Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Nature of Operations Southwestern Energy Company (including its subsidiaries, collectively “Southwestern” or the “Company”) is an independent energy company engaged in natural gas, oil and NGLs exploration, development and production (“E&P”). The Company is also focused on creating and capturing additional value through its marketing business (“Marketing”), which was previously referred to as “Midstream” when it included the operations of gathering systems. Southwestern conducts most of its business through subsidiaries and operates principally in two segments: E&P and Marketing. E&P. Southwestern’s primary business is the exploration for and production of natural gas, oil and NGLs, with ongoing operations focused on the development of unconventional natural gas and oil reservoirs located in Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia. The Company’s operations in northeast Pennsylvania, herein referred to as “Northeast Appalachia,” are primarily focused on the unconventional natural gas reservoir known as the Marcellus Shale. Operations in West Virginia, Ohio and southwest Pennsylvania, herein referred to as “Southwest Appalachia,” are focused on the Marcellus Shale, the Utica and the Upper Devonian unconventional natural gas and oil reservoirs. Collectively, Southwestern refers to its properties located in Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia as “Appalachia.” The Company also operates drilling rigs located in Appalachia, and provides oilfield products and services, principally serving the Company's E&P operations through vertical integration. In August 2020, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") with Montage Resources Corporation ("Montage") pursuant to which Montage will merge with and into Southwestern, with Southwestern continuing as the surviving company (the "Merger"). The Company acquired at the effective time of the merger all of the outstanding shares of common stock in Montage in exchange for 1.8656 shares of Southwestern common stock per share of Montage common stock. The transaction closed on November 13, 2020. The Merger expanded the Company's footprint in Appalachia by supplementing the Northeast Appalachia and Southwest Appalachia operations and by expanding the Company's operations into Ohio. See Note 3 for more information about the Merger. Marketing. Southwestern’s marketing activities capture opportunities that arise through the marketing and transportation of natural gas, oil and NGLs primarily produced in its E&P operations. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report present the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, if any, at the date of the financial statements, and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company evaluates subsequent events through the date the financial statements are issued. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Southwestern and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. In 2015, the Company purchased an 86% ownership in a limited partnership that owns and operates a gathering system in Northeast Appalachia. Because the Company owns a controlling interest in the partnership, the operating and financial results are consolidated with the Company’s E&P segment results. The minority partner’s share of the partnership activity is reported in retained earnings in the consolidated financial statements. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was insignificant. Major Customers The Company sells the vast majority of its E&P natural gas, oil and NGL production to third-party customers through its marketing subsidiary. Customers include major energy companies, utilities and industrial purchasers of Natural gas. For the year ended December 31, 2020, one purchaser accounted for 10% of total revenues. A default on this account could have a material impact on the Company, but the Company does not believe that there is a material risk of default. No other purchasers accounted for greater than 10% of consolidated revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2019, no single customer accounted for 10% or greater of total sales. The Company believes that the loss of any one customer would not have an adverse effect on its ability to sell its natural gas, oil and NGL production. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents are defined by the Company as short-term, highly liquid investments that have an original maturity of three months or less and deposits in money market mutual funds that are readily convertible into cash. Management considers cash and cash equivalents to have minimal credit and market risk as the Company monitors the credit status of the financial institutions holding its cash and marketable securities. The following table presents a summary of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019: (in millions) December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Cash $ 13 $ 5 Marketable securities (1) — — Total $ 13 $ 5 (1) Consists of government stable value money market funds. Immaterial as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. Certain of the Company’s cash accounts are zero-balance controlled disbursement accounts. The Company presents the outstanding checks written against these zero-balance accounts as a component of accounts payable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Outstanding checks included as a component of accounts payable totaled $16 million and $15 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Property, Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization Natural Gas and Oil Properties . The Company utilizes the full cost method of accounting for costs related to the exploration, development and acquisition of natural gas and oil properties. Under this method, all such costs (productive and nonproductive), including salaries, benefits and other internal costs directly attributable to these activities, are capitalized on a country-by-country basis and amortized over the estimated lives