Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans | Note 3. Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables. For further discussion on the Company’s accounting policies and policy elections related to the accounting standard update refer to Note 1 Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. All loan information presented as of March 31, 2023 is in accordance with ASC 326. All loan information presented prior to March 31, 2023 is in accordance with previous applicable GAAP. The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment as of the dates indicated: March 31, December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 179,607 $ 169,248 Commercial - owner occupied 186,141 184,586 Commercial - non-owner occupied 244,870 245,277 Multifamily 32,820 26,675 Construction and land development 86,690 77,944 Second mortgages 8,962 8,828 Equity lines of credit 54,723 54,340 Total mortgage loans on real estate 793,813 766,898 Commercial and industrial loans 73,367 72,578 Consumer automobile loans 188,101 163,018 Other consumer loans 22,186 22,251 Other (1) 3,798 2,340 Total loans, net of deferred fees (2) 1,081,265 1,027,085 Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans 11,551 10,526 Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees (2) $ 1,069,714 $ 1,016,559 (1) Overdrawn accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other category in the table above. Overdrawn deposit accounts, excluding internal use accounts, totaled $229 thousand and $269 thousand at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. (2) Net deferred loan fees totaled $1.0 million on March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection. The following table shows the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio, by class, at March 31, 2023. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 393 $ 158 $ - $ 151 $ 178,905 $ 179,607 Commercial - owner occupied - 93 - - 186,048 186,141 Commercial - non-owner occupied - - - - 244,870 244,870 Multifamily - - - - 32,820 32,820 Construction and land development - - - 829 85,861 86,690 Second mortgages 12 - - - 8,950 8,962 Equity lines of credit 62 - 47 - 54,614 54,723 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 467 $ 251 $ 47 $ 980 $ 792,068 $ 793,813 Commercial and industrial loans 343 - 506 - 72,518 73,367 Consumer automobile loans 1,533 100 169 - 186,299 188,101 Other consumer loans 720 85 - - 21,381 22,186 Other 28 - - - 3,770 3,798 Total $ 3,091 $ 436 $ 722 $ 980 $ 1,076,036 $ 1,081,265 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccrual column and not also in its respective past due column. The following table shows the Company’s amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status as of January 1, 2023 as well as the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days and still accruing as of March 31, 2023 by class of loan. Nonaccrual (dollars in thousands) January 1, 2023 March 31, 2023 Nonaccrual with no ACLL 90 Days and still Accruing Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 154 $ 151 $ - $ - Construction and land development 945 829 829 - Equity lines of credit - - - 48 Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,099 980 829 48 Commercial and industrial loans 144 - - 505 Consumer automobile loans - - - 169 Total $ 1,243 $ 980 $ 829 $ 722 The Company did not recognize any interest income on loans on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2023 and had no reversal of interest income as no loans were placed on nonaccrual status during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company’s loan portfolio may include certain loans modified, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company closely monitors the performance of modified loans to understand the effectiveness of modification efforts. Upon the determination that all or a portion of a modified loan is uncollectible, that amount is charged against the allowance for credit losses. The Company did not grant any such modifications during the first quarter of 2023. Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans ACLL on the loan portfolio is a material estimate for the Company. The Company estimates its ACLL on its loan portfolio on a quarterly basis. The Company models the ACLL using two primary segments, Commercial and Consumer. Within each segment, loan classes are • Commercial • Consumer Each portfolio class has risk characteristics as follows: • Commercial and industrial: • Real estate-construction and land development: • Real estate-commercial: • Real estate-mortgage: • Consumer loans: • Other loans: The following tables presents the activity in the ACLL by portfolio class for the three months ended March 31, 2023. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS For the Three Months ended March 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate - Commercial Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for credit losses on loans: Balance, beginning $ 673 $ 552 $ 2,575 $ 4,499 $ 2,065 $ 156 $ 6 $ 10,526 Day 1 impact of adoption of CECL (11 ) 19 87 1,048 (365 ) (137 ) - 641 Charge-offs - - - - (377 ) (72 ) - (449 ) Recoveries 8 - 11 - 237 14 - 270 Provision for loan losses (6 ) 82 199 70 81 143 (6 ) 563 Ending Balance $ 664 $ 653 $ 2,872 $ 5,617 $ 1,641 $ 104 $ - $ 11,551 Individually evaluated $ - $ 1 $ 19 $ 4 $ - $ - $ - $ 24 Collectively evaluated 664 652 2,853 5,613 1,641 104 - 11,527 Ending Balance $ 664 $ 653 $ 2,872 $ 5,617 $ 1,641 $ 104 $ - $ 11,551 Loans Balances: Individually evaluated - 903 466 401 - - - 1,770 Collectively evaluated 73,367 85,787 275,646 430,610 210,287 3,798 - 1,079,495 Ending Balance $ 73,367 $ 86,690 $ 276,112 $ 431,011 $ 210,287 $ 3,798 $ - $ 1,081,265 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. The following table presents a breakdown of the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated. Three Months Ended March 31, (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Provision for credit losses: Provision (recovery) for loans $ 563 $ 101 Provision for unfunded commitments (187 ) - Total $ 376 $ 101 Credit Quality Indicators Credit quality indicators are utilized to help estimate the collectability of each loan. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. While other credit quality indicators are evaluated and analyzed as part of the Company’s credit risk management activities, the Company uses internally-assigned risk grades as the primary indicator to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance. The Company’s internally assigned risk grades are as follows: • Pass: Loans are of acceptable risk. • Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): Loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. • Substandard: Loans reflect significant deficiencies due to several adverse trends of a financial, economic or managerial nature. • Doubtful: Loans have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan with added characteristics that make collection or liquidation in full based on currently existing facts, conditions and values highly questionable or improbable. • Loss: Loans have been identified for charge-off because they are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings originated as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2023 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total Construction and land development Pass $ 6,676 $ 41,912 $ 26,314 $ 6,480 $ 417 $ 3,894 $ 168 $ 85,861 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - 829 - 829 Total Construction $ 6,676 $ 41,912 $ 26,314 $ 6,480 $ 417 $ 4,723 $ 168 $ 86,690 Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied Pass $ 579 $ 33,062 $ 44,991 $ 22,770 $ 13,142 $ 66,459 $ 4,750 $ 185,753 OAEM - - 78 - 201 109 - 388 Substandard - - - - - - - - Total Commercial Real Estate - Owner Occupied $ 579 $ 33,062 $ 45,069 $ 22,770 $ 13,343 $ 66,568 $ 4,750 $ 186,141 Commercial Real Estate - Non-Owner Occupied Pass $ 4,424 $ 55,819 $ 77,835 $ 31,961 $ 14,468 $ 60,163 $ 200 $ 244,870 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total Commercial Real Estate - Non-Owner Occupied $ 4,424 $ 55,819 $ 77,835 $ 31,961 $ 14,468 $ 60,163 $ 200 $ 244,870 Commercial and Industrial Pass $ 6,446 $ 40,444 $ 6,615 $ 3,241 $ 4,766 $ 50 $ 11,805 $ 73,367 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total Commercial and Industrial $ 6,446 $ 40,444 $ 6,615 $ 3,241 $ 4,766 $ 50 $ 11,805 $ 73,367 Multifamily Real Estate Pass $ 5,240 $ 4,097 $ 2,201 $ 793 $ 6,097 $ 11,307 $ 3,085 $ 32,820 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total Multifamily Real Estate $ 5,240 $ 4,097 $ 2,201 $ 793 $ 6,097 $ 11,307 $ 3,085 $ 32,820 Residential 1-4 Family Pass $ 10,786 $ 34,665 $ 40,971 $ 29,530 $ 14,042 $ 58,231 $ 54,723 $ 242,948 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - 344 - 344 Total Residential 1-4 Family $ 10,786 $ 34,665 $ 40,971 $ 29,530 $ 14,042 $ 58,575 $ 54,723 $ 243,292 Consumer - Automobile Pass $ 38,055 $ 116,171 $ 18,141 $ 6,587 $ 3,050 $ 6,097 $ - $ 188,101 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total Consumer - Automobile $ 38,055 $ 116,171 $ 18,141 $ 6,587 $ 3,050 $ 6,097 $ - $ 188,101 Consumer - Other Pass $ 199 $ 2,057 $ 672 $ 200 $ 359 $ 17,154 $ 1,545 $ 22,186 