Loans | Loans The following table presents a summary of loans: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2023 2022 Commercial: Commercial real estate (1) $2,106,359 $1,829,304 Commercial & industrial (2) 605,072 656,397 Total commercial 2,711,431 2,485,701 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate (3) 2,604,478 2,323,002 Consumer: Home equity 312,594 285,715 Other (4) 19,203 15,721 Total consumer 331,797 301,436 Total loans (5) $5,647,706 $5,110,139 (1) CRE consists of commercial mortgages primarily secured by income-producing property, as well as construction and development loans. Construction and development loans are made to businesses for land development or the on-site construction of industrial, commercial, or residential buildings. (2) C&I consists of loans to businesses and individuals, a portion of which are fully or partially collateralized by real estate. (3) Residential real estate consists of mortgage and homeowner construction loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties. (4) Other consists of loans to individuals secured by general aviation aircraft and other personal installment loans. (5) Includes net unamortized loan origination costs of $13.0 million and $11.6 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and net unamortized premiums on loans purchased from and serviced by other financial institutions of $286 thousand and $318 thousand, respectively, at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Loan balances exclude accrued interest receivable of $22.9 million and $17.6 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, loans amounting to $3.4 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, were pledged as collateral to the FHLB under a blanket pledge agreement and to the FRBB for the discount window. See Note 13 for additional disclosure regarding borrowings. Concentrations of Credit Risk A significant portion of our loan portfolio is concentrated among borrowers in southern New England and a substantial portion of the portfolio is collateralized by real estate in this area. The ability of single family residential and consumer borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is generally dependent on the level of overall economic activity within the market area and real estate values. The ability of commercial borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is dependent on the general economy, as well as the health of the real estate economic sector in the Corporation’s market area. Past Due Loans Past due status is based on the contractual payment terms of the loan. The following tables present an aging analysis of past due loans, segregated by class of loans: (Dollars in thousands) Days Past Due December 31, 2023 Current 30-59 60-89 90 or More Total Past Due Total Loans Commercial: Commercial real estate $2,106,359 $— $— $— $— $2,106,359 Commercial & industrial 605,062 10 — — 10 605,072 Total commercial 2,711,421 10 — — 10 2,711,431 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 2,596,362 4,369 1,738 2,009 8,116 2,604,478 Consumer: Home equity 309,398 2,349 112 735 3,196 312,594 Other 19,180 20 3 — 23 19,203 Total consumer 328,578 2,369 115 735 3,219 331,797 Total loans $5,636,361 $6,748 $1,853 $2,744 $11,345 $5,647,706 (Dollars in thousands) Days Past Due December 31, 2022 Current 30-59 60-89 90 or More Total Past Due Total Loans Commercial: Commercial real estate $1,828,117 $1,187 $— $— $1,187 $1,829,304 Commercial & industrial 656,132 265 — — 265 656,397 Total commercial 2,484,249 1,452 — — 1,452 2,485,701 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 2,314,127 4,793 303 3,779 8,875 2,323,002 Consumer: Home equity 284,480 1,103 132 — 1,235 285,715 Other 15,705 16 — — 16 15,721 Total consumer 300,185 1,119 132 — 1,251 301,436 Total loans $5,098,561 $7,364 $435 $3,779 $11,578 $5,110,139 Included in past due loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, were nonaccrual loans of $6.9 million and $7.2 million, respectively. In addition, all loans 90 days or more past due at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were classified as nonaccrual. Nonaccrual Loans The following is a summary of nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loans: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Nonaccrual Loans Nonaccrual Loans With an ACL Without an ACL Total With an ACL Without an ACL Total Commercial: Commercial real estate $10,997 $21,830 $32,827 $— $— $— Commercial & industrial — 682 682 — — — Total commercial 10,997 22,512 33,509 — — — Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 8,495 1,131 9,626 6,009 5,885 11,894 Consumer: Home equity 1,483 — 1,483 360 592 952 Other — — — — — — Total consumer 1,483 — 1,483 360 592 952 Total $20,975 $23,643 $44,618 $6,369 $6,477 $12,846 Accruing loans 90 days or more past due $— $— Nonaccrual loans of $37.7 million and $5.7 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were current as to the payment of principal and interest. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, nonaccrual loans secured by one- to four-family residential property amounting to $960 thousand and $2.9 million, respectively, were in process of foreclosure. There were no significant commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2023. The following table presents interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans: (Dollars in thousands) Interest Income Recognized Years Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Commercial: Commercial real estate $2,719 $— Commercial & industrial 59 — Total commercial 2,778 — Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate 466 398 Consumer: Home equity 107 62 Other 4 3 Total consumer 111 65 Total $3,355 $463 Troubled Loan Modifications As disclosed in Note 2, effective January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated the accounting guidance for TDRs and added enhanced disclosures with respect to certain modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The following table presents the carrying value at December 31, 2023, of TLMs made during the period indicated, segregated by class of loans and type of concession granted: (Dollars in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2023 Maturity Extension Combination (1) Total % (2) Commercial: Commercial real estate $13,780 $8,050 $21,830 1 % Commercial & industrial — — — — Total commercial 13,780 8,050 21,830 1 Total $13,780 $8,050 $21,830 — % (1) Combination includes an interest rate reduction, payment deferral and maturity extension. (2) Percentage of TLMs to the total loans outstanding within the respective loan class. The following table presents the financial effect of TLMs made during the period indicated, segregated by class of loans: (Dollars in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2023 Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction Weighted Average Maturity Extension Weighted Average Other-than-Insignificant Payment Delay Commercial: Commercial real estate 3 % 10 12 Commercial & industrial — — — Total commercial 3 10 12 Total 3 % 10 12 Management closely monitors the performance of TLMs to understand the effectiveness of the modifications. The following table presents an aging analysis as of the date indicated, of TLMs that have been modified in the past 12 months: (Dollars in thousands) Days Past Due December 31, 2023 30-59 60-89 Over 90 Total Past Due Current Total Loans Commercial: Commercial real estate $— $— $— $— $21,830 $21,830 Commercial & industrial — — — — — — Total commercial — — — — 21,830 21,830 Total loans $— $— $— $— $21,830 $21,830 The total carrying value of TLMs at December 31, 2023 were included in nonaccrual loans. There were no TLMs made in the previous 12 months for which there was a subsequent payment default. There were no significant commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans were TLMs at December 31, 2023. Troubled Debt Restructurings As disclosed in Note 2, effective January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated the accounting guidance for TDRs. Historical disclosures that were required prior to adoption of ASU 2022-02 are shown below. The following table presents the recorded investment in TDRs and other pertinent information: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2022 Accruing TDRs $3,571 Nonaccrual TDRs 5,073 Total $8,644 Specific reserves on TDRs included in the ACL on loans $115 Additional commitments to lend to borrowers with TDRs $— The following table presents TDRs occurring during the period indicated and the recorded investment pre- and post- modification: (Dollars in thousands) Outstanding Recorded Investment Year ended December 31, 2022 # of Loans Pre-Modification Post-Modification Commercial: Commercial real estate — $— $— Commercial & industrial 3 1,687 1,687 Total commercial 3 1,687 1,687 Total 3 $1,687 $1,687 The following table presents TDRs occurring during the period indicated by type of modification: (Dollars in thousands) Years ended December 31, 2022 Below-market interest rate concession $— Payment deferral — Maturity / amortization concession — Interest only payments — Combination (1) 1,687 Total $1,687 (1) Loans included in this classification were modified with a combination of any two of the concessions listed in this table. In 2022, there were no TDRs modified within the previous 12 months for which there was a payment default. Individually Analyzed Loans Individually analyzed loans include nonaccrual commercial loans, TLMs and certain other loans based on the underlying risk characteristics and the discretion of management to individually analyze such loans. Prior to January 1, 2023, individually analyzed loans also included TDRs. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying value of individually analyzed loans amounted to $34.6 million, all of which were considered collateral dependent. As of December 31, 2022, individually analyzed loans amounted to $10.0 million, of which $8.5 million were considered collateral dependent. For collateral dependent loans where management has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. See Note 10 for additional disclosure regarding fair value of individually analyzed collateral dependent loans. The following table presents the carrying value of collateral dependent individually analyzed loans: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Carrying Value Related Allowance Carrying Value Related Allowance Commercial: Commercial real estate (1) $32,827 $97 $2,103 $— Commercial & industrial (2) 682 — — — Total commercial 33,509 97 2,103 — Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate (3) 1,131 — 5,760 — Consumer: Home equity (3) — — 592 — Other — — — — Total consumer — — 592 — Total $34,640 $97 $8,455 $— (1) Secured by income-producing property. (2) Secured by business assets. (3) Secured by one- to four-family residential properties. Credit Quality Indicators Commercial The Corporation utilizes an internal rating system to assign a risk to each of its commercial loans. Loans are rated on a scale of 1 to 10. This scale can be assigned to three broad categories including “pass” for ratings 1 through 6, “special mention” for 7-rated loans, and “classified” for loans rated 8, 9 or 10. The loan risk rating system takes into consideration parameters including the borrower’s financial condition, the borrower’s performance with respect to loan terms, the adequacy of collateral, the adequacy of guarantees and other credit quality characteristics. The Corporation takes the risk rating into consideration along with other credit attributes in the establishment of an appropriate ACL on loans. See Note 5 for additional information. A description of the commercial loan categories is as follows: Pass - Loans with acceptable credit quality, defined as ranging from superior or very strong to a status of lesser stature. Superior or very strong credit quality is characterized by a high degree of cash collateralization or strong balance sheet liquidity. Lesser stature loans have an acceptable level of credit quality, but may exhibit some weakness in various credit metrics such as collateral adequacy, cash flow, performance or may be in an industry or of a loan type known to have a higher degree of risk. These weaknesses may be mitigated by secondary sources of repayment, including SBA guarantees. Special Mention - Loans with potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s position as creditor at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Examples of these conditions include but are not limited to outdated or poor quality financial data, strains on liquidity and leverage, losses or negative trends in operating results, marginal cash flow, weaknesses in occupancy rates or trends in the case of commercial real estate and frequent delinquencies. Classified - Loans identified as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss” based on criteria consistent with guidelines provided by banking regulators. A “substandard” loan has defined weaknesses which make payment default or principal exposure likely, but not yet certain. Such loans are apt to be dependent upon collateral liquidation, a secondary source of repayment or an event outside of the normal course of business. The loans are closely watched and are either already on nonaccrual status or may be placed on nonaccrual status when management determines there is uncertainty of collectability. A “doubtful” loan is placed on nonaccrual status and has a high probability of loss, but the extent of the loss is difficult to quantify due to dependency upon collateral having a value that is difficult to determine or upon some near-term event which lacks certainty. A loan in the “loss” category is considered generally uncollectible or the timing or amount of payments cannot be determined. “Loss” is not intended to imply that the loan has no recovery value, but rather, it is not practical or desirable to continue to carry the asset. The Corporation’s procedures call for loan risk ratings and classifications to be revised whenever information becomes available that indicates a change is warranted. On a quarterly basis, management reviews a watched asset list, which generally consists of commercial loans that are risk-rated 6 or worse, highly leveraged transaction loans, high-volatility commercial real estate and other selected loans. Management’s review focuses on the current status of the loans, the appropriateness of risk ratings and strategies to improve the credit. An annual credit review program is conducted by a third party to provide an independent evaluation of the creditworthiness of the commercial loan portfolio, the quality of the underwriting and credit risk management practices and the appropriateness of the risk rating classifications. This review is supplemented with selected targeted internal reviews of the commercial loan portfolio. Residential and Consumer Management monitors the relatively homogeneous residential real estate and consumer loan portfolios on an ongoing basis using delinquency information by loan type. In addition, other techniques are utilized to monitor indicators of credit deterioration in the residential real estate loans and home equity consumer loans. Among these techniques is the periodic tracking of loans with an updated Fair Isaac Corporation (commonly known as “FICO”) score and an updated estimated LTV ratio. LTV is estimated based on such factors as geographic location, the original appraised value and changes in median home prices, and takes into consideration the age of the loan. The results of these analyses and other credit review procedures, including selected targeted