Loans | Loans The following is a summary of loans: (Dollars in thousands) September 30, December 31, 2019 Commercial: Commercial real estate (1) $1,665,745 $1,547,572 Commercial & industrial (2) 822,269 585,289 Total commercial 2,488,014 2,132,861 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate (3) 1,506,726 1,449,090 Consumer: Home equity 268,551 290,874 Other (4) 18,756 20,174 Total consumer 287,307 311,048 Total loans (5) $4,282,047 $3,892,999 (1) Commercial real estate (“CRE”) consists of commercial mortgages primarily secured by income-producing property, as well as construction and development loans. Construction and development loans are made to businesses for land development or the on-site construction of industrial, commercial, or residential buildings. (2) Commercial and industrial (“C&I”) consists of loans to businesses and individuals, a portion of which are fully or partially collateralized by real estate. C&I also includes $216.8 million of PPP loans as of September 30, 2020. (3) Residential real estate consists of mortgage and homeowner construction loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties. (4) Other consists of loans to individuals secured by general aviation aircraft and other personal installment loans. (5) Includes net unamortized loan origination fees of $670 thousand at September 30, 2020 and net unamortized loan origination costs of $5.3 million, at December 31, 2019 and net unamortized premiums on purchased loans of $919 thousand and $995 thousand, respectively, at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, loans amounting to $2.2 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, were pledged as collateral to the FHLB under a blanket pledge agreement and to the FRB. See Note 7 for additional disclosure regarding borrowings. Concentrations of Credit Risk A significant portion of our loan portfolio is concentrated among borrowers in southern New England and a substantial portion of the portfolio is collateralized by real estate in this area. The ability of single family residential and consumer borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is generally dependent on the level of overall economic activity within the market area and real estate values. The ability of commercial borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is dependent on the general economy as well as the health of the real estate economic sector in the Corporation’s market area. Past Due Loans Past due status is based on the contractual payment terms of the loan. The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans, segregated by class of loans: (Dollars in thousands) Days Past Due September 30, 2020 30-59 60-89 Over 90 Total Past Due Current Total Loans Commercial: Commercial real estate $— $— $431 $431 $1,665,314 $1,665,745 Commercial & industrial 21 — — 21 822,248 822,269 Total commercial 21 — 431 452 2,487,562 2,488,014 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 2,689 890 4,502 8,081 1,498,645 1,506,726 Consumer: Home equity 969 166 618 1,753 266,798 268,551 Other 18 2 88 108 18,648 18,756 Total consumer 987 168 706 1,861 285,446 287,307 Total loans $3,697 $1,058 $5,639 $10,394 $4,271,653 $4,282,047 (Dollars in thousands) Days Past Due December 31, 2019 30-59 60-89 Over 90 Total Past Due Current Total Loans Commercial: Commercial real estate $830 $— $603 $1,433 $1,546,139 $1,547,572 Commercial & industrial 1 — — 1 585,288 585,289 Total commercial 831 — 603 1,434 2,131,427 2,132,861 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 4,574 2,155 4,700 11,429 1,437,661 1,449,090 Consumer: Home equity 971 729 996 2,696 288,178 290,874 Other 42 — 88 130 20,044 20,174 Total consumer 1,013 729 1,084 2,826 308,222 311,048 Total loans $6,418 $2,884 $6,387 $15,689 $3,877,310 $3,892,999 Included in past due loans as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, were nonaccrual loans of $8.8 million and $11.5 million, respectively. All loans 90 days or more past due at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were classified as nonaccrual. Nonaccrual Loans Loans, with the exception of certain well-secured loans that are in the process of collection, are placed on nonaccrual status and interest recognition is suspended when such loans are 90 days or more overdue with respect to principal and/or interest, or sooner if considered appropriate by management. Well-secured loans are permitted to remain on accrual status provided that full collection of principal and interest is assured and the loan is in the process of collection. Loans are also placed on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, full collection of principal and interest is doubtful. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period income. Subsequent interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied to the outstanding principal balance of the loan or recognized as interest income depending on management’s assessment of the ultimate collectibility of the loan. Loans are removed from nonaccrual status when they have been current as to principal and interest for a period of time, the borrower has demonstrated an ability to comply with repayment terms, and when, in management’s opinion, the loans are considered to be fully collectible. The following is a summary of nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loans: (Dollars in thousands) Sep 30, Dec 31, Commercial: Commercial real estate $431 $603 Commercial & industrial — 657 Total commercial 431 1,260 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 12,792 14,297 Consumer: Home equity 1,429 1,763 Other 88 88 Total consumer 1,517 1,851 Total nonaccrual loans $14,740 $17,408 Accruing loans 90 days or more past due $— $— For nonaccrual loans with a carrying value of $2.9 million as of September 30, 2020, no ACL was deemed necessary. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, nonaccrual loans secured by one- to four-family residential property amounting to $2.9 million and $5.8 million, respectively, were in process of foreclosure. Nonaccrual loans of $5.9 million were current as to the payment of principal and interest at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. There were no significant commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2020. The following table presents interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans segregated by loan class: (Dollars in thousands) Interest Income Recognized Periods ended September 30, 2020 Three Months Nine Months Commercial: Commercial real estate $— $— Commercial & industrial — — Total commercial — — Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 70 341 Consumer: Home equity 11 51 Other — — Total consumer 11 51 Total $81 $392 Troubled Debt Restructurings A loan that has been modified or renewed is considered to be a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) when two conditions are met: 1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and 2) concessions are made for the borrower’s benefit that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower or a transaction with similar credit risk characteristics. These concessions may include modifications of the terms of the debt such as deferral of payments, extension of maturity, reduction of principal balance, reduction of the stated interest rate other than normal market rate adjustments, or a combination of these concessions. Debt may be bifurcated with separate terms for each tranche of the restructured debt. Restructuring of a loan in lieu of aggressively enforcing the collection of the loan may benefit the Corporation by increasing the ultimate probability of collection. The Corporation's ACL reflects the effects of a TDR when management reasonably expects at the reporting date that a TDR will be executed with an individual borrower. A TDR is considered reasonably expected no later than the point when management concludes that modification is the best course of action and it is at least reasonably possible that the troubled borrower will accept some form of concession to avoid a default. Reasonably expected TDRs and executed TDRs are evaluated individually to determine the required ACL. Troubled debt restructurings that did not involve a below-market rate concession and perform in accordance with their modified contractual terms for a reasonable period of time may be included in the Corporation’s existing pools based on the underlying risk characteristics of the loan to measure the ACL. TDRs are classified as accruing or non-accruing based on management’s assessment of the collectibility of the loan. Loans that are already on nonaccrual status at the time of the restructuring generally remain on nonaccrual status for approximately six months before management considers such loans for return to accruing status. Accruing restructured loans are placed into nonaccrual status if and when the borrower fails to comply with the restructured terms and management deems it unlikely that the borrower will return to a status of compliance in the near term and full collection of principal and interest is in doubt. TDRs are reported as such for at least one year from the date of the restructuring. In years after the restructuring, TDRs are removed from this classification if the restructuring did not involve a below-market rate concession and the loan is performing in accordance with their modified contractual terms for a reasonable period of time. The recorded investment in TDRs consists of unpaid principal balance, net of charge-offs and unamortized deferred loan origination fees and costs, at the time of the restructuring. For accruing TDRs, the recorded investment also includes accrued interest. The following table presents the recorded investment in TDRs and certain other information