 |
| | 1,469 |
|
Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (3) | — |
| | — |
| | 912 |
| | 912 |
|
Separate account assets (4) | 259 |
| | 97,368 |
| | 153 |
| | 97,780 |
|
Total assets | $ | 5,101 |
| | $ | 140,283 |
| | $ | 4,107 |
| | $ | 149,491 |
|
Liabilities | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities: (2) | | | | | | | |
Interest rate | $ | 3 |
| | $ | 574 |
| | $ | 12 |
| | $ | 589 |
|
Foreign currency exchange rate | — |
| | 90 |
| | — |
| | 90 |
|
Credit | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
|
Equity market | 3 |
| | 64 |
| | 94 |
| | 161 |
|
Total derivative liabilities | 6 |
| | 729 |
| | 106 |
| | 841 |
|
Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (3) | — |
| | — |
| | (1,211 | ) | | (1,211 | ) |
Long-term debt of CSEs | — |
| | 1,461 |
| | — |
| | 1,461 |
|
Total liabilities | $ | 6 |
| | $ | 2,190 |
| | $ | (1,105 | ) | | $ | 1,091 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 |
| Fair Value Hierarchy | | Total Estimated Fair Value |
| Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | |
| (In millions) |
Assets | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities: | | | | | | | |
U.S. corporate | $ | — |
| | $ | 17,461 |
| | $ | 1,434 |
| | $ | 18,895 |
|
Foreign corporate | — |
| | 8,577 |
| | 868 |
| | 9,445 |
|
U.S. Treasury and agency | 5,082 |
| | 3,782 |
| | — |
| | 8,864 |
|
RMBS | — |
| | 5,460 |
| | 278 |
| | 5,738 |
|
State and political subdivision | — |
| | 2,304 |
| | 25 |
| | 2,329 |
|
ABS | — |
| | 1,910 |
| | 343 |
| | 2,253 |
|
CMBS | — |
| | 2,231 |
| | 125 |
| | 2,356 |
|
Foreign government | — |
| | 1,085 |
| | 3 |
| | 1,088 |
|
Total fixed maturity securities | 5,082 |
| | 42,810 |
| | 3,076 |
| | 50,968 |
|
Equity securities: | | | | | | | |
Non-redeemable preferred stock | — |
| | 47 |
| | 93 |
| | 140 |
|
Common stock | 70 |
| | 81 |
| | 26 |
| | 177 |
|
Total equity securities | 70 |
| | 128 |
| | 119 |
| | 317 |
|
Short-term investments (1) | 1,233 |
| | 1,285 |
| | 13 |
| | 2,531 |
|
Mortgage loans held by CSEs - FVO | — |
| | 2,666 |
| | — |
| | 2,666 |
|
Other invested assets: | | | | | | | |
FVO securities | — |
| | 9 |
| | — |
| | 9 |
|
Derivative assets: (2) | | | | | | | |
Interest rate | — |
| | 1,643 |
| | 148 |
| | 1,791 |
|
Foreign currency exchange rate | — |
| | 76 |
| | — |
| | 76 |
|
Credit | — |
| | 13 |
| | 10 |
| | 23 |
|
Equity market | — |
| | 469 |
| | 11 |
| | 480 |
|
Total derivative assets | — |
| | 2,201 |
| | 169 |
| | 2,370 |
|
Total other invested assets | — |
| | 2,210 |
| | 169 |
| | 2,379 |
|
Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (3) | — |
| | — |
| | 3,551 |
| | 3,551 |
|
Separate account assets (4) | 201 |
| | 85,772 |
| | 141 |
| | 86,114 |
|
Total assets | $ | 6,586 |
| | $ | 134,871 |
| | $ | 7,069 |
| | $ | 148,526 |
|
Liabilities | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities: (2) | | | | | | | |
Interest rate | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 767 |
| | $ | 29 |
| | $ | 803 |
|
Foreign currency exchange rate | — |
| | 67 |
| | — |
| | 67 |
|
Credit | — |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | 3 |
|
Equity market | 27 |
| | 8 |
| | 62 |
| | 97 |
|
Total derivative liabilities | 34 |
| | 845 |
| | 91 |
| | 970 |
|
Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (3) | — |
| | — |
| | 1,261 |
| | 1,261 |
|
Long-term debt of CSEs | — |
| | 2,559 |
| | — |
| | 2,559 |
|
Total liabilities | $ | 34 |
| | $ | 3,404 |
| | $ | 1,352 |
| | $ | 4,790 |
|
______________
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
| |
(1) | Short-term investments as presented in the tables above differ from the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets because certain short-term investments are not measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis. |
| |
(2) | Derivative assets are presented within other invested assets in the consolidated balance sheets and derivative liabilities are presented within other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The amounts are presented gross in the tables above to reflect the presentation in the consolidated balance sheets, but are presented net for purposes of the rollforward in the Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) tables. |
| |
(3) | Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts are presented primarily within premiums, reinsurance and other receivables in the consolidated balance sheets. Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts are presented primarily within PABs and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, equity securities also included embedded derivatives of ($30) million and ($14) million, respectively. |
| |
(4) | Investment performance related to separate account assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders whose liability is reflected within separate account liabilities. Separate account liabilities are set equal to the estimated fair value of separate account assets. |
The following describes the valuation methodologies used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. The description includes the valuation techniques and key inputs for each category of assets or liabilities that are classified within Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Investments
Valuation Controls and Procedures
On behalf of the Company and MetLife, Inc.’s Chief Investment Officer and Chief Financial Officer, a pricing and valuation committee that is independent of the trading and investing functions and comprised of senior management, provides oversight of control systems and valuation policies for securities, mortgage loans and derivatives. On a quarterly basis, this committee reviews and approves new transaction types and markets, ensures that observable market prices and market-based parameters are used for valuation, wherever possible, and determines that judgmental valuation adjustments, when applied, are based upon established policies and are applied consistently over time. This committee also provides oversight of the selection of independent third party pricing providers and the controls and procedures to evaluate third party pricing. Periodically, the Chief Accounting Officer reports to MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut’s Audit Committee regarding compliance with fair value accounting standards.
The Company reviews its valuation methodologies on an ongoing basis and revises those methodologies when necessary based on changing market conditions. Assurance is gained on the overall reasonableness and consistent application of input assumptions, valuation methodologies and compliance with fair value accounting standards through controls designed to ensure valuations represent an exit price. Several controls are utilized, including certain monthly controls, which include, but are not limited to, analysis of portfolio returns to corresponding benchmark returns, comparing a sample of executed prices of securities sold to the fair value estimates, comparing fair value estimates to management’s knowledge of the current market, reviewing the bid/ask spreads to assess activity, comparing prices from multiple independent pricing services and ongoing due diligence to confirm that independent pricing services use market-based parameters. The process includes a determination of the observability of inputs used in estimated fair values received from independent pricing services or brokers by assessing whether these inputs can be corroborated by observable market data. The Company ensures that prices received from independent brokers, also referred to herein as “consensus pricing,” represent a reasonable estimate of fair value by considering such pricing relative to the Company’s knowledge of the current market dynamics and current pricing for similar financial instruments. While independent non-binding broker quotations are utilized, they are not used for a significant portion of the portfolio. For example, fixed maturity securities priced using independent non-binding broker quotations represent less than 1% of the total estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities and 11% of the total estimated fair value of Level 3 fixed maturity securities.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
The Company also applies a formal process to challenge any prices received from independent pricing services that are not considered representative of estimated fair value. If prices received from independent pricing services are not considered reflective of market activity or representative of estimated fair value, independent non-binding broker quotations are obtained, or an internally developed valuation is prepared. Internally developed valuations of current estimated fair value, which reflect internal estimates of liquidity and nonperformance risks, compared with pricing received from the independent pricing services, did not produce material differences in the estimated fair values for the majority of the portfolio; accordingly, overrides were not material. This is, in part, because internal estimates of liquidity and nonperformance risks are generally based on available market evidence and estimates used by other market participants. In the absence of such market-based evidence, management’s best estimate is used.
Securities, Short-term Investments and Long-term Debt of CSEs
When available, the estimated fair value of these financial instruments is based on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and regularly obtainable. Generally, these are the most liquid of the Company’s securities holdings and valuation of these securities does not involve management’s judgment.
When quoted prices in active markets are not available, the determination of estimated fair value is based on market standard valuation methodologies, giving priority to observable inputs. The significant inputs to the market standard valuation methodologies for certain types of securities with reasonable levels of price transparency are inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. When observable inputs are not available, the market standard valuation methodologies rely on inputs that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. These unobservable inputs can be based in large part on management’s judgment or estimation and cannot be supported by reference to market activity. Even though these inputs are unobservable, management believes they are consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing such securities and are considered appropriate given the circumstances.
The estimated fair value of long-term debt of CSEs is determined on a basis consistent with the methodologies described herein for securities.
Level 2 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs:
This level includes securities priced principally by independent pricing services using observable inputs. Short-term investments within this level are of a similar nature and class to the Level 2 fixed maturity securities and equity securities.
U.S. corporate and foreign corporate securities
These securities are principally valued using the market and income approaches. Valuations are based primarily on quoted prices in markets that are not active, or using matrix pricing or other similar techniques that use standard market observable inputs such as benchmark yields, spreads off benchmark yields, new issuances, issuer rating, duration, and trades of identical or comparable securities. Privately-placed securities are valued using matrix pricing methodologies using standard market observable inputs, and inputs derived from, or corroborated by, market observable data including market yield curve, duration, call provisions, observable prices and spreads for similar publicly traded or privately traded issues that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer, and in certain cases, delta spread adjustments to reflect specific credit-related issues.
U.S. Treasury and agency securities
These securities are principally valued using the market approach. Valuations are based primarily on quoted prices in markets that are not active, or using matrix pricing or other similar techniques using standard market observable inputs such as a benchmark U.S. Treasury yield curve, the spread off the U.S. Treasury yield curve for the identical security and comparable securities that are actively traded.
Structured securities comprised of RMBS, ABS and CMBS
These securities are principally valued using the market and income approaches. Valuations are based primarily on matrix pricing, discounted cash flow methodologies or other similar techniques using standard market inputs, including spreads for actively traded securities, spreads off benchmark yields, expected prepayment speeds and volumes, current and forecasted loss severity, rating, weighted average coupon, weighted average maturity, average delinquency rates, geographic region, debt-service coverage ratios and issuance-specific information, including, but not limited to: collateral type, payment terms of the underlying assets, payment priority within the tranche, structure of the security, deal performance and vintage of loans.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
State and political subdivision and foreign government securities
These securities are principally valued using the market approach. Valuations are based primarily on matrix pricing or other similar techniques using standard market observable inputs including a benchmark U.S. Treasury yield or other yields, issuer ratings, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads and reported trades of similar securities, including those within the same sub-sector or with a similar maturity or credit rating.
Common and non-redeemable preferred stock
These securities are principally valued using the market approach. Valuations are based principally on observable inputs, including quoted prices in markets that are not considered active.
Level 3 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs:
In general, securities classified within Level 3 use many of the same valuation techniques and inputs as described previously for Level 2. However, if key inputs are unobservable, or if the investments are less liquid and there is very limited trading activity, the investments are generally classified as Level 3. The use of independent non-binding broker quotations to value investments generally indicates there is a lack of liquidity or a lack of transparency in the process to develop the valuation estimates, generally causing these investments to be classified in Level 3.
Short-term investments within this level are of a similar nature and class to the Level 3 securities described below; accordingly, the valuation techniques and significant market standard observable inputs used in their valuation are also similar to those described below.
U.S. corporate and foreign corporate securities
These securities, including financial services industry hybrid securities classified within fixed maturity securities, are principally valued using the market approach. Valuations are based primarily on matrix pricing or other similar techniques that utilize unobservable inputs or inputs that cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data, including illiquidity premium, delta spread adjustments to reflect specific credit-related issues, credit spreads; and inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2. Certain valuations are based on independent non-binding broker quotations.
Structured securities comprised of RMBS, ABS and CMBS
These securities are principally valued using the market and income approaches. Valuations are based primarily on matrix pricing, discounted cash flow methodologies or other similar techniques that utilize inputs that are unobservable or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data, including credit spreads. Below investment grade securities and sub-prime RMBS included in this level are valued based on inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2. Certain of these valuations are based on independent non-binding broker quotations.
State and political subdivision and foreign government securities
These securities are principally valued using the market approach. Valuations are based primarily on independent non-binding broker quotations and inputs, including quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2. Certain valuations are based on matrix pricing that utilize inputs that are unobservable or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data, including credit spreads.
Common and non-redeemable preferred stock
These securities, including privately-held securities and financial services industry hybrid securities classified within equity securities, are principally valued using the market and income approaches. Valuations are based primarily on matrix pricing, discounted cash flow methodologies or other similar techniques using inputs such as comparable credit rating and issuance structure. Certain of these securities are valued based on inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2 and independent non-binding broker quotations.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
Mortgage Loans Held by CSEs - FVO
The Company consolidates certain securitization entities that hold commercial mortgage loans.
Level 2 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs:
These investments are principally valued using the market approach. The principal market for these investments is the securitization market. The Company uses the quoted securitization market price of the obligations of the CSEs to determine the estimated fair value of these commercial loan portfolios. These market prices are determined principally by independent pricing services using observable inputs.
Separate Account Assets
Separate account assets are carried at estimated fair value and reported as a summarized total on the consolidated balance sheets. The estimated fair value of separate account assets is based on the estimated fair value of the underlying assets. Separate account assets include: mutual funds, fixed maturity securities, equity securities, derivatives, other limited partnership interests, short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents.
Level 2 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs:
These assets are comprised of investments that are similar in nature to the instruments described under “— Securities, Short-term Investments and Long-term Debt of CSEs.” Also included are certain mutual funds without readily determinable fair values, as prices are not published publicly. Valuation of the mutual funds is based upon quoted prices or reported NAV provided by the fund managers.
Level 3 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs:
These assets are comprised of investments that are similar in nature to the instruments described under “— Securities, Short-term Investments and Long-term Debt of CSEs.” Also included are other limited partnership interests, which are valued giving consideration to the value of the underlying holdings of the partnerships and by applying a premium or discount, if appropriate, for factors such as liquidity, bid/ask spreads, the performance record of the fund manager or other relevant variables that may impact the exit value of the particular partnership interest.
Derivatives
The estimated fair value of derivatives is determined through the use of quoted market prices for exchange-traded derivatives, or through the use of pricing models for OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives. The determination of estimated fair value, when quoted market values are not available, is based on market standard valuation methodologies and inputs that management believes are consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing such instruments. Derivative valuations can be affected by changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, financial indices, credit spreads, default risk, nonperformance risk, volatility, liquidity and changes in estimates and assumptions used in the pricing models. The valuation controls and procedures for derivatives are described in “— Investments.”
The significant inputs to the pricing models for most OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives are inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Significant inputs that are observable generally include: interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rate curves, credit curves and volatility. However, certain OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives may rely on inputs that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Significant inputs that are unobservable generally include references to emerging market currencies and inputs that are outside the observable portion of the interest rate curve, credit curve, volatility or other relevant market measure. These unobservable inputs may involve significant management judgment or estimation. Even though unobservable, these inputs are based on assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances and management believes they are consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing such instruments.
Most inputs for OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives are mid-market inputs but, in certain cases, liquidity adjustments are made when they are deemed more representative of exit value. Market liquidity, as well as the use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs, may have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the Company’s derivatives and could materially affect net income.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
The credit risk of both the counterparty and the Company are considered in determining the estimated fair value for all OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives, and any potential credit adjustment is based on the net exposure by counterparty after taking into account the effects of netting agreements and collateral arrangements. The Company values its OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives using standard swap curves which may include a spread to the risk free rate, depending upon specific collateral arrangements. This credit spread is appropriate for those parties that execute trades at pricing levels consistent with similar collateral arrangements. As the Company and its significant derivative counterparties generally execute trades at such pricing levels and hold sufficient collateral, additional credit risk adjustments are not currently required in the valuation process. The Company’s ability to consistently execute at such pricing levels is in part due to the netting agreements and collateral arrangements that are in place with all of its significant derivative counterparties. An evaluation of the requirement to make additional credit risk adjustments is performed by the Company each reporting period.
Freestanding Derivatives
Level 2 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs:
This level includes all types of derivatives utilized by the Company with the exception of exchange-traded derivatives included within Level 1 and those derivatives with unobservable inputs as described in Level 3. These derivatives are principally valued using the income approach.
Interest rate
Non-option-based. Valuations are based on present value techniques, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve and basis curves.
Option-based. Valuations are based on option pricing models, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve, basis curves and interest rate volatility.
Foreign currency exchange rate
Non-option-based. Valuations are based on present value techniques, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve, basis curves, currency spot rates and cross currency basis curves.
Credit
Non-option-based. Valuations are based on present value techniques, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve, credit curves and recovery rates.
Equity market
Non-option-based. Valuations are based on present value techniques, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve, spot equity index levels and dividend yield curves.
Option-based. Valuations are based on option pricing models, which utilize significant inputs that may include the swap yield curve, spot equity index levels, dividend yield curves and equity volatility.
Level 3 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs:
These derivatives are principally valued using the income approach. Valuations of non-option-based derivatives utilize present value techniques, whereas valuations of option-based derivatives utilize option pricing models. These valuation methodologies generally use the same inputs as described in the corresponding sections above for Level 2 measurements of derivatives. However, these derivatives result in Level 3 classification because one or more of the significant inputs are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.
Interest rate
Non-option-based. Significant unobservable inputs may include the extrapolation beyond observable limits of the swap yield curve and basis curves.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
Credit
Non-option-based. Significant unobservable inputs may include credit spreads, repurchase rates and the extrapolation beyond observable limits of the swap yield curve and credit curves. Certain of these derivatives are valued based on independent non-binding broker quotations.
Equity market
Non-option-based. Significant unobservable inputs may include the extrapolation beyond observable limits of dividend yield curves and equity volatility.
Embedded Derivatives
Embedded derivatives principally include certain direct, assumed and ceded variable annuity guarantees and embedded derivatives related to funds withheld on ceded reinsurance. Embedded derivatives are recorded at estimated fair value with changes in estimated fair value reported in net income.
The Company issues certain variable annuity products with guaranteed minimum benefits. GMWBs, GMABs and GMIBs contain embedded derivatives, which are measured at estimated fair value separately from the host variable annuity contract, with changes in estimated fair value reported in net derivative gains (losses). These embedded derivatives are classified within PABs in the consolidated balance sheets.
The fair value of these embedded derivatives, estimated as the present value of projected future benefits minus the present value of projected future fees using actuarial and capital market assumptions including expectations concerning policyholder behavior, is calculated by the Company’s actuarial department. The calculation is based on in-force business, and is performed using standard actuarial valuation software which projects future cash flows from the embedded derivative over multiple risk neutral stochastic scenarios using observable risk free rates.
Capital market assumptions, such as risk free rates and implied volatilities, are based on market prices for publicly traded instruments to the extent that prices for such instruments are observable. Implied volatilities beyond the observable period are extrapolated based on observable implied volatilities and historical volatilities. Actuarial assumptions, including mortality, lapse, withdrawal and utilization, are unobservable and are reviewed at least annually based on actuarial studies of historical experience.
The valuation of these guarantee liabilities includes nonperformance risk adjustments and adjustments for a risk margin related to non-capital market inputs. The nonperformance adjustment is determined by taking into consideration publicly available information relating to spreads in the secondary market for MetLife’s debt, including related credit default swaps. These observable spreads are then adjusted, as necessary, to reflect the priority of these liabilities and the claims paying ability of the issuing insurance subsidiaries compared to MetLife.
Risk margins are established to capture the non-capital market risks of the instrument which represent the additional compensation a market participant would require to assume the risks related to the uncertainties of such actuarial assumptions as annuitization, premium persistency, partial withdrawal and surrenders. The establishment of risk margins requires the use of significant management judgment, including assumptions of the amount and cost of capital needed to cover the guarantees. These guarantees may be more costly than expected in volatile or declining equity markets. Market conditions including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices, market volatility and foreign currency exchange rates; changes in nonperformance risk; and variations in actuarial assumptions regarding policyholder behavior, mortality and risk margins related to non-capital market inputs, may result in significant fluctuations in the estimated fair value of the guarantees that could materially affect net income.
The Company assumed, from an affiliated insurance company, the risk associated with certain GMIBs. These embedded derivatives are included in other policy-related balances in the consolidated balance sheets with changes in estimated fair value reported in net derivative gains (losses). The value of the embedded derivatives on these assumed risks is determined using a methodology consistent with that described previously for the guarantees directly written by the Company.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
The Company ceded, to an affiliated reinsurance company, the risk associated with certain of the GMIBs, GMABs and GMWBs described above that are also accounted for as embedded derivatives. In addition to ceding risks associated with guarantees that are accounted for as embedded derivatives, the Company also cedes, to the same affiliated reinsurance company, certain directly written GMIBs that are accounted for as insurance (i.e., not as embedded derivatives), but where the reinsurance agreement contains an embedded derivative. These embedded derivatives are included within premiums, reinsurance and other receivables in the consolidated balance sheets with changes in estimated fair value reported in net derivative gains (losses). The value of the embedded derivatives on the ceded risk is determined using a methodology consistent with that described previously for the guarantees directly written by the Company with the exception of the input for nonperformance risk that reflects the credit of the reinsurer.
The estimated fair value of the embedded derivatives within funds withheld related to certain ceded reinsurance is determined based on the change in estimated fair value of the underlying assets held by the Company in a reference portfolio backing the funds withheld liability. The estimated fair value of the underlying assets is determined as previously described in “— Investments — Securities, Short-term Investments and Long-term Debt of CSEs.” The estimated fair value of these embedded derivatives is included, along with their funds withheld hosts, in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets with changes in estimated fair value recorded in net derivative gains (losses). Changes in the credit spreads on the underlying assets, interest rates and market volatility may result in significant fluctuations in the estimated fair value of these embedded derivatives that could materially affect net income.
Embedded Derivatives Within Asset and Liability Host Contracts
Level 3 Valuation Techniques and Key Inputs:
Direct and assumed guaranteed minimum benefits
These embedded derivatives are principally valued using the income approach. Valuations are based on option pricing techniques, which utilize significant inputs that may include swap yield curve, currency exchange rates and implied volatilities. These embedded derivatives result in Level 3 classification because one or more of the significant inputs are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Significant unobservable inputs generally include: the extrapolation beyond observable limits of the swap yield curve and implied volatilities, actuarial assumptions for policyholder behavior and mortality and the potential variability in policyholder behavior and mortality, nonperformance risk and cost of capital for purposes of calculating the risk margin.
Reinsurance ceded on certain guaranteed minimum benefits
These embedded derivatives are principally valued using the income approach. The valuation techniques and significant market standard unobservable inputs used in their valuation are similar to those described above in “— Direct and Assumed Guaranteed Minimum Benefits” and also include counterparty credit spreads.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
Transfers between Levels
Overall, transfers between levels occur when there are changes in the observability of inputs and market activity. Transfers into or out of any level are assumed to occur at the beginning of the period.
Transfers between Levels 1 and 2:
For assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value and still held at December 31, 2013 and 2012, transfers between Levels 1 and 2 were not significant.
Transfers into or out of Level 3:
Assets and liabilities are transferred into Level 3 when a significant input cannot be corroborated with market observable data. This occurs when market activity decreases significantly and underlying inputs cannot be observed, current prices are not available, and/or when there are significant variances in quoted prices, thereby affecting transparency. Assets and liabilities are transferred out of Level 3 when circumstances change such that a significant input can be corroborated with market observable data. This may be due to a significant increase in market activity, a specific event, or one or more significant input(s) becoming observable.
Transfers into Level 3 for fixed maturity securities were due primarily to a lack of trading activity, decreased liquidity and credit ratings downgrades (e.g., from investment grade to below investment grade) which have resulted in decreased transparency of valuations and an increased use of independent non-binding broker quotations and unobservable inputs, such as illiquidity premiums, delta spread adjustments or credit spreads.
