Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 3. Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company's loan portfolio as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 102,428 $ 101,021 Commercial 287,395 289,682 Construction 29,054 27,489 Second mortgages 18,721 17,918 Equity lines of credit 54,907 56,610 Total mortgage loans on real estate 492,505 492,720 Commercial and industrial loans 57,019 60,398 Consumer automobile loans 120,360 119,251 Other consumer loans 52,661 54,974 Other 10,330 11,197 Total loans, net of deferred fees (1) 732,875 738,540 Less: Allowance for loan losses (9,731 ) (9,448 ) Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees and costs (1) $ 723,144 $ 729,092 (1) Net deferred loan fees totaled $906 thousand and $916 thousand at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Overdrawn deposit accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other category in the table above. Overdrawn deposit accounts totaled $662 thousand and $594 thousand at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION The Company uses internally-assigned risk grades to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company's internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance. The Company's internally assigned risk grades are as follows: Pass: Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): Substandard: Doubtful: Loss: The following table presents credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of the dates indicated: Credit Quality Information As of March 31, 2018 (in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 100,314 $ 450 $ 1,664 $ - $ 102,428 Commercial 259,935 13,770 13,690 - 287,395 Construction 28,259 73 722 - 29,054 Second mortgages 18,000 538 183 - 18,721 Equity lines of credit 54,597 - 310 - 54,907 Total mortgage loans on real estate 461,105 14,831 16,569 - 492,505 Commercial and industrial loans 54,598 1,833 588 - 57,019 Consumer automobile loans 119,930 - 430 - 120,360 Other consumer loans 52,446 - 215 - 52,661 Other 10,330 - - - 10,330 Total $ 698,409 $ 16,664 $ 17,802 $ - $ 732,875 Credit Quality Information As of December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 98,656 $ - $ 2,365 $ - $ 101,021 Commercial 264,275 10,526 14,881 - 289,682 Construction 26,694 74 721 - 27,489 Second mortgages 17,211 431 276 - 17,918 Equity lines of credit 56,318 - 292 - 56,610 Total mortgage loans on real estate 463,154 11,031 18,535 - 492,720 Commercial and industrial loans 58,091 1,469 838 - 60,398 Consumer automobile loans 119,211 - 40 - 119,251 Other consumer loans 54,926 - 48 - 54,974 Other 11,197 - - - 11,197 Total $ 706,579 $ 12,500 $ 19,461 $ - $ 738,540 AGE ANALYSIS OF PAST DUE LOANS BY CLASS All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection. Loans in nonaccrual status that are also past due are included in the aging categories in the table below. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of March 31, 2018 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Total Current Loans (1) Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days Past Due and Accruing (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 554 $ - $ 347 $ 901 $ 101,527 $ 102,428 $ - Commercial 315 588 386 1,289 286,106 287,395 - Construction - - 721 721 28,333 29,054 - Second mortgages 53 - 45 98 18,623 18,721 45 Equity lines of credit 454 - 53 507 54,400 54,907 - Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,376 588 1,552 3,516 488,989 492,505 45 Commercial loans 145 3 590 738 56,281 57,019 - Consumer automobile loans 572 94 142 808 119,552 120,360 142 Other consumer loans 642 472 1,963 3,077 49,584 52,661 1,962 Other 51 9 16 76 10,254 10,330 17 Total $ 2,786 $ 1,166 $ 4,263 $ 8,215 $ 724,660 $ 732,875 $ 2,166 (1) In the table above, the other consumer loans category includes student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 98% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $2.8 million at March 31, 2018. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2017 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Total Current Loans (1) Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days Past Due and Accruing (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 229 $ 153 $ 1,278 $ 1,660 $ 99,361 $ 101,021 $ 261 Commercial 194 771 1,753 2,718 286,964 289,682 - Construction - - 721 721 26,768 27,489 - Second mortgages 15 - 163 178 17,740 17,918 45 Equity lines of credit 75 19 53 147 56,463 56,610 - Total mortgage loans on real estate 513 943 3,968 5,424 487,296 492,720 306 Commercial loans 709 - 1,060 1,769 58,629 60,398 471 Consumer automobile loans 517 122 41 680 118,571 119,251 41 Other consumer loans 2,222 544 2,360 5,126 49,848 54,974 2,360 Other 84 9 4 97 11,100 11,197 4 Total $ 4,045 $ 1,618 $ 7,433 $ 13,096 $ 725,444 $ 738,540 $ 3,182 (1) In the table above, the other consumer loans category includes student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 98% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $4.2 million at December 31, 2017. Although the portion of the student loan portfolio that is 90 days or more past due would normally be considered impaired, the Company does not include these loans in its impairment analysis. Because the federal government has provided guarantees of repayment of these student loans in an amount ranging from 97% to 98% NONACCRUAL LOANS The Company generally places commercial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) in nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred or the loan reaches 90 days past due, unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. Under regulatory rules, consumer loans, which are loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures, and consumer loans secured by real estate (including residential 1 - 4 family mortgages, second mortgages, and equity lines of credit) are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status. Although consumer loans