Stock-based compensation and equity transactions | Note 7 - Stock-based compensation and equity transactions The Company’s current stock incentive plan provides for the granting of qualified and nonqualified options to the Company’s officers, directors and employees. The Company satisfies the exercise of options by issuing previously unissued common shares. On July 17, 2017, the Company granted 100,000 incentive stock options to its newly hired President and Chief Executive Officer. These options, which expire in ten years from the date of grant, vested as to 10,000 shares on the date of grant, and the balance thereafter vests as to 10,000 shares per annum over the remaining nine years of the grant. On December 13, 2017, the Company granted 80,000 incentive stock options to an employee. These options vested 8,000 shares on the date of grant, and the balance vests as to 8,000 shares per year thereafter on each of the next nine anniversaries of December 13, 2017, and expire ten years from date of grant. No other options were granted to Company employees during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017. The weighted average fair value of employee and non-employee directors’ stock options granted by the Company during the nine months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017 was estimated to be $2.44 and $1.60, respectively, per share, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: Nine Months Ended July 31, 2018 2017 Risk-free interest rate 1.87 % 1.20 % Dividend yield 3.28 % 5.00 % Expected life of the option 4.54 years 4.31 years Volatility factor 46.83 % 43.30 % Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock price and other factors. The Company used the historical method to calculate the expected life of the 2018 and 2017 option grants. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate with a maturity date corresponding to the options’ expected life. The dividend yield is based upon the historical dividend yield. Company stock option plans Descriptions of the Company’s stock option plans are included in Note 9 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2017. A summary of the status of the options granted under the Company’s stock option plans as of July 31, 2018 and the changes in options outstanding during the nine months then ended is presented in the table that follows: Weighted Average Shares Exercise Price Outstanding at November 1, 2017 1,159,771 $ 3.20 Options granted 269,635 $ 2.44 Options exercised (396,087 ) $ 2.57 Options canceled or expired (63,718 ) $ 4.88 Options outstanding at July 31, 2018 969,601 $ 3.11 Options exercisable at July 31, 2018 654,863 $ 3.09 Options vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2018 967,379 $ 3.11 Weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding as of July 31, 2018: 4.67 years Weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable as of July 31, 2018: 3.33 years Weighted average remaining contractual life of options vested and expected to vest as of July 31, 2018: 4.65 years Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at July 31, 2018: $6,612,000 Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at July 31, 2018: $4,461,000 Aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2018: $6,583,000 As of July 31, 2018, $305,000 of expense with respect to nonvested share-based arrangements has yet to be recognized but is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 6.02 years. Non-employee directors receive $50,000 annually, which is paid one-half in cash and one-half through the grant of non-qualified stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. During the quarter ended January 31, 2018, the Company granted each of its five non-employee directors 37,927 non-qualified stock options. The number of stock options granted to each director was determined by dividing $25,000 by the fair value of a stock option grant using the Black-Scholes model ($0.659 per share). These options vest ratably over fiscal year 2018 and expires five year from the date of grant. During the quarter ended July 31, 2018, the Company did not grant any options. Stock option expense During the nine months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, stock-based compensation expense totaled $189,000 and $161,000, respectively. During the three months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, stock-based compensation expense totaled $57,000 and $62,000, respectively. For the nine months ended July 31, 2018 and 2017, stock-based compensation classified in cost of sales amounted to $0 and $9,000, respectively, and stock-based compensation classified in selling and general expense amounted to $189,000 and $152,000, respectively. |