Transfers out of Level 3 for fixed maturity securities resulted primarily from increased transparency of both new issuances that, subsequent to issuance and establishment of trading activity, became priced by independent pricing services and existing issuances that, over time, the Company was able to obtain pricing from, or corroborate pricing received from, independent pricing services with observable inputs (such as observable spreads used in pricing securities) or increases in market activity and upgraded credit ratings.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
The following table presents certain quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement, and the sensitivity of the estimated fair value to changes in those inputs, for the more significant asset and liability classes measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | December 31, 2013 | | December 31, 2012 | | Impact of Increase in Input on Estimated Fair Value (2) |
| Valuation Techniques | | Significant Unobservable Inputs | | Range | | Weighted Average (1) | | Range | | Weighted Average (1) | |
Fixed maturity securities: (3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. corporate and foreign corporate | • | Matrix pricing | | • | Delta spread adjustments (4) | | (10) | - | 240 | | 51 | | 9 | - | 500 | | 105 | | Decrease |
| | | | • | Illiquidity premium (4) | | 30 | - | 30 | | 30 | | 30 | - | 30 | | 30 | | Decrease |
| | | | • | Credit spreads (4) | | (112) | - | 538 | | 208 | | (157) | - | 876 | | 282 | | Decrease |
| | | | • | Offered quotes (5) | | 99 | - | 100 | | 100 | | 100 | - | 100 | | 100 | | Increase |
| • | Consensus pricing | | • | Offered quotes (5) | | 33 | - | 103 | | 87 | | 35 | - | 555 | | 96 | | Increase |
RMBS | • | Matrix pricing and discounted cash flow | | • | Credit spreads (4) | | (96) | - | 2,406 | | 295 | | 40 | - | 2,367 | | 436 | | Decrease (6) |
| • | Market pricing | | • | Quoted prices (5) | | 10 | - | 100 | | 95 | | 100 | - | 100 | | 100 | | Increase (6) |
| • | Consensus pricing | | • | Offered quotes (5) | | 78 | - | 100 | | 95 | | | | | | | | Increase (6) |
CMBS | • | Matrix pricing and discounted cash flow | | • | Credit spreads (4) | | 341 | - | 1,879 | | 746 | | 10 | - | 9,164 | | 413 | | Decrease (6) |
| • | Market pricing | | • | Quoted prices (5) | | 97 | - | 104 | | 101 | | 100 | - | 104 | | 102 | | Increase (6) |
| • | Consensus pricing | | • | Offered quotes (5) | | 101 | - | 101 | | 101 | | | | | | | | Increase (6) |
ABS | • | Matrix pricing and discounted cash flow | | • | Credit spreads (4) | | 30 | - | 875 | | 319 | | — | - | 900 | | 152 | | Decrease (6) |
| • | Market pricing | | • | Quoted prices (5) | | — | - | 104 | | 101 | | 97 | - | 102 | | 100 | | Increase (6) |
| • | Consensus pricing | | • | Offered quotes (5) | | 58 | - | 106 | | 98 | | 50 | - | 111 | | 100 | | Increase (6) |
Derivatives: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate | • | Present value techniques | | • | Swap yield (7) | | 248 | - | 450 | | | | 221 | - | 353 | | | | Increase (11) |
Credit | • | Present value techniques | | • | Credit spreads (8) | | 98 | - | 100 | | | | 100 | - | 100 | | | | Decrease (8) |
| • | Consensus pricing | | • | Offered quotes (9) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity market | • | Present value techniques | | • | Volatility (10) | | 17% | - | 28% | | | | 18% | - | 26% | | | | Increase (11) |
Embedded derivatives: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Direct and ceded guaranteed minimum benefits | • | Option pricing techniques | | • | Mortality rates: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Ages 0 - 40 | | 0% | - | 0.10% | | | | 0% | - | 0.10% | | | | Decrease (12) |
| | | | | Ages 41 - 60 | | 0.04% | - | 0.65% | | | | 0.05% | - | 0.64% | | | | Decrease (12) |
| | | | | Ages 61 - 115 | | 0.26% | - | 100% | | | | 0.32% | - | 100% | | | | Decrease (12) |
| | | | • | Lapse rates: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Durations 1 - 10 | | 0.50% | - | 100% | | | | 0.50% | - | 100% | | | | Decrease (13) |
| | | | | Durations 11 - 20 | | 3% | - | 100% | | | | 3% | - | 100% | | | | Decrease (13) |
| | | | | Durations 21 - 116 | | 3% | - | 100% | | | | 3% | - | 100% | | | | Decrease (13) |
| | | | • | Utilization rates | | 20% | - | 50% | | | | 20% | - | 50% | | | | Increase (14) |
| | | | • | Withdrawal rates | | 0.07% | - | 10% | | | | 0.07% | - | 10% | | | | (15) |
| | | | • | Long-term equity volatilities | | 17.40% | - | 25% | | | | 17.40% | - | 25% | | | | Increase (16) |
| | | | • | Nonperformance risk spread | | 0.03% | - | 0.44% | | | | 0.10% | - | 0.67% | | | | Decrease (17) |
______________
| |
(1) | The weighted average for fixed maturity securities is determined based on the estimated fair value of the securities. |
| |
(2) | The impact of a decrease in input would have the opposite impact on the estimated fair value. For embedded derivatives, changes to direct guaranteed minimum benefits are based on liability positions and changes to ceded guaranteed minimum benefits are based on asset positions. |
| |
(3) | Significant increases (decreases) in expected default rates in isolation would result in substantially lower (higher) valuations. |
| |
(4) | Range and weighted average are presented in basis points. |
| |
(5) | Range and weighted average are presented in accordance with the market convention for fixed maturity securities of dollars per hundred dollars of par. |
| |
(6) | Changes in the assumptions used for the probability of default is accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for the loss severity and a directionally opposite change in the assumptions used for prepayment rates. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
| |
(7) | Ranges represent the rates across different yield curves and are presented in basis points. The swap yield curve is utilized among different types of derivatives to project cash flows, as well as to discount future cash flows to present value. Since this valuation methodology uses a range of inputs across a yield curve to value the derivative, presenting a range is more representative of the unobservable input used in the valuation. |
| |
(8) | Represents the risk quoted in basis points of a credit default event on the underlying instrument. The range being provided is a single quoted spread in the valuation model. Credit derivatives with significant unobservable inputs are primarily comprised of written credit default swaps. |
| |
(9) | At both December 31, 2013 and 2012, independent non-binding broker quotations were used in the determination of less than 1% of the total net derivative estimated fair value. |
| |
(10) | Ranges represent the underlying equity volatility quoted in percentage points. Since this valuation methodology uses a range of inputs across multiple volatility surfaces to value the derivative, presenting a range is more representative of the unobservable input used in the valuation. |
| |
(11) | Changes are based on long U.S. dollar net asset positions and will be inversely impacted for short U.S. dollar net asset positions. |
| |
(12) | Mortality rates vary by age and by demographic characteristics such as gender. Mortality rate assumptions are based on company experience. A mortality improvement assumption is also applied. For any given contract, mortality rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. |
| |
(13) | Base lapse rates are adjusted at the contract level based on a comparison of the actuarially calculated guaranteed values and the current policyholder account value, as well as other factors, such as the applicability of any surrender charges. A dynamic lapse function reduces the base lapse rate when the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value as in the money contracts are less likely to lapse. Lapse rates are also generally assumed to be lower in periods when a surrender charge applies. For any given contract, lapse rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. |
| |
(14) | The utilization rate assumption estimates the percentage of contract holders with a GMIB or lifetime withdrawal benefit who will elect to utilize the benefit upon becoming eligible. The rates may vary by the type of guarantee, the amount by which the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value, the contract’s withdrawal history and by the age of the policyholder. For any given contract, utilization rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. |
| |
(15) | The withdrawal rate represents the percentage of account balance that any given policyholder will elect to withdraw from the contract each year. The withdrawal rate assumption varies by age and duration of the contract, and also by other factors such as benefit type. For any given contract, withdrawal rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. For GMWBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in an increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of the guarantees. For GMABs and GMIBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in a decrease (increase) in the estimated fair value. |
| |
(16) | Long-term equity volatilities represent equity volatility beyond the period for which observable equity volatilities are available. For any given contract, long-term equity volatility rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. |
| |
(17) | Nonperformance risk spread varies by duration and by currency. For any given contract, multiple nonperformance risk spreads will apply, depending on the duration of the cash flow being discounted for purposes of valuing the embedded derivative. |
The following is a summary of the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities classified within Level 3 that are not included in the preceding table. Generally, all other classes of securities classified within Level 3, including those within separate account assets and embedded derivatives within funds withheld related to certain ceded reinsurance, use the same valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs as previously described for Level 3 securities. This includes matrix pricing and discounted cash flow methodologies, inputs such as quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2, as well as independent non-binding broker quotations. The sensitivity of the estimated fair value to changes in the significant unobservable inputs for these other assets and liabilities is similar in nature to that described in the preceding table. The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for the more significant assets measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis and determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are summarized in “— Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements.”
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
The following tables summarize the change of all assets and (liabilities) measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| Fixed Maturity Securities: |
| U.S. Corporate | | Foreign Corporate | | U.S. Treasury and Agency | | RMBS | | State and Political Subdivision | | ABS | | CMBS | | Foreign Government |
| (In millions) |
Year Ended December 31, 2013: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, | $ | 1,434 |
| | $ | 868 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 278 |
| | $ | 25 |
| | $ | 343 |
| | $ | 125 |
| | $ | 3 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss): (1), (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | 7 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | — |
| | (7 | ) | | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
OCI | (39 | ) | | (5 | ) | | — |
| | 13 |
| | — |
| | (5 | ) | | 3 |
| | — |
|
Purchases (3) | 150 |
| | 53 |
| | — |
| | 170 |
| | — |
| | 184 |
| | 37 |
| | — |
|
Sales (3) | (243 | ) | | (129 | ) | | — |
| | (49 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (53 | ) | | (71 | ) | | (3 | ) |
Issuances (3) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Settlements (3) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Transfers into Level 3 (4) | 218 |
| | 30 |
| | — |
| | 14 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 (4) | (279 | ) | | (76 | ) | | — |
| | (4 | ) | | (23 | ) | | (53 | ) | | (23 | ) | | — |
|
Balance at December 31, | $ | 1,248 |
| | $ | 734 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 422 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 419 |
| | $ | 72 |
| | $ | — |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss): (5) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | $ | 7 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | $ | — |
| | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| Equity Securities: | | | | Net Derivatives: (6) | | | | |
| Non- redeemable Preferred Stock | | Common Stock | | Short-term Investments | | Interest Rate | | Credit | | Equity Market | | Net Embedded Derivatives (7) | | Separate Account Assets (8) |
| (In millions) |
Year Ended December 31, 2013: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, | $ | 93 |
| | $ | 26 |
| | $ | 13 |
| | $ | 119 |
| | $ | 10 |
| | $ | (51 | ) | | $ | 2,290 |
| | $ | 141 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss): (1), (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | — |
| | 8 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 6 |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (16 | ) | | (4 | ) | | (40 | ) | | (108 | ) | | — |
|
OCI | 12 |
| | 7 |
| | — |
| | (58 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Purchases (3) | 3 |
| | 2 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 9 |
|
Sales (3) | (27 | ) | | (12 | ) | | (13 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (6 | ) |
Issuances (3) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Settlements (3) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (19 | ) | | — |
| | 3 |
| | (59 | ) | | �� |
|
Transfers into Level 3 (4) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 3 |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 (4) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (15 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Balance at December 31, | $ | 81 |
| | $ | 31 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 11 |
| | $ | 6 |
| | $ | (88 | ) | | $ | 2,123 |
| | $ | 153 |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss): (5) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | (2 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (8 | ) | | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | (36 | ) | | $ | (83 | ) | | $ | — |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| Fixed Maturity Securities: |
| U.S. Corporate | | Foreign Corporate | | U.S. Treasury and Agency | | RMBS | | State and Political Subdivision | | ABS | | CMBS | | Foreign Government |
| (In millions) |
Year Ended December 31, 2012: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, | $ | 1,432 |
| | $ | 580 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 239 |
| | $ | 23 |
| | $ | 220 |
| | $ | 147 |
| | $ | 2 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss): (1), (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | 7 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | — |
| | (24 | ) | | — |
| | (4 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
OCI | 66 |
| | 44 |
| | — |
| | 39 |
| | 2 |
| | 8 |
| | 6 |
| | 1 |
|
Purchases (3) | 227 |
| | 269 |
| | — |
| | 61 |
| | — |
| | 148 |
| | 22 |
| | — |
|
Sales (3) | (183 | ) | | (56 | ) | | — |
| | (63 | ) | | — |
| | (15 | ) | | (71 | ) | | — |
|
Issuances (3) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Settlements (3) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Transfers into Level 3 (4) | 76 |
| | 68 |
| | — |
| | 6 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 39 |
| | — |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 (4) | (191 | ) | | (13 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (18 | ) | | (17 | ) | | — |
|
Balance at December 31, | $ | 1,434 |
| | $ | 868 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 278 |
| | $ | 25 |
| | $ | 343 |
| | $ | 125 |
| | $ | 3 |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss): (5) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 1 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | $ | — |
| | $ | (16 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | (2 | ) | | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| Equity Securities: | |
|
| Net Derivatives: (6) |
|
|
| |
| Non- redeemable Preferred Stock |
| Common Stock | | Short-term Investments |
| Interest Rate |
| Credit |
| Equity Market |
| Net Embedded Derivatives (7) |
| Separate Account Assets (8) |
| (In millions) |
Year Ended December 31, 2012: |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, | $ | 76 |
|
| $ | 21 |
| | $ | 10 |
|
| $ | 174 |
|
| $ | (1 | ) |
| $ | 43 |
|
| $ | 1,009 |
|
| $ | 130 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in: |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss): (1), (2) |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income | — |
|
| — |
| | — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | — |
|
| (2 | ) | | — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| 16 |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | — |
|
| — |
| | — |
|
| 1 |
|
| 10 |
|
| (91 | ) |
| 1,296 |
|
| — |
|
OCI | 20 |
|
| 9 |
| | — |
|
| 1 |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
Purchases (3) | — |
|
| — |
| | 13 |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| 1 |
|
Sales (3) | (3 | ) |
| (2 | ) | | (10 | ) |
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| (5 | ) |
Issuances (3) | — |
|
| — |
| | — |
|
| (10 | ) |
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
Settlements (3) | — |
|
| — |
| | — |
|
| (47 | ) |
| — |
|
| (3 | ) |
| (15 | ) |
| — |
|
Transfers into Level 3 (4) | — |
|
| — |
| | — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| 1 |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 (4) | — |
|
| — |
| | — |
|
| — |
|
| 1 |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| (2 | ) |
Balance at December 31, | $ | 93 |
|
| $ | 26 |
| | $ | 13 |
|
| $ | 119 |
|
| $ | 10 |
|
| $ | (51 | ) |
| $ | 2,290 |
|
| $ | 141 |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss): (5) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | $ | — |
|
| $ | (4 | ) | | $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| $ | 3 |
|
| $ | 11 |
|
| $ | (88 | ) |
| $ | 1,305 |
|
| $ | — |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| Fixed Maturity Securities: |
| U.S. Corporate |
| Foreign Corporate |
| U.S. Treasury and Agency |
| RMBS |
| State and Political Subdivision | | ABS |
| CMBS |
| Foreign Government |
| (In millions) |
Year Ended December 31, 2011: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, | $ | 1,510 |
|
| $ | 880 |
|
| $ | 34 |
|
| $ | 282 |
|
| $ | 32 |
| | $ | 321 |
|
| $ | 130 |
|
| $ | 14 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss): (1), (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income | 6 |
|
| 1 |
|
| — |
|
| 1 |
|
| — |
| | — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | 32 |
|
| (20 | ) |
| — |
|
| (5 | ) |
| — |
| | (6 | ) |
| — |
|
| — |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
| | — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
OCI | 80 |
|
| 22 |
|
| — |
|
| (9 | ) |
| (8 | ) | | 8 |
|
| 19 |
|
| — |
|
Purchases (3) | 76 |
| | 282 |
| | — |
| | 16 |
| | — |
| | 166 |
| | 17 |
| | — |
|
Sales (3) | (175 | ) | | (515 | ) | | — |
| | (34 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (46 | ) | | (19 | ) | | (12 | ) |
Issuances (3) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Settlements (3) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Transfers into Level 3 (4) | 40 |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 (4) | (137 | ) | | (73 | ) | | (34 | ) | | (13 | ) | | — |
| | (223 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Balance at December 31, | $ | 1,432 |
|
| $ | 580 |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | 239 |
|
| $ | 23 |
| | $ | 220 |
|
| $ | 147 |
|
| $ | 2 |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss): (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income | $ | 6 |
|
| $ | 1 |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | 1 |
|
| $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | $ | — |
|
| $ | (9 | ) |
| $ | — |
|
| $ | (5 | ) |
| $ | — |
| | $ | (2 | ) |
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| Equity Securities: |
|
|
| Net Derivatives: (6) |
|
| | |
| Non- redeemable Preferred Stock |
| Common Stock |
| Short-term Investments |
| Interest Rate |
| Credit |
| Equity Market |
| Net Embedded Derivatives (7) | | Separate Account Assets (8) |
| (In millions) |
Year Ended December 31, 2011: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | |
Balance at January 1, | $ | 214 |
|
| $ | 22 |
|
| $ | 173 |
|
| $ | (61 | ) |
| $ | 11 |
|
| $ | 12 |
|
| $ | 677 |
| | $ | 133 |
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Net income (loss): (1), (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Net investment income | — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
| | — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | (24 | ) |
| 2 |
|
| (1 | ) |
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
| | (7 | ) |
Net derivative gains (losses) | — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| 50 |
|
| (10 | ) |
| 32 |
|
| 254 |
| | — |
|
OCI | 1 |
|
| (6 | ) |
| — |
|
| 199 |
|
| — |
|
| — |
|
| — |
| | — |
|
Purchases (3) | — |
| | 9 |
| | 10 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | 5 |
|
Sales (3) | (115 | ) | | (6 | ) | | (172 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) |
Issuances (3) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | (4 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Settlements (3) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (13 | ) | | (1 | ) | | — |
| | 78 |
| | — |
|
Transfers into Level 3 (4) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1 | ) | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Transfers out of Level 3 (4) | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Balance at December 31, | $ | 76 |
|
| $ | 21 |
|
| $ | 10 |
|
| $ | 174 |
|
| $ | (1 | ) |
| $ | 43 |
|
| $ | 1,009 |
| | $ | 130 |
|
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss): (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Net investment income | $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | $ | (3 | ) |
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
| | $ | — |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | 39 |
|
| $ | (10 | ) |
| $ | 33 |
|
| $ | 256 |
| | $ | — |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Amortization of premium/accretion of discount is included within net investment income. Impairments charged to net income (loss) on securities are included in net investment gains (losses). Lapses associated with net embedded derivatives are included in net derivative gains (losses). |
| |
(2) | Interest and dividend accruals, as well as cash interest coupons and dividends received, are excluded from the rollforward. |
| |
(3) | Items purchased/issued and then sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. Fees attributed to embedded derivatives are included in settlements. |
| |
(4) | Gains and losses, in net income (loss) and OCI, are calculated assuming transfers into and/or out of Level 3 occurred at the beginning of the period. Items transferred into and then out of Level 3 in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. |
| |
(5) | Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) relate to assets and liabilities still held at the end of the respective periods. |
| |
(6) | Freestanding derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward. |
| |
(7) | Embedded derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward. |
| |
(8) | Investment performance related to separate account assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders within separate account liabilities. Therefore, such changes in estimated fair value are not recorded in net income. For the purpose of this disclosure, these changes are presented within net investment gains (losses). |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
Fair Value Option
The following table presents information for certain assets and liabilities of CSEs, which are accounted for under the FVO. These assets and liabilities were initially measured at fair value.
