Investment | Investments: The Company classifies its fixed maturity securities as those it either (1) has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity, