Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | NOTE 3. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment as of the dates indicated: December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 169,248 $ 130,776 Commercial - owner occupied 184,586 198,413 Commercial - non-owner occupied 245,277 184,190 Multifamily 26,675 19,050 Construction 77,944 58,440 Second mortgages 8,828 7,877 Equity lines of credit 54,340 48,665 Total mortgage loans on real estate 766,898 647,411 Commercial and industrial loans 72,578 68,690 Consumer automobile loans 163,018 85,023 Other consumer loans 22,251 33,418 Other (1) 2,340 8,984 Total loans, net of deferred fees 1,027,085 843,526 Less: Allowance for loan losses 10,526 9,865 Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees (2) $ 1,016,559 $ 833,661 (1) Overdrawn accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other catergory in the table above. Overdrawn deposit accounts, excluding internal use accounts, totaled $269 thousand and $304 thousand at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. (2) Net deferred loan costs totaled $1.0 million and $1.3 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. CREDIT QUALITY INFORMATION The Company uses internally-assigned risk grades to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance. The Company’s internally assigned risk grades are as follows: • Pass: • Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): • Substandard: • Doubtful: • Loss: The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of the dates indicated: Credit Quality Information As of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 169,094 $ - $ 154 $ 169,248 Commercial - owner occupied 184,301 285 - 184,586 Commercial - non-owner occupied 245,277 - - 245,277 Multifamily 26,675 - - 26,675 Construction 76,999 - 945 77,944 Second mortgages 8,828 - - 8,828 Equity lines of credit 54,340 - - 54,340 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 765,514 $ 285 $ 1,099 $ 766,898 Commercial and industrial loans 72,434 - 144 72,578 Consumer automobile loans 162,738 - 280 163,018 Other consumer loans 22,251 - - 22,251 Other 2,340 - - 2,340 Total $ 1,025,277 $ 285 $ 1,523 $ 1,027,085 Credit Quality Information As of December 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 130,584 $ - $ 192 $ 130,776 Commercial - owner occupied 195,512 788 2,113 198,413 Commercial - non-owner occupied 183,093 434 663 184,190 Multifamily 19,050 - - 19,050 Construction 57,224 218 998 58,440 Second mortgages 7,877 - - 7,877 Equity lines of credit 48,665 - - 48,665 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 642,005 $ 1,440 $ 3,966 $ 647,411 Commercial and industrial loans 68,261 - 429 68,690 Consumer automobile loans 85,002 - 21 85,023 Other consumer loans 33,418 - - 33,418 Other 8,984 - - 8,984 Total $ 837,670 $ 1,440 $ 4,416 $ 843,526 As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Company did not have any loans internally classified as Loss or Doubtful. AGE ANALYSIS OF PAST DUE LOANS BY CLASS All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 290 $ - $ 525 $ 154 $ 168,279 $ 169,248 Commercial - owner occupied 20 - - - 184,566 184,586 Commercial - non-owner occupied 206 - - - 245,071 245,277 Multifamily - - - - 26,675 26,675 Construction - - - 945 76,999 77,944 Second mortgages 19 - - - 8,809 8,828 Equity lines of credit 56 288 - - 53,996 54,340 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 591 $ 288 $ 525 $ 1,099 $ 764,395 $ 766,898 Commercial and industrial loans 221 284 23 144 71,906 72,578 Consumer automobile loans 1,538 221 212 - 161,047 163,018 Other consumer loans 445 372 80 - 21,354 22,251 Other 47 - - - 2,293 2,340 Total $ 2,842 $ 1,165 $ 840 $ 1,243 $ 1,020,995 $ 1,027,085 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccrual column and not also in its respective past due column. In the table above, the past due totals include student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 - 98% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $38 thousand million at December 31, 2022. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 120 $ - $ - $ 191 $ 130,465 $ 130,776 Commercial - owner occupied - - - - 198,413 198,413 Commercial - non-owner occupied - - - 113 184,077 184,190 Multifamily - - - - 19,050 19,050 Construction - - - - 58,440 58,440 Second mortgages 24 - - - 7,853 7,877 Equity lines of credit 51 - - - 48,614 48,665 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 195 $ - $ - $ 304 $ 646,912 $ 647,411 Commercial and industrial loans 37 - 169 174 68,310 68,690 Consumer automobile loans 814 118 296 - 83,795 85,023 Other consumer loans 1,284 439 550 - 31,145 33,418 Other 31 3 10 - 8,940 8,984 Total $ 2,361 $ 560 $ 1,025 $ 478 $ 839,102 $ 843,526 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccrual column and not also in its respective past due column In the table above, the past due totals include small business and student loans with principal and interest amounts that are 97 – 100% guaranteed by the federal government. The past due principal portion of these guaranteed loans totaled $1.4 million at December 31, 2021. NONACCRUAL LOANS The Company generally places commercial loans (including construction loans and