of the properties using the units-of-production method. These capitalized costs are subject to a ceiling test that limits such pooled costs, net of applicable deferred taxes, to the aggregate of the present value of future net revenues attributable to proved natural gas, oil and NGL reserves discounted at 10% (standardized measure). Any costs in excess of the ceiling are written off as a non-cash expense. The expense may not be reversed in future periods, even though higher natural gas, oil and NGL prices may subsequently increase the ceiling. Companies using the full cost method are required to use the average quoted price from the first day of each month from the previous 12 months, including the impact of derivatives designated for hedge accounting, to calculate the ceiling value of their reserves. Decreases in market prices as well as changes in production rates, levels of reserves, evaluation of costs excluded from amortization, future development costs and production costs could result in future ceiling test impairments. Costs associated with unevaluated properties are excluded from the amortization base until the properties are evaluated or impairment is indicated. The costs associated with unevaluated leasehold acreage and related seismic data, wells currently drilling and related capitalized interest are initially excluded from the amortization base. Leasehold costs are either transferred to the amortization base with the costs of drilling a well on the lease or are assessed at least annually for possible impairment or reduction in value. The Company’s decision to withhold costs from amortization and the timing of the transfer of those costs into the amortization base involves judgment and may be subject to changes over time based on several factors, including drilling plans, availability of capital, project economics and drilling results from adjacent acreage. At December 31, 2020, the Company had a total of $1,472 million of costs excluded from the amortization base, all of which related to its properties in the United States. Inclusion of some or all of these costs in the Company’s United States properties in the future, without adding any associated reserves, could result in additional non-cash ceiling test impairments. In the first, second and third quarters of 2020, the net book value of the Company's United States natural gas and oil properties exceeded the ceiling by approximately $1,479 million, $650 million and $361 million, respectively, and resulted in non-cash ceiling test impairments. At December 31, 2020, using the average quoted price from the first day of each month from the previous 12 months for Henry Hub natural gas of $1.98 per MMBtu, West Texas Intermediate oil of $39.57 per barrel and NGLs of $10.27 per barrel, adjusted for market differentials, the Company’s net book value of its United States natural gas and oil properties exceeded the ceiling by approximately $335 million and resulted in an additional non-cash ceiling test impairment. The Company had no derivative positions that were designated for hedge accounting as of December 31, 2020. No impairment expense was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2020 in relation to the Company’s recently acquired Montage natural gas and oil properties. These properties were recorded at fair value as of November 13, 2020, in accordance with ASC 820 Fair Value Measurement . Pursuant to SEC guidance, the Company determined that the fair value of the properties acquired at the closing of the Merger clearly exceeded the related full-cost ceiling limitation beyond a reasonable doubt and received a waiver from the SEC to exclude the properties acquired in the Merger from the ceiling test calculation. This waiver was granted for all reporting periods through and including the quarter ending September 30, 2021 as long as the Company can continue to demonstrate that the fair value of properties acquired clearly exceeds the full cost ceiling limitation beyond a reasonable doubt in each reporting period. As part of the waiver received from the SEC, the Company is required to disclose what the full cost ceiling test impairment amounts for all periods presented in each applicable quarterly and annual filing would have been if the waiver had not been granted. The fair value of the properties acquired in the Merger was based on forward strip natural gas and oil pricing existing at the date of the Merger, and management affirmed that there has not been a material decline to the fair value of these acquired assets since the Merger. The properties acquired in the Merger have an unamortized cost at December 31, 2020 of $1,087 million. Had management not received the waiver from the SEC, the impairment charge recorded would have been an additional $539 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Using the average quoted price from the first day of each month from the previous 12 months for Henry Hub natural gas of $2.58 per MMBtu, West Texas Intermediate oil of $55.69 per barrel and NGLs of $11.58 per barrel, adjusted for market differentials, the Company’s net book value of its United States natural gas and oil properties did not exceed the ceiling amount and did not result in a ceiling test impairment at December 31, 2019. The Company had no derivative positions that were designated for hedge accounting as of December 31, 2019. Using the average quoted price from the first day of each month from the previous 12 months for Henry Hub natural gas of $3.10 per MMBtu, West Texas Intermediate oil of $65.56 per barrel and NGLs of $17.64 per barrel, adjusted for market differentials, the Company’s net book value of its United States natural gas and oil properties did not exceed the ceiling amount and did not results in a ceiling test impairment at December 31, 2018. The Company had no derivative positions that were designated for hedge accounting as of December 31, 2018. Capitalized Interest . Interest is capitalized on the cost of unevaluated natural gas and oil properties that are excluded from amortization. Asset Retirement