related to TDRs: (Dollars in thousands) Sep 30, Dec 31, Accruing TDRs $5,756 $377 Nonaccrual TDRs 2,894 492 Total TDRs $8,650 $869 Specific reserves on TDRs included in the ACL on loans $101 $97 Additional commitments to lend to borrowers with TDRs $— $— The Corporation has elected to account for eligible loan modifications under Section 4013 of the CARES Act. To be eligible, a loan modification must be (1) related to the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (A) 60 days after the date of termination of the national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 concerning the COVID-19 outbreak (the “national emergency”) or (B) December 31, 2020. Eligible loan modifications are not required to be classified as TDRs and will not be reported as past due provided that they are performing in accordance with the modified terms. Interest income will continue to be recognized in accordance with GAAP unless the loan is placed on nonaccrual status in accordance with the nonaccrual loans accounting policy described above. Through September 30, 2020, we have executed loan payment deferment modifications on 617 loans totaling $685.4 million. The majority of these modifications qualified as eligible loan modifications under Section 4013 of the CARES Act and therefore, were not required to be classified as TDRs and were not reported as past due. Seventeen of these modifications on loan balances of $7.8 million were past due before the COVID-19 pandemic and therefore, were classified as TDRs and were included in past due loans as of September 30, 2020. Washington Trust has active deferrals on 253 loans totaling $418.2 million as of September 30, 2020. The following tables present loans modified as a TDR: (Dollars in thousands) Outstanding Recorded Investment # of Loans Pre-Modifications Post-Modifications Three months ended September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Commercial: Commercial real estate — — $— $— $— $— Commercial & industrial — — — — — — Total commercial — — — — — — Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 4 — 2,092 — 2,092 — Consumer: Home equity 1 — 71 — 71 — Other — — — — — — Total consumer 1 — $71 $— $71 $— Total 5 — $2,163 $— $2,163 $— (Dollars in thousands) Outstanding Recorded Investment # of Loans Pre-Modifications Post-Modifications Nine months ended September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Commercial: Commercial real estate 1 — $841 $— $841 $— Commercial & industrial 2 — 460 — 460 — Total commercial 3 — 1,301 — 1,301 — Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 10 — 5,604 — 5,604 — Consumer: Home equity 4 — 873 — 873 — Other — — — — — — Total consumer 4 — $873 $— $873 $— Total 17 — $7,778 $— $7,778 $— The following table presents information on how loans were modified as a TDR: (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months Periods ended September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 Below-market interest rate concession $— $— $— $— Payment deferral 2,163 — 7,365 — Maturity / amortization concession — — — — Interest only payments — — — — Combination (1) — — 413 — Total $2,163 $— $7,778 $— (1) Loans included in this classification were modified with a combination of any two of the concessions listed in this table. The following tables present payment defaults on TDRs modified within the previous 12 months: (Dollars in thousands) # of Loans Recorded Investment Three months ended September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 Residential real estate: Residential real estate 1 — $903 $— Consumer: Home equity 1 — 47 — Other — — — — Totals 2 — $950 $— (Dollars in thousands) # of Loans Recorded Investment Nine months ended September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 Residential real estate: Residential real estate 1 — $903 $— Consumer: Home equity 1 — 47 — Other — — — — Totals 2 — $950 $— Individually Analyzed Loans Effective January 1, 2020, individually analyzed loans include nonaccrual commercial loans, reasonably expected TDRs and executed TDRs, as well as certain other loans based on the underlying risk characteristics and the discretion of management to individually analyze such loans. As of September 30, 2020, the carrying value of individually analyzed loans amounted to $15.7 million, of which $7.5 million were considered collateral dependent. For collateral dependent loans where management has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. See Note 10 for additional disclosure regarding fair value of individually analyzed collateral dependent loans. The following table presents the carrying value of collateral dependent individually analyzed loans: (Dollars in thousands) As of September 30, 2020 Carrying Value Related Allowance Commercial: Commercial real estate (1) $431 $146 Commercial & industrial (2) 409 — Total commercial 840 146 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate (3) 5,845 — Consumer: Home equity (3) 825 232 Other — — Total consumer 825 232 Total $7,510 $378 (1) Secured by income-producing property. (2) Secured by business assets. (3) Secured by one- to four-family residential properties. Prior to January 1, 2020, impaired loans included nonaccrual loans and executed TDRs. The Corporation identified loss allocations for impaired loans on an individual loan basis. The following is a summary of impaired loans: (Dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2019 Recorded Investment (1) Unpaid Principal Related Allowance No Related Allowance Recorded Commercial: Commercial real estate $— $— $— Commercial & industrial — — — Total commercial — — — Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 13,968 14,803 — Consumer: Home equity 1,471 1,472 — Other 88 88 — Total consumer 1,559 1,560 — Subtotal 15,527 16,363 — With Related Allowance Recorded Commercial: Commercial real estate $603 $926 $— Commercial & industrial 657 657 580 Total commercial 1,260 1,583 580 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 687 714 95 Consumer: Home equity 292 291 291 Other 18 18 2 Total consumer 310 309 293 Subtotal 2,257 2,606 968 Total impaired loans $17,784 $18,969 $968 Total: Commercial $1,260 $1,583 $580 Residential real estate 14,655 15,517 95 Consumer 1,869 1,869 293 Total impaired loans $17,784 $18,969 $968 (1) The recorded investment in impaired loans consists of unpaid principal balance, net of charge-offs, interest payments received applied to principal and unamortized deferred loan origination fees and costs. For accruing impaired loans (TDRs for which management has concluded that the collectibility of the loan is not in doubt), the recorded investment also includes accrued interest. The following table presents the average recorded investment balance of impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired loans segregated by loan class. (Dollars in thousands) Three Months Nine Months For the periods ended September 30, 2019 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Commercial: Commercial real estate $886 $— $929 $1 Commercial & industrial — — 2,835 103 Total commercial 886 — 3,764 104 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 12,017 109 10,972 331 Consumer: Home equity 1,414 16 1,409 43 Other 108 3 55 2 Total consumer 1,522 19 1,464 45 Total $14,425 $128 $16,200 $480 Credit Quality Indicators Commercial The Corporation utilizes an internal rating system to assign a risk to each of its commercial loans. Loans are rated on a scale of 1 to 10. This scale can be assigned to three broad categories including “pass” for ratings 1 through 6, “special mention” for 7-rated loans, and “classified” for loans rated 8, 9 or 10. The loan rating system takes into consideration parameters including the borrower’s financial condition, the borrower’s performance with respect to loan terms, the adequacy of collateral, the adequacy of guarantees and other credit quality characteristics. The Corporation takes the risk rating into consideration along with other credit attributes in the establishment of an appropriate allowance for credit losses on loans. See Note 6 for additional information. A description of the commercial loan categories is as follows: Pass - Loans with acceptable credit quality, defined as ranging from superior or very strong to a status of lesser stature. Superior or very strong credit quality is characterized by a high degree of cash collateralization or strong balance sheet liquidity. Lesser stature loans have an acceptable level of credit quality, but may exhibit some weakness in various credit metrics such as collateral adequacy, cash flow, performance or may be in an industry or of a loan type known to have a higher degree of risk. These weaknesses may be mitigated by secondary sources of repayment, including SBA guarantees. Special Mention - Loans with potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s position as creditor at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Examples of these conditions include but are not limited to outdated or poor quality financial data, strains on liquidity and leverage, losses or negative trends in operating results, marginal cash flow, weaknesses in occupancy rates or trends in the case of commercial real estate and frequent delinquencies. Classified - Loans identified as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss” based on criteria consistent with guidelines provided by banking regulators. A “substandard” loan has defined weaknesses which make payment default or principal exposure likely, but not yet certain. Such loans are apt to be dependent upon collateral liquidation, a secondary source of repayment or an event outside of the normal course of business. The loans are closely watched and are either already on nonaccrual status or may be placed on nonaccrual status