Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 3. Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment as of the dates indicated: (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 169,247 $ 130,776 Commercial - owner occupied 207,131 198,413 Commercial - non-owner occupied 202,702 184,190 Multifamily 25,192 19,050 Construction 68,005 58,440 Second mortgages 8,718 7,877 Equity lines of credit 53,228 48,665 Total mortgage loans on real estate 734,223 647,411 Commercial and industrial loans 66,724 68,690 Consumer automobile loans 127,961 85,023 Other consumer loans 23,216 33,418 Other (1) 2,941 8,984 Total loans, net of deferred fees 955,065 843,526 Less: Allowance for loan losses 9,933 9,865 Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees (2) $ 945,132 $ 833,661 (1) Overdrawn accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other category in the table above. Overdrawn deposit accounts, excluding internal use accounts, totaled $323 thousand and $304 thousand at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. (2) Net deferred loan fees totaled $936 thousand and $1.3 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION The Company uses internally-assigned risk grades to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance. The Company’s internally assigned risk grades are as follows: • Pass: • Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): • Substandard: • Doubtful: • Loss: The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of the dates indica Credit Quality Information As of September 30 2022 (dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 169,090 $ - $ 157 $ - $ 169,247 Commercial - owner occupied 204,730 290 2,111 - 207,131 Commercial - non-owner occupied 202,153 - 549 - 202,702 Multifamily 25,192 - - - 25,192 Construction 66,847 - 1,158 - 68,005 Second mortgages 8,718 - - - 8,718 Equity lines of credit 53,228 - - - 53,228 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 729,958 $ 290 $ 3,975 $ - $ 734,223 Commercial and industrial loans 66,324 - 400 - 66,724 Consumer automobile loans 127,944 - 17 - 127,961 Other consumer loans 23,216 - - - 23,216 Other 2,941 - - - 2,941 Total $ 950,383 $ 290 $ 4,392 $ - $ 955,065 Credit Quality Information As of December 31 2021 (dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 130,584 $ - $ 192 $ - $ 130,776 Commercial - owner occupied 195,512 788 2,113 - 198,413 Commercial - non-owner occupied 183,093 434 663 - 184,190 Multifamily 19,050 - - - 19,050 Construction 57,224 218 998 - 58,440 Second mortgages 7,877 - - - 7,877 Equity lines of credit 48,665 - - - 48,665 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 642,005 $ 1,440 $ 3,966 $ - $ 647,411 Commercial and industrial loans 68,261 - 429 - 68,690 Consumer automobile loans 85,002 - 21 - 85,023 Other consumer loans 33,418 - - - 33,418 Other 8,984 - - - 8,984 Total $ 837,670 $ 1,440 $ 4,416 $ - $ 843,526 As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any loans internally classified as Doubtful or Loss AGE ANALYSIS OF PAST DUE LOANS BY CLASS All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 109 $ 425 $ - $ 157 $ 168,556 $ 169,247 Commercial - owner occupied - 536 - 2,111 204,484 207,131 Commercial - non-owner occupied - - - 549 202,153 202,702 Multifamily - - - - 25,192 25,192 Construction - 87 - 1,158 66,760 68,005 Second mortgages - - - - 8,718 8,718 Equity lines of credit 60 - - - 53,168 53,228 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 169 $ 1,048 $ - $ 3,975 $ 729,031 $ 734,223 Commercial and industrial loans 7 - 35 400 66,282 66,724 Consumer automobile loans 1,174 152 250 - 126,385 127,961 Other consumer loans 309 173 45 - 22,689 23,216 Other 18 15 - - 2,908 2,941 Total $ 1,677 $ 1,388 $ 330 $ 4,375 $ 947,295 $ 955,065 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccural column and not also in its respective past due column. There were no past due loans guaranteed by the federal government as of September 30, 2022. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 120 $ - $ - $ 191 $ 130,465 $ 130,776 Commercial - owner occupied - - - - 198,413 198,413 Commercial - non-owner occupied - - - 113 184,077 184,190 Multifamily - - - - 19,050 19,050 Construction - - - - 58,440 58,440 Second mortgages 24 - - - 7,853 7,877 Equity lines of credit 51 - - - 48,614 48,665 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 195 $ - $ - $ 304 $ 646,912 $ 647,411 Commercial and industrial loans 37 - 169 174 68,310 68,690 Consumer automobile loans 814 118 296 - 83,795 85,023 Other consumer loans 1,284 439 550 - 31,145 33,418 Other 31 3 10 - 8,940 8,984 Total $ 2,361 $ 560 $ 1,025 $ 478 $ 839,102 $ 843,526 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccural column and not also in its respective past due column. In the table above, the past due totals include small business and student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 100% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $1.4 million at December 31, 2021. NONACCRUAL LOANS The Company generally places commercial and industrial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) in nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred or the loan reaches 90 days past due, unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. Under regulatory rules, consumer loans, which are loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures, and consumer loans secured by real estate (including residential 1 - 4 family mortgages, second mortgages, and equity lines of credit) are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status. Although