Loans | Note 5 – Loans The Company grants commercial, industrial, agricultural, residential, and consumer loans primarily to customers throughout north central, central and south central Pennsylvania, southern New York and Wilmington and Dover, Delaware. Although the Company had a diversified loan portfolio at September and , a substantial portion of its debtors’ ability to honor their contracts is dependent on the economic conditions within these regions. The following table summarizes the primary segments of the loan portfolio and how those segments are analyzed within the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): September 30 2022 Total Loans Individually evaluated for impairment Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality Collectively evaluated for impairment Real estate loans: Residential $ 203,673 $ 344 $ 9 $ 203,320 Commercial 857,314 5,736 1,902 849,676 Agricultural 317,761 5,174 1,523 311,064 Construction 79,154 - - 79,154 Consumer 124,375 4 - 124,371 Other commercial loans 66,241 135 - 66,106 Other agricultural loans 29,509 801 - 28,708 State and political subdivision loans 59,926 - - 59,926 Total 1,737,953 12,194 3,434 1,722,325 Allowance for loan losses 18,291 107 - 18,184 Net loans $ 1,719,662 $ 12,087 $ 3,434 $ 1,704,141 December 31, 2021 Total Loans Individually evaluated for impairment Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality Collectively evaluated for impairment Real estate loans: Residential $ 201,097 $ 620 $ 14 $ 200,463 Commercial 687,338 8,381 2,145 676,812 Agricultural 312,011 5,355 1,643 305,013 Construction 55,036 - - 55,036 Consumer 25,858 - - 25,858 Other commercial loans 74,585 186 - 74,399 Other agricultural loans 39,852 991 - 38,861 State and political subdivision loans 45,756 - - 45,756 Total 1,441,533 15,533 3,802 1,422,198 Allowance for loan losses 17,304 121 - 17,183 Net loans $ 1,424,229 $ 15,412 $ 3,802 $ 1,405,015 During As of September 30, 2022, all PPP loans had either been forgiven or repaid. The PPP loans were fully guaranteed by the SBA and were eligible for forgiveness by the SBA to the extent that the proceeds are used to cover eligible payroll costs, interest costs, rent, and utility costs over a period of up to 24 weeks after the loan was made as long as certain conditions were met regarding employee retention and compensation levels. PPP loans deemed eligible for forgiveness by the SBA were repaid by the SBA to the Company. The SBA issued guidance for forgiveness with a streamlined approach for loans of $ or less. The Company evaluated whether loans acquired as part of the MidCoast acquisition were within the scope of ASC 310-30, Receivables-Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. Purchased credit-impaired loans ,000 at September 30, 2022. Changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Three months ended September 30, Nine September 30 2022 2021 2022 2021 Balance at beginning of period $ 278 $ 584 $ 370 $ 788 Acquisition of Midcoast - - - - Reclassification of non-accretable discount 774 29 1,002 29 Accretion (105 ) (135 ) (425 ) (339 ) Balance at end of period $ 947 $ 478 $ 947 $ 478 The following table presents additional information regarding loans acquired with specific evidence of deterioration in credit quality under ASC 310-30 (in thousands): September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Outstanding balance $ 6,207 $ 6,159 Carrying amount 3,434 3,802 The segments of the Company’s loan portfolio are disaggregated into classes to a level that allows management to monitor risk and performance. Residential real estate mortgages consist primarily of 15 to 30 year first mortgages on residential real estate, while residential real estate home equity loans are consumer purpose installment loans or lines of credit with terms of 15 years or less secured by a mortgage which is often a second lien on residential real estate. Commercial real estate loans are business purpose loans secured by a mortgage on commercial real estate. Agricultural real estate loans are loans secured by a mortgage on real estate used in agriculture production. Construction real estate loans are loans secured by residential, commercial or agricultural real estate used during the construction phase of residential, commercial or agricultural projects. Consumer loans are typically unsecured or primarily secured by assets other than real estate and overdraft lines of credit are typically secured by customer deposit accounts. Other commercial loans are loans for commercial purposes primarily secured by non-real estate collateral. Other agricultural loans are loans for agricultural purposes primarily secured by non-real estate collateral. State and political subdivision loans are loans to state and local municipalities for capital and operating expenses or tax free loans used to finance commercial development. Management considers other commercial loans, other agricultural loans, state and political subdivision loans, commercial