when management determines there is uncertainty of collectibility. A “doubtful” loan is placed on nonaccrual status and has a high probability of loss, but the extent of the loss is difficult to quantify due to dependency upon collateral having a value that is difficult to determine or upon some near-term event which lacks certainty. A loan in the “loss” category is considered generally uncollectible or the timing or amount of payments cannot be determined. “Loss” is not intended to imply that the loan has no recovery value, but rather, it is not practical or desirable to continue to carry the asset. The Corporation’s procedures call for loan ratings and classifications to be revised whenever information becomes available that indicates a change is warranted. On a quarterly basis, management reviews the watched asset list, which generally consists of commercial loans that are risk-rated 6 or worse, highly leveraged transaction loans, high-volatility commercial real estate and other selected loans. Management’s review focuses on the current status of the loans and strategies to improve the credit. An annual loan review program is conducted by a third party to provide an independent evaluation of the creditworthiness of the commercial loan portfolio, the quality of the underwriting and credit risk management practices and the appropriateness of the risk rating classifications. This review is supplemented with selected targeted internal reviews of the commercial loan portfolio. Residential and Consumer Management monitors the relatively homogeneous residential real estate and consumer loan portfolios on an ongoing basis using delinquency information by loan type. In addition, other techniques are utilized to monitor indicators of credit deterioration in the residential real estate loans and home equity consumer loans. Among these techniques is the periodic tracking of loans with an updated Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) score and an estimated loan to value (“LTV”) ratio. LTV is estimated based on such factors as the location, the original LTV ratio, and the date of origination of the loan and do not reflect actual appraisal amounts. The results of these analyses and other loan review procedures, including selected targeted internal reviews, are taken into consideration in the determination of qualitative loss factors for residential real estate and home equity consumer credits. The following table summarizes the Corporation’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and loan portfolio segment: (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost by Origination Year As of September 30, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Commercial: CRE: Pass $231,992 $387,398 $317,206 $253,085 $158,862 $270,453 $14,778 $2,406 $1,636,180 Special Mention 649 — 18,104 9,537 — 844 — — 29,134 Classified — — — — — 431 — — 431 Total CRE 232,641 387,398 335,310 262,622 158,862 271,728 14,778 2,406 1,665,745 C&I: Pass 284,453 96,228 83,099 62,716 67,899 98,371 98,285 1,380 792,431 Special Mention 1,398 573 — 2,429 293 15,007 3,273 68 23,041 Classified 409 — — — — 6,388 — — 6,797 Total C&I 286,260 96,801 83,099 65,145 68,192 119,766 101,558 1,448 822,269 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate: Current 351,153 300,217 176,465 179,310 145,739 345,761 — — 1,498,645 Past Due — 238 627 768 401 6,047 — — 8,081 Total residential real estate 351,153 300,455 177,092 180,078 146,140 351,808 — — 1,506,726 Consumer: Home equity: Current 8,821 8,247 4,425 1,858 1,379 4,432 225,650 11,986 266,798 Past Due — — — 50 — 63 489 1,151 1,753 Total home equity 8,821 8,247 4,425 1,908 1,379 4,495 226,139 13,137 268,551 Other: Current 2,801 2,437 1,713 1,992 628 8,746 330 1 18,648 Past Due 9 11 — — 88 — — — 108 Total other 2,810 2,448 1,713 1,992 716 8,746 330 1 18,756 Total Loans $881,685 $795,349 $601,639 $511,745 $375,289 $756,543 $342,805 $16,992 $4,282,047 Consistent with industry practice, Washington Trust may renew commercial loans at or immediately prior to their maturity. In the table above, renewals subject to full credit evaluation before being granted are reported as originations in the period renewed. The following table presents the commercial loan portfolio, segregated by category of credit quality indicator: (Dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2019 Pass Special Mention Classified Commercial: Commercial real estate $1,546,139 $830 $603 Commercial & industrial 549,416 24,961 10,912 Total commercial $2,095,555 $25,791 $11,515 The following table presents the residential and consumer loan portfolios, segregated by category of credit quality indicator: (Dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2019 Current Past Due Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate $1,437,661 $11,429 Consumer: Home equity $288,178 $2,696 Other 20,044 130 Total consumer $308,222 $2,826 |