Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | NOTE 4, Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company's loan portfolio as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 101,021 $ 94,827 Commercial 289,682 285,429 Construction 27,489 23,116 Second mortgages 17,918 17,128 Equity lines of credit 56,610 51,024 Total mortgage loans on real estate 492,720 471,524 Commercial and industrial loans 60,398 54,434 Consumer automobile loans 119,251 10,407 Other consumer loans 54,974 48,500 Other (1) 11,197 19,017 Total loans 738,540 603,882 Less: Allowance for loan losses (9,448 ) (8,245 ) Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees (2) $ 729,092 $ 595,637 (1) Overdrawn deposit accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other category in the table above. Overdrawn deposit accounts totaled $594 thousand and $536 thousand at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. (2) Net deferred loan costs totaled $916 thousand and $522 thousand at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION The Company uses internally-assigned risk grades to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company's internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance. The Company's internally assigned risk grades are as follows: · Pass: · Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): · Substandard: · Doubtful: · Loss: The following table presents credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of the dates indicated: Credit Quality Information As of December 31, 2017 Pass OAEM Substandard Total (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 98,656 $ - $ 2,365 $ 101,021 Commercial 264,275 10,526 14,881 289,682 Construction 26,694 74 721 27,489 Second mortgages 17,211 431 276 17,918 Equity lines of credit 56,318 - 292 56,610 Total mortgage loans on real estate 463,154 11,031 18,535 492,720 Commercial and industrial loans 58,091 1,469 838 60,398 Consumer automobile loans 119,211 - 40 119,251 Other consumer loans 54,926 - 48 54,974 Other 11,197 - - 11,197 Total $ 706,579 $ 12,500 $ 19,461 $ 738,540 Credit Quality Information As of December 31, 2016 Pass OAEM Substandard Total (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 92,458 $ 1,138 $ 1,231 $ 94,827 Commercial 260,948 10,014 14,467 285,429 Construction 22,219 162 735 23,116 Second mortgages 16,445 475 208 17,128 Equity lines of credit 50,387 500 137 51,024 Total mortgage loans on real estate 442,457 12,289 16,778 471,524 Commercial and industrial loans 49,979 2,278 2,177 54,434 Consumer automobile loans 10,407 - - 10,407 Other consumer loans 48,334 - 166 48,500 Other 19,017 - - 19,017 Total $ 570,194 $ 14,567 $ 19,121 $ 603,882 As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 the Company did not have any loans internally classified as Loss or Doubtful. AGE ANALYSIS OF PAST DUE LOANS BY CLASS All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection. Loans in nonaccrual status that are also past due are included in the aging categories in the table below. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2017 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Total Current Loans (1) Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days Past Due and Accruing (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 229 $ 153 $ 1,278 $ 1,660 $ 99,361 $ 101,021 $ 261 Commercial 194 771 1,753 2,718 286,964 289,682 - Construction - - 721 721 26,768 27,489 - Second mortgages 15 - 163 178 17,740 17,918 45 Equity lines of credit 75 19 53 147 56,463 56,610 - Total mortgage loans on real estate 513 943 3,968 5,424 487,296 492,720 306 Commercial and industrial loans 709 - 1,060 1,769 58,629 60,398 471 Consumer automobile loans 517 122 41 680 118,571 119,251 41 Other consumer loans 2,222 544 2,360 5,126 49,848 54,974 2,360 Other 84 9 4 97 11,100 11,197 4 Total $ 4,045 $ 1,618 $ 7,433 $ 13,096 $ 725,444 $ 738,540 $ 3,182 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. In the table above, the other consumer category includes student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 98% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $4.2 million at December 31, 2017. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2016 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Total Current Loans (1) Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days Past Due and Accruing (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 564 $ - $ 496 $ 1,060 $ 93,767 $ 94,827 $ 218 Commercial 2,280 1,625 227 4,132 281,297 285,429 - Construction 162 - - 162 22,954 23,116 - Second mortgages - 200 188 388 16,740 17,128 58 Equity lines of credit 394 9 86 489 50,535 51,024 - Total mortgage loans on real estate 3,400 1,834 997 6,231 465,293 471,524 276 Commercial and industrial loans 5 - 86 91 54,343 54,434 - Consumer automobile loans - 11 - 11 10,396 10,407 - Other consumer loans 1,876 702 2,684 5,262 43,238 48,500 2,603 Other 41 12 5 58 18,959 19,017 5 Total $ 5,322 $ 2,559 $ 3,772 $ 11,653 $ 592,229 $ 603,882 $ 2,884 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. In the table above, the consumer category includes student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 98% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $4.8 million at December 31, 2016. NONACCRUAL LOANS The Company generally places commercial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) in nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred or the loan reaches 90 days past due, unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. Under regulatory rules, consumer loans, which are loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures, and consumer loans secured by real estate (including residential 1 - 4 family mortgages, second mortgages, and equity lines of credit) are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status. Although consumer loans and consumer loans secured by real estate are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status, the Company may elect to place these loans in nonaccrual status, if necessary to avoid a material overstatement of interest income. Generally, consumer loans secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when payments are 120 days past due. Generally, consumer loans not secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when part of the principal has been charged off. If a charge-off has not occurred sooner for other reasons, a consumer loan not secured by real estate will generally be placed in nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. These loans are charged off or written down to the net realizable value of the collateral when deemed uncollectible, when classified as a "loss," when repayment is unreasonably protracted, when bankruptcy has been initiated, or when the loan is 120 days or more past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. When management places a loan in nonaccrual status, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and the loan is accounted for by the cash basis or cost recovery method, until it qualifies for return to accrual status or is charged off. Generally, loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months. The following table presents loans in nonaccrual status by class of loan as of the dates indicated: Nonaccrual Loans by Class December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 1,447 $ 598 Commercial 9,468 6,033 Construction 721 - Second mortgages 118 129 Equity lines of credit 292 87 Total mortgage loans on real estate 12,046 6,847 Commercial and industrial loans 836 231 Consumer loans - 81 Total $ 12,882 $ 7,159 The following table presents the interest income that the Company would have earned under the original terms of its nonaccrual loans and the actual interest recorded by the Company on nonaccrual loans for the periods presented: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (in thousands) Interest income that would have been recorded under original loan terms $ 474 $ 318 $ 196 Actual interest income recorded for the period 281 269 141 Reduction in interest income on nonaccrual loans $ 193 $ 49 $ 55 TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS The Company's loan portfolio includes certain loans classified as TDRs, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company's loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company defines a TDR as nonperforming if the TDR is in nonaccrual status or is 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at the report date. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates any possible impairment as discussed further under Impaired Loans below. The following table presents TDRs during the period indicated, by class of loan: Troubled Debt Restructurings by Class For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Number of Modifications Recorded Investment Prior to Modification Recorded Investment After Modification Current Investment on December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family 1 $ 142 $ 142 $ 140 Commercial 3 5,132 5,132 5,132 Total 4 $ 5,274 $ 5,274 $ 5,272 Troubled Debt Restructurings by Class For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Number of Modifications Recorded Investment Prior to Modification Recorded Investment After Modification Current Investment on December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family 6 $ 1,061 $ 1,061 $ 992 Commercial 1 150 150 - Second mortgages 1 53 53 53 Equity lines of credit 1 93 93 86 Total mortgage loans on real estate 9 1,357 1,357 1,131 Commercial and industrial loans 1 152 152 144 Consumer loans 2 8 8 - Total 12 $ 1,517 $ 1,517 $ 1,275 Of the loans restructured in 2017 two were given a below-market rate for debt with similar risk characteristics and two were granted terms that the Company would not otherwise extend to borrowers with similar risk charateristics. All of the loans restructured in 2016 were given below-market rates for debt with similar risk characteristics. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had no outstanding commitments to disburse additional funds on any TDR. December 31, 2017 and 2016 In the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 there were no defaulting TDRs where the default occurred within twelve months of restructuring. The Company considers a TDR in default when any of the following occurs: the loan, as restructured, becomes 90 days or more past due; the loan is moved to nonaccrual status following the restructure; the loan is restructured again under terms that would qualify it as a TDR if it were not already so classified; or any portion of the loan is charged off. All TDRs are factored into the determination of the allowance for loan losses and included in the impaired loan analysis, as discussed below. IMPAIRED LOANS A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans include nonperforming loans and loans modified in a TDR. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, except when the sole or remaining source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, when foreclosure is probable, instead of the discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method. For financial statement purposes, the recorded investment in the loan is the actual principal balance reduced by payments that would otherwise have been applied to interest. When reporting information on these loans to the applicable customers, the unpaid principal balance is reported as if payments were applied to principal and interest under the original terms of the loan agreements. Therefore, the unpaid principal balance reported to the customer would be higher than the recorded investment in the loan for financial statement purposes. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of the impaired loan is not in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received under the cash basis method. The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of the dates presented. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the periods presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances. Impaired Loans by Class As of December 31, 2017 For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 2,873 $ 2,499 $ 316 $ 52 $ 2,525 $ 90 Commercial 15,262 11,622 1,644 1 13,541 579 Construction 814 721 92 18 406 23 Second mortgages 473 318 135 14 464 20 Equity lines of credit 293 53 239 10 261 - Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 19,715 $ 15,213 $ 2,426 $ 95 $ 17,197 $ 712 Commercial and industrial loans 1,115 836 - - 1,388 30 Consumer loans - - - - 41 - Total $ 20,830 $ 16,049 $ 2,426 $ 95 $ 18,626 $ 742 Impaired Loans by Class As of December 31, 2016 For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 2,496 $ 1,835 $ 622 $ 75 $ 2,741 $ 119 Commercial 16,193 11,095 4,274 415 11,885 727 Construction 619 528 96 22 496 43 Second mortgages 526 309 141 17 511 25 Equity lines of credit 87 86 - - 46 3 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 19,921 $ 13,853 $ 5,133 $ 529 $ 15,679 $ 917 Commercial and industrial loans 1,077 - 989 271 827 74 Consumer loans 81 81 - - 68 1 Total $ 21,079 $ 13,934 $ 6,122 $ 800 $ $ 16,574 $ 992 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Loans are either individually evaluated for impairment or pooled with like loans and collectively evaluated for impairment. Also, various qualitative factors are applied to each segment of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is the accumulation of these components. Management's estimate is based on certain observable, historical data and other factors that management believes are most reflective of the underlying credit losses being estimated. Management provides an allocated component of the allowance for loans that are individually evaluated for impairment. An allocated allowance is established when the discounted value of expected future cash flows from the impaired loan (or the collateral value or observable market price of the impaired loan) is lower than the carrying value of that loan. This allocation represents the sum of management's estimated losses on each loan. Loans collectively evaluated for impairment are pooled, with a historical loss rate, based on migration analysis, applied to each pool, segmented by risk grade or days past due, depending on the type of loan. Based on credit risk assessments and management's analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions, trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY SEGMENT The following table presents, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans for the periods presented. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS (in thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Commercial Real Estate - Construction Real Estate - Mortgage Consumer Other Total Allowance for Loan Losses: Balance at the beginning of period $ 1,493 $ 846 $ 5,267 $ 455 $ 184 $ 8,245 Charge-offs (807 ) - (1,934 ) (279 ) (267 ) (3,287 ) Recoveries 37 104 45 56 88 330 Provision for loan losses 1,166 (409 ) 1,839 1,412 152 4,160 Ending balance 1,889 541 5,217 1,644 157 9,448 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment - 18 77 - - 95 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 1,889 523 5,140 1,644 157 9,353 Ending balance 1,889 541 5,217 1,644 157 9,448 Loan Balances: Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment 836 813 16,826 - - 18,475 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 59,562 26,676 448,405 174,225 11,197 720,065 Ending balance $ 60,398 $ 27,489 $ 465,231 $ 174,225 $ 11,197 $ 738,540 For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Commercial Real Estate - Construction Real Estate - Mortgage Consumer Other Total Allowance for Loan Losses: Balance at the beginning of period $ 633 $ 985 $ 5,628 $ 279 $ 213 $ 7,738 Charge-offs (915 ) - (504 ) (204 ) (147 ) (1,770 ) Recoveries 79 3 197 28 40 347 Provision for loan losses 1,696 (142 ) (54 ) 352 78 1,930 Ending balance 1,493 846 5,267 455 184 8,245 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment 271 22 507 - - 800 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 1,222 824 4,760 455 184 7,445 Ending balance 1,493 846 5,267 455 184 8,245 Loan Balances: Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment 989 624 18,362 81 - 20,056 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 53,445 22,492 430,046 58,826 19,017 583,826 Ending balance $ 54,434 $ 23,116 $ 448,408 $ 58,907 $ 19,017 $ 603,882 CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING METHODOLOGY Historical loss rates calculated by migration analysis are determined by the performance of a loan over a period of time (the migration period). This migration period can be lengthened or shortened based on management's assessment of the most appropriate length of time over which to analyze losses in the loan portfolio. The Company can also calculate multiple migration periods, allowing management to assess the migration of loans based on more than one starting point. In the third quarter of 2017, management changed its migration approach for calculating the allowance to better match the length of the current credit cycle. The number of migration periods was changed from four to eight. Each migration period remains at twelve quarters, the length of the migration period used by the Company in prior periods. This change had the result of reducing the calculated provision by $1.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017. The prior methodology was resulting in distortion between required allocations by segment and the underlying credit metrics for those segments. By increasing the number of migration periods from four to eight, the migration is better able to capture the performance of the portfolio segment over a greater portion of the credit cycle. The following table represents the effect on the loan loss provision as a result of these changes in methodology. It compares the methodology actually used for the year ended December 31, 2017 to that used in prior periods. Calculated Provision Based on Current Methodology Calculated Provision Based on Prior Methodology Difference (in thousands) Portfolio Segment: Commercial $ 1,166 $ 1,653 $ (487 ) Real estate - construction (409 ) (791 ) 382 Real estate - mortgage 1,839 2,397 (558 ) Consumer loans 1,412 1,698 (286 ) Other 152 361 (209 ) Total $ 4,160 $ 5,318 $ (1,158 ) |