real estate loans and agricultural real estate loans which are 90 days or more past due to be impaired. Management will also consider a loan impaired based on other factors it becomes aware of, including the customer’s results of operations and cash flows or if the loan is modified in a troubled debt restructuring. In addition, certain residential mortgages, home equity and consumer loans that are cross collateralized with commercial relationships that are determined to be impaired may also be classified as impaired. Impaired loans are analyzed to determine if it is probable that all amounts will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allocation to the allowance for loan losses or a charge-off to the allowance for loan losses. The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances for impaired loan receivables by class, excluding PCI loans, with the associated allowance amount, if applicable (in thousands): September 30 2022 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Real estate loans: Mortgages $ 430 $ 248 $ 41 $ 289 $ 5 Home Equity 73 40 15 55 1 Commercial 6,850 5,372 364 5,736 60 Agricultural 5,637 4,986 188 5,174 24 Consumer 4 - 4 4 4 Other commercial loans 798 62 73 135 13 Other agricultural loans 1,159 801 - 801 - Total $ 14,951 $ 11,509 $ 685 $ 12,194 $ 107 December 31, 2021 Real estate loans: Mortgages $ 697 $ 495 $ 45 $ 540 $ 6 Home Equity 97 37 43 80 6 Commercial 9,330 8,096 285 8,381 61 Agricultural 5,694 5,167 188 5,355 14 Other commercial loans 813 92 94 186 34 Other agricultural loans 1,274 991 - 991 - Total $ 17,905 $ 14,878 $ 655 $ 15,533 $ 121 The following tables includes the average balance of impaired loan receivables by class and the income recognized on these receivables for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Interest Income Recognized Cash Basis Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Interest Income Recognized Cash Basis Real estate loans: Mortgages $ 466 $ 9 $ - $ 727 $ 12 $ - Home Equity 68 2 - 106 4 - Commercial 6,372 141 6 8,902 211 23 Agricultural 5,253 90 - 4,513 64 - Consumer - - - 1 - - Other commercial loans 313 2 - 876 2 - Other agricultural loans 886 3 - 1,069 3 - Total $ 13,358 $ 247 $ 6 $ 16,194 $ 296 $ 23 For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Interest Income Recognized Cash Basis Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Interest Income Recognized Cash Basis Real estate loans: Mortgages $ 321 $ 4 $ - $ 613 $ 4 $ - Home Equity 50 1 - 84 1 - Commercial 5,778 43 3 8,688 77 8 Agricultural 5,194 33 - 4,454 21 - Consumer 1 - - - - - Other commercial loans 157 1 - 486 - - Other agricultural loans 822 1 - 1,022 1 - Total $ 12,323 $ 83 $ 3 $ 15,347 $ 104 $ 8 Credit Quality Information For commercial real estate, agricultural real estate, construction, other commercial, other agricultural and state and political subdivision loans, management uses a nine grade internal risk rating system to monitor and assess credit quality. The first five categories are considered not criticized and are aggregated as “Pass” rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The definitions of each rating are defined below: • Pass (Grades 1-5) – These loans are to customers with credit quality ranging from an acceptable to very high quality and are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral. • Special Mention (Grade 6) – This loan grade is in accordance with regulatory guidance and includes loans where a potential weakness or risk exists, which could cause a more serious problem if not corrected. • Substandard (Grade 7) – This loan grade is in accordance with regulatory guidance and includes loans that have a well-defined weakness based on objective evidence and be characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. • Doubtful (Grade 8) – This loan grade is in accordance with regulatory guidance and includes loans that have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset. In addition, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, based on existing circumstances. • Loss (Grade 9) – This loan grade is in accordance with regulatory guidance and includes loans that are considered uncollectible, or of such value that continuance as an asset is not warranted. To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay the loan as agreed, the Company’s loan rating process includes several layers of internal and external oversight. The Company’s loan officers are responsible for the timely and accurate risk rating of the loans in each of their portfolios at origination and on an ongoing basis under the supervision of management. All commercial, agricultural and state and political relationships over $500,000 are reviewed annually to ensure the appropriateness of the loan grade. In addition, the Company engages an external consultant on at least an annual basis to: 1) review a minimum of 50% of the dollar volume of the commercial, agricultural and municipal loan portfolios on an annual basis, 