internal reviews, are taken into account in the determination of qualitative loss factors for residential real estate and home equity consumer credits. The following table summarizes the Corporation’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and loan portfolio segment as of December 31, 2023: (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost by Origination Year 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Commercial: CRE: Pass $327,139 $598,946 $396,468 $168,451 $167,484 $333,356 $42,095 $1,032 $2,034,971 Special Mention — — — — — 16,630 — — 16,630 Classified 21,830 — 18,430 — 14,498 — — — 54,758 Total CRE 348,969 598,946 414,898 168,451 181,982 349,986 42,095 1,032 2,106,359 Gross charge-offs — — — — — 373 — — 373 C&I: Pass 55,607 124,894 52,282 49,812 72,876 145,361 90,664 587 592,083 Special Mention 11,119 — — — 181 — — — 11,300 Classified — 818 189 — 682 — — — 1,689 Total C&I 66,726 125,712 52,471 49,812 73,739 145,361 90,664 587 605,072 Gross charge-offs 37 — — — — — — — 37 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate: Current 431,563 808,442 666,447 255,554 113,462 320,894 — — 2,596,362 Past Due — — — 886 594 6,636 — — 8,116 Total residential real estate 431,563 808,442 666,447 256,440 114,056 327,530 — — 2,604,478 Gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Consumer: Home equity: Current 24,925 14,997 6,829 2,919 1,982 3,696 241,459 12,591 309,398 Past Due — — — — 130 829 1,301 936 3,196 Total home equity 24,925 14,997 6,829 2,919 2,112 4,525 242,760 13,527 312,594 Gross charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Other: Current 6,777 3,530 3,685 1,001 120 3,824 243 — 19,180 Past Due 21 — — — — — 2 — 23 Total other 6,798 3,530 3,685 1,001 120 3,824 245 — 19,203 Gross charge-offs 159 — 8 — — — — — 167 Total Loans $878,981 $1,551,627 $1,144,330 $478,623 $372,009 $831,226 $375,764 $15,146 $5,647,706 Total gross charge-offs $196 $— $8 $— $— $373 $— $— $577 The following table summarizes the Corporation’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and loan portfolio segment as of December 31, 2022: (Dollars in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost by Origination Year 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Commercial: CRE: Pass $591,596 $383,062 $177,286 $170,259 $148,371 $242,061 $6,243 $1,437 $1,720,315 Special Mention 20,579 22,324 328 24,270 28,676 10,564 146 — 106,887 Classified — — 503 — 1,187 412 — — 2,102 Total CRE 612,175 405,386 178,117 194,529 178,234 253,037 6,389 1,437 1,829,304 C&I: Pass 127,152 63,180 71,265 86,470 85,011 114,241 90,987 745 639,051 Special Mention 13,566 — — — 1,427 — 1,426 — 16,419 Classified — 225 — 7 — — 695 — 927 Total C&I 140,718 63,405 71,265 86,477 86,438 114,241 93,108 745 656,397 Residential Real Estate: Residential real estate: Current 838,566 707,760 277,613 123,098 72,541 294,549 — — 2,314,127 Past Due — 600 — 266 2,315 5,694 — — 8,875 Total residential real estate 838,566 708,360 277,613 123,364 74,856 300,243 — — 2,323,002 Consumer: Home equity: Current 20,665 8,308 3,742 2,406 1,947 3,139 235,004 9,268 284,479 Past Due — — — — 68 98 548 522 1,236 Total home equity 20,665 8,308 3,742 2,406 2,015 3,237 235,552 9,790 285,715 Other: Current 4,231 4,287 1,676 299 235 4,726 251 — 15,705 Past Due 16 — — — — — — — 16 Total other 4,247 4,287 1,676 299 235 4,726 251 — 15,721 Total Loans $1,616,371 $1,189,746 $532,413 $407,075 $341,778 $675,484 $335,300 $11,972 $5,110,139 Washington Trust may renew commercial loans at or immediately prior to their maturity. In the tables above, renewals subject to full credit evaluation before being granted are reported as originations in the period renewed. In addition, loans with extensions of maturity dates of more than three months are reported as originations in the period extended. Loan Servicing Activities Loans sold with servicing retained result in the capitalization of loan servicing rights. The following table presents an analysis of loan servicing rights: (Dollars in thousands) Loan Servicing Valuation Total Balance at December 31, 2020 $7,588 ($154) $7,434 Loan servicing rights capitalized 5,671 — 5,671 Amortization (3,438) — (3,438) Decrease in impairment reserve — 154 154 Balance at December 31, 2021 9,821 — 9,821 Loan servicing rights capitalized 957 — 957 Amortization (1,763) — (1,763) Balance at December 31, 2022 9,015 — 9,015 Loan servicing rights capitalized 1,069 — 1,069 Amortization (1,538) — (1,538) Increase in impairment reserve — (34) (34) Balance at December 31, 2023 $8,546 ($34) $8,512 The following table presents estimated aggregate amortization expense related to loan servicing assets: (Dollars in thousands) Years ending December 31: 2024 $1,330 2025 1,123 2026 948 2027 801 2028 676 2029 and thereafter 3,668 Total estimated amortization expense $8,546 Loans sold to others may be serviced by the Corporation on a fee basis under various agreements. Loans serviced for others are not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table presents the balance of loans serviced for others by loan portfolio: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2023 2022 Residential real estate $1,454,342 $1,457,896 Commercial 135,954 107,762 Total $1,590,296 $1,565,658 |