consumer loans and consumer loans secured by real estate are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status, the Company may elect to place these loans in nonaccrual status, if necessary to avoid a material overstatement of interest income. Generally, consumer loans secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when payments are 120 days past due. Generally, consumer loans not secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when part of the principal has been charged off. If a charge-off has not occurred sooner for other reasons, a consumer loan not secured by real estate will generally be placed in nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. These loans are charged off or written down to the net realizable value of the collateral when deemed uncollectible, when classified as a “loss,” when repayment is unreasonably protracted, when bankruptcy has been initiated, or when the loan is 120 days or more past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. When management places a loan in nonaccrual status, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and the loan is accounted for by the cost recovery method, until it qualifies for return to accrual status or is charged off. Generally, loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months. The following table presents loans in nonaccrual status by class of loan as of the dates indicated: Nonaccrual Loans by Class (dollars in thousands) September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 157 $ 191 Commercial - owner occupied 2,111 - Commercial - non-owner occupied 549 113 Construction and land development 1,158 - Total mortgage loans on real estate 3,975 304 Commercial and industrial loans 400 174 Total $ 4,375 $ 478 The following table presents the interest income that the Company would have earned under the original terms of its nonaccrual loans and the actual interest recorded by the Company on nonaccrual loans for the periods presented: Nine Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 Interest income that would have been recorded under original loan terms $ 92 $ 8 Actual interest income recorded for the period 11 2 Reduction in interest income on nonaccrual loans $ 81 $ 6 TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS The Company’s loan portfolio may include certain loans classified as TDRs, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company defines a TDR as nonperforming if the TDR is in nonaccrual status or is 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at the report date. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates any possible impairment as discussed further below under Impaired Loans. There were no new TDRs in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. At September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no outstanding commitments to disburse additional funds on any TDR. The Company had no loans secured by residential 1 - 4 family real estate in the process of foreclosure at September 30, 2022 and 2021. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, there were no defaulting TDRs where the default occurred within twelve months of restructuring. The Company considers a TDR in default when any of the following occurs: the loan, as restructured, becomes 90 days or more past due; the loan is moved to nonaccrual status following the restructure; the loan is restructured again under terms that would qualify it as a TDR if it were not already so classified; or any portion of the loan is charged off. All TDRs are factored into the determination of the allowance for loan losses and included in the impaired loan analysis, as discussed below. IMPAIRED LOANS A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming loans and loans modified in a TDR. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole or remaining source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, when foreclosure is probable, instead of the discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through a specific allocation in the allowance or a charge-off to the allowance. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cash basis method. For financial statement purposes, the recorded investment in the loan is the actual principal balance reduced by partial charge-offs and payments that would otherwise have been applied to interest. When reporting information on these loans to the applicable customers, the unpaid principal balance is reported as if these partial charge-offs did not occur and as if payments were applied to principal and interest under the original terms of the loan agreements. Therefore, the unpaid principal balance reported to the customer would be higher than the recorded investment in the loan for financial statement purposes. The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of the dates presented. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the periods presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances. Impaired Loans by Class For the Nine Months Ended As of September 30, 2022 September 30, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 290 $ 45 $ 239 $ 35 $ 288 $ 5 Commercial 4,469 3,687 617 7 4,344 - Construction 1,236 998 236 55 1,235 3 Second mortgages - - - - - - Total mortgage loans on real estate 5,995 4,730 1,092 97 5,867 8 Commercial and industrial loans 399 400 - - 399 5 Other consumer loans 3 2 - - 2 - Total $ 6,397 $ 5,132 $ 1,092 $ 97 $ 6,268 $ 13 Impaired Loans by Class For the Year Ended As of December 31, 2021 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 353 $ 25 $ 300 $ 30 $ 328 $ 7 Commercial 610 178 413 8 601 1 Construction 80 79 - - 80 4 Second mortgages 127 - 125 3 126 5 Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,170 282 838 41 1,135 17 Commercial and industrial loans 188 - 174 87 181 17 Other consumer loans 9 7 - - 8 - Total $ 1,367 $ 289 $ 1,012 $ 128 $ 1,324 $ 34 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company segments the loan portfolio into categories as defined by Schedule RC-C of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income Form 041 (Call Report). Loans are segmented into the following pools: commercial, real estate-construction, real estate-mortgage, consumer and other loans. The Company also sub-segments the real estate-mortgage segment into six classes: residential 1-4 family, commercial real estate - owner occupied, commercial real estate - non-owner occupied, multifamily, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. The Company uses an internally developed risk evaluation model in the estimation of the credit risk process. The model and assumptions used to determine the allowance are independently validated and reviewed to ensure that the theoretical foundation, assumptions, data integrity, computational processes and reporting practices are appropriate and properly documented. Each portfolio segment has risk characteristics as follows: • Commercial and industrial: • Real estate-construction: • Real estate-mortgage: • Consumer loans: • Other loans: Each segment of the portfolio is pooled by risk grade or by days past due. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. A historical loss percentage is then calculated by migration analysis and applied to each pool. The migration analysis applied to all pools is able to track the risk grading and historical performance of individual loans throughout a number of periods set by management, which provides management with information regarding trends (or migrations) in a particular loan segment. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 management used eight twelve-quarter migration periods. Management also provides an allocated component of the allowance for loans that are specifically identified as impaired, and are individually analyzed for impairment. An allocated allowance is established when the present value of expected future cash flows from the impaired loan (or the collateral value or observable market price of the impaired loan) is lower than the carrying value of that loan. Loans collectively evaluated for impairment are pooled with a historical loss rate, based on migration analysis, applied to each pool, segmented by risk grade or past due, depending on the type of loan. Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors, additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions (including uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic), trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment. Based on capital levels, stress testing indications, prudent underwriting policies, watch credit processes, and loan concentration diversification, the Company currently expects to be able to manage the economic risks and uncertainties associated with the pandemic, increases in market interest rates, and potential effects on credit quality, which may result in additional increases in the provision for loan losses. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY SEGMENT The total allowance reflects management’s estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Company considers the allowance for loan losses of $9.9 million adequate to cover estimable and probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio at September 30, 2022. The following tables present, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans for the periods presented. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate - Commercial Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Charge-offs (297 ) - (25 ) - (1,095 ) (281 ) - (1,698 ) Recoveries 131 - 52 22 389 99 - 693 Provision for loan losses 107 70 190 (464 ) 982 188 - 1,073 Ending Balance $ 624 $ 529 $ 2,607 $ 4,345 $ 1,638 $ 190 $ - $ 9,933 Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 55 $ 35 $ 7 $ - $ - $ - $ 97 Collectively evaluated for impairment 624 474 2,572 4,338 1,638 190 - 9,836 Ending Balance $ 624 $ 529 $ 2,607 $ 4,345 $ 1,638 $ 190 $ - $ 9,933 Loans Balances: Individually evaluated for impairment 400 1,234 284 4,304 2 - - 6,224 Collectively evaluated for impairment 66,324 66,771 256,101 405,529 151,175 2,941 - 948,841 Ending Balance $ 66,724 $ 68,005 $ 256,385 $ 409,833 $ 151,177 $ 2,941 $ - $ 955,065 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. For the Year ended December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate - Commercial Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 650 $ 339 $ 2,560 $ 4,434 $ 1,302 $ 123 $ 133 $ 9,541 Charge-offs (27 ) - (14 ) - (800 ) (278 ) - (1,119 ) Recoveries 41 - 76 44 390 98 - 649 Provision for loan losses 19 120 (232 ) 309 470 241 (133 ) 794 Ending Balance $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 87 $ - $ 33 $ 8 $ - $ - $ - $ 128 Collectively evaluated for impairment 596 459 2,357 4,779 1,362 184 - 9,737 Ending Balance $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Loans Balances: Individually evaluated for impairment 174 79 450 591 7 - - 1,301 Collectively evaluated for impairment 68,516 58,361 205,918 382,012 118,434 8,984 - 842,225 Ending Balance $ 68,690 $ 58,440 $ 206,368 $ 382,603 $ 118,441 $ 8,984 $ - $ 843,526 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. |