2) review a sample of new loans originated for over $1.0 million in the last year, 3) review a sample of borrowers with commitments greater than or equal to $1.0 million, 4) review selected loan relationships over $750,000 which are over 30 days past due or classified Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful, or Loss, and 5) such other loans which management or the consultant deems appropriate. The following tables represent credit exposures by internally assigned grades as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): September 30 2022 Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Ending Balance Real estate loans: Commercial $ 816,081 $ 34,150 $ 7,083 $ - $ - $ 857,314 Agricultural 302,861 10,342 4,558 - - 317,761 Construction 73,330 5,824 - - - 79,154 Other commercial loans 62,915 3,015 279 32 - 66,241 Other agricultural loans 27,820 1,304 385 - - 29,509 State and political subdivision loans 59,926 - - - - 59,926 Total $ 1,342,933 $ 54,635 $ 12,305 $ 32 $ - $ 1,409,905 December 31, 2021 Real estate loans: Commercial $ 646,137 $ 35,332 $ 5,869 $ - $ - $ 687,338 Agricultural 291,537 15,105 5,369 - - 312,011 Construction 55,036 - - - - 55,036 Other commercial loans 70,932 3,289 316 48 - 74,585 Other agricultural loans 37,800 1,351 701 - - 39,852 State and political subdivision loans 45,588 168 - - - 45,756 Total $ 1,147,030 $ 55,245 $ 12,255 $ 48 $ - $ 1,214,578 For residential real estate mortgages, home equity and consumer loans, credit quality is monitored based on whether the loan is performing or non-performing, which is typically based on the aging status of the loan and payment activity, unless a specific action, such as bankruptcy, repossession, death or significant delay in payment occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit event. Non-performing loans include those loans that are considered nonaccrual, described in more detail below, and all loans past due 90 or more days and still accruing. The following table presents the recorded investment in those loan classes based on payment activity as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): September 30 2022 Performing Non-performing PCI Total Real estate loans: Mortgages $ 155,163 $ 570 $ 9 $ 155,742 Home Equity 47,902 29 - 47,931 Consumer 124,375 - - 124,375 Total $ 327,440 $ 599 $ 9 $ 328,048 December 31, 2021 Performing Non-performing PCI Total Real estate loans: Mortgages $ 150,320 $ 608 $ 14 $ 150,942 Home Equity 50,122 33 - 50,155 Consumer 25,858 - - 25,858 Total $ 226,300 $ 641 $ 14 $ 226,955 Aging Analysis of Past Due Loan Receivables Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment of past due loan receivables as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): September 30 2022 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days Or Greater Total Past Due Current PCI Total Loans Receivables 90 Days or Greater and Accruing Real estate loans: Mortgages $ 1,495 $ 77 $ 229 $ 1,801 $ 153,932 $ 9 $ 155,742 $ 21 Home Equity 71 - 29 100 47,831 - 47,931 - Commercial 548 185 2,181 2,914 852,498 1,902 857,314 72 Agricultural - - 1,367 1,367 314,871 1,523 317,761 - Construction - - - - 79,154 - 79,154 - Consumer 98 10 - 108 124,267 - 124,375 - Other commercial loans 107 - 62 169 66,072 - 66,241 - Other agricultural loans - 199 - 199 29,310 - 29,509 - State and political subdivision loans - - - - 59,926 - 59,926 - Total $ 2,319 $ 471 $ 3,868 $ 6,658 $ 1,727,861 $ 3,434 $ 1,737,953 $ 93 Loans considered non-accrual $ 41 $ 133 $ 3,775 $ 3,949 $ 3,169 $ - $ 7,118 Loans still accruing 2,278 338 93 2,709 1,724,692 3,434 1,730,835 Total $ 2,319 $ 471 $ 3,868 $ 6,658 $ 1,727,861 $ 3,434 $ 1,737,953 December 31, 2021 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days Or Greater Total Past Due Current PCI Total Loans Receivables 90 Days or Greater and Accruing Real estate loans: Mortgages $ 220 $ 170 $ 209 $ 599 $ 150,329 $ 14 $ 150,942 $ 13 Home Equity 103 - 33 136 50,019 - 50,155 33 Commercial 127 115 1,969 2,211 682,982 2,145 687,338 - Agricultural 31 - 1,367 1,398 308,970 1,643 312,011 - Construction - - - - 55,036 - 55,036 - Consumer 163 1 - 164 25,694 - 25,858 - Other commercial loans 17 10 92 119 74,466 - 74,585 - Other agricultural loans 10 - - 10 39,842 - 39,852 - State and political subdivision loans - - - - 45,756 - 45,756 - Total $ 671 $ 296 $ 3,670 $ 4,637 $ 1,433,094 $ 3,802 $ 1,441,533 $ 46 Loans considered non-accrual $ - $ - $ 3,624 $ 3,624 $ 3,992 $ - $ 7,616 Loans still accruing 671 296 46 1,013 1,429,102 3,802 1,433,917 Total $ 671 $ 296 $ 3,670 $ 4,637 $ 1,433,094 $ 3,802 $ 1,441,533 Nonaccrual Loans Loans are considered for non-accrual status upon reaching 90 days delinquency, although the Company may be receiving partial payments of interest and partial repayments of principal on such loans, or if full payment of principal and interest is not expected. Additionally, if management is made aware of other information including bankruptcy, repossession, death, or legal