Obligations . Natural gas and oil properties require expenditures to plug and abandon the wells and reclaim the associated pads and other supporting infrastructure when the wells are no longer producing. An asset retirement obligation associated with the retirement of a tangible long-lived asset such as oil and gas properties is recognized as a liability in the period incurred or when it becomes determinable, with an associated increase in the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. The cost of the tangible asset, including the asset retirement cost, is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. The asset retirement obligation is recorded at its estimated fair value, and accretion expense is recognized over time as the discounted liability is accreted to its expected settlement value. Other Property and Equipment. The Company’s non-full cost pool assets include water facilities, gathering systems, technology infrastructure, land, buildings and other equipment with useful lives that range from 3 to 30 years. The estimated useful lives of those assets depreciated under the straight-line method are as follows: Water facilities 5 – 10 years Gathering systems 15 – 25 years Technology infrastructure 3 – 7 years Drilling rigs and equipment 3 years Buildings and leasehold improvements 10 – 30 years Other property, plant and equipment is comprised of the following: (in millions) December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Water facilities $ 228 $ 217 Gathering systems 54 32 Technology infrastructure 133 154 Drilling rigs and equipment 26 32 Land, buildings and leasehold improvements 41 41 Other 41 44 Less: Accumulated depreciation and impairment (311) (300) Total $ 212 $ 220 Impairment of Long-Lived Assets . The carrying value of non-full cost pool long-lived assets is evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it may not be recoverable. Should an impairment exist, the impairment loss would be measured as the amount that the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 the Company recognized non-cash impairments of $5 million and $16 million, respectively, for non-core assets. During 2018, the Company recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $160 million related to gathering and other E&P assets sold in the Fayetteville Shale sale and $11 million related to other non-core assets. Intangible Assets . The carrying value of intangible assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it may not be recoverable. Intangible assets are amortized over their useful life. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had $48 million and $56 million, respectively, in marketing-related intangible assets that were included in Other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company amortized $9 million of its marketing-related intangible asset in each of the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, and expects to amortize $8 million in 2021 and $5 million per year for the four years thereafter. Leases The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception or as a result of an acquisition. A lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. A right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability are recognized on the balance sheet at commencement at an amount based on the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term. As the implicit rate of the lease is not always readily determinable, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate to calculate the present value of the lease payments based on information available at commencement date, such as the initial lease term. Operating right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are presented separately on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company does not have any finance leases as of December 31, 2020. By policy election, leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis, and variable lease payments are recognized in the period as incurred. Certain leases contain both lease and non-lease components. The Company has chosen to account for most of these leases as a single lease component instead of bifurcating lease and non-lease components. However, for compression service leases and fleet vehicle leases, the lease and non-lease components are accounted for separately. The Company leases drilling rigs, pressure pumping equipment, vehicles, office space, certain water transportation lines and other equipment under non-cancelable operating leases expiring through 2036. Certain lease agreements include options to renew the lease, early terminate the lease or purchase the underlying asset(s). The Company determines the lease term at the lease commencement date as the non-cancelable period of the lease, including options to extend or terminate the lease when such an option is reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company’s water transportation lines are the only leases with renewal options that are reasonably certain to be exercised. These renewal options are reflected in the right-of-use asset and lease liability balances. Income Taxes The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the financial carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rate expected to be in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the year of the enacted rate change. Deferred income taxes are provided to recognize the income tax effect of reporting certain transactions in different years for income tax and financial reporting purposes. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, including net operating losses, is recognized when it is more likely than not that some or all of the benefit from the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a recognition and measurement threshold for tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities based on technical merits of the position. The amount of the tax benefit recognized is the largest amount of the benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The effective tax rate and the tax basis of assets and liabilities reflect management’s estimates of the ultimate outcome of various tax uncertainties. The Company recognizes penalties and interest related to uncertain tax positions within the provision (benefit) for income taxes line in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Additional information regarding uncertain tax positions along with the impact of the Tax Reform Act can be found in Note 11 . Derivative Financial Instruments The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage defined commodity price risks and does not use them for speculative trading purposes. The Company uses derivative instruments to financially protect sales of natural gas, oil and NGLs. In addition, the Company uses interest rate swaps to manage exposure to unfavorable interest rate changes. Since the Company does not designate its derivatives for hedge accounting treatment, gains and losses resulting from the settlement of derivative contracts have been recognized in gain (loss) on derivatives in the consolidated statements of operations when the contracts expire and the related physical transactions of the underlying commodity are settled. Additionally, changes in the fair value of the unsettled portion of derivative contracts are also recognized in gain (loss) on derivatives in the consolidated statement of operations. See Note 6 and Note 8 for a discussion of the Company’s hedging activities. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reportable period. The diluted earnings per share calculation adds to the weighted average number of common shares outstanding: the incremental shares that would have been outstanding assuming the exercise of dilutive stock options, the vesting of unvested restricted shares of common stock, restricted stock units and performance units. An antidilutive impact is an increase in earnings per share or a reduction in net loss per share resulting from the conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of certain securities. In August 2020, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 63,250,000 shares of its common stock with an offering price to the public of $2.50 per share. Net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses were approximately $152 million. See Note 3 for additional details regarding the Company's use of proceeds from the equity offering. Under the Agreement and Plan of Merger, Montage shareholders received 1.8656 shares of Southwestern common stock for each share of Montage common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the date of Merger. On November 13, 2020, the Company issued 69,740,848 shares of its common stock, or approximately $213 million in value (based on Southwestern common stock closing price as of November 13, 2020 of $3.05), as Merger consideration. In January 2015, the Company issued 34,500,000 depositary shares that entitled the holder to a proportional fractional interest in the rights and preferences of the mandatory convertible preferred stock, including conversion, dividend, liquidation and voting rights. The mandatory convertible preferred stock had the non-forfeitable right to participate on an as-converted basis at the conversion rate then in effect in any common stock dividends declared and, therefore, was considered a participating security. Accordingly, it has been included in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share, pursuant to the two-class method. In the calculation of basic earnings per share attributable to common shareholders, earnings are allocated to participating securities based on actual dividend distributions received plus a proportionate share of undistributed net income attributable to common shareholders, if any, after recognizing distributed earnings. The Company’s participating securities do not participate in undistributed net losses because they are not contractually obligated to do so. In January 2018, all outstanding shares of mandatory convertible preferred stock were converted to 74,998,614 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company paid its last dividend payment of approximately $27 million associated with the depositary shares in January 2018. As part of the Company’s share repurchase program, the Company paid approximately $180 million to repurchase 39,061,268 shares of its outstanding common stock in 2018 and paid approximately $21 million to repurchase 5,260,687 shares in 2019, which are included in the Company's treasury stock. The following table presents the computation of earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018: For the years ended December 31, (in millions, except share/per share amounts) 2020 2019 2018 Net income (loss) $ (3,112) $ 891 $ 537 Participating securities – mandatory convertible preferred stock — — 2 Net income (loss) attributable to common stock $ (3,112) $ 891 $ 535 Number of common shares: Weighted average outstanding 573,889,502 539,345,343 574,631,756 Issued upon assumed exercise of outstanding stock options — — — Effect of issuance of non-vested restricted common stock — 361,380 698,103 Effect of issuance of non-vested restricted units — — — Effect of issuance of non-vested performance units — 676,191 1,312,949 Weighted average and potential dilutive outstanding 573,889,502 540,382,914 576,642,808 Earnings (loss) per common share: Basic $ (5.42) $ 1.65 $ 0.93 Diluted $ (5.42) $ 1.65 $ 0.93 The following table presents the common stock shares equivalent excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, as they would have had an antidilutive effect: For the years ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 Unexercised stock options 4,427,040 5,078,253 5,909,082 Unvested share-based payment 962,662 1,728,264 3,692,794 Restricted units 4,452,876 — — Performance units 2,818,653 271,268 642,568 Mandatory convertible preferred stock — — 2,465,708 Total 12,661,231 7,077,785 12,710,152 Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information The following table provides additional information concerning interest and income taxes paid as well as changes in noncash investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018: For the years ended December 31, (in millions) 2020 2019 2018 Cash paid during the year for interest, net of amounts capitalized $ 75 $ 58 $ 135 Cash paid (received) during the year for income taxes (32) (52) 6 Increase (decrease) in noncash property additions 1,084 (1) 41 (42) (1) Includes $1,097 million in noncash additions related to the Montage Merger. Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation transactions using a fair value method and recognizes an amount equal to the fair value of the stock options and stock-based payment cost in either the consolidated statement of operations and capitalizes the cost into natural gas and oil properties included in property and equipment. Costs are capitalized when they are directly related to the acquisition, exploration and development activities of the Company’s natural gas and oil properties. See Note 14 for a discussion of the Company’s stock-based compensation. Liability-Classified Awards The Company classifies certain awards that can or will be settled in cash as liability awards. The fair value of a liability-classified award is determined on a quarterly basis beginning at the grant date until final vesting. Changes in the fair value of liability-classified awards are recorded to general and administrative expense, operating expense and capitalized expense over the vesting period of the award. The Company’s liability-classified performance unit awards that were granted in 2018 include a performance condition based on cash flow per debt-adjusted share and two market conditions, one based on absolute total shareholder return (“TSR”) and the other on relative TSR as compared to a group of the Company’s peers. The Company’s liability-classified performance unit awards that were granted in 2019 include a performance condition based on the return of average capital employed and the same two market conditions as in the 2018 awards. The liability-based performance unit awards granted in 2020 include a performance condition based on return on average capital employed and a market condition based on relative TSR. The fair values of the market conditions discussed above are calculated by Monte Carlo models on a quarterly basis. See Note 14 for a discussion of the Company’s stock-based compensation. Cash-Based Compensation The Company classifies certain awards that will be settled in cash as cash-based compensation. The Company recognizes the cost of these awards as general and administrative expense, operating expense and capitalized expense over the vesting period of the awards. The performance cash awards include a performance condition determined annually by the Company. If the Company, in its sole discretion, determines that the threshold was not met, the amount for that vesting period will not vest and will be canceled. Treasury Stock In 2018, the Company repurchased 39,061,268 shares of its outstanding common stock per a previously announced share repurchase program at an average price of $4.63 per share for approximately $180 million. In 2019, the Company completed its share repurchase program by purchasing another 5,260,687 shares of its outstanding common stock for approximately $21 million at an average price of $3.84 per share. The Company maintains a frozen legacy non-qualified deferred compensation supplemental retirement savings plan for certain key employees whereby participants could elect to defer and contribute a portion of their compensation to a Rabbi Trust, as permitted by the plan. The Company includes the assets and liabilities of its supplemental retirement savings plan in its consolidated balance sheet. Shares of the Company’s common stock purchased under the non-qualified deferred compensation arrangement are held in the Rabbi Trust, are presented as treasury stock and are carried at cost. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, 3,632 shares and 5,115 shares, respectively, were held in the Rabbi Trust and were accounted for as treasury stock. Foreign Currency Translation The Company has designated the Canadian dollar as the functional currency for its activities in Canada. The cumulative translation effects of translating the accounts from the functional currency into the U.S. dollar at current exchange rates are included as a separate component of other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity. New Accounting Standards Implemented in this Report In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-13, Fair Value Management (ASC 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements ("ASU 2018-13"), which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 became effective for public business entities for annual and interim periods in the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. As a result of this adoption, this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“Update 2016-13”). Update 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including but not limited to trade receivables. For public business entities, the new standard became effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period. From an evaluation of the Company’s existing and recently acquired credit portfolios, which include trade receivables from commodity sales, joint interest billings due from partners and other receivables and cash equivalents, historical credit losses have been de minimis and are expected to remain so in the future assuming no substantial changes to the business or creditworthiness of our business counterparties. Update 2016-13 did not have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or related control environment upon adoption on January 1, 2020. New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted in this Report In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans ("ASU 2018-14"). This ASU amends, adds and removes certain disclosure requirements under FASB ASC Topic 715 – Compensation – Retirement Benefits. The guidance in ASU 2018-14 is effective for fiscal ye |