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 |
| | (In millions) |
Assets: (1) | |
Unpaid principal balance | | $ | 1,528 |
| | $ | 2,539 |
|
Difference between estimated fair value and unpaid principal balance | | 70 |
| | 127 |
|
Carrying value at estimated fair value | | $ | 1,598 |
| | $ | 2,666 |
|
Liabilities: (1) | | | | |
Contractual principal balance | | $ | 1,436 |
| | $ | 2,444 |
|
Difference between estimated fair value and contractual principal balance | | 25 |
| | 115 |
|
Carrying value at estimated fair value | | $ | 1,461 |
| | $ | 2,559 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | These assets and liabilities are comprised of commercial mortgage loans and long-term debt. Changes in estimated fair value on these assets and liabilities and gains or losses on sales of these assets are recognized in net investment gains (losses). Interest income on commercial mortgage loans held by CSEs — FVO is recognized in net investment income. Interest expense from long-term debt of CSEs — FVO is recognized in other expenses. |
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents information for assets measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the periods and still held at the reporting dates; that is, they are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). The estimated fair values for these assets were determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| At December 31, | | Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| Carrying Value After Measurement | | Gains (Losses) |
| (In millions) |
Mortgage loans, net (1) | $ | 36 |
| | $ | 65 |
| | $ | 8 |
| | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | 4 |
| | $ | 8 |
|
Other limited partnership interests (2) | $ | 5 |
| | $ | 6 |
| | $ | 5 |
| | $ | (6 | ) | | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | (2 | ) |
Real estate joint ventures (3) | $ | 1 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | — |
|
Goodwill (4) | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (66 | ) | | $ | (394 | ) | | $ | — |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Estimated fair values for impaired mortgage loans are based on independent broker quotations or valuation models using unobservable inputs or, if the loans are in foreclosure or are otherwise determined to be collateral dependent, are based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of the expected future cash flows. |
| |
(2) | For these cost method investments, estimated fair value is determined from information provided in the financial statements of the underlying entities including NAV data. These investments include private equity and debt funds that typically invest primarily in various strategies including domestic and international leveraged buyout funds; power, energy, timber and infrastructure development funds; venture capital funds; and below investment grade debt and mezzanine debt funds. Distributions will be generated from investment gains, from operating income from the underlying investments of the funds and from liquidation of the underlying assets of the funds. It is estimated that the underlying assets of the funds will be liquidated over the next two to 10 years. Unfunded commitments for these investments at both December 31, 2013 and 2012 were not significant. |
| |
(3) | For these cost method investments, estimated fair value is determined from information provided in the financial statements of the underlying entities including NAV data. These investments include several real estate funds that typically invest primarily in commercial real estate. Distributions will be generated from investment gains, from operating income from the underlying investments of the funds and from liquidation of the underlying assets of the funds. It is estimated that the underlying assets of the funds will be liquidated over the next one to 10 years. Unfunded commitments for these investments at both December 31, 2013 and 2012 were not significant. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
| |
(4) | As discussed in Note 10, in 2013, the Company recorded an impairment of goodwill associated with the Retail Life & Other reporting unit. In addition, in 2012, the Company recorded an impairment of goodwill associated with the Retail Annuities reporting unit. These impairments have been categorized as Level 3 due to the significant unobservable inputs used in the determination of the estimated fair value. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Value
The following tables provide fair value information for financial instruments that are carried on the balance sheet at amounts other than fair value. These tables exclude the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, accrued investment income, payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions and those short-term investments that are not securities, such as time deposits, and therefore are not included in the three level hierarchy table disclosed in the “— Recurring Fair Value Measurements” section. The estimated fair value of the excluded financial instruments, which are primarily classified in Level 2 and, to a lesser extent, in Level 1, approximates carrying value as they are short-term in nature such that the Company believes there is minimal risk of material changes in interest rates or credit quality. All remaining balance sheet amounts excluded from the table below are not considered financial instruments subject to this disclosure.
The carrying values and estimated fair values for such financial instruments, and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows at:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2013 |
| | | Fair Value Hierarchy | | |
| Carrying Value | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total Estimated Fair Value |
| (In millions) |
Assets | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage loans | $ | 6,120 |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | — |
|
| $ | 6,427 |
|
| $ | 6,427 |
|
Policy loans | $ | 1,219 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 872 |
| | $ | 407 |
| | $ | 1,279 |
|
Real estate joint ventures | $ | 55 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 98 |
| | $ | 98 |
|
Other limited partnership interests | $ | 78 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 89 |
| | $ | 89 |
|
Other invested assets | $ | 931 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 995 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 995 |
|
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables | $ | 5,928 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 24 |
| | $ | 6,282 |
| | $ | 6,306 |
|
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | |
PABs | $ | 20,875 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 21,987 |
| | $ | 21,987 |
|
Long-term debt | $ | 790 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,009 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,009 |
|
Other liabilities | $ | 258 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 96 |
| | $ | 162 |
| | $ | 258 |
|
Separate account liabilities | $ | 1,448 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,448 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,448 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2012 |
| | | Fair Value Hierarchy | | |
| Carrying Value | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total Estimated Fair Value |
| (In millions) |
Assets | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage loans | $ | 6,491 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 7,009 |
| | $ | 7,009 |
|
Policy loans | $ | 1,216 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 861 |
| | $ | 450 |
| | $ | 1,311 |
|
Real estate joint ventures | $ | 59 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 101 |
| | $ | 101 |
|
Other limited partnership interests | $ | 94 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 103 |
| | $ | 103 |
|
Other invested assets | $ | 432 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 548 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 548 |
|
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables | $ | 6,015 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 86 |
| | $ | 6,914 |
| | $ | 7,000 |
|
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | |
PABs | $ | 22,613 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 24,520 |
| | $ | 24,520 |
|
Long-term debt | $ | 791 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,076 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,076 |
|
Other liabilities | $ | 237 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 81 |
| | $ | 156 |
| | $ | 237 |
|
Separate account liabilities | $ | 1,296 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,296 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 1,296 |
|
The methods, assumptions and significant valuation techniques and inputs used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments are summarized as follows:
Mortgage Loans
For mortgage loans, estimated fair value is primarily determined by estimating expected future cash flows and discounting them using current interest rates for similar mortgage loans with similar credit risk, or is determined from pricing for similar loans.
Policy Loans
Policy loans with fixed interest rates are classified within Level 3. The estimated fair values for these loans are determined using a discounted cash flow model applied to groups of similar policy loans determined by the nature of the underlying insurance liabilities. Cash flow estimates are developed by applying a weighted-average interest rate to the outstanding principal balance of the respective group of policy loans and an estimated average maturity determined through experience studies of the past performance of policyholder repayment behavior for similar loans. These cash flows are discounted using current risk-free interest rates with no adjustment for borrower credit risk as these loans are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the underlying insurance policy. Policy loans with variable interest rates are classified within Level 2 and the estimated fair value approximates carrying value due to the absence of borrower credit risk and the short time period between interest rate resets, which presents minimal risk of a material change in estimated fair value due to changes in market interest rates.
Real Estate Joint Ventures and Other Limited Partnership Interests
The estimated fair values of these cost method investments are generally based on the Company’s share of the NAV as provided in the financial statements of the investees. In certain circumstances, management may adjust the NAV by a premium or discount when it has sufficient evidence to support applying such adjustments.
Other Invested Assets
These other invested assets are principally comprised of loans to affiliates. The estimated fair value of loans to affiliates is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows using market interest rates currently available for instruments with similar terms and remaining maturities.
Premiums, Reinsurance and Other Receivables
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables are principally comprised of certain amounts recoverable under reinsurance agreements, amounts on deposit with financial institutions to facilitate daily settlements related to certain derivatives and amounts receivable for securities sold but not yet settled.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
9. Fair Value (continued)
Amounts recoverable under ceded reinsurance agreements, which the Company has determined do not transfer significant risk such that they are accounted for using the deposit method of accounting, have been classified as Level 3. The valuation is based on discounted cash flow methodologies using significant unobservable inputs. The estimated fair value is determined using interest rates determined to reflect the appropriate credit standing of the assuming counterparty.
The amounts on deposit for derivative settlements, classified within Level 2, essentially represent the equivalent of demand deposit balances and amounts due for securities sold are generally received over short periods such that the estimated fair value approximates carrying value.
PABs
These PABs include investment contracts. Embedded derivatives on investment contracts and certain variable annuity guarantees accounted for as embedded derivatives are excluded from this caption in the preceding tables as they are separately presented in “— Recurring Fair Value Measurements.”
The investment contracts primarily include certain funding agreements, fixed deferred annuities, modified guaranteed annuities, fixed term payout annuities and total control accounts. The valuation of these investment contracts is based on discounted cash flow methodologies using significant unobservable inputs. The estimated fair value is determined using current market risk-free interest rates adding a spread to reflect the nonperformance risk in the liability.
Long-term Debt
The estimated fair value of long-term debt is principally determined using market standard valuation methodologies. Valuations are based primarily on quoted prices in markets that are not active or using matrix pricing that use standard market observable inputs such as quoted prices in markets that are not active and observable yields and spreads in the market. Instruments valued using discounted cash flow methodologies use standard market observable inputs including market yield curve, duration, observable prices and spreads for similar publicly traded or privately traded issues.
Other Liabilities
Other liabilities consist primarily of interest payable, amounts due for securities purchased but not yet settled and funds withheld amounts payable, which are contractually withheld by the Company in accordance with the terms of the reinsurance agreements. The Company evaluates the specific terms, facts and circumstances of each instrument to determine the appropriate estimated fair values, which are not materially different from the carrying values.
Separate Account Liabilities
Separate account liabilities represent those balances due to policyholders under contracts that are classified as investment contracts.
Separate account liabilities classified as investment contracts primarily represent variable annuities with no significant mortality risk to the Company such that the death benefit is equal to the account balance and certain contracts that provide for benefit funding.
