Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans | Note 3. Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables. For further discussion on the Company’s accounting policies and policy elections related to the accounting standard update refer to “Note 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” All loan information presented as of September 30, 2023, is in accordance with ASC 326. All loan information presented as of December 31, 2022, or a prior date is in accordance with previous applicable GAAP. The following is a summary of the balances in each class of the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment as of the dates indicated: September 30, December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 184,535 $ 169,248 Commercial - owner occupied 162,611 184,586 Commercial - non-owner occupied 279,183 245,277 Multifamily 31,813 26,675 Construction and land development 94,143 77,944 Second mortgages 9,968 8,828 Equity lines of credit 53,784 54,340 Total mortgage loans on real estate 816,037 766,898 Commercial and industrial loans 73,279 72,578 Consumer automobile loans 170,637 163,018 Other consumer loans 20,309 22,251 Other (1) 2,416 2,340 Total loans, net of deferred fees (2) 1,082,678 1,027,085 Less: Allowance for credit losses on loans 11,844 10,526 Loans, net of allowance and deferred fees (2) $ 1,070,834 $ 1,016,559 (1) Overdrawn accounts are reclassified as loans and included in the Other category in the table above. Overdrawn deposit accounts, excluding internal use accounts, totaled $264 thousand and $269 thousand at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. (2) Net deferred loan fees totaled $1.3 million on September 30, 2023 and $1.0 million on December 31, 2022. All classes of loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Interest and fees continue to accrue on past due loans until the date the loan is placed in nonaccrual status, if applicable. The following table includes an aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans as of the dates indicated. Also included in the table below are loans that are 90 days or more past due as to interest and principal and still accruing interest, because they are well-secured and in the process of collection. The following table shows the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio, by class, as of September 30, 2023. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ - $ - $ 398 $ 145 $ 183,992 $ 184,535 Commercial - owner occupied - 407 - - 162,204 162,611 Commercial - non-owner occupied 17 - - - 279,166 279,183 Multifamily - - - - 31,813 31,813 Construction and land development - - - 1,391 92,752 94,143 Second mortgages - - - - 9,968 9,968 Equity lines of credit - - - 47 53,737 53,784 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 17 $ 407 $ 398 $ 1,583 $ 813,632 $ 816,037 Commercial and industrial loans 507 17 116 335 72,304 73,279 Consumer automobile loans 2,857 264 148 - 167,368 170,637 Other consumer loans 231 375 135 - 19,568 20,309 Other 54 - - - 2,362 2,416 Total $ 3,666 $ 1,063 $ 797 $ 1,918 $ 1,075,234 $ 1,082,678 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccrual column and not also in its respective past due column. The following table shows the Company’s amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status as of January 1, 2023 as well as the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days and accruing as of September 30, 2023 by class of loan. Nonaccrual (dollars in thousands) January 1, 2023 September 30, 2023 Nonaccrual with no ACLL 90 Days and still Accruing Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 154 $ 145 $ - $ 398 Construction and land development 945 1,391 1,391 - Equity lines of credit - 47 47 - Total mortgage loans on real estate 1,099 1,583 1,438 398 Commercial and industrial loans 144 335 35 116 Consumer automobile loans - - - 148 Other consumer loans - - - 135 Other - - - - Total $ 1,243 $ 1,918 $ 1,473 $ 797 The Company’s loan portfolio may include certain loans modified, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss mitigation activities and could include reduction in the interest rate below current market rates for borrowers with similar risk profiles, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. The Company closely monitors the performance of modified loans to understand the effectiveness of modification efforts. Upon the determination that all or a portion of a modified loan is uncollectible, that amount is charged against the ACL. The Company did not grant any such modifications during the third quarter of 2023 Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans ACLL is a material estimate for the Company. The Company estimates its ACLL on a quarterly basis. The Company models the ACLL using two primary segments, commercial and consumer. Within each segment, loan classes are • Commercial • Consumer Each portfolio class has risk characteristics as follows: • Commercial and industrial: • Real estate - construction and land development: • Real estate - commercial: • Real estate - mortgage: • Consumer loans: • Other loans: The following tables presents the activity in the ACLL by portfolio class for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS For the Nine Months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction and Land Development Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate - Commercial Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for credit losses on loans: Balance, beginning $ 673 $ 552 $ 2,575 $ 4,499 $ 2,065 $ 156 $ 6 $ 10,526 Day 1 impact of adoption of CECL (11 ) 19 87 1,048 (365 ) (137 ) - 641 Charge-offs (159 ) - - - (813 ) (228 ) - (1,200 ) Recoveries 64 - 28 - 393 41 - 526 Provision for loan losses 78 258 192 244 270 315 (6 ) 1,351 Ending Balance $ 645 $ 829 $ 2,882 $ 5,791 $ 1,550 $ 147 $ - $ 11,844 Individually evaluated $ - $ - $ 61 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 61 Collectively evaluated 645 829 2,821 5,791 1,550 147 - 11,783 Ending Balance $ 645 $ 829 $ 2,882 $ 5,791 $ 1,550 $ 147 $ - $ 11,844 Loans Balances: Individually evaluated $ 334 $ 1,463 $ 503 $ 375 $ - $ - $ - $ 2,675 Collectively evaluated 72,945 92,680 279,597 441,419 190,946 2,416 - 1,080,003 Ending Balance $ 73,279 $ 94,143 $ 280,100 $ 441,794 $ 190,946 $ 2,416 $ - $ 1,082,678 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. The following table presents a breakdown of the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022 Provision for credit losses: Provision for loans $ 478 $ 402 $ 1,351 $ 1,073 Provison (recovery) for unfunded commitments 27 - (109 ) - Total $ 505 $ 402 $ 1,242 $ 1,073 Credit Quality Indicators Credit quality indicators are utilized to help estimate the collectability of each loan. Consumer loans not secured by real estate and made to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures are segmented into pools based on days past due, while all other loans, including loans to consumers that are secured by real estate, are segmented by risk grades. While other credit quality indicators are evaluated and analyzed as part of the Company’s credit risk management activities, the Company uses internally-assigned risk grades as the primary indicator to estimate the capability of borrowers to repay the contractual obligations of their loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal risk grade system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. Credit risk grades are updated at least quarterly as additional information becomes available, at which time management analyzes the resulting scores to track loan performance. The Company’s internally assigned risk grades are as follows: • Pass: Loans are of acceptable risk. • Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM): Loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. • Substandard: Loans reflect significant deficiencies due to several adverse trends of a financial, economic or managerial nature. • Doubtful: Loans have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan with added characteristics that make collection or liquidation in full based on currently existing facts, conditions and values highly questionable or improbable. • Loss: Loans have been identified for charge-off because they are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings originated as of the dates indicated: September 30, 2023 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total Construction and land development Pass $ 27,785 $ 34,339 $ 24,879 $ 3,399 $ 301 $ 419 $ 1,630 $ 92,752 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - 117 1,274 - - - 1,391 Total construction and land development $ 27,785 $ 34,339 $ 24,996 $ 4,673 $ 301 $ 419 $ 1,630 $ 94,143 Commercial real estate - owner occupied Pass $ 7,352 $ 34,082 $ 21,805 $ 13,859 $ 10,899 $ 64,449 $ 5,247 $ 157,693 OAEM - - - - 237 4,396 285 4,918 Substandard - - - - - - - - Total commercial real estate - owner occupied $ 7,352 $ 34,082 $ 21,805 $ 13,859 $ 11,136 $ 68,845 $ 5,532 $ 162,611 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied Pass $ 26,999 $ 53,484 $ 97,508 $ 39,035 $ 11,419 $ 48,479 $ 2,259 $ 279,183 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total commercial real estate - non-owner occupied $ 26,999 $ 53,484 $ 97,508 $ 39,035 $ 11,419 $ 48,479 $ 2,259 $ 279,183 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 15,350 $ 26,931 $ 5,126 $ 2,441 $ 2,302 $ 7,174 $ 13,620 $ 72,944 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - 335 - 335 Total commercial and industrial $ 15,350 $ 26,931 $ 5,126 $ 2,441 $ 2,302 $ 7,509 $ 13,620 $ 73,279 Multifamily real estate Pass $ 9,699 $ 3,502 $ 2,168 $ 612 $ 5,991 $ 9,188 $ 653 $ 31,813 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total multifamily real estate $ 9,699 $ 3,502 $ 2,168 $ 612 $ 5,991 $ 9,188 $ 653 $ 31,813 Residential 1-4 family Pass $ 23,298 $ 38,752 $ 40,529 $ 26,889 $ 13,286 $ 53,167 $ 51,824 $ 247,745 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - 350 47 145 - 542 Total residential 1-4 family $ 23,298 $ 38,752 $ 40,529 $ 27,239 $ 13,333 $ 53,312 $ 51,824 $ 248,287 Consumer - automobile Pass $ 49,881 $ 92,976 $ 14,922 $ 4,932 $ 2,029 $ 5,897 $ - $ 170,637 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total consumer - automobile $ 49,881 $ 92,976 $ 14,922 $ 4,932 $ 2,029 $ 5,897 $ - $ 170,637 Consumer - other Pass $ 294 $ 630 $ 424 $ 125 $ 14 $ 16,505 $ 2,317 $ 20,309 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total consumer - other $ 294 $ 630 $ 424 $ 125 $ 14 $ 16,505 $ 2,317 $ 20,309 Other Pass $ 1,121 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1,295 $ - $ 2,416 OAEM - - - - - - - - Substandard - - - - - - - - Total other $ 1,121 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1,295 $ - $ 2,416 Total loans Pass $ 161,779 $ 284,696 $ 