and consumer loans secured by real estate are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status, the Company may elect to place these loans in nonaccrual status, if necessary to avoid a material overstatement of interest income. Generally, consumer loans secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when payments are 120 days past due. Generally, consumer loans not secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when part of the principal has been charged off. If a charge-off has not occurred sooner for other reasons, a consumer loan not secured by real estate will generally be placed in nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. These loans are charged off or written down to the net realizable value of the collateral when deemed uncollectible, when classified as a "loss," when repayment is unreasonably protracted, when bankruptcy has been initiated, or when the loan is 120 days or more past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. When management places a loan in nonaccrual status, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and the loan is accounted for by the cash basis or cost recovery method, until it qualifies for return to accrual status or is charged off. Generally, loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months. The following table presents loans in nonaccrual status by class of loan as of the dates indicated: Nonaccrual Loans by Class March 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate Residential 1-4 family $ 1,226 $ 1,447 Commercial 10,924 9,468 Construction 722 721 Second mortgages 118 118 Equity lines of credit 311 292 Total mortgage loans on real estate 13,301 12,046 Commercial loans 830 836 Total $ 14,131 $ 12,882 The following table presents the interest income that the Company would have earned under the original terms of its nonaccrual loans and the actual interest recorded by the Company on nonaccrual loans for the periods presented: Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Interest income that would have been recorded under original loan terms $ 130 $ 117 Actual interest income recorded for the period 80 87 Reduction in interest income on nonaccrual loans $ 50 $ 30 TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS The Company's loan portfolio includes certain loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR), where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company's loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company defines a TDR as nonperforming if the TDR is in nonaccrual status or is 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at the report date. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates any possible impairment as stated in the impaired loan section below. The following tables present TDRs during the periods indicated, by class of loan. There were no troubled debt restructurings originated in the three months ended March 31, 2018. Troubled Debt Restructurings by Class For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Number of Modifications Recorded Investment Prior to Modification Recorded Investment After Modification Current Investment on March 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family 1 $ 142 $ 142 $ 142 The one loan restructured in the first three months ended March 31, 2017 was given below-market rates for debt with similar risk characteristics . In the first quarters of 2018 and 2017, there were no defaulting TDRs where the default occurred within twelve months of restructuring. The Company considers a TDR in default when any of the following occurs: the loan, as restructured, becomes 90 days or more past due; the loan is moved to nonaccrual status following the restructure; the loan is restructured again under terms that would qualify it as a TDR if it were not already so classified; or any portion of the loan is charged off. All TDRs are factored into the determination of the allowance for loan losses and included in the impaired loan analysis, as discussed below. IMPAIRED LOANS A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts when due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming loans and loans modified in a TDR. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, except when the sole or remaining source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, when foreclosure is probable, instead of the discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through a specific allocation in the allowance or a charge-off to the allowance. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost-recovery method. For financial statement purposes, the recorded investment in the loan is the actual principal balance reduced by payments that would otherwise have been applied to interest. When reporting information on these loans to the applicable customers, the unpaid principal balance is reported as if payments were applied to principal and interest under the original terms of the loan agreements. Therefore, the unpaid principal balance reported to the customer would be higher than the recorded investment in the loan for financial statement purposes. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of the impaired loan is not in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received under the cash-basis method. The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of the dates presented. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the periods presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances. Impaired Loans by Class As of March 31, 2018 For the three months ended March 31, 2018 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 2,059 $ 1,944 $ 94 $ 49 $ 2,042 $ 16 Commercial 16,290 14,245 436 164 15,596 93 Construction 813 722 91 17 814 1 Second mortgages 469 315 134 14 471 4 Equity lines of credit 312 53 258 29 312 - Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 19,943 $ 17,279 $ 1,013 $ 273 $ 19,235 $ 114 Commercial loans 1,109 830 - - 836 - Other consumer loans 170 - 168 68 169 4 Total $ 21,222 $ 18,109 $ 1,181 $ 341 $ 20,240 $ 118 Impaired Loans by Class As of December 31, 2017 For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 2,873 $ 2,499 $ 316 $ 52 $ 2,525 $ 90 Commercial 15,262 11,622 1,644 1 13,541 579 Construction 814 721 92 18 406 23 Second mortgages 473 318 135 14 464 20 Equity lines of credit 293 53 239 10 261 - Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 19,715 $ 15,213 $ 2,426 $ 95 $ 17,197 $ 712 Commercial loans 1,115 836 - - 1,388 30 Other consumer loans - - - - 41 - Total $ 20,830 $ 16,049 $ 2,426 $ 95 $ 18,626 $ 742 MONITORING OF LOANS AND EFFECT OF MONITORING FOR THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Loan officers are responsible for continual portfolio analysis and prompt identification and reporting of problem loans, which includes assigning a risk grade to each applicable loan at its origination and revising such grade as the situation dictates. Loan officers maintain frequent contact with borrowers, which should enable the loan officer to identify potential problems before other personnel. In addition, meetings with loan officers and upper management are held to discuss problem loans and review risk grades. Nonetheless, in order to avoid over-reliance upon loan officers for problem loan identification, the Company's loan review system provides for review of loans and risk grades by individuals who are independent of the loan approval process. Risk grades and historical loss rates (determined by migration analysis) by risk grades are used as a component of the calculation of the allowance for loan losses. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company segments the loan portfolio into categories as defined by Schedule RC-C of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income Form 041 (Call Report). Loans are segmented into the following pools: commercial, real estate-construction, real estate-mortgage, consumer and other loans. The Company also sub-segments the real estate-mortgage segment into four classes: residential 1-4 family, commercial real estate, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. The Company uses an internally developed risk evaluation model in the estimation of the credit risk process. The model and assumptions used to determine the allowance are independently validated and reviewed to ensure that the theoretical foundation, assumptions, data integrity, computational processes and reporting practices are appropriate and properly documented. Each portfolio segment has risk characteristics as follows: · Commercial: · Real estate-construction: · Real estate-mortgage: · Consumer loans: · Other loans: Each segment of the portfolio is pooled by risk grade or by days past due. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. A historical loss percentage is then calculated by migration analysis and applied to each pool. The migration analysis applied to all pools is able to track the risk grading and historical performance of individual loans throughout a number of periods set by management, which provides management with information regarding trends (or migrations) in a particular loan segment. At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 m anagement used eight twelve-quarter migration periods. Management also provides an allocated component of the allowance for loans that are specifically identified Based on credit risk assessments and management's analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions, trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY SEGMENT The total allowance reflects management's estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Company considers the allowance for loan losses of $9.7 million adequate to cover probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio at March 31, 2018. The following table presents, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans for the periods presented. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS (in thousands) For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Commercial Real Estate - Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Consumer (2) Other Total Allowance for Loan Losses: Balance at the beginning of period $ 1,889 $ 541 $ 5,217 $ 1,644 $ 157 $ 9,448 Charge-offs (78 ) - (125 ) (125 ) (79 ) (407 ) Recoveries 18 - 71 52 24 165 Provision for loan losses 190 (131 ) 310 90 66 525 Ending balance $ 2,019 $ 410 $ 5,473 $ 1,661 $ 168 $ 9,731 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 17 $ 256 $ 68 $ - $ 341 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 2,019 393 5,217 1,593 168 9,390 Ending balance $ 2,019 $ 410 $ 5,473 $ 1,661 $ 168 $ 9,731 Loan Balances: Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 830 $ 813 $ 17,479 $ 168 $ - $ 19,290 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 56,189 28,241 445,972 172,853 10,330 713,585 Ending balance $ 57,019 $ 29,054 $ 463,451 $ 173,021 $ 10,330 $ 732,875 For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Commercial Real Estate - Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Consumer Other Total Allowance for Loan Losses: Balance at the beginning of period $ 1,493 $ 846 $ 5,267 $ 455 $ 184 $ 8,245 Charge-offs (807 ) - (1,934 ) (279 ) (267 ) (3,287 ) Recoveries 37 104 45 56 88 330 Provision for loan losses 1,166 (409 ) 1,839 1,412 152 4,160 Ending balance $ 1,889 $ 541 $ 5,217 $ 1,644 $ 157 $ 9,448 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 18 $ 77 $ - $ - $ 95 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 1,889 523 5,140 1,644 157 9,353 Ending balance $ 1,889 $ 541 $ 5,217 $ 1,644 $ 157 $ 9,448 Loan Balances: Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 836 $ 813 $ 16,826 $ 0 $ - $ 18,475 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 59,562 26,676 448,405 174,225 11,197 720,065 Ending balance $ 60,398 $ 27,489 $ 465,231 $ 174,225 $ 11,197 $ 738,540 (1) (2) |