proceedings, the loan may be placed on non-accrual status. If a loan is 90 days or more past due and is well secured and in the process of collection, it may still be considered accruing. The following table reflects the loan receivables, excluding PCI loans, on non-accrual status as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The balances are presented by class of loan receivable (in thousands): September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Real estate loans: Mortgages $ 549 $ 595 Home Equity 29 - Commercial 2,833 2,945 Agricultural 3,295 3,133 Other commercial loans 94 140 Other agricultural loans 318 803 $ 7,118 $ 7,616 Troubled Debt Restructurings In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower's financial difficulties, management may grant a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that would not otherwise be considered, the related loan is classified as a Troubled Debt Restructuring (TDR). Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to structure more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status. These restructured terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of interest or principal, or both, management measures any impairment on the restructuring by calculating the present value of the revised loan terms and comparing this balance to the Company’s investment in the loan prior to the restructuring. As these loans are individually evaluated, they are excluded from pooled portfolios when calculating the allowance for loan and lease losses and a separate allocation within the allowance for loan and lease losses is provided. Management continually evaluates loans that are considered TDRs, including payment history under the modified loan terms, the borrower’s ability to continue to repay the loan based on continued evaluation of their operating results and cash flows from operations. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, included within the allowance for loan losses are reserves of $16,000 and $26,000 respectively, that are associated with loans modified as TDRs. Loan modifications that are considered TDRs completed during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows (dollars in thousands) For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Number of contracts Pre-modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Interest Modification Term Modification Interest Modification Term Modification Interest Modification Term Modification Real estate loans: Home Equity - 1 $ - $ 8 $ - $ 8 Agricultural - 2 - 1,137 - 1,137 Total - 3 $ - $ 1,145 $ - $ 1,145 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Number of contracts Pre-modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Interest Modification Term Modification Interest Modification Term Modification Interest Modification Term Modification Real estate loans: Home Equity - 1 $ - $ 8 $ - $ 8 Commercial - 3 - 1,430 - 1,430 Agricultural - 2 - 1,137 - 1,137 Total - 6 $ - $ 2,575 $ - $ 2,575 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Number of contracts Pre-modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Interest Modification Term Modification Interest Modification Term Modification Interest Modification Term Modification Real estate loans: Commercial - 3 - 1,407 - 1,407 Total - 3 $ - $ 1,407 $ - $ 1,407 Recidivism, or the borrower defaulting on its obligation pursuant to a modified loan, results in the loan once again becoming a non-accrual loan. Recidivism on modified loans occurs at a notably higher rate than do defaults on new origination loans, so modified loans present a higher risk of loss than do new origination loans. Allowance for Loan Losses The following table segregates the allowance for loan losses (ALLL) into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (in thousands): September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Individually evaluated for impairment Collectively evaluated for impairment Total Individually evaluated for impairment Collectively evaluated for impairment Total Real estate loans: Residential $ 6 $ 999 $ 1,005 $ 12 $ 1,135 $ 1,147 Commercial 60 9,877 9,937 61 8,038 8,099 Agricultural 24 4,514 4,538 14 4,715 4,729 Construction - 678 678 - 434 434 Consumer 4 228 232 - 262 262 Other commercial loans 13 380 393 34 989 1,023 Other agricultural loans - 1,359 1,359 - 558 558 State and political subdivision loans - 325 325 - 281 281 Unallocated - (176 ) (176 ) - 771 771 Total $ 107 $ 18,184 $ 18,291 $ 121 $ 17,183 $ 17,304 The following tables roll forward the balance of the ALLL by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively (in thousands): For the three months ended September 30, 2022 Balance at June 30, 2022 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at September 30, Individually evaluated for impairment Collectively evaluated for impairment Real estate loans: Residential $ 1,015 $ - $ - $ (10 ) $ 1,005 $ 6 $ 999 Commercial 9,216 - - 721 9,937 60 9,877 Agricultural 4,484 - - 54 