Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 3. Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment as of the dates indicated: (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 118,026 $ 118,561 Commercial - owner occupied 138,414 141,743 Commercial - non-owner occupied 152,859 135,798 Multifamily 24,953 25,865 Construction 40,489 40,716 Second mortgages 13,898 13,941 Equity lines of credit 52,750 52,286 Total mortgage loans on real estate 541,389 528,910 Commercial and industrial loans 69,397 75,383 Consumer automobile loans 92,241 97,294 Other consumer loans 42,702 39,713 Other 14,490 6,565 Total loans, net of deferred fees 760,219 747,865 Less: Allowance for loan losses 9,669 9,660 Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees (1) $ 750,550 $ 738,205 (1) Net deferred loan fees totaled $511 thousand and $557 thousand at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Overdrawn deposit accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other category in the table above. Overdrawn deposit accounts, excluding internal use accounts, totaled $8.4 million and $449 thousand at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The increase at March 31, 2020 was due to one deposit account totaling $8.0 million which entered overdrawn status on March 31, 2020 and returned to a positive balance position on April 1, 2020. Acquired Loans The outstanding principal balance and the carrying amount of total acquired loans included in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows: (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Outstanding principal balance $ 15,692 $ 16,850 Carrying amount $ 15,434 $ 16,561 The outstanding principal balance and related carrying amount of purchased credit-impaired loans, for which the Company applies FASB ASC 310-30 to account for interest earned, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows: (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Outstanding principal balance $ 223 $ 227 Carrying amount $ 86 $ 85 The following table presents changes in the accretable yield on purchased credit-impaired loans, for which the Company applies FASB ASC 310-30, at March 31, 2020: (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020 March 31, 2019 Balance at January 1 $ 72 $ 12 Accretion (10 ) (1 ) Balance at end of period $ 62 $ 11 CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION The Company uses internally-assigned risk grades to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance. The Company’s internally assigned risk grades are as follows: • Pass: • Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): • Substandard: • Doubtful: • Loss: The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of the dates indicated: Credit Quality Information (dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 116,167 $ - $ 1,859 $ - $ 118,026 Commercial - owner occupied 132,161 1,534 4,719 - 138,414 Commercial - non-owner occupied 150,824 723 1,312 - 152,859 Multifamily 24,953 - - - 24,953 Construction 40,489 - - - 40,489 Second mortgages 13,794 - 104 - 13,898 Equity lines of credit 52,750 - - - 52,750 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 531,138 $ 2,257 $ 7,994 $ - $ 541,389 Commercial and industrial loans 69,088 56 253 - 69,397 Consumer automobile loans 91,859 - 382 - 92,241 Other consumer loans 42,702 - - - 42,702 Other 14,490 - - - 14,490 Total $ 749,277 $ 2,313 $ 8,629 $ - $ 760,219 Credit Quality Information (dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 116,380 $ - $ 2,181 $ - $ 118,561 Commercial - owner occupied 134,570 1,618 5,555 - 141,743 Commercial - non-owner occupied 132,851 1,622 1,325 - 135,798 Multifamily 25,865 - - - 25,865 Construction 40,716 - - - 40,716 Second mortgages 13,837 - 104 - 13,941 Equity lines of credit 52,286 - - - 52,286 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 516,505 $ 3,240 $ 9,165 $ - $ 528,910 Commercial and industrial loans 74,963 66 354 - 75,383 Consumer automobile loans 96,907 - 387 - 97,294 Other consumer loans 39,713 - - - 39,713 Other 6,565 - - - 6,565 Total $ 734,653 $ 3,306 $ 9,906 $ - $ 747,865 AGE ANALYSIS OF PAST DUE LOANS BY CLASS All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing PCI Nonaccrual Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 1,056 $ - $ - $ - $ 1,165 $ 115,805 $ 118,026 Commercial - owner occupied 293 - - 86 2,638 135,397 138,414 Commercial - non-owner occupied 410 - - - 1,311 151,138 152,859 Multifamily - - - - - 24,953 24,953 Construction 99 - - - - 40,390 40,489 Second mortgages 394 73 13 - 104 13,314 13,898 Equity lines of credit 56 100 40 - - 52,554 52,750 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 2,308 $ 173 $ 53 $ 86 $ 5,218 $ 533,551 $ 541,389 Commercial and industrial loans 928 408 9 - 253 67,799 69,397 Consumer automobile loans 1,172 233 265 - - 90,571 92,241 Other consumer loans 1,377 342 923 - - 40,060 42,702 Other 149 3 5 - - 14,333 14,490 Total $ 5,934 $ 1,159 $ 1,255 $ 86 $ 5,471 $ 746,314 $ 760,219 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. In the table above, the past due totals include student and small business loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 100% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $1.8 million at March 31, 2020. The increase in 30-59 days past due loans was primarily related to credits that were 30 days past due as of period end of which the majority subsequently become current. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing PCI Nonaccrual Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 891 $ - $ - $ - $ 1,459 $ 116,211 $ 118,561 Commercial - owner occupied - 319 - 85 2,795 138,544 141,743 Commercial - non-owner occupied - - - - 1,422 134,376 135,798 Multifamily - - - - - 25,865 25,865 Construction 100 - - - - 40,616 40,716 Second mortgages 49 - - - 104 13,788 13,941 Equity lines of credit 25 - - - - 52,261 52,286 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 1,065 $ 319 $ - $ 85 $ 5,780 $ 521,661 $ 528,910 Commercial and industrial loans 211 - - - 257 74,915 75,383 Consumer automobile loans 1,115 299 203 - - 95,677 97,294 Other consumer loans 1,032 891 888 - - 36,902 39,713 Other 81 9 - - - 6,475 6,565 Total $ 3,504 $ 1,518 $ 1,091 $ 85 $ 6,037 $ 735,630 $ 747,865 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. In the table above, the other consumer loans category includes student and small business loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 100% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $1.8 million at December 31, 2019. Although the portions of the student and small business loan portfolios that are 90 days or more past due would normally be considered impaired, the Company does not include these loans in its impairment analysis. Because the federal government has provided guarantees of repayment of these student loans in an amount ranging from 97% to 98% NONACCRUAL LOANS The Company generally places commercial and industrial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) in nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred or the loan reaches 90 days past due, unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. Under regulatory rules, consumer loans, which are loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures, and consumer loans secured by real estate (including residential 1 - 4 family mortgages, second mortgages, and equity lines of credit) are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status. Although consumer loans and consumer loans secured by real estate are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status, the Company may elect to place these loans in nonaccrual status, if necessary to avoid a material overstatement of interest income. Generally, consumer loans secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when payments are 120 days past due. Generally, consumer loans not secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when part of the principal has been charged off. If a charge-off has not occurred sooner for other reasons, a consumer loan not secured by real estate will generally be placed in nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. These loans are charged off or written down to the net realizable value of the collateral when deemed uncollectible, when classified as a “loss,” when repayment is unreasonably protracted, when bankruptcy has been initiated, or when the loan is 120 days or more past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. When management places a loan in nonaccrual status, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and the loan is accounted for by the cost recovery method, until it qualifies for return to accrual status or is charged off. Generally, loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months. The following table presents loans in nonaccrual status by class of loan as of the dates indicated: (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 1,165 $ 1,459 Commercial - owner occupied 2,638 2,795 Commercial - non-owner occupied 1,311 1,422 Second mortgages 104 104 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 5,218 $ 5,780 Commercial and industrial loans 253 257 Total $ 5,471 $ 6,037 No purchased credit-impaired loans were on nonaccrual status at March 31, 2020. The following table presents the interest income that the Company would have earned under the original terms of its nonaccrual loans and the actual interest recorded by the Company on nonaccrual loans for the periods presented: Three Months Ended March 31, (dollars in thousand) 2020 2019 Interest income that would have been recorded under original loan terms $ 78 $ 64 Actual interest income recorded for the period - - Reduction in interest income on nonaccrual loans $ 78 $ 64 TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS The Company’s loan portfolio includes certain loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR), where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company defines a TDR as nonperforming if the TDR is in nonaccrual status or is 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at the report date. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates any possible impairment as stated in the impaired loan section below. There were no new TDRs in the three months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019. At March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no outstanding commitments to disburse additional funds on any TDR. The Company had no loans secured by residential 1 - 4 family real estate in the process of foreclosure at March 31, 2020. At December 31, 2019, the Company had $272 thousand in loans secured by 1-4 family residential real estate in process of foreclosure. In the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no defaulting TDRs where the default occurred within twelve months of restructuring. The Company considers a TDR in default when any of the following occurs: the loan, as restructured, becomes 90 days or more past due; the loan is moved to nonaccrual status following the restructure; the loan is restructured again under terms that would qualify it as a TDR if it were not already so classified; or any portion of the loan is charged off. All TDRs are factored into the determination of the allowance for loan losses and included in the impaired loan analysis, as discussed below. Under Section 4013 of the CARES Act, banks may elect not to categorize loan modifications as TDRs if the modifications are related to the COVID-19 pandemic, executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, and executed between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of December 31, 2020 or 60 days after the date of termination of the National Emergency by the President. All short term loan modifications made on a good faith basis in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not considered TDRs. The Company has examined the payment accommodations granted to borrowers in response to COVID-19 and found that all borrowers were current prior to relief and were not experiencing financial difficulty prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. IMPAIRED LOANS A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts when due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming loans and loans modified in a TDR. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole or remaining source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, when foreclosure is probable, instead of the discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through a specific allocation in the allowance or a charge-off to the allowance. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost-recovery method. For financial statement purposes, the recorded investment in the loan is the actual principal balance reduced by partial charge-offs and payments that would otherwise have been applied to interest. When reporting information on these loans to the applicable customers, the unpaid principal balance is reported as if these partial charge-offs did not occur and as if payments were applied to principal and interest under the original terms of the loan agreements. Therefore, the unpaid principal balance reported to the customer would be higher than the recorded investment in the loan for financial statement purposes. The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans, exclusive of purchased credit-impaired loans, with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of the dates presented. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the periods presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances. Impaired Loans by Class For the three months ended As of March 31, 2020 March 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 1,482 $ 1,223 $ 88 $ 39 $ 1,325 $ - Commercial 6,984 4,283 1,679 301 6,038 - Construction 88 - 86 12 87 1 Second mortgages 245 - 243 104 244 2 Total mortgage loans on real estate 8,799 5,506 2,096 456 7,694 3 Commercial and industrial loans 306 263 - - 267 - Other consumer loans 20 19 - - 20 - Total $ 9,125 $ 5,788 $ 2,096 $ 456 $ 7,981 $ 3 Impaired Loans by Class For the Year Ended As of December 31, 2019 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 1,542 $ 1,519 $ 89 $ 39 $ 1,416 $ 11 Commercial 9,333 4,538 1,611 317 6,822 123 Construction 89 - 88 14 88 4 Second mortgages 247 - 245 111 246 6 Total mortgage loans on real estate 11,211 6,057 2,033 481 8,572 144 Commercial and industrial loans 362 354 - - 273 4 Other consumer loans 22 - - - 21 1 Total $ 11,595 $ 6,411 $ 2,033 $ 481 $ 8,866 $ 149 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company segments the loan portfolio into categories as defined by Schedule RC-C of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income Form 041 (Call Report). Loans are segmented into the following pools: commercial, real estate-construction, real estate-mortgage, consumer and other loans. The Company also sub-segments the real estate-mortgage segment into six classes: residential 1-4 family, commercial real estate - owner occupied, commercial real estate - non-owner occupied, multifamily, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. The Company uses an internally developed risk evaluation model in the estimation of the credit risk process. The model and assumptions used to determine the allowance are independently validated and reviewed to ensure that the theoretical foundation, assumptions, data integrity, computational processes and reporting practices are appropriate and properly documented. Each portfolio segment has risk characteristics as follows: • Commercial and industrial: • Real estate-construction: • Real estate-mortgage: • Consumer loans: • Other loans: Each segment of the portfolio is pooled by risk grade or by days past due. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. A historical loss percentage is then calculated by migration analysis and applied to each pool. The migration analysis applied to all pools is able to track the risk grading and historical performance of individual loans throughout a number of periods set by management, which provides management with information regarding trends (or migrations) in a particular loan segment. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 m anagement used eight twelve-quarter migration periods. Management also provides an allocated component of the allowance for loans that are specifically identified Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions, trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment. Given the timing of the outbreak in the United States of the COVID-19 pandemic, management does not believe that the Company’s first quarter performance was significantly impacted. The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge to the global economy in general and the financial services sector in particular. However, there is still significant uncertainty regarding the overall length of the pandemic and the aggregate impact that it will have on global and regional economies, including uncertainties regarding the potential positive effects of governmental actions taken in response to the pandemic during the latter portion of the first quarter of 2020 and into April. With so much uncertainty, it is impossible for the Company to accurately predict the impact that the pandemic will have on the Company’s primary market and the overall extent to which it will affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations during the remainder of the current fiscal year. At a minimum, the actions taken by the Company to assist its customers experiencing challenges from the pandemic will likely have a material impact on the Company’s second quarter performance. The Company’s credit administration is closely monitoring and analyzing the higher risk segments within the loan portfolio, tracking loan payment deferrals, customer liquidity and providing timely reports to senior management and the board of directors. Based on capital levels, stress testing indications, prudent underwriting policies, watch credit processes, and loan concentration diversification, the Company currently expects to be able to manage the economic risks and uncertainties associated with the pandemic which may include additional increases in the provision for loan losses. Acquired loans are recorded at their fair value at acquisition date without carryover of the acquiree’s previously established ALL, as credit discounts are included in the determination of fair value. The fair value of the loans is determined using market participant assumptions in estimating the amount and timing of both principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected on the loans and then applying a market-based discount rate to those cash flows. During evaluation upon acquisition, acquired loans are also classified as either purchased credit-impaired or purchased performing. Purchased credit-impaired loans reflect credit quality deterioration since origination, as it is probable at acquisition that the Company will not be able to collect all contractually required payments. These purchased credit-impaired loans are accounted for under ASC 310-30, Receivables – Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality Purchased performing loans are accounted for under ASC 310-20, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY SEGMENT The total allowance reflects management’s estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Company considers the allowance for loan losses of $9.7 million adequate to cover probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio at March 31, 2020. The following tables present, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans for the periods presented. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS For the three months ended March 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 1,244 $ 258 $ 6,168 $ 1,694 $ 296 $ - $ 9,660 Charge-offs - - (46 ) (270 ) (124 ) - (440 ) Recoveries 2 - 9 125 13 - 149 Provision for loan losses (244 ) 27 109 124 236 48 300 Ending Balance $ 1,002 $ 285 $ 6,240 $ 1,673 $ 421 $ 48 $ 9,669 Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 12 $ 444 $ - $ - $ - $ 456 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,002 273 5,796 1,673 421 48 9,213 Purchased credit-impaired loans - - - - - - Ending Balance $ 1,002 $ 285 $ 6,240 $ 1,673 $ 421 $ 48 $ 9,669 Loans Balances: 0.50 % Individually evaluated for impairment 263 86 7,516 19 - - 7,884 Collectively evaluated for impairment 69,048 40,403 493,384 134,924 14,490 - 752,249 Purchased credit-impaired loans 86 - - - - 86 Ending Balance $ 69,397 $ 40,489 $ 500,900 $ 134,943 $ 14,490 $ - $ 760,219 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, commercial real estate, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. For the Year ended December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 2,340 $ 156 $ 5,956 $ 1,354 $ 305 $ - $ 10,111 Charge-offs - - (197 ) (776 ) (425 ) - (1,398 ) Recoveries 10 - 200 351 68 - 629 Provision for loan losses (1,106 ) 102 209 765 348 - 318 Ending Balance $ 1,244 $ 258 $ 6,168 $ 1,694 $ 296 $ - $ 9,660 Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 14 $ 467 $ - $ - $ - $ 481 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,244 244 5,701 1,694 296 - 9,179 Purchased credit-impaired loans - - - - - - Ending Balance $ 1,244 $ 258 $ 6,168 $ 1,694 $ 296 $ - $ 9,660 Loans Balances: Individually evaluated for impairment 354 88 8,002 - - - 8,444 Collectively evaluated for impairment 74,944 40,628 480,192 137,007 6,565 - 739,336 Purchased credit-impaired loans 85 - - - - 85 Ending Balance $ 75,383 $ 40,716 $ 488,194 $ 137,007 $ 6,565 $ - $ 747,865 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, commercial real estate, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. |