Since separate account liabilities are fully funded by cash flows from the separate account assets which are recognized at estimated fair value as described in the section “— Recurring Fair Value Measurements,” the value of those assets approximates the estimated fair value of the related separate account liabilities. The valuation techniques and inputs for separate account liabilities are similar to those described for separate account assets.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
10. Goodwill
Goodwill is the excess of cost over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that there may be justification for conducting an interim test. Step 1 of the goodwill impairment process requires a comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value. In performing the Company’s goodwill impairment tests, the estimated fair values of the reporting units are first determined using a market multiple valuation approach. When further corroboration is required, the Company uses a discounted cash flow valuation approach. For reporting units which are particularly sensitive to market assumptions, the Company may use additional valuation methodologies to estimate the reporting units’ fair values.
The market multiple valuation approach utilizes market multiples of companies with similar businesses and the projected operating earnings of the reporting unit. The discounted cash flow valuation approach requires judgments about revenues, operating earnings projections, capital market assumptions and discount rates. The key inputs, judgments and assumptions necessary in determining estimated fair value of the reporting units include projected operating earnings, current book value, the level of economic capital required to support the mix of business, long-term growth rates, comparative market multiples, the account value of in-force business, projections of new and renewal business, as well as margins on such business, the level of interest rates, credit spreads, equity market levels, and the discount rate that the Company believes is appropriate for the respective reporting unit.
The valuation methodologies utilized are subject to key judgments and assumptions that are sensitive to change. Estimates of fair value are inherently uncertain and represent only management’s reasonable expectation regarding future developments. These estimates and the judgments and assumptions upon which the estimates are based will, in all likelihood, differ in some respects from actual future results. Declines in the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units could result in goodwill impairments in future periods which could materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
During the 2013 annual goodwill impairment tests, the market multiple and discounted cash flow valuation techniques indicated that the fair value of the Retail Life & Other reporting unit was below its carrying value. Due to these results, an actuarial appraisal, which estimates the net worth of the reporting unit, the value of existing business and the value of new business, was also performed. This appraisal also resulted in a fair value of the Retail Life & Other reporting unit that was less than the carrying value, indicating a potential for goodwill impairment. An increase in required reserves on universal life products with secondary guarantees, together with modifications to financial reinsurance treaty terms, was reflected in the fair value estimate. In addition, decreased future sales assumptions reflected in the valuation were driven by the discontinuance of certain sales of universal life products with secondary guarantees by the Company. Accordingly, the Company performed Step 2 of the goodwill impairment process, which compares the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying value of that goodwill in the reporting unit to calculate the amount of goodwill impairment. The Company determined that all of the recorded goodwill associated with the Retail Life & Other reporting unit was not recoverable and recorded a non-cash charge of $66 million ($57 million, net of income tax) for the impairment of the entire goodwill balance in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2013. The full amount was impaired at MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut.
In addition, the Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test of its Corporate Benefit Funding reporting unit using a market multiple valuation approach and concluded that the fair value of such reporting unit was in excess of its carrying value and, therefore, goodwill was not impaired.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
10. Goodwill (continued)
Information regarding goodwill by segment, as well as Corporate & Other, was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Retail | | Corporate Benefit Funding | | Corporate & Other (1) | | Total |
| (In millions) |
Balance at January 1, 2012 | | | | | | | |
Goodwill | $ | 241 |
| | $ | 307 |
| | $ | 405 |
| | $ | 953 |
|
Accumulated impairment | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Total goodwill, net | $ | 241 |
| | $ | 307 |
| | $ | 405 |
| | $ | 953 |
|
Impairments (2) | (218 | ) | | — |
| | (176 | ) | | (394 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2012 | | | | | | | |
Goodwill | $ | 241 |
| | $ | 307 |
| | $ | 405 |
| | $ | 953 |
|
Accumulated impairment | (218 | ) | | — |
| | (176 | ) | | (394 | ) |
Total goodwill, net | $ | 23 |
| | $ | 307 |
| | $ | 229 |
| | $ | 559 |
|
Impairments | (23 | ) | | — |
| | (43 | ) | | (66 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2013 | | | | | | | |
Goodwill | $ | 241 |
| | $ | 307 |
| | $ | 405 |
| | $ | 953 |
|
Accumulated impairment | (241 | ) | | — |
| | (219 | ) | | (460 | ) |
Total goodwill, net | $ | — |
| | $ | 307 |
| | $ | 186 |
| | $ | 493 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | For purposes of goodwill impairment testing, the $229 million of net goodwill in Corporate & Other at December 31, 2012, which resulted from goodwill acquired as part of the 2005 Travelers acquisition, was allocated to business units of the Retail and Corporate Benefit Funding segments in the amounts of $43 million and $186 million, respectively. As reflected in the table, the $43 million related to the Retail segment was impaired for the year ended December 31, 2013. |
| |
(2) | In connection with its annual goodwill impairment testing, the Company determined that all of the recorded goodwill associated with the Retail Annuities reporting unit was not recoverable and recorded a non-cash charge of $394 million ($147 million, net of income tax) for the impairment of the entire goodwill balance in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012. Of this amount, $327 million ($80 million, net of income tax) was impaired at MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
11. Debt
Long-term debt outstanding was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest Rate | | Maturity | | December 31, |
| | 2013 | | 2012 |
| | | | | (In millions) |
Surplus notes — affiliated | 8.60% | | 2038 | | $ | 750 |
| | $ | 750 |
|
Long-term debt — unaffiliated (1) | 7.03% | | 2030 | | 40 |
| | 41 |
|
Total long-term debt (2) | | | | | $ | 790 |
| | $ | 791 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Principal and interest is paid quarterly. |
| |
(2) | Excludes $1.5 billion and $2.6 billion of long-term debt relating to CSEs at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. See Note 7. |
The aggregate maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2013 are $1 million in each of 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017, $2 million in 2018 and $784 million thereafter.
Interest expense related to the Company’s indebtedness included in other expenses was $68 million, $68 million and $67 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Payments of interest and principal on the surplus notes, which are subordinate to all other obligations at the operating company level, may be made only with the prior approval of the insurance department of the state of domicile.
12. Equity
Return of Capital
During the year ended December 31, 2011, Sino-US MetLife Insurance Company Limited ("Sino"), an insurance underwriting joint venture of the Company accounted for under the equity method, merged with United MetLife Insurance Company Limited ("United"), another insurance underwriting joint venture of an affiliate of the Company. MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut’s ownership interest in the merged entity, Sino-US United MetLife Insurance Company Limited ("Sino-United") was determined based on its contributed capital and share of undistributed earnings of Sino compared to the contributed capital and undistributed earnings of all other investees of Sino and United. Since both of the joint ventures were under common ownership both prior to and subsequent to the merger, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut’s investment in Sino-United is based on the carrying value of its investment in Sino. Pursuant to the merger, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut entered into an agreement to pay the affiliate an amount based on the relative fair values of their respective investments in Sino-United. Accordingly, upon completion of the estimation of fair value, $47 million, representing a return of capital, was paid during the year ended December 31, 2011. MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut’s investment in Sino-United is accounted for under the equity method and is included in other invested assets.
Common Stock
The Company has 40,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, 34,595,317 shares of which were outstanding at both December 31, 2013 and 2012. Of such outstanding shares, 30,000,000 shares are owned directly by MetLife and the remaining shares are owned by MetLife Investors Group, Inc.
Statutory Equity and Income
Each U.S. insurance company’s state of domicile imposes risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements that were developed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”). Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of a company’s total adjusted capital, calculated in the manner prescribed by the NAIC (“TAC”) to its authorized control level RBC, calculated in the manner prescribed by the NAIC (“ACL RBC”). Companies below specific trigger points or ratios are classified within certain levels, each of which requires specified corrective action. The minimum level of TAC before corrective action commences is twice ACL RBC. The RBC ratio for MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and its U.S. insurance subsidiary, MLI-USA, were in excess of 400% for all periods presented.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
12. Equity (continued)
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and its insurance subsidiaries prepare statutory-basis financial statements in accordance with statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the insurance department of the state of domicile or applicable foreign jurisdiction. The NAIC has adopted the Codification of Statutory Accounting Principles (“Statutory Codification”). Statutory Codification is intended to standardize regulatory accounting and reporting to state insurance departments. However, statutory accounting principles continue to be established by individual state laws and permitted practices. Modifications by the various state insurance departments may impact the effect of Statutory Codification on the statutory capital and surplus of MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and MLI-USA.
Statutory accounting principles differ from GAAP primarily by charging policy acquisition costs to expense as incurred, establishing future policy benefit liabilities using different actuarial assumptions, reporting surplus notes as surplus instead of debt, reporting of reinsurance agreements and valuing securities on a different basis.
In addition, certain assets are not admitted under statutory accounting principles and are charged directly to surplus. The most significant assets not admitted by the Company are net deferred income tax assets resulting from temporary differences between statutory accounting principles basis and tax basis not expected to reverse and become recoverable within three years.
Statutory net income (loss) of MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut, a Connecticut domiciled insurer, was $790 million, $848 million and $46 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Statutory capital and surplus was $4.8 billion and $5.3 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. All such amounts are derived from the statutory-basis financial statements as filed with the Connecticut Insurance Department.
Statutory net income (loss) of MLI-USA, a Delaware domiciled insurer, was $209 million, $84 million and $178 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Statutory capital and surplus was $1.9 billion and $1.7 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. All such amounts are derived from the statutory-basis financial statements as filed with the Delaware Department of Insurance.
As of December 31, 2013, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut’s sole foreign insurance subsidiary, MetLife Assurance Limited (“MAL”) was regulated by authorities in the United Kingdom and was subject to minimum capital and solvency requirements before corrective action commences. The required capital and surplus was $165 million and the actual regulatory capital and surplus was $573 million as of the date of the most recent capital adequacy calculation for the jurisdiction. MAL exceeded these minimum capital and solvency requirements for all other periods presented. See Note 17 for additional information on MAL.