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total Consumer - Other $ 199 $ 2,057 $ 672 $ 200 $ 359 $ 17,154 $ 1,545 $ 22,186 Other Pass $ 2,990 $ - $ 309 $ - $ - $ 499 $ - $ 3,798 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total Other $ 2,990 $ - $ 309 $ - $ - $ 499 $ - $ 3,798 Total Loans Pass $ 75,395 $ 328,227 $ 218,049 $ 101,562 $ 56,341 $ 223,854 $ 76,276 $ 1,079,704 OAEM - - 78 - 201 109 - 388 Substandard - - - - - 1,173 - 1,173 Total Loans $ 75,395 $ 328,227 $ 218,127 $ 101,562 $ 56,542 $ 225,136 $ 76,276 $ 1,081,265 The following table details the current period gross charge-offs of loans by year of origination as of March 31, 2023: March 31, 2023 Current Period Charge-offs by Origination Year (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Consumer - Automobile - 192 114 34 4 29 - 373 Consumer - Other - - 2 - - 2 - 4 Other (1) 72 - - - - - - 72 Total $ 72 $ 192 $ 116 $ 34 $ 4 $ 31 $ - $ 449 (1) Gross charge-offs of other loans for the first three months ended March 31, 2023 included $72 thousand of demand deposit overdrafts that originated in 2023. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had no collateral dependent loans for which repayment was expected to be derived substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 The following table shows the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio, by class, at December 31, 2022. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 290 $ - $ 525 $ 154 $ 168,279 $ 169,248 Commercial - owner occupied 20 - - - 184,566 184,586 Commercial - non-owner occupied 206 - - - 245,071 245,277 Multifamily - - - - 26,675 26,675 Construction and land development - - - 945 76,999 77,944 Second mortgages 19 - - - 8,809 8,828 Equity lines of credit 56 288 - - 53,996 54,340 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 591 $ 288 $ 525 $ 1,099 $ 764,395 $ 766,898 Commercial and industrial loans 221 284 23 144 71,906 72,578 Consumer automobile loans 1,538 221 212 - 161,047 163,018 Other consumer loans 445 372 80 - 21,354 22,251 Other 47 - - - 2,293 2,340 Total $ 2,842 $ 1,165 $ 840 $ 1,243 $ 1,020,995 $ 1,027,085 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccrual column and not also in its respective past due column. As of December 31, 2022, the Company measured the amount of impairment by evaluating loans either in their collective homogenous pools or individually. The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the period presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances. Impaired Loans by Class For the Year Ended As of December 31, 2022 December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 285 $ 44 $ 235 $ 21 $ 282 $ 7 Commercial 430 55 358 3 420 - Construction 1,321 829 191 6 1,208 3 Total mortgage loans on real estate 2,036 928 784 33 1,910 10 Commercial and industrial loans 144 144 - - 144 5 Total $ 2,180 $ 1,072 $ 784 $ 33 $ 2,054 $ 15 The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of December 31, 2022: Credit Quality Information As of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 169,094 $ - $ 154 $ 169,248 Commercial - owner occupied 184,301 285 - 184,586 Commercial - non-owner occupied 245,277 - - 245,277 Multifamily 26,675 - - 26,675 Construction 76,999 - 945 77,944 Second mortgages 8,828 - - 8,828 Equity lines of credit 54,340 - - 54,340 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 765,514 $ 285 $ 1,099 $ 766,898 Commercial and industrial loans 72,434 - 144 72,578 Consumer automobile loans 162,738 - 280 163,018 Other consumer loans 22,251 - - 22,251 Other 2,340 - - 2,340 Total $ 1,025,277 $ 285 $ 1,523 $ 1,027,085 The following tables presents the activity in the ALLL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2022. For the Year ended December 31, 2022 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate - Commercial Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Charge-offs (297 ) - (25 ) - (1,368 ) (332 ) - (2,022 ) Recoveries 134 - 61 22 648 112 - 977 Provision for loan losses 153 93 149 (310 ) 1,423 192 6 1,706 Ending Balance $ 673 $ 552 $ 2,575 $ 4,499 $ 2,065 $ 156 $ 6 $ 10,526 Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 6 $ 21 $ 3 $ - $ - $ - $ 30 Collectively evaluated for impairment 673 546 2,554 4,496 2,065 156 6 10,496 Ending Balance $ 673 $ 552 $ 2,575 $ 4,499 $ 2,065 $ 156 $ 6 $ 10,526 Loans Balances: Individually evaluated for impairment 144 1,020 279 413 - - - 1,856 Collectively evaluated for impairment 72,434 76,924 258,812 429,450 185,269 2,340 - 1,025,229 Ending Balance $ 72,578 $ 77,944 $ 259,091 $ 429,863 $ 185,269 $ 2,340 $ - $ 1,027,085 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. |