Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 3. Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment as of the dates indicated: (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 127,674 $ 130,776 Commercial - owner occupied 198,334 198,413 Commercial - non-owner occupied 196,653 184,190 Multifamily 26,727 19,050 Construction 64,502 58,440 Second mortgages 7,346 7,877 Equity lines of credit 51,077 48,665 Total mortgage loans on real estate 672,313 647,411 Commercial and industrial loans 58,886 68,690 Consumer automobile loans 85,551 85,023 Other consumer loans 32,150 33,418 Other (1) 6,334 8,984 Total loans, net of deferred fees 855,234 843,526 Less: Allowance for loan losses 9,520 9,865 Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees (2) $ 845,714 $ 833,661 (1) Overdrawn accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other category in the table above. Overdrawn deposit accounts, excluding internal use accounts, totaled $119 thousand and $304 thousand at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. (2) Net deferred loan fees totaled $790 thousand and $1.3 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION The Company uses internally-assigned risk grades to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance. The Company’s internally assigned risk grades are as follows: • Pass: Loans are of acceptable risk. • Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): Loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. • Substandard: Loans reflect significant deficiencies due to several adverse trends of a financial, economic or managerial nature. • Doubtful: Loans have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan with added characteristics that make collection or liquidation in full based on currently existing facts, conditions and values highly questionable or improbable. • Loss: Loans have been identified for charge-off because they are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of the dates indicated: Credit Quality Information As of March 31 2022 (dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 127,510 $ - $ 164 $ - $ 127,674 Commercial - owner occupied 194,624 1,599 2,111 - 198,334 Commercial - non-owner occupied 195,729 266 658 - 196,653 Multifamily 26,727 - - - 26,727 Construction 62,968 536 998 - 64,502 Second mortgages 7,346 - - - 7,346 Equity lines of credit 51,077 - - - 51,077 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 665,981 $ 2,401 $ 3,931 $ - $ 672,313 Commercial and industrial loans 58,631 - 255 - 58,886 Consumer automobile loans 85,531 - 20 - 85,551 Other consumer loans 32,150 - - - 32,150 Other 6,334 - - - 6,334 Total $ 848,627 $ 2,401 $ 4,206 $ - $ 855,234 Credit Quality Information As of December 31 2021 (dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 130,584 $ - $ 192 $ - $ 130,776 Commercial - owner occupied 195,512 788 2,113 - 198,413 Commercial - non-owner occupied 183,093 434 663 - 184,190 Multifamily 19,050 - - - 19,050 Construction 57,224 218 998 - 58,440 Second mortgages 7,877 - - - 7,877 Equity lines of credit 48,665 - - - 48,665 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 642,005 $ 1,440 $ 3,966 $ - $ 647,411 Commercial and industrial loans 68,261 - 429 - 68,690 Consumer automobile loans 85,002 - 21 - 85,023 Other consumer loans 33,418 - - - 33,418 Other 8,984 - - - 8,984 Total $ 837,670 $ 1,440 $ 4,416 $ - $ 843,526 As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any loans internally classified as Doubtful or Loss. AGE ANALYSIS OF PAST DUE LOANS BY CLASS All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of March 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 809 $ - $ - $ 164 $ 126,701 $ 127,674 Commercial - owner occupied - - - 2,111 196,223 198,334 Commercial - non-owner occupied - - - 659 195,994 196,653 Multifamily - - - - 26,727 26,727 Construction - - - 998 63,504 64,502 Second mortgages 23 - - - 7,323 7,346 Equity lines of credit 51 - - - 51,026 51,077 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 883 $ - $ - $ 3,932 $ 667,498 $ 672,313 Commercial and industrial loans - 4 - 255 58,627 58,886 Consumer automobile loans 1,408 68 199 - 83,876 85,551 Other consumer loans 891 28 415 - 30,816 32,150 Other 36 3 10 - 6,285 6,334 Total $ 3,218 $ 103 $ 624 $ 4,187 $ 847,102 $ 855,234 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccural column and not also in its respective past due column. In the table above, the past due totals include student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 98% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $409 thousand at March 31, 2022. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31 2021 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 120 $ - $ - $ 191 $ 130,465 $ 130,776 Commercial - owner occupied - - - - 198,413 198,413 Commercial - non-owner occupied - - - 113 184,077 184,190 Multifamily - - - - 19,050 19,050 Construction - - - - 58,440 58,440 Second mortgages 24 - - - 7,853 7,877 Equity lines of credit 51 - - - 48,614 48,665 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 195 $ - $ - $ 304 $ 646,912 $ 647,411 Commercial and industrial loans 37 - 169 174 68,310 68,690 Consumer automobile loans 814 118 296 - 83,795 85,023 Other consumer loans 1,284 439 550 - 31,145 33,418 Other 31 3 10 - 8,940 8,984 Total $ 2,361 $ 560 $ 1,025 $ 478 $ 839,102 $ 843,526 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccural column and not also in its respective past due column. In the table above, the past due totals include small business and student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 100% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $1.4 million at December 31, 2021. Although the portions of the student loan portfolios that are 90 days or more past due would normally be considered impaired, the Company does not include these loans in its impairment analysis. Because the federal government has provided guarantees of repayment of these student loans in an amount ranging from 97% to 98% of the total principal and interest of the loans as of March 31, 2022, management does not expect significant increases in delinquencies of these loans to have a material effect on the Company. NONACCRUAL LOANS The Company generally places commercial and industrial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) in nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred or the loan reaches 90 days past due, unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. Under regulatory rules, consumer loans, which are loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures, and consumer loans secured by real estate (including residential 1 - 4 family mortgages, second mortgages, and equity lines of credit) are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status. Although consumer loans and consumer loans secured by real estate are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status, the Company may elect to place these loans in nonaccrual status, if necessary to avoid a material overstatement of interest income. Generally, consumer loans secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when payments are 120 days past due. Generally, consumer loans not secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when part of the principal has been charged off. If a charge-off has not occurred sooner for other reasons, a consumer loan not secured by real estate will generally be placed in nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. These loans are charged off or written down to the net realizable value of the collateral when deemed uncollectible, when classified as a “loss,” when repayment is unreasonably protracted, when bankruptcy has been initiated, or when the loan is 120 days or more past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. When management places a loan in nonaccrual status, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and the loan is accounted for by the cost recovery method, until it qualifies for return to accrual status or is charged off. Generally, loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months. The following table presents loans in nonaccrual status by class of loan as of the dates indicated: Nonaccrual Loans by Class (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 164 $ 191 Commercial - owner occupied 2,111 - Commercial - non-owner occupied 659 113 Construction and land development 998 - Total mortgage loans on real estate 3,932 304 Commercial and industrial loans 255 174 Total $ 4,187 $ 478 The following table presents the interest income that the Company would have earned under the original terms of its nonaccrual loans and the actual interest recorded by the Company on nonaccrual loans for the periods presented: Three Months Ended March 31, (dollars in thousand) 2022 2021 Interest income that would have been recorded under original loan terms $ 75 $ 11 Actual interest income recorded for the period 4 2 Reduction in interest income on nonaccrual loans $ 71 $ 9 TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS The Company’s loan portfolio may include certain loans classified as TDRs, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company defines a TDR as nonperforming if the TDR is in nonaccrual status or is 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at the report date. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates any possible impairment as discussed further below under Impaired Loans. There were no new TDRs in the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. At March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no outstanding commitments to disburse additional funds on any TDR. The Company had no loans secured by residential 1 - 4 family real estate in the process of foreclosure at March 31, 2022 and 2021. In the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no defaulting TDRs where the default occurred within twelve months of restructuring. The Company considers a TDR in default when any of the following occurs: the loan, as restructured, becomes 90 days or more past due; the loan is moved to nonaccrual status following the restructure; the loan is restructured again under terms that would qualify it as a TDR if it were not already so classified; or any portion of the loan is charged off. All TDRs are factored into the determination of the allowance for loan losses and included in the impaired loan analysis, as discussed below. IMPAIRED LOANS A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming loans and loans modified in a TDR. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole or remaining source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, when foreclosure is probable, instead of the discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through a specific allocation in the allowance or a charge-off to the allowance. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cash basis method. For financial statement purposes, the recorded investment in the loan is the actual principal balance reduced by partial charge-offs and payments that would otherwise have been applied to interest. When reporting information on these loans to the applicable customers, the unpaid principal balance is reported as if these partial charge-offs did not occur and as if payments were applied to principal and interest under the original terms of the loan agreements. Therefore, the unpaid principal balance reported to the customer would be higher than the recorded investment in the loan for financial statement purposes. The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of the dates presented. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the periods presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances. Impaired Loans by Class For the Three Months Ended As of March 31, 2022 March 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 301 $ - $ 296 $ 28 $ 298 $ 2 Commercial 4,752 4,290 399 1 4,716 - Construction 1,078 998 78 1 1,077 - Second mortgages 125 - 123 3 124 1 Total mortgage loans on real estate 6,256 5,288 896 33 6,215 3 Commercial and industrial loans 403 404 - - 404 3 Other consumer loans 7 5 - - 6 - Total $ 6,666 $ 5,697 $ 896 $ 33 $ 6,625 $ 6 Impaired Loans by Class For the Year Ended As of December 31, 2021 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 353 $ 25 $ 300 $ 30 $ 328 $ 7 Commercial 610 178 413 8 601 1 Construction 80 79 - - 80 4 Second mortgages 127 - 125 3 126 5 Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,170 282 838 41 1,135 17 Commercial and industrial loans 188 - 174 87 181 17 Other consumer loans 9 7 - - 8 - Total $ 1,367 $ 289 $ 1,012 $ 128 $ 1,324 $ 34 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company segments the loan portfolio into categories as defined by Schedule RC-C of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income Form 041 (Call Report). Loans are segmented into the following pools: commercial, real estate-construction, real estate-mortgage, consumer and other loans. The Company also sub-segments the real estate-mortgage segment into six classes: residential 1-4 family, commercial real estate - owner occupied, commercial real estate - non-owner occupied, multifamily, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. The Company uses an internally developed risk evaluation model in the estimation of the credit risk process. The model and assumptions used to determine the allowance are independently validated and reviewed to ensure that the theoretical foundation, assumptions, data integrity, computational