Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4. Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company's portfolio of loans held for investment as of the dates indicated: September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 110,133 $ 101,021 Commercial 312,079 289,682 Construction 32,898 27,489 Second mortgages 17,874 17,918 Equity lines of credit 57,069 56,610 Total mortgage loans on real estate 530,053 492,720 Commercial and industrial loans 67,772 60,398 Consumer automobile loans 125,166 119,251 Other consumer loans 45,732 54,974 Other 10,712 11,197 Total loans, net of deferred fees (1) 779,435 738,540 Less: Allowance for loan losses (10,231 ) (9,448 ) Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees and costs (1) $ 769,204 $ 729,092 (1) Net deferred loan fees totaled $849 thousand and $916 thousand at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Overdrawn deposit accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other category in the table above. Overdrawn deposit accounts, excluding internal use accounts, totaled $605 thousand and $424 thousand at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Acquired Loans The Company had no acquired loans as of December 31, 2017. The outstanding principal balance and the carrying amount of total acquired loans included in the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 are as follows: September 30, 2018 (in thousands) Outstanding principal balance $ 30,595 Carrying amount 30,038 The outstanding principal balance and related carrying amount of acquired impaired loans, for which the Company applies FASB ASC 310-30 to account for interest earned, as of September 30, 2018 are as follows: September 30, 2018 (in thousands) Outstanding principal balance $ 679 Carrying amount 448 The following table presents changes in the accretable yield on acquired impaired loans, for which the Company applies FASB ASC 310-30, at September 30, 2018: September 30, 2018 (in thousands) Balance at January 1, 2018 $ - Additions from acquisition of Citizens 110 Accretion (18 ) Other changes, net - Balance at end of period $ 92 CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION The Company uses internally-assigned risk grades to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company's internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance. The Company's internally assigned risk grades are as follows: Pass: Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): Substandard: Doubtful: Loss: The following table presents credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of the dates indicated: Credit Quality Information As of September 30, 2018 (in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 108,270 $ - $ 1,863 $ - $ 110,133 Commercial 284,698 8,144 19,237 - 312,079 Construction 32,409 71 418 - 32,898 Second mortgages 17,535 - 339 - 17,874 Equity lines of credit 56,770 - 299 - 57,069 Total mortgage loans on real estate 499,682 8,215 22,156 - 530,053 Commercial and industrial loans 65,170 2,143 459 - 67,772 Consumer automobile loans 124,765 - 401 - 125,166 Other consumer loans 45,597 - 135 - 45,732 Other 10,712 - - - 10,712 Total $ 745,926 $ 10,358 $ 23,151 $ - $ 779,435 Credit Quality Information As of December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 98,656 $ - $ 2,365 $ - $ 101,021 Commercial 264,275 10,526 14,881 - 289,682 Construction 26,694 74 721 - 27,489 Second mortgages 17,211 431 276 - 17,918 Equity lines of credit 56,318 - 292 - 56,610 Total mortgage loans on real estate 463,154 11,031 18,535 - 492,720 Commercial and industrial loans 58,091 1,469 838 - 60,398 Consumer automobile loans 119,211 - 40 - 119,251 Other consumer loans 54,926 - 48 - 54,974 Other 11,197 - - - 11,197 Total $ 706,579 $ 12,500 $ 19,461 $ - $ 738,540 AGE ANALYSIS OF PAST DUE LOANS BY CLASS All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection. Loans in nonaccrual status that are also past due are included in the aging categories in the table below. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of September 30, 2018 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due Acquired Impaired Total Current Loans (1) Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days Past Due and Accruing (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 460 $ 655 $ 860 $ 347 $ 107,811 $ 110,133 $ 429 Commercial 445 710 4,707 101 306,116 312,079 149 Construction - - 418 - 32,480 32,898 - Second mortgages 119 149 189 - 17,417 17,874 96 Equity lines of credit 790 91 1,011 - 55,177 57,069 962 Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,814 1,605 7,185 448 519,001 530,053 1,636 Commercial loans 214 600 559 - 66,399 67,772 419 Consumer automobile loans 1,221 196 52 - 123,697 125,166 51 Other consumer loans 778 886 2,198 - 41,870 45,732 2,198 Other 76 10 10 - 10,616 10,712 10 Total $ 4,103 $ 3,297 $ 10,004 $ 448 $ 761,583 $ 779,435 $ 4,314 (1) In the table above, the past due totals include student loans and small business loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 100% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $3.9 million at September 30, 2018. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2017 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due Total Current Loans (1) Total Loans Recorded Investment > 90 Days Past Due and Accruing (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 229 $ 153 $ 1,278 $ 99,361 $ 101,021 $ 261 Commercial 194 771 1,753 286,964 289,682 - Construction - - 721 26,768 27,489 - Second mortgages 15 - 163 17,740 17,918 45 Equity lines of credit 75 19 53 56,463 56,610 - Total mortgage loans on real estate 513 943 3,968 487,296 492,720 306 Commercial loans 709 - 1,060 58,629 60,398 471 Consumer automobile loans 517 122 41 118,571 119,251 41 Other consumer loans 2,222 544 2,360 49,848 54,974 2,360 Other 84 9 4 11,100 11,197 4 Total $ 4,045 $ 1,618 $ 7,433 $ 725,444 $ 738,540 $ 3,182 (1) In the table above, the other consumer loans category includes student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 98% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $4.2 million at December 31, 2017. Although the portions of the student and small business loan portfolios that are 90 days or more past due would normally be considered impaired, the Company does not include these loans in its impairment analysis. Because the federal government has provided guarantees of repayment of these student and small business loans in an amount ranging from 97% to 100% NONACCRUAL LOANS The Company generally places commercial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) in nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred or the loan reaches 90 days past due, unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. Under regulatory rules, consumer loans, which are loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures, and consumer loans secured by real estate (including residential 1 - 4 family mortgages, second mortgages, and equity lines of credit) are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status. Although consumer loans and consumer loans secured by real estate are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status, the Company may elect to place these loans in nonaccrual status, if necessary to avoid a material overstatement of interest income. Generally, consumer loans secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when payments are 120 days past due. Generally, consumer loans not secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when part of the principal has been charged off. If a charge-off has not occurred sooner for other reasons, a consumer loan not secured by real estate will generally be placed in nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. These loans are charged off or written down to the net realizable value of the collateral when deemed uncollectible, when classified as a "loss," when repayment is unreasonably protracted, when bankruptcy has been initiated, or when the loan is 120 days or more past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. When management places a loan in nonaccrual status, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and the loan is accounted for by the cash basis or cost recovery method, until it qualifies for return to accrual status or is charged off. Generally, loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months. The following table presents loans in nonaccrual status by class of loan as of the dates indicated: Nonaccrual Loans by Class September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate Residential 1-4 family $ 1,283 $ 1,447 Commercial 10,498 9,468 Construction 418 721 Second mortgages 203 118 Equity lines of credit 299 292 Total mortgage loans on real estate 12,701 12,046 Commercial loans 308 836 Total $ 13,009 $ 12,882 No acquired impaired loans were on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2018. The following table presents the interest income that the Company would have earned under the original terms of its nonaccrual loans and the actual interest recorded by the Company on nonaccrual loans for the periods presented: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 (in thousands) Interest income that would have been recorded under original loan terms $ 388 $ 311 Actual interest income recorded for the period 249 179 Reduction in interest income on nonaccrual loans $ 139 $ 132 TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS The Company's loan portfolio includes certain loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR), where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company's loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company defines a TDR as nonperforming if the TDR is in nonaccrual status or is 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at the report date. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates any possible impairment as stated in the impaired loan section below. The following table presents TDRs during the periods indicated, by class of loan. There were no troubled debt restructurings in the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018 or the three months ended September 30, 2017. Troubled Debt Restructurings by Class For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 Number of Modifications Recorded Investment Prior to Modification Recorded Investment After Modification Current Investment on September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family 1 $ 142 $ 142 $ 141 Commercial 2 3,663 3,663 3,653 Total 3 $ 3,805 $ 3,805 $ 3,794 Of the loans restructured in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 one was given a below-market rate for debt with similar risk characteristics and two were granted terms that the Company would not otherwise extend to borrowers with similar risk characteristics In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no defaulting TDRs where the default occurred within twelve months of restructuring. The Company considers a TDR in default when any of the following occurs: the loan, as restructured, becomes 90 days or more past due; the loan is moved to nonaccrual status following the restructure; the loan is restructured again under terms that would qualify it as a TDR if it were not already so classified; or any portion of the loan is charged off. All TDRs are factored into the determination of the allowance for loan losses and included in the impaired loan analysis, as discussed below. IMPAIRED LOANS A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts when due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming loans and loans modified in a TDR. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, except when the sole or remaining source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, when foreclosure is probable, instead of the discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through a specific allocation in the allowance or a charge-off to the allowance. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost-recovery method. For financial statement purposes, the recorded investment in the loan is the actual principal balance reduced by payments that would otherwise have been applied to interest. When reporting information on these loans to the applicable customers, the unpaid principal balance is reported as if payments were applied to principal and interest under the original terms of the loan agreements. Therefore, the unpaid principal balance reported to the customer would be higher than the recorded investment in the loan for financial statement purposes. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of the impaired loan is not in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received under the cash-basis method. The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans, exclusive of acquired impaired loans, with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of the dates presented. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the periods presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances. Impaired Loans by Class As of September 30, 2018 For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 2,139 $ 1,924 $ 93 $ 47 $ 2,123 $ 63 Commercial 15,099 12,921 607 113 14,471 403 Construction 511 418 93 19 718 6 Second mortgages 547 397 131 14 510 11 Equity lines of credit 300 49 250 22 324 1 Total mortgage loans on real estate 18,596 15,709 1,174 215 18,146 484 Commercial loans 396 80 228 14 493 6 Other consumer loans 45 - - - 58 1 Total $ 19,037 $ 15,789 $ 1,402 $ 229 $ 18,697 $ 491 Impaired Loans by Class As of December 31, 2017 For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (in thousands) Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 2,873 $ 2,499 $ 316 $ 52 $ 2,525 $ 90 Commercial 15,262 11,622 1,644 1 13,541 579 Construction 814 721 92 18 406 23 Second mortgages 473 318 135 14 464 20 Equity lines of credit 293 53 239 10 261 - Total mortgage loans on real estate 19,715 15,213 2,426 95 17,197 712 Commercial loans 1,115 836 - - 1,388 30 Other consumer loans - - - - 41 - Total $ 20,830 $ 16,049 $ 2,426 $ 95 $ 18,626 $ 742 MONITORING OF LOANS AND EFFECT OF MONITORING FOR THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Loan officers are responsible for continual portfolio analysis and prompt identification and reporting of problem loans, which includes assigning a risk grade to each applicable loan at its origination and revising such grade as the situation dictates. Loan officers maintain frequent contact with borrowers, which should enable the loan officer to identify potential problems before other personnel. In addition, meetings with loan officers and upper management are held to discuss problem loans and review risk grades. Nonetheless, in order to avoid over-reliance upon loan officers for problem loan identification, the Company's loan review system provides for review of loans and risk grades by individuals who are independent of the loan approval process. Risk grades and historical loss rates (determined by migration analysis) by risk grades are used as a component of the calculation of the allowance for loan losses. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company segments the loan portfolio into categories as defined by Schedule RC-C of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income Form 041 (Call Report). Loans are segmented into the following pools: commercial, real estate-construction, real estate-mortgage, consumer and other loans. The Company also sub-segments the real estate-mortgage segment into four classes: residential 1-4 family, commercial real estate, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. The Company uses an internally developed risk evaluation model in the estimation of the credit risk process. The model and assumptions used to determine the allowance are independently validated and reviewed to ensure that the theoretical foundation, assumptions, data integrity, computational processes and reporting practices are appropriate and properly documented. Each portfolio segment has risk characteristics as follows: · Commercial: · Real estate-construction: · Real estate-mortgage: · Consumer loans: · Other loans: Each segment of the portfolio is pooled by risk grade or by days past due. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. A historical loss percentage is then calculated by migration analysis and applied to each pool. The migration analysis applied to all pools is able to track the risk grading and historical performance of individual loans throughout a number of periods set by management, which provides management with information regarding trends (or migrations) in a particular loan segment. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 m anagement used eight twelve-quarter migration periods. Management also provides an allocated component of the allowance for loans that are specifically identified Based on credit risk assessments and management's analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions, trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment. Acquired loans are recorded at their fair value at acquisition date without carryover of the acquiree's previously established ALL, as credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value. The fair value of the loans is determined using market participant assumptions in estimating the amount and timing of both principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected on the loans and then applying a market-based discount rate to those cash flows. During evaluation upon acquisition, acquired loans are also classified as either acquired impaired or acquired performing. Acquired impaired loans reflect credit quality deterioration since origination, as it is probable at acquisition that the Company will not be able to collect all contractually required payments. These acquired impaired loans are accounted for under ASC 310-30, Receivables – Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality cquired impaired Acquired performing loans are accounted for under ASC 310-20, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY SEGMENT The total allowance reflects management's estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Company considers the allowance for loan losses of $10.2 million adequate to cover probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio at September 30, 2018. The following table presents, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans for the periods presented. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS (in thousands) For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Commercial Real Estate - Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Consumer (2) Other Total Allowance for Loan Losses: Balance at the beginning of period $ 1,889 $ 541 $ 5,217 $ 1,644 $ 157 $ 9,448 Charge-offs (81 ) - (729 ) (502 ) (267 ) (1,579 ) Recoveries 136 - 127 189 61 513 Provision for loan losses 405 (401 ) 1,336 214 295 1,849 Ending balance $ 2,349 $ 140 $ 5,951 $ 1,545 $ 246 $ 10,231 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 14 $ 19 $ 196 $ - $ - $ 229 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 2,335 121 5,755 1,545 246 10,002 Ending balance acquired impaired loans - - - - - - Ending balance $ 2,349 $ 140 $ 5,951 $ 1,545 $ 246 $ 10,231 Loan Balances: Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 308 $ 511 $ 16,372 $ - $ - $ 17,191 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 67,363 32,387 480,436 170,898 10,712 761,796 Ending balance acquired impaired loans 101 - 347 - - 448 Ending balance $ 67,772 $ 32,898 $ 497,155 $ 170,898 $ 10,712 $ 779,435 For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Commercial Real Estate - Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Consumer Other Total Allowance for Loan Losses: Balance at the beginning of period $ 1,493 $ 846 $ 5,267 $ 455 $ 184 $ 8,245 Charge-offs (807 ) - (1,934 ) (279 ) (267 ) (3,287 ) Recoveries 37 104 45 56 88 330 Provision for loan losses 1,166 (409 ) 1,839 1,412 152 4,160 Ending balance $ 1,889 $ 541 $ 5,217 $ 1,644 $ 157 $ 9,448 Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 18 $ 77 $ - $ - $ 95 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 1,889 523 5,140 1,644 157 9,353 Ending balance $ 1,889 $ 541 $ 5,217 $ 1,644 $ 157 $ 9,448 Loan Balances: Ending balance individually evaluated for impairment $ 836 $ 813 $ 16,826 $ - $ - $ 18,475 Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment 59,562 26,676 448,405 174,225 11,197 720,065 Ending balance $ 60,398 $ 27,489 $ 465,231 $ 174,225 $ 11,197 $ 738,540 (1) (2) |