207,361 $ 91,292 $ 46,241 $ 206,573 $ 77,550 $ 1,075,492 OAEM - - - - 237 4,396 285 4,918 Substandard - - 117 1,624 47 480 - 2,268 Total loans $ 161,779 $ 284,696 $ 207,478 $ 92,916 $ 46,525 $ 211,449 $ 77,835 $ 1,082,678 The following table details the current period gross charge-offs of loans by year of origination as of September 30, 2023: September 30, 2023 Current Period Charge-offs by Origination Year (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Commercial and industrial $ - $ 140 $ 15 $ 4 $ - $ - $ - $ 159 Consumer - automobile 9 382 267 68 18 51 - 795 Consumer - other - - 5 - 3 10 - 18 Other (1) 206 22 - - - - - 228 Total $ 215 $ 544 $ 287 $ 72 $ 21 $ 61 $ - $ 1,200 (1) Gross charge-offs of other loans for the first nine months ended September 30, 2023 included $206 thousand of demand deposit overdrafts that originated in 2023. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had no collateral dependent loans for which repayment was expected to be derived substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 The following table shows the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio, by class, as of December 31, 2022. Age Analysis of Past Due Loans as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 or More Days Past Due and still Accruing Nonaccrual (2) Total Current Loans (1) Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 290 $ - $ 525 $ 154 $ 168,279 $ 169,248 Commercial - owner occupied 20 - - - 184,566 184,586 Commercial - non-owner occupied 206 - - - 245,071 245,277 Multifamily - - - - 26,675 26,675 Construction and land development - - - 945 76,999 77,944 Second mortgages 19 - - - 8,809 8,828 Equity lines of credit 56 288 - - 53,996 54,340 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 591 $ 288 $ 525 $ 1,099 $ 764,395 $ 766,898 Commercial and industrial loans 221 284 23 144 71,906 72,578 Consumer automobile loans 1,538 221 212 - 161,047 163,018 Other consumer loans 445 372 80 - 21,354 22,251 Other 47 - - - 2,293 2,340 Total $ 2,842 $ 1,165 $ 840 $ 1,243 $ 1,020,995 $ 1,027,085 (1) For purposes of this table, Total Current Loans includes loans that are 1 - 29 days past due. (2) For purposes of this table, if a loan is past due and on nonaccrual, it is included in the nonaccrual column and not also in its respective past due column. As of December 31, 2022, the Company measured the amount of impairment by evaluating loans either in their collective homogenous pools or individually. The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances (a portion of which may have been charged off) for impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and the related amount of interest recognized for the period presented. The average balances are calculated based on daily average balances. Impaired Loans by Class For the Year Ended As of December 31, 2022 December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Without Valuation Allowance With Valuation Allowance Associated Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 285 $ 44 $ 235 $ 21 $ 282 $ 7 Commercial 430 55 358 3 420 - Construction 1,321 829 191 6 1,208 3 Total mortgage loans on real estate 2,036 928 784 30 1,910 10 Commercial and industrial loans 144 144 - - 144 5 Total $ 2,180 $ 1,072 $ 784 $ 30 $ 2,054 $ 15 The following tables present credit quality exposures by internally assigned risk ratings as of December 31, 2022: Credit Quality Information As of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Pass OAEM Substandard Total Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 169,094 $ - $ 154 $ 169,248 Commercial - owner occupied 184,301 285 - 184,586 Commercial - non-owner occupied 245,277 - - 245,277 Multifamily 26,675 - - 26,675 Construction 76,999 - 945 77,944 Second mortgages 8,828 - - 8,828 Equity lines of credit 54,340 - - 54,340 Total mortgage loans on real estate $ 765,514 $ 285 $ 1,099 $ 766,898 Commercial and industrial loans 72,434 - 144 72,578 Consumer automobile loans 162,738 - 280 163,018 Other consumer loans 22,251 - - 22,251 Other 2,340 - - 2,340 Total $ 1,025,277 $ 285 $ 1,523 $ 1,027,085 The following tables presents the activity in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2022. For the Year ended December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Real Estate Construction Real Estate - Mortgage (1) Real Estate - Commercial Consumer (2) Other Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning $ 683 $ 459 $ 2,390 $ 4,787 $ 1,362 $ 184 $ - $ 9,865 Charge-offs (297 ) - (25 ) - (1,368 ) (332 ) - (2,022 ) Recoveries 134 - 61 22 648 112 - 977 Provision for loan losses 153 93 149 (310 ) 1,423 192 6 1,706 Ending Balance $ 673 $ 552 $ 2,575 $ 4,499 $ 2,065 $ 156 $ 6 $ 10,526 Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ 6 $ 21 $ 3 $ - $ - $ - $ 30 Collectively evaluated for impairment 673 546 2,554 4,496 2,065 156 6 10,496 Ending Balance $ 673 $ 552 $ 2,575 $ 4,499 $ 2,065 $ 156 $ 6 $ 10,526 Loans Balances: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 144 $ 1,020 $ 279 $ 413 $ - $ - $ - $ 1,856 Collectively evaluated for impairment 72,434 76,924 258,812 429,450 185,269 2,340 - 1,025,229 Ending Balance $ 72,578 $ 77,944 $ 259,091 $ 429,863 $ 185,269 $ 2,340 $ - $ 1,027,085 (1) The real estate-mortgage segment includes residential 1 – 4 family, multi-family, second mortgages and equity lines of credit. (2) The consumer segment includes consumer automobile loans. |