processes and reporting practices are appropriate and properly documented. Each portfolio segment has risk characteristics as follows: • Commercial and industrial: Commercial and industrial loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business or project, in addition to other risks associated with the ownership of a business. The repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flows of the business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision. • Real estate-construction: Construction loans carry risks that the project will not be finished according to schedule, the project will not be finished according to budget and the value of the collateral may at any point in time be less than the principal amount of the loan. Construction loans also bear the risk that the general contractor, who may or may not be the loan customer, may be unable to finish the construction project as planned because of financial pressure unrelated to the project. • Real estate-mortgage: Residential mortgage loans and equity lines of credit carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in the value of the collateral. Commercial real estate loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business if owner occupied. If non-owner occupied, the repayment of these loans may be dependent upon the profitability and cash flow from rent receipts. • Consumer loans: Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continued credit-worthiness of the borrowers and the value of the collateral. Consumer loans are more likely than real estate loans to be immediately adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. • Other loans: Other loans are loans to mortgage companies, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and loans to insurance, investment and finance companies. These loans carry risks associated with the successful operation of a business. In addition, there is risk associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time, depend on interest rates or fluctuate in active trading markets. Each segment of the portfolio is pooled by risk grade or by days past due. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. A historical loss percentage is then calculated by migration analysis and applied to each pool. The migration analysis applied to all pools is able to track the risk grading and historical performance of individual loans throughout a number of periods set by management, which provides management with information regarding trends (or migrations) in a particular loan segment. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 management used eight twelve-quarter migration periods. Management also provides an allocated component of the allowance for loans that are specifically identified as impaired, and are individually analyzed for impairment. An allocated allowance is established when the present value of expected future cash flows from the impaired loan (or the collateral value or observable market price of the impaired loan) is lower than the carrying value of that loan. Loans collectively evaluated for impairment are pooled with a historical loss rate, based on migration analysis, applied to each pool, segmented by risk grade or past due, depending on the type of loan. Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions (including uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic), trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment. Given the timing of the outbreak in the United States of the COVID-19 pandemic combined with government stimulus actions for both individuals and small businesses, management does not believe that the Company’s performance in relation to credit quality during the first quarter of 2022 and 2021 was significantly impacted. The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge to the global economy in general and the financial services sector in particular. It is impossible for the Company to accurately predict the impact that the pandemic will have on the Company’s primary market and the overall extent to which it will affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Based on capital levels, stress testing indications, prudent underwriting policies, watch credit processes, and loan concentration diversification, the Company currently expects to be able to manage the economic risks and uncertainties associated with the pandemic which may include additional increases in the provision for loan losses. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY SEGMENT The total allowance reflects management’s estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Company considers the allowance for loan losses of $9.5 million adequate to cover estimable and probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio at March 31, 2022. The following tables present, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans for the periods presented. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS For the Three Months ended March 31 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate - Commercial Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Charge-offs (296 ) - - - (307 ) (97 ) - (700 ) Recoveries 77 - 30 - 116 31 - 254 Provision for loan losses 72 45 14 (187 ) 170 (13 ) - 101 Ending Balance $ 536 $ 504 $ 2,434 $ 4,600 $ 1,341 $ 105 $ - $ 9,520 Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 1 $ 31 $ 1 $ - $ - $ - $ 33 Collectively evaluated for impairment 536 503 2,403 4,599 1,341 105 - 9,487 Ending Balance $ 536 $ 504 $ 2,434 $ 4,600 $ 1,341 $ 105 $ - $ 9,520 Loans Balances: Individually evaluated for impairment 404 1,076 419 4,689 5 - - 6,593 Collectively evaluated for impairment 58,482 63,426 212,405 390,298 117,696 6,334 - 848,641 Ending Balance $ 58,886 $ 64,502 $ 212,824 $ 394,987 $ 117,701 $ 6,334 $ - $ 855,234 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. For the Year ended December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate - Commercial Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 650 $ 339 $ 2,560 $ 4,434 $ 1,302 $ 123 $ 133 $ 9,541 Charge-offs (27 ) - (14 ) - (800 ) (278 ) - (1,119 ) Recoveries 41 - 76 44 390 98 - 649 Provision for loan losses 19 120 (232 ) 309 470 241 (133 ) 794 Ending Balance $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 87 $ - $ 33 $ 8 $ - $ - $ - $ 128 Collectively evaluated for impairment 596 459 2,357 4,779 1,362 184 - 9,737 Ending Balance $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Loans Balances: Individually evaluated for impairment 174 79 450 591 7 - - 1,301 Collectively evaluated for impairment 68,516 58,361 205,918 382,012 118,434 8,984 - 842,225 Ending Balance $ 68,690 $ 58,440 $ 206,368 $ 382,603 $ 118,441 $ 8,984 $ - $ 843,526 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. |