4,538 24 4,514 Construction 563 - - 115 678 - 678 Consumer 464 (13 ) 5 (224 ) 232 4 228 Other commercial loans 1,173 - 4 (784 ) 393 13 380 Other agricultural loans 446 - - 913 1,359 - 1,359 State and political subdivision loans 323 - - 2 325 - 325 Unallocated (114 ) - - (62 ) (176 ) - (176 ) Total $ 17,570 $ (13 ) $ 9 $ 725 $ 18,291 $ 107 $ 18,184 For the three months ended September 30, 2021 Balance at June 30, 2021 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at September 30, 2021 Individually evaluated for impairment Collectively evaluated for impairment Real estate loans: Residential $ 1,174 $ - $ - $ 16 $ 1,190 $ 16 $ 1,174 Commercial 7,106 - - 572 7,678 97 7,581 Agricultural 4,706 - - 40 4,746 12 4,734 Construction 496 - - 42 538 - 538 Consumer 85 (7 ) 4 236 318 - 318 Other commercial loans 1,328 - 6 (203 ) 1,131 35 1,096 Other agricultural loans 583 - - (135 ) 448 109 339 State and political subdivision loans 404 - - (108 ) 296 - 296 Unallocated 1,049 - - (60 ) 989 - 989 Total $ 16,931 $ (7 ) $ 10 $ 400 $ 17,334 $ 269 $ 17,065 For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 Balance at December 31, 2021 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at September 30, 2022 Individually evaluated for impairment Collectively evaluated for impairment Real estate loans: Residential $ 1,147 $ - $ - $ (142 ) $ 1,005 $ 6 $ 999 Commercial 8,099 - - 1,838 9,937 60 9,877 Agricultural 4,729 - - (191 ) 4,538 24 4,514 Construction 434 - - 244 678 - 678 Consumer 262 (30 ) 15 (15 ) 232 4 228 Other commercial loans 1,023 (434 ) 11 (207 ) 393 13 380 Other agricultural loans 558 - - 801 1,359 - 1,359 State and political subdivision loans 281 - - 44 325 - 325 Unallocated 771 - - (947 ) (176 ) - (176 ) Total $ 17,304 $ (464 ) $ 26 $ 1,425 $ 18,291 $ 107 $ 18,184 For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 Balance at December 31, 2020 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at September 30, 2021 Individually evaluated for impairment Collectively evaluated for impairment Real estate loans: Residential $ 1,174 $ - $ - $ 16 $ 1,190 $ 16 $ 1,174 Commercial 6,216 - 89 1,373 7,678 97 7,581 Agricultural 4,953 - - (207 ) 4,746 12 4,734 Construction 122 - - 416 538 - 538 Consumer 321 (16 ) 16 (3 ) 318 - 318 Other commercial loans 1,226 (133 ) 13 25 1,131 35 1,096 Other agricultural loans 864 - - (416 ) 448 109 339 State and political subdivision loans 479 - - (183 ) 296 - 296 Unallocated 460 - - 529 989 - 989 Total $ 15,815 $ (149 ) $ 118 $ 1,550 $ 17,334 $ 269 $ 17,065 The Company allocates the ALLL based on the factors described below, which conform to the Company’s loan classification policy and credit quality measurements. In reviewing risk within the Company’s loan portfolio, management has determined there to be several different risk categories within the loan portfolio. The ALLL consists of amounts applicable to: (i) residential real estate loans; (ii) residential real estate home equity loans; (iii) commercial real estate loans; (iv) agricultural real estate loans; (v) real estate construction loans; (vi) other commercial and agricultural loans; (vii) consumer loans; (viii) other agricultural loans and (ix) state and political subdivision loans. Factors considered in this process include general loan terms, collateral, and availability of historical data to support the analysis. Historical loss percentages are calculated and used as the basis for calculating allowance allocations. Certain qualitative factors are evaluated to determine additional inherent risks in the loan portfolio, which are not necessarily reflected in the historical loss percentages. These factors are then added to the historical allocation percentage to get the adjusted factor to be applied to non-classified loans. The following qualitative factors are analyzed: • Level of and trends in delinquencies and impaired/classified loans ▪ Change in volume and severity of past due loans ▪ Volume and severity of non-accrual loans ▪ Volume and severity of classified, adversely or graded loans; • Level of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; • Trends in volume, terms and nature of the loan portfolio; • Effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards and any other changes in lending and recovery policies, procedures and practices; • Changes in the quality of the Company’s loan review system; • Experience, ability and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; • National, state, regional and local economic trends and business conditions ▪ General economic conditions ▪ Unemployment rates ▪ Inflation rate/ Consumer Price Index ▪ Changes in values of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans; • Industry conditions including the effects of external factors such as competition, legal, and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses; • Existence and effect of any credit concentrations, and changes in the level of such concentrations; and • Any change in the level of board oversight. The Company analyzes its loan portfolio at least each quarter to determine the adequacy of its ALLL. Loans determined to be TDRs are impaired and for purposes of estimating the ALLL must be individually evaluated for impairment. In calculating the impairment, the Company calculates the present value utilizing an analysis of discounted cash flows. If the present value calculated is below the recorded investment of the loan, impairment is recognized by a charge to the provision for loan and lease losses and a credit to the ALLL. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the qualitative factors for levels and trends in delinquency, levels and trends in charge-offs and recoveries and general economic conditions and unemployment were reduced for consumer loans due to the significant change in the composition of the consumer loan portfolio. Due to this composition change, the qualitative factor the nature of the portfolio was increased. The provision for commercial real estate and construction loans was driven by loan growth in these pools. The provision for other commercial loans was driven by an increase in the historical loss factor due to losses in 2022. The negative provision for other agricultural loans was due to a decrease in the loan balances during 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the qualitative factors for general economic conditions and unemployment were reduced for all loan categories due to a return to a more normalized activity level since the Covid-19 pandemic began during which the factors were increased. The change in these factors explains the negative provision for residential and agricultural real estate loans. The qualitative factors for levels and trends in delinquency, levels and trends in charge-offs and recoveries and general economic conditions and unemployment were reduced for consumer loans due to the significant change in the composition of the consumer loan portfolio. Due to this composition change, the qualitative factor the nature of the portfolio was increased. The provision for commercial real estate, construction, and state and political loans was driven by loan growth in these pools. The provision for other commercial loans was driven by an increase in the historical loss factor due to losses in 2022. The negative provision for other agricultural loans was due to a decrease in the loan balances during 2022. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the allowance for commercial real estate loans increased due to loans acquired as part of the MidCoast acquisition maturing and then renewed and becoming subject to the Company’s allowance calculation. The factor related to volume and severity of past due loans was decreased for other commercial loans due to a decrease in past due loans. The factor related to the volume and severity of classified, adversely or graded loans was decreased for state and political loans due to a decrease in classified loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the allowance for commercial real estate loans and other commercial loans increased due to loans acquired as part of the MidCoast acquisition maturing and then renewed and becoming subject to the Company’s allowance calculation. The factor related to level of past due loans for residential real estate loans and other commercial loans was decreased due to a decrease in past due loans. The factor related to volume of non-accrual loans was decreased for commercial real estate loans due to a decrease in the volume of non-accrual loans. The factor related to the volume and severity of classified, adversely or graded loans was decreased for agricultural real estate, other agricultural and state and political loans due to a decrease in classified loans. The factors for trends in volume, terms and nature of the portfolio, experience and depth of lending management and relevant staff, and changes in value of underlying value of collateral were increased for the construction loan portfolio due to the increase in the overall size of the portfolio, the increase in the size of individual construction loans and the complexity of the construction projects funded. Foreclosed Assets Held For Sale Foreclosed assets acquired in settlement of loans are carried at fair value, less estimated costs to sell, and are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, included within other assets are $877,000 and $1,180,000, respectively, of foreclosed assets. As of September 30, 2022, included within the foreclosed assets are $316,000 of consumer residential mortgages that were foreclosed on or received via a deed in lieu transaction prior to the period end. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had initiated formal foreclosure proceedings on $185,000 of consumer residential mortgages, which had not yet been transferred into foreclosed assets. In accordance with various state regulations, foreclosure actions have been suspended into the fourth quarter. |