commercial loans secured and not secured by real estate) in nonaccrual status when the full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, part of the principal balance has been charged off and no restructuring has occurred or the loan reaches 90 days past due, unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. Under regulatory rules, consumer loans, which are loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures, and consumer loans secured by real estate (including residential 1 - 4 family mortgages, second mortgages, and equity lines of credit) are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status. Although consumer loans and consumer loans secured by real estate are not required to be placed in nonaccrual status, the Company may elect to place these loans in nonaccrual status, if necessary to avoid a material overstatement of interest income. Generally, consumer loans secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when payments are 120 days past due. Generally, consumer loans not secured by real estate are placed in nonaccrual status only when part of the principal has been charged off. If a charge-off has not occurred sooner for other reasons, a consumer loan not secured by real estate will generally be placed in nonaccrual status when payments are 120 days past due. These loans are charged off or written down to the net realizable value of the collateral when deemed uncollectible, when classified as a “loss,” when repayment is unreasonably protracted, when bankruptcy has been initiated, or when the loan is 120 days or more past due unless the credit is well-secured and in the process of collection. When management places a loan in nonaccrual status, the accrued unpaid interest receivable is reversed against interest income and the loan is accounted for by the cost recovery method, until it qualifies for return to accrual status or is charged off. Generally, loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or when the borrower has resumed paying the full amount of the scheduled contractual interest and principal payments for at least six months. The following table presents loans in nonaccrual status by class of loan as of the dates indicated: (dollars in thousands) December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 154 $ 191 Commercial - non-owner occupied - 113 Construction and land development 945 - Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,099 304 Commercial and industrial loans 144 174 Total $ 1,243 $ 478 The following table presents the interest income that the Company would have earned under the original terms of its nonaccrual loans and the actual interest recorded by the Company on nonaccrual loans for the periods presented: Years Ended December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 Interest income that would have been recorded under original loan terms $ 111 $ 11 Actual interest income recorded for the period 15 2 Reduction in interest income on nonaccrual loans $ 96 $ 9 TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS The Company’s loan portfolio may include certain loans classified as TDRs, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company defines a TDR as nonperforming if the TDR is in nonaccrual status or is 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at the report date. When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates any possible impairment as discussed further below under Impaired Loans. There were no new TDRs in 2022 or 2021. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no outstanding commitments to disburse additional funds on any TDR. There were no loans secured by residential 1 - 4 family real estate that were in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. In the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 there were no defaulting TDRs where the default occurred within twelve months of restructuring. The Company considers a TDR in default when any of the following occurs: the loan, as restructured, becomes 90 days or more past due; the loan is moved to nonaccrual status following the restructure; the loan is restructured again under terms that would qualify it as a TDR if it were not already so classified; or any portion of the loan is charged off. All TDRs are factored into the determination of the allowance for loan losses and included in the impaired loan analysis, as discussed below. IMPAIRED LOANS A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans include nonperforming loans and loans modified in a TDR. When management identifies a loan as impaired, the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except when the sole or remaining source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, when foreclosure is probable, instead of the discounted cash flows. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of an impaired loan is in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method. For financial statement purposes, the recorded investment in the loan is the actual principal balance reduced by payments that would otherwise have been applied to interest. When reporting information on these loans to the applicable customers, the unpaid principal balance is reported as if payments were applied to principal and interest under the original terms of the loan agreements. Therefore, the unpaid principal balance reported to the customer would be higher than the recorded investment in the loan for financial statement purposes. When the ultimate collectability of the total principal of the impaired loan is not in doubt and the loan is in nonaccrual status, contractual interest is credited to interest income when received under the cash basis method. The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans, exclusive of purchased credit-impaired loans, with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of the dates presented. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the periods presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances. For the Year Ended As of December 31, 2022 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 285 $ 44 $ 235 $ 21 $ 282 $ 7 Commercial 430 55 358 3 420 - Construction 1,321 829 191 6 1,208 3 Total mortgage loans on real estate 2,036 928 784 30 1,910 10 Commercial and industrial loans 144 144 - - 144 5 Total $ 2,180 $ 1,072 $ 784 $ 30 $ 2,054 $ 15 For the Year Ended As of December 31, 2021 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 353 $ 25 $ 300 $ 30 $ 328 $ 7 Commercial 610 178 413 8 601 1 Construction 80 79 - - 80 4 Second mortgages 127 - 125 3 126 5 Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,170 282 838 41 1,135 17 Commercial and industrial loans 188 - 174 87 181 17 Other consumer loans 9 7 - - 8 - Total $ 1,367 $ 289 $ 1,012 $ 128 $ 1,324 $ 34 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Loans are either individually evaluated for impairment or pooled with like loans and collectively evaluated for impairment. Also, various qualitative factors are applied to each segment of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is the accumulation of these components. Management’s estimate is based on certain observable, historical data and other factors that management believes are most reflective of the underlying credit losses being estimated. Management provides an allocated component of the allowance for loans that are individually evaluated for impairment. An allocated allowance is established when the discounted value of expected future cash flows from the impaired loan (or the collateral value or observable market price of the impaired loan) is lower than the carrying value of that loan. This allocation represents the sum of management’s estimated losses on each loan. Loans collectively evaluated for impairment are pooled, with a historical loss rate, based on migration analysis, applied to each pool, segmented by risk grade or days past due, depending on the type of loan. Based on credit risk assessments and management’s analysis of qualitative factors , additional loss factors are applied to loan balances. These additional qualitative factors include: economic conditions (including uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic), trends in growth, loan concentrations, changes in certain loans, changes in underwriting, changes in management and changes in the legal and regulatory environment. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY SEGMENT The following table presents, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans for the periods presented. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. For the Year ended December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate - Commercial Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Charge-offs (297 ) - (25 ) - (1,368 ) (332 ) - (2,022 ) Recoveries 134 - 61 22 648 112 - 977 Provision for loan losses 153 93 149 (310 ) 1,423 192 6 1,706 Ending Balance $ 673 $ 552 $ 2,575 $ 4,499 $ 2,065 $ 156 $ 6 $ 10,526 Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 6 $ 21 $ 3 $ - $ - $ - $ 30 Collectively evaluated for impairment 673 546 2,554 4,496 2,065 156 6 10,496 Ending Balance $ 673 $ 552 $ 2,575 $ 4,499 $ 2,065 $ 156 $ 6 $ 10,526 Loans Balances: Individually evaluated for impairment 144 1,020 279 413 - - - 1,856 Collectively evaluated for impairment 72,434 76,924 258,812 429,450 185,269 2,340 - 1,025,229 Ending Balance $ 72,578 $ 77,944 $ 259,091 $ 429,863 $ 185,269 $ 2,340 $ - $ 1,027,085 For the Year ended December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate - Commercial Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 650 $ 339 $ 2,560 $ 4,434 $ 1,302 $ 123 $ 133 $ 9,541 Charge-offs (27 ) - (14 ) - (800 ) (278 ) - (1,119 ) Recoveries 41 - 76 44 390 98 - 649 Provision for loan losses 19 120 (232 ) 309 470 241 (133 ) 794 Ending Balance $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 87 $ - $ 33 $ 8 $ - $ - $ - $ 128 Collectively evaluated for impairment 596 459 2,357 4,779 1,362 184 - 9,737 Ending Balance $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Loans Balances: Individually evaluated for impairment 174 79 450 591 7 - - 1,301 Collectively evaluated for impairment 68,516 58,361 205,918 382,012 118,434 8,984 - 842,225 Ending Balance $ 68,690 $ 58,440 $ 206,368 $ 382,603 $ 118,441 $ 8,984 $ - $ 843,526 (1) The real estate – mortgage segment included residential 1-4 family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. |