Dividend Restrictions
Under Connecticut State Insurance Law, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut is permitted, without prior insurance regulatory clearance, to pay stockholder dividends to its stockholders as long as the amount of such dividends, when aggregated with all other dividends in the preceding 12 months, does not exceed the greater of: (i) 10% of its surplus to policyholders as of the end of the immediately preceding calendar year or (ii) its statutory net gain from operations for the immediately preceding calendar year. MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut will be permitted to pay a dividend in excess of the greater of such two amounts only if it files notice of its declaration of such a dividend and the amount thereof with the Connecticut Commissioner of Insurance (the “Connecticut Commissioner”) and the Connecticut Commissioner either approves the distribution of the dividend or does not disapprove the payment within 30 days after notice. In addition, any dividend that exceeds earned surplus (defined as “unassigned funds (surplus)” reduced by 25% of unrealized appreciation in value or revaluation of assets or unrealized profits on investments) as of the last filed annual statutory statement requires insurance regulatory approval. Under Connecticut State Insurance Law, the Connecticut Commissioner has broad discretion in determining whether the financial condition of a stock life insurance company would support the payment of such dividends to its stockholders. During the year ended December 31, 2013, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut paid a dividend to its stockholders in the amount of $1.0 billion. During the year ended December 31, 2012, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut paid total dividends of $706 million. During June 2012, the Company distributed all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of MetLife Europe to its stockholders as an in-kind extraordinary dividend of $202 million, as calculated on a statutory basis. Regulatory approval for this extraordinary dividend was obtained due to the timing of payment. During December 2012, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut paid a dividend to its stockholders in the amount of $504 million, which represented its ordinary dividend capacity at year-end 2012. Due to the June 2012 in-kind dividend, a portion of this was extraordinary and regulatory approval was obtained. During the years ended December 31, 2011, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut paid a dividend of $517 million. Based on amounts at December 31, 2013, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut could pay a stockholder dividend in 2014 of $1.0 billion without prior approval of the Connecticut Commissioner.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
12. Equity (continued)
Under Delaware State Insurance Law, MLI-USA is permitted, without prior insurance regulatory clearance, to pay a stockholder dividend to MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut as long as the amount of the dividend when aggregated with all other dividends in the preceding 12 months does not exceed the greater of: (i) 10% of its surplus to policyholders as of the end of the immediately preceding calendar year; or (ii) its net statutory gain from operations for the immediately preceding calendar year (excluding realized capital gains). MLI-USA will be permitted to pay a dividend to MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut in excess of the greater of such two amounts only if it files notice of the declaration of such a dividend and the amount thereof with the Delaware Commissioner of Insurance (the “Delaware Commissioner”) and the Delaware Commissioner either approves the distribution of the dividend or does not disapprove the distribution within 30 days of its filing. In addition, any dividend that exceeds earned surplus (defined as “unassigned funds (surplus)”) as of the immediately preceding calendar year requires insurance regulatory approval. Under Delaware State Insurance Law, the Delaware Commissioner has broad discretion in determining whether the financial condition of a stock life insurance company would support the payment of such dividends to its stockholders. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, MLI-USA did not pay dividends to MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut. Because MLI-USA’s statutory unassigned funds were negative at December 31, 2013, MLI-USA cannot pay any dividends in 2014 without prior regulatory approval.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
12. Equity (continued)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Information regarding changes in the balances of each component of AOCI, net of income tax, was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses), Net of Related Offsets (1) | | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives | | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments | | Total |
| (In millions) |
Balance at December 31, 2010 | $ | 412 |
| | $ | (70 | ) | | $ | (125 | ) | | $ | 217 |
|
OCI before reclassifications | 2,118 |
| | 356 |
| | (16 | ) | | 2,458 |
|
Income tax expense (benefit) | (747 | ) | | (125 | ) | | 2 |
| | (870 | ) |
OCI before reclassifications, net of income tax | 1,783 |
| | 161 |
| | (139 | ) | | 1,805 |
|
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | (44 | ) | | (9 | ) | | — |
| | (53 | ) |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 16 |
| | 3 |
| | — |
| | 19 |
|
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of income tax | (28 | ) | | (6 | ) | | — |
| | (34 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2011 | 1,755 |
| | 155 |
| | (139 | ) | | 1,771 |
|
OCI before reclassifications | 945 |
| | 7 |
| | 88 |
| | 1,040 |
|
Income tax expense (benefit) | (350 | ) | | (1 | ) | | 2 |
| | (349 | ) |
OCI before reclassifications, net of income tax | 2,350 |
| | 161 |
| | (49 | ) | | 2,462 |
|
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | (95 | ) | | (3 | ) | | — |
| | (98 | ) |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 35 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | 36 |
|
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of income tax | (60 | ) | | (2 | ) | | — |
| | (62 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2012 | 2,290 |
| | 159 |
| | (49 | ) | | 2,400 |
|
OCI before reclassifications | (2,039 | ) | | (193 | ) | | 28 |
| | (2,204 | ) |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 671 |
| | 68 |
| | (2 | ) | | 737 |
|
OCI before reclassifications, net of income tax | 922 |
| | 34 |
| | (23 | ) | | 933 |
|
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | (55 | ) | | (11 | ) | | — |
| | (66 | ) |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 18 |
| | 4 |
| | — |
| | 22 |
|
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of income tax | (37 | ) | | (7 | ) | | — |
| | (44 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 885 |
| | $ | 27 |
| | $ | (23 | ) | | $ | 889 |
|
__________________
| |
(1) | See Note 7 for information on offsets to investments related to insurance liabilities and DAC and VOBA. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
12. Equity (continued)
Information regarding amounts reclassified out of each component of AOCI, was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
AOCI Components | | Amounts Reclassified from AOCI | | Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Location |
| | Years Ended December 31, | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | |
| | (In millions) | | |
Net unrealized investment gains (losses): | | | | | | | | |
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) | | $ | 48 |
| | $ | 98 |
| | $ | 14 |
| | Other net investment gains (losses) |
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) | | 16 |
| | 6 |
| | 25 |
| | Net investment income |
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) | | 2 |
| | (12 | ) | | 10 |
| | Net derivative gains (losses) |
OTTI | | (11 | ) | | 3 |
| | (5 | ) | | OTTI on fixed maturity securities |
Net unrealized investment gains (losses), before income tax | | 55 |
| | 95 |
| | 44 |
| | |
Income tax (expense) benefit | | (18 | ) | | (35 | ) | | (16 | ) | | |
Net unrealized investment gains (losses), net of income tax | | $ | 37 |
| | $ | 60 |
| | $ | 28 |
| | |
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives - cash flow hedges: | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | | — |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | Net derivative gains (losses) |
Interest rate forwards | | 9 |
| | 1 |
| | 9 |
| | Net derivative gains (losses) |
Interest rate forwards | | 1 |
| | 1 |
| | — |
| | Net investment income |
Foreign currency swaps | | — |
| | 1 |
| | (2 | ) | | Net derivative gains (losses) |
Credit forwards | | — |
| | — |
| | 1 |
| | Net derivative gains (losses) |
Credit forwards | | 1 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | Net investment income |
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, before income tax | | 11 |
| | 3 |
| | 9 |
| | |
Income tax (expense) benefit | | (4 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (3 | ) | | |
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net of income tax | | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | 6 |
| | |
Total reclassifications, net of income tax | | $ | 44 |
| | $ | 62 |
| | $ | 34 |
| | |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
13. Other Expenses
Information on other expenses was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Compensation | $ | 352 |
| | $ | 402 |
| | $ | 357 |
|
Commissions | 639 |
| | 939 |
| | 1,418 |
|
Volume-related costs | 138 |
| | 159 |
| | 196 |
|
Affiliated interest costs on ceded reinsurance | 212 |
| | 271 |
| | 271 |
|
Capitalization of DAC | (504 | ) | | (886 | ) | | (1,365 | ) |
Amortization of DAC and VOBA | 50 |
| | 1,035 |
| | 1,159 |
|
Interest expense on debt and debt issuance costs | 190 |
| | 231 |
| | 389 |
|
Premium taxes, licenses and fees | 57 |
| | 63 |
| | 75 |
|
Professional services | 41 |
| | 25 |
| | 50 |
|
Rent and related expenses | 31 |
| | 37 |
| | 29 |
|
Other | 453 |
| | 444 |
| | 402 |
|
Total other expenses | $ | 1,659 |
| | $ | 2,720 |
| | $ | 2,981 |
|
Capitalization of DAC and Amortization of DAC and VOBA
See Note 5 for additional information on DAC and VOBA including impacts of capitalization and amortization.
Interest Expense on Debt and Debt Issuance Costs
Interest expense on debt and debt issuance costs includes interest expense on debt (see Note 11) and interest expense related to CSEs (see Note 7).
Affiliated Expenses
Commissions, capitalization of DAC and amortization of DAC include the impact of affiliated reinsurance transactions. See Notes 6, 11 and 16 for discussion of affiliated expenses included in the table above.
14. Income Tax
The provision for income tax from continuing operations was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Current: | | | | | |
Federal | $ | (41 | ) | | $ | (235 | ) | | $ | (157 | ) |
Foreign | 8 |
| | (10 | ) | | (5 | ) |
Subtotal | (33 | ) | | (245 | ) | | (162 | ) |
Deferred: | | | | | |
Federal | 242 |
| | 598 |
| | 613 |
|
Foreign | 18 |
| | 19 |
| | 42 |
|
Subtotal | 260 |
| | 617 |
| | 655 |
|
Provision for income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 227 |
| | $ | 372 |
| | $ | 493 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
14. Income Tax (continued)
The Company’s income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) from domestic and foreign operations were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Income (loss) from continuing operations: | | | | | |
Domestic | $ | 869 |
| | $ | 1,492 |
| | $ | 1,545 |
|
Foreign | 78 |
| | (2 | ) | | 122 |
|
Total | $ | 947 |
| | $ | 1,490 |
| | $ | 1,667 |
|
The reconciliation of the income tax provision at the U.S. statutory rate to the provision for income tax as reported for continuing operations was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Tax provision at U.S. statutory rate | $ | 331 |
| | $ | 522 |
| | $ | 583 |
|
Tax effect of: | | | | | |
Dividend received deduction | (81 | ) | | (70 | ) | | (69 | ) |
Tax-exempt income | — |
| | (1 | ) | | (2 | ) |
Prior year tax | (4 | ) | | 3 |
| | (9 | ) |
Tax credits | (10 | ) | | (8 | ) | | (11 | ) |
Foreign tax rate differential | (2 | ) | | 13 |
| | (1 | ) |
Change in valuation allowance | — |
| | 22 |
| | (2 | ) |
Goodwill impairment | 13 |
| | (109 | ) | | — |
|
Sale of subsidiary | (24 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Other, net | 4 |
| | — |
| | 4 |
|
Provision for income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 227 |
| | $ | 372 |
| | $ | 493 |
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
14. Income Tax (continued)
Deferred income tax represents the tax effect of the differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Net deferred income tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following at:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Deferred income tax assets: | | | |
Policyholder liabilities and receivables | $ | 1,282 |
| | $ | 883 |
|
Net operating loss carryforwards | 22 |
| | 32 |
|
Employee benefits | — |
| | 3 |
|
Tax credit carryforwards | 125 |
| | 92 |
|
Other | 7 |
| | 35 |
|
Total gross deferred income tax assets | 1,436 |
| | 1,045 |
|
Less: Valuation allowance | — |
| | 25 |
|
Total net deferred income tax assets | 1,436 |
| | 1,020 |
|
Deferred income tax liabilities: | | | |
Investments, including derivatives | 651 |
| | 258 |
|
Net unrealized investment gains | 575 |
| | 1,336 |
|
DAC and VOBA | 1,543 |
| | 1,281 |
|
Other | 52 |
| | 15 |
|
Total deferred income tax liabilities | 2,821 |
| | 2,890 |
|
Net deferred income tax asset (liability) | $ | (1,385 | ) | | $ | (1,870 | ) |
The following table sets forth the domestic net operating carryforwards for tax purposes at December 31, 2013:
|
| | | | | |
| Net Operating Loss Carryforwards |
| Amount | | Expiration |
| (In millions) | | |
Domestic | $ | 64 |
| | Beginning in 2028 |
Tax credit carryforwards of $125 million at December 31, 2013 will expire beginning in 2015.
Pursuant to Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) rules, the Company was excluded from MetLife’s life/non-life consolidated federal tax return for the five years subsequent to MetLife’s July 2005 acquisition of the Company. In 2011, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and its subsidiaries joined the consolidated return and became a party to the MetLife tax sharing agreement. Prior to 2011, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut filed a consolidated tax return with its includable subsidiaries. Non-includable subsidiaries filed either separate individual corporate tax returns or separate consolidated tax returns.
The Company participates in a tax sharing agreement with MetLife, as described in Note 1. Pursuant to this tax sharing agreement, the amounts due from affiliates included $194 million, $135 million, and $151 million at December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.
The Company files income tax returns with the U.S. federal government and various state and local jurisdictions, as well as foreign jurisdictions. The Company is under continuous examination by the IRS and other tax authorities in jurisdictions in which the Company has significant business operations. The income tax years under examination vary by jurisdiction. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local income tax examinations in major taxing jurisdictions for years prior to 2005. In 2012, the Company and the IRS completed and settled substantially all the issues identified in the audit years of 2005 and 2006. The issues not settled are under review at the IRS Appeals Division.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
14. Income Tax (continued)
The Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits may increase or decrease in the next 12 months. A reasonable estimate of the increase or decrease cannot be made at this time. However, the Company continues to believe that the ultimate resolution of the pending issues will not result in a material change to its consolidated financial statements, although the resolution of income tax matters could impact the Company’s effective tax rate for a particular future period.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Balance at January 1, | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | 29 |
| | $ | 38 |
|
Additions for tax positions of prior years | 25 |
| | 46 |
| | — |
|
Reductions for tax positions of prior years | (1 | ) | | (76 | ) | | (3 | ) |
Additions for tax positions of current year | 1 |
| | 9 |
| | 2 |
|
Reductions for tax positions of current year | (1 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (8 | ) |
Balance at December 31, | $ | 23 |
| | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | 29 |
|
Unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized would impact the effective rate | $ | 23 |
| | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | (3 | ) |
The Company classifies interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense, included within other expenses, while penalties are included in income tax expense.
Interest was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
| (In millions) |
Interest recognized in the consolidated statements of operations | $ | 1 |
| | $ | (9 | ) | | $ | — |
|
| | | | | |
| | | December 31, |
| | | 2013 | | 2012 |
| | | (In millions) |
Interest included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets | | | $ | 1 |
| | $ | — |
|
The Company had no penalties for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
The U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS have indicated that they intend to address through regulations the methodology to be followed in determining the dividends received deduction (“DRD”), related to variable life insurance and annuity contracts. The DRD reduces the amount of dividend income subject to tax and is a significant component of the difference between the actual tax expense and expected amount determined using the federal statutory tax rate of 35%. Any regulations that the IRS ultimately proposes for issuance in this area will be subject to public notice and comment, at which time insurance companies and other interested parties will have the opportunity to raise legal and practical questions about the content, scope and application of such regulations. As a result, the ultimate timing and substance of any such regulations are unknown at this time. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company recognized an income tax benefit of $92 million and $70 million, respectively, related to the separate account DRD. The 2013 benefit included a benefit of $11 million related to a true-up of the 2012 tax return. The 2012 benefit included an expense of less than $1 million related to a true-up of the 2011 tax return.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
15. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees
Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is a defendant in a number of litigation matters. In some of the matters, large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, are sought. Modern pleading practice in the U.S. permits considerable variation in the assertion of monetary damages or other relief. Jurisdictions may permit claimants not to specify the monetary damages sought or may permit claimants to state only that the amount sought is sufficient to invoke the jurisdiction of the trial court. In addition, jurisdictions may permit plaintiffs to allege monetary damages in amounts well exceeding reasonably possible verdicts in the jurisdiction for similar matters. This variability in pleadings, together with the actual experience of the Company in litigating or resolving through settlement numerous claims over an extended period of time, demonstrates to management that the monetary relief which may be specified in a lawsuit or claim bears little relevance to its merits or disposition value.
Due to the vagaries of litigation, the outcome of a litigation matter and the amount or range of potential loss at particular points in time may normally be difficult to ascertain. Uncertainties can include how fact finders will evaluate documentary evidence and the credibility and effectiveness of witness testimony, and how trial and appellate courts will apply the law in the context of the pleadings or evidence presented, whether by motion practice, or at trial or on appeal. Disposition valuations are also subject to the uncertainty of how opposing parties and their counsel will themselves view the relevant evidence and applicable law.
The Company establishes liabilities for litigation and regulatory loss contingencies when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities have been established for some of the matters below. It is possible that some of the matters could require the Company to pay damages or make other expenditures or establish accruals in amounts that could not be estimated at December 31, 2013.
Matters as to Which an Estimate Can Be Made
For some of the matters discussed below, the Company is able to estimate a reasonably possible range of loss. For such matters where a loss is believed to be reasonably possible, but not probable, no accrual has been made. As of December 31, 2013, the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses in excess of amounts accrued for these matters was not material for the Company.
Matters as to Which an Estimate Cannot Be Made
For other matters disclosed below, the Company is not currently able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss. The Company is often unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support an assessment of the range of possible loss, such as quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from other parties and investigation of factual allegations, rulings by the court on motions or appeals, analysis by experts, and the progress of settlement negotiations. On a quarterly and annual basis, the Company reviews relevant information with respect to litigation contingencies and updates its accruals, disclosures and estimates of reasonably possible losses or ranges of loss based on such reviews.
Unclaimed Property Inquiries
In April 2012, MetLife, for itself and on behalf of entities including MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut, reached agreements with representatives of the U.S. jurisdictions that were conducting audits of MetLife and certain of its affiliates for compliance with unclaimed property laws, and with state insurance regulators directly involved in a multistate targeted market conduct examination relating to claim-payment practices and compliance with unclaimed property laws. On December 28, 2012, the West Virginia Treasurer filed an action (West Virginia ex rel. John D. Perdue v. MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut, Circuit Court of Putnam County) alleging that the Company violated the West Virginia Uniform Unclaimed Property Act, seeking to compel compliance with the Act, and seeking payment of unclaimed property, interest, and penalties. On November 14, 2012, the Treasurer filed a substantially identical suit against MLI-USA. On December 30, 2013, the court granted defendants’ motions to dismiss all of the West Virginia Treasurer’s actions. The Treasurer has filed a notice to appeal the dismissal order. At least one other jurisdiction is pursuing a similar market conduct examination. It is possible that other jurisdictions may pursue similar examinations, audits, or lawsuits and that such actions may result in additional payments to beneficiaries, additional escheatment of funds deemed abandoned under state laws, administrative penalties, interest, and/or further changes to the Company’s procedures. The Company is not currently able to estimate these additional possible costs.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
15. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (continued)
Sales Practices Claims
Over the past several years, the Company has faced claims and regulatory inquires and investigations, alleging improper marketing or sales of individual life insurance policies, annuities, mutual funds or other products. The Company continues to vigorously defend against the claims in these matters. The Company believes adequate provision has been made in its consolidated financial statements for all probable and reasonably estimable losses for sales practices matters.
Summary
Various litigation, claims and assessments against the Company, in addition to those discussed previously and those otherwise provided for in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, have arisen in the course of the Company’s business, including, but not limited to, in connection with its activities as an insurer, employer, investor, investment advisor and taxpayer. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries and conduct investigations concerning the Company’s compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and regulations.
It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations and legal proceedings. In some of the matters referred to previously, large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, are sought. Although, in light of these considerations it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a material effect upon the Company’s financial position, based on information currently known by the Company’s management, in its opinion, the outcomes of such pending investigations and legal proceedings are not likely to have such an effect. However, given the large and/or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters and the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated net income or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
Insolvency Assessments
Most of the jurisdictions in which the Company is admitted to transact business require insurers doing business within the jurisdiction to participate in guaranty associations, which are organized to pay contractual benefits owed pursuant to insurance policies issued by impaired, insolvent or failed insurers. These associations levy assessments, up to prescribed limits, on all member insurers in a particular state on the basis of the proportionate share of the premiums written by member insurers in the lines of business in which the impaired, insolvent or failed insurer engaged. Some states permit member insurers to recover assessments paid through full or partial premium tax offsets.
Assets and liabilities held for insolvency assessments were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | |
| December 31, |
| 2013 | | 2012 |
| (In millions) |
Other Assets: | | | |
Premium tax offset for future undiscounted assessments | $ | 10 |
| | $ | 19 |
|
Premium tax offsets currently available for paid assessments | 10 |
| | 2 |
|
| $ | 20 |
| | $ | 21 |
|
Other Liabilities: | | | |
Insolvency assessments | $ | 14 |
| | $ | 37 |
|
On September 1, 2011, the Department of Financial Services filed a liquidation plan for Executive Life Insurance Company of New York (“ELNY”), which had been under rehabilitation by the Liquidation Bureau since 1991. The plan involves the satisfaction of insurers’ financial obligations under a number of state life and health insurance guaranty associations and also provides additional industry support for certain ELNY policyholders.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
15. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (continued)
Commitments
Commitments to Fund Partnership Investments
The Company makes commitments to fund partnership investments in the normal course of business. The amounts of these unfunded commitments were $956 million and $1.0 billion at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company anticipates that these amounts will be invested in partnerships over the next five years.
Mortgage Loan Commitments
The Company commits to lend funds under mortgage loan commitments. The amounts of these mortgage loan commitments were $147 million and $181 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Commitments to Fund Bank Credit Facilities and Private Corporate Bond Investments
The Company commits to lend funds under bank credit facilities and private corporate bond investments. The amounts of these unfunded commitments were $57 million and $144 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Other Commitments
The Company has entered into collateral arrangements with affiliates, which require the transfer of collateral in connection with secured demand notes. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had agreed to fund up to $61 million and $86 million, respectively, of cash upon the request by these affiliates and had transferred collateral consisting of various securities with a fair market value of $74 million and $106 million, respectively, to custody accounts to secure the demand notes. Each of these affiliates is permitted by contract to sell or repledge this collateral.
See Note 7 “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for additional other commitments.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
15. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (continued)
Guarantees
In the normal course of its business, the Company has provided certain indemnities, guarantees and commitments to third parties such that it may be required to make payments now or in the future. In the context of acquisition, disposition, investment and other transactions, the Company has provided indemnities and guarantees, including those related to tax, environmental and other specific liabilities and other indemnities and guarantees that are triggered by, among other things, breaches of representations, warranties or covenants provided by the Company. In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company provides indemnifications to counterparties in contracts with triggers similar to the foregoing, as well as for certain other liabilities, such as third-party lawsuits. These obligations are often subject to time limitations that vary in duration, including contractual limitations and those that arise by operation of law, such as applicable statutes of limitation. The maximum potential obligation under the indemnities and guarantees is subject to a contractual limitation, ranging from $36 million to $233 million, with a cumulative maximum of $269 million, in the case of MetLife International Insurance Company, Ltd. (“MLII”), a former affiliate, discussed below. In other cases such limitations are not specified or applicable. Since certain of these obligations are not subject to limitations, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that could become due under these guarantees in the future. Management believes that it is unlikely the Company will have to make any material payments under these indemnities, guarantees, or commitments.
The Company has provided a guarantee on behalf of MLII that is triggered if MLII cannot pay claims because of insolvency, liquidation or rehabilitation. Life insurance coverage in-force, representing the maximum potential obligation under this guarantee, was $233 million and $235 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company does not hold any collateral related to this guarantee, but has a recorded liability of $1 million that was based on the total account value of the guaranteed policies plus the amounts retained per policy at both December 31, 2013 and 2012. The remainder of the risk was ceded to external reinsurers.
In addition, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers as provided in its charters and by-laws. Also, the Company indemnifies its agents for liabilities incurred as a result of their representation of the Company’s interests. Since these indemnities are generally not subject to limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that could become due under these indemnities in the future.
16. Related Party Transactions
Service Agreements
The Company has entered into various agreements with affiliates for services necessary to conduct its activities. Typical services provided under these agreements include management, policy administrative functions, personnel, investment advice and distribution services. For certain agreements, charges are based on various performance measures or activity-based costing. The bases for such charges are modified and adjusted by management when necessary or appropriate to reflect fairly and equitably the actual incidence of cost incurred by the Company and/or affiliate. Expenses incurred with affiliates related to these agreements, recorded in other expenses, were $1.6 billion, $1.7 billion and $1.9 billion for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Revenues received from affiliates related to these agreements, recorded in universal life and investment-type product policy fees, were $209 million, $179 million and $145 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Revenues received from affiliates related to these agreements, recorded in other revenues, were $186 million, $166 million and $136 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
The Company had net payables to affiliates, related to the items discussed above, of $210 million and $109 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
See Notes 6, 7 and 11 for additional information on related party transactions.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
17. Subsequent Events
Equity
In August 2014, in anticipation of the Mergers, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut redeemed and retired the 4,595,317 shares of MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut’s common stock owned by MetLife Investors Group, LLC for $1.4 billion; all of the outstanding shares of common stock of MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut are now directly held by MetLife, Inc. MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut does not expect to pay a dividend in 2014.
In August 2014, following the common stock redemption, MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut received a capital contribution from MetLife, Inc. of $231 million.
Disposition
In May 2014, the Company completed the sale of its wholly-owned subsidiary, MAL, for $702 million (£418 million) in net cash consideration. As a result of the sale, a loss of $608 million ($436 million, net of income tax) was recorded, which includes a reduction to goodwill of $112 million ($94 million, net of income tax). The loss on the sale was increased by net income from MAL of $77 million through the date of sale. Following the adoption of new guidance effective January 1, 2014, MAL’s results of operations have been included in continuing operations in subsequent quarterly filings. They were historically included in the Corporate Benefit Funding segment.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Schedule I
Consolidated Summary of Investments —
Other Than Investments in Related Parties
December 31, 2013
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Types of Investments | | Cost or Amortized Cost (1) | | Estimated Fair Value | | Amount at Which Shown on Balance Sheet |
Fixed maturity securities: | | | | | | |
Bonds: | | | | | | |
U.S. Treasury and agency securities | | $ | 8,188 |
| | $ | 8,294 |
| | $ | 8,294 |
|
Public utilities | | 3,966 |
| | 4,275 |
| | 4,275 |
|
State and political subdivision securities | | 2,147 |
| | 2,224 |
| | 2,224 |
|
Foreign government securities | | 1,038 |
| | 1,122 |
| | 1,122 |
|
All other corporate bonds | | 19,512 |
| | 20,478 |
| | 20,478 |
|
Total bonds | | 34,851 |
| | 36,393 |
| | 36,393 |
|
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | | 8,214 |
| | 8,393 |
| | 8,393 |
|
Redeemable preferred stock | | 412 |
| | 466 |
| | 466 |
|
Total fixed maturity securities | | 43,477 |
| | 45,252 |
| | 45,252 |
|
Equity securities: | | | | | | |
Common stock: | | | | | | |
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other | | 161 |
| | 201 |
| | 201 |
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock | | 236 |
| | 217 |
| | 217 |
|
Total equity securities | | 397 |
| | 418 |
| | 418 |
|
Mortgage loans, net | | 7,718 |
| | | | 7,718 |
|
Policy loans | | 1,219 |
| | | | 1,219 |
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures | | 754 |
| | | | 754 |
|
Other limited partnership interests | | 2,130 |
| | | | 2,130 |
|
Short-term investments | | 2,107 |
| | | | 2,107 |
|
Other invested assets | | 2,555 |
| | | | 2,555 |
|
Total investments | | $ | 60,357 |
| | | | $ | 62,153 |
|
______________ | |
(1) | Cost or amortized cost for fixed maturity securities and mortgage loans represents original cost reduced by repayments, valuation allowances and impairments from other-than-temporary declines in estimated fair value that are charged to earnings and adjusted for amortization of premiums or discounts; for equity securities, cost represents original cost reduced by impairments from other-than-temporary declines in estimated fair value; for real estate, cost represents original cost reduced by impairments and adjusted for valuation allowances and depreciation; for real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership interests cost represents original cost reduced for other-than-temporary impairments or original cost adjusted for equity in earnings and distributions. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Schedule II
Condensed Financial Information
(Parent Company Only)
December 31, 2013 and 2012
(In millions, except share and per share data)
|
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 |
Condensed Balance Sheets | | | | |
Assets | | | | |
Investments: | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (amortized cost: $28,548 and $32,018, respectively) | | $ | 29,690 |
| | $ | 35,152 |
|
Equity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (cost: $284 and $273, respectively) | | 319 |
| | 277 |
|
Mortgage loans (net of valuation allowances of $19 and $22, respectively) | | 4,224 |
| | 4,703 |
|
Policy loans | | 1,068 |
| | 1,086 |
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures | | 419 |
| | 371 |
|
Other limited partnership interests | | 1,318 |
| | 1,181 |
|
Short-term investments, principally at estimated fair value | | 1,512 |
| | 1,833 |
|
Investment in subsidiaries | | 6,099 |
| | 6,641 |
|
Loans to subsidiaries | | 680 |
| | 305 |
|
Other invested assets, principally at estimated fair value | | 1,139 |
| | 1,682 |
|
Total investments | | 46,468 |
| | 53,231 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents, principally at estimated fair value | | 417 |
| | 553 |
|
Accrued investment income | | 287 |
| | 316 |
|
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables | | 7,195 |
| | 7,003 |
|
Receivables from subsidiaries | | 858 |
| | 833 |
|
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired | | 1,011 |
| | 789 |
|
Current income tax recoverable | | 88 |
| | — |
|
Goodwill | | 493 |
| | 558 |
|
Other assets | | 132 |
| | 140 |
|
Separate account assets | | 16,036 |
| | 15,238 |
|
Total assets | | $ | 72,985 |
| | $ | 78,661 |
|
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | |
Future policy benefits | | $ | 19,099 |
| | $ | 19,632 |
|
Policyholder account balances | | 22,387 |
| | 24,039 |
|
Other policy-related balances | | 246 |
| | 872 |
|
Payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions | | 4,811 |
| | 6,477 |
|
Long-term debt — affiliated | | 750 |
| | 750 |
|
Current income tax payable | | — |
| | 3 |
|
Deferred income tax liability | | 16 |
| | 266 |
|
Other liabilities | | 852 |
| | 824 |
|
Separate account liabilities | | 16,036 |
| | 15,238 |
|
Total liabilities | | 64,197 |
| | 68,101 |
|
Stockholders’ Equity | | | | |
Common stock, par value $2.50 per share; 40,000,000 shares authorized; 34,595,317 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012 | | 86 |
| | 86 |
|
Additional paid-in capital | | 6,737 |
| | 6,718 |
|
Retained earnings | | 1,076 |
| | 1,356 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | | 889 |
| | 2,400 |
|
Total stockholders’ equity | | 8,788 |
| | 10,560 |
|
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 72,985 |
| | $ | 78,661 |
|
See accompanying notes to the condensed financial information.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Schedule II
Condensed Financial Information — (Continued)
(Parent Company Only)
For the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Condensed Statements of Operations | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | | | | |
Premiums | | $ | 181 |
| | $ | 144 |
| | $ | 148 |
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees | | 645 |
| | 662 |
| | 632 |
|
Net investment income | | 1,797 |
| | 1,854 |
| | 1,943 |
|
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | | 287 |
| | 773 |
| | 574 |
|
Other revenues | | 147 |
| | 151 |
| | 154 |
|
Net investment gains (losses) | | 54 |
| | 20 |
| | 14 |
|
Net derivative gains (losses) | | (105 | ) | | (140 | ) | | 241 |
|
Total revenues | | 3,006 |
| | 3,464 |
| | 3,706 |
|
Expenses | | | | | | |
Policyholder benefits and claims | | 916 |
| | 797 |
| | 755 |
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances | | 618 |
| | 666 |
| | 710 |
|
Goodwill impairment | | 66 |
| | 327 |
| | — |
|
Other expenses | | 499 |
| | 576 |
| | 772 |
|
Total expenses | | 2,099 |
| | 2,366 |
| | 2,237 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income tax | | 907 |
| | 1,098 |
| | 1,469 |
|
Provision for income tax expense (benefit) | | 187 |
| | (20 | ) | | 295 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of income tax | | 720 |
| | 1,118 |
| | 1,174 |
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax | | — |
| | 8 |
| | — |
|
Net income (loss) | | $ | 720 |
| | $ | 1,126 |
| | $ | 1,174 |
|
Comprehensive income (loss) | | $ | (791 | ) | | $ | 1,755 |
| | $ | 2,728 |
|
See accompanying notes to the condensed financial information.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Schedule II
Condensed Financial Information — (Continued)
(Parent Company Only)
For the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 |
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows | | | | | | |
Cash flows from operating activities | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | $ | 957 |
| | $ | 1,184 |
| | $ | 886 |
|
Cash flows from investing activities | | | | | | |
Sales, maturities, and repayments of: | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities | | 14,647 |
| | 10,714 |
| | 13,921 |
|
Equity securities | | 56 |
| | 46 |
| | 163 |
|
Mortgage loans | | 1,154 |
| | 845 |
| | 552 |
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures | | 58 |
| | 47 |
| | 12 |
|
Other limited partnership interests | | 102 |
| | 154 |
| | 159 |
|
Purchases of: | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities | | (11,000 | ) | | (10,729 | ) | | (11,658 | ) |
Equity securities | | (51 | ) | | (27 | ) | | (22 | ) |
Mortgage loans | | (648 | ) | | (428 | ) | | (946 | ) |
Real estate and real estate joint ventures | | (129 | ) | | (77 | ) | | (83 | ) |
Other limited partnership interests | | (192 | ) | | (179 | ) | | (214 | ) |
Cash received in connection with freestanding derivatives | | 73 |
| | 362 |
| | 375 |
|
Cash paid in connection with freestanding derivatives | | (644 | ) | | (322 | ) | | (453 | ) |
Dividends from subsidiaries | | 25 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Returns of capital from subsidiaries | | 52 |
| | 84 |
| | 49 |
|
Capital contributions to subsidiaries | | (3 | ) | | (166 | ) | | (422 | ) |
Issuances of loans to affiliates | | (375 | ) | | — |
| | (305 | ) |
Net change in policy loans | | 18 |
| | 15 |
| | 26 |
|
Net change in short-term investments | | 321 |
| | (251 | ) | | (487 | ) |
Net change in other invested assets | | (39 | ) | | (50 | ) | | (16 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | 3,425 |
| | 38 |
| | 651 |
|
Cash flows from financing activities | | | | | | |
Policyholder account balances: | | | | | | |
Deposits | | 12,156 |
| | 11,577 |
| | 14,151 |
|
Withdrawals | | (13,987 | ) | | (12,298 | ) | | (15,754 | ) |
Net change in payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions | | (1,666 | ) | | 102 |
| | (482 | ) |
Financing element on certain derivative instruments | | (21 | ) | | 75 |
| | 127 |
|
Return of capital | | — |
| | — |
| | (47 | ) |
Dividends on common stock | | (1,000 | ) | | (504 | ) | | (517 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | (4,518 | ) | | (1,048 | ) | | (2,522 | ) |
Change in cash and cash equivalents | | (136 | ) | | 174 |
| | (985 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | | 553 |
| | 379 |
| | 1,364 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | | $ | 417 |
| | $ | 553 |
| | $ | 379 |
|
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | | | | | | |
Net cash paid (received) for: | | | | | | |
Interest | | $ | 64 |
| | $ | 64 |
| | $ | 64 |
|
Income tax | | $ | 120 |
| | $ | (194 | ) | | $ | (66 | ) |
Non-cash transactions: | | | | | | |
Capital contribution from MetLife, Inc. | | $ | 19 |
| | $ | 45 |
| | $ | — |
|
Returns of capital from subsidiaries | | $ | — |
| | $ | 202 |
| | $ | — |
|
Capital contributions to subsidiaries | | $ | 16 |
| | $ | 31 |
| | $ | — |
|
See accompanying notes to the condensed financial information.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Schedule II
Notes to the Condensed Financial Information
(Parent Company Only)
1. Basis of Presentation
The condensed financial information of MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut (the “Parent Company”) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut and its subsidiaries and the notes thereto. These condensed unconsolidated financial statements reflect the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the Parent Company. Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.
The preparation of these condensed unconsolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to adopt accounting policies and make certain estimates and assumptions. The most important of these estimates and assumptions relate to the fair value measurements, the accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets and the provision for potential losses that may arise from litigation and regulatory proceedings and tax audits, which may affect the amounts reported in the condensed unconsolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
2. Support Agreement
The Parent Company has entered into a net worth maintenance agreement with its indirect subsidiary, MetLife Assurance Limited (“MAL”), a United Kingdom company. Under the agreement, the Parent Company agreed, without limitation as to amount, to cause MAL to have capital and surplus equal to the greater of (a) £50 million, (b) such amount that will be sufficient to provide solvency cover equal to 175% of MAL’s capital resources requirement as defined by applicable law and regulation as required by the Financial Services Authority of the United Kingdom (the “FSA”) or any successor body, or (c) such amount that will be sufficient to provide solvency cover equal to 125% of MAL’s individual capital guidance as defined by applicable law and regulation as required by the FSA or any successor body. As described in Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, a subsidiary of MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut reached an agreement to sell MAL to a third party. Upon the close of such sale, the Parent Company’s obligations under this net worth maintenance agreement will terminate.
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Schedule III
Consolidated Supplementary Insurance Information
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment | | DAC and VOBA | | Future Policy Benefits and Other Policy-Related Balances | | Policyholder Account Balances | | Unearned Premiums (1), (2) | | Unearned Revenue (1) |
2013 | | | | | | | | | | |
Retail | | $ | 4,698 |
| | $ | 10,345 |
| | $ | 25,499 |
| | $ | 9 |
| | $ | 156 |
|
Corporate Benefit Funding | | 6 |
| | 14,270 |
| | 7,952 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
|
Corporate & Other | | 26 |
| | 6,540 |
| | 2 |
| | 4 |
| | — |
|
Total | | $ | 4,730 |
| | $ | 31,155 |
| | $ | 33,453 |
| | $ | 13 |
| | $ | 158 |
|
2012 | | | | | | | | | | |
Retail | | $ | 3,738 |
| | $ | 9,355 |
| | $ | 28,287 |
| | $ | 9 |
| | $ | 158 |
|
Corporate Benefit Funding | | 8 |
| | 15,078 |
| | 8,688 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
|
Corporate & Other | | — |
| | 6,288 |
| | 1 |
| | 4 |
| | — |
|
Total | | $ | 3,746 |
| | $ | 30,721 |
| | $ | 36,976 |
| | $ | 13 |
| | $ | 160 |
|
2011 | | | | | | | | | | |
Retail | | $ | 4,080 |
| | $ | 7,915 |
| | $ | 30,001 |
| | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 184 |
|
Corporate Benefit Funding | | 13 |
| | 14,042 |
| | 8,375 |
| | — |
| | 2 |
|
Corporate & Other | | 128 |
| | 6,515 |
| | 3,699 |
| | 5 |
| | 72 |
|
Total | | $ | 4,221 |
| | $ | 28,472 |
| | $ | 42,075 |
| | $ | 12 |
| | $ | 258 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Amounts are included within the future policy benefits and other policy-related balances column. |
| |
(2) | Includes premiums received in advance. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Schedule III
Consolidated Supplementary Insurance Information — (Continued)
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment | | Premium Revenue and Policy Charges | | Net Investment Income | | Policyholder Benefits and Claims and Interest Credited to Policyholder Account Balances | | Amortization of DAC and VOBA Charged to Other Expenses | | Other Operating Expenses (1) |
2013 | | | | | | | | | | |
Retail | | $ | 2,688 |
| | $ | 1,515 |
| | $ | 1,875 |
| | $ | 44 |
| | $ | 1,341 |
|
Corporate Benefit Funding | | 219 |
| | 1,108 |
| | 855 |
| | 5 |
| | 34 |
|
Corporate & Other | | 35 |
| | 229 |
| | 14 |
| | 1 |
| | 234 |
|
Total | | $ | 2,942 |
| | $ | 2,852 |
| | $ | 2,744 |
| | $ | 50 |
| | $ | 1,609 |
|
2012 | | | | | | | | | | |
Retail | | $ | 2,716 |
| | $ | 1,434 |
| | $ | 2,031 |
| | $ | 1,023 |
| | $ | 1,381 |
|
Corporate Benefit Funding | | 658 |
| | 1,111 |
| | 1,318 |
| | 10 |
| | 36 |
|
Corporate & Other | | 148 |
| | 407 |
| | 187 |
| | 2 |
| | 268 |
|
Total | | $ | 3,522 |
| | $ | 2,952 |
| | $ | 3,536 |
| | $ | 1,035 |
| | $ | 1,685 |
|
2011 | | | | | | | | | | |
Retail | | $ | 2,596 |
| | $ | 1,360 |
| | $ | 1,984 |
| | $ | 1,149 |
| | $ | 1,268 |
|
Corporate Benefit Funding | | 1,105 |
| | 1,142 |
| | 1,763 |
| | 4 |
| | 36 |
|
Corporate & Other | | 83 |
| | 572 |
| | 102 |
| | 6 |
| | 518 |
|
Total | | $ | 3,784 |
| | $ | 3,074 |
| | $ | 3,849 |
| | $ | 1,159 |
| | $ | 1,822 |
|
______________
| |
(1) | Includes other expenses, excluding amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) and value of business acquired (“VOBA”) charged to other expenses. |
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)
Schedule IV
Consolidated Reinsurance
December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(In millions)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Gross Amount | | Ceded | | Assumed | | Net Amount | | % Amount Assumed to Net |
2013 | | | | | | | | | | |
Life insurance in-force | | $ | 466,650 |
| | $ | 424,836 |
| | $ | 7,273 |
| | $ | 49,087 |
| | 14.8 | % |
Insurance premium | | | | | | | | | | |
Life insurance | | $ | 1,327 |
| | $ | 737 |
| | $ | 10 |
| | $ | 600 |
| | 1.7 | % |
Accident and health insurance | | 234 |
| | 228 |
| | — |
| | 6 |
| | — |
|
Total insurance premium | | $ | 1,561 |
| | $ | 965 |
| | $ | 10 |
| | $ | 606 |
| | 1.7 | % |
2012 | | | | | | | | | | |
Life insurance in-force | | $ | 428,803 |
| | $ | 391,045 |
| | $ | 7,750 |
| | $ | 45,508 |
| | 17.0 | % |
Insurance premium | | | | | | | | | | |
Life insurance | | $ | 1,815 |
| | $ | 572 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | $ | 1,254 |
| | 0.9 | % |
Accident and health insurance | | 248 |
| | 241 |
| | — |
| | 7 |
| | — |
|
Total insurance premium | | $ | 2,063 |
| | $ | 813 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | $ | 1,261 |
| | 0.9 | % |
2011 | | | | | | | | | | |
Life insurance in-force | | $ | 378,153 |
| | $ | 340,477 |
| | $ | 8,085 |
| | $ | 45,761 |
| | 17.7 | % |
Insurance premium | | | | | | | | | | |
Life insurance | | $ | 2,180 |
| | $ | 366 |
| | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 1,821 |
| | 0.4 | % |
Accident and health insurance | | 249 |
| | 242 |
| | — |
| | 7 |
| | — |
|
Total insurance premium | | $ | 2,429 |
| | $ | 608 |
| | $ | 7 |
| | $ | 1,828 |
| | 0.4 | % |
For the year ended December 31, 2013, reinsurance ceded and assumed included affiliated transactions for life insurance in-force of $269.9 billion and $7.3 billion, respectively, and life insurance premiums of $638 million and $10 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2012, reinsurance ceded and assumed included affiliated transactions for life insurance in-force of $237.2 billion and $7.8 billion, respectively, and life insurance premiums of $478 million and $11 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2011, reinsurance ceded and assumed included affiliated transactions for life insurance in-force of $195.2 billion and $8.1 billion, respectively, and life insurance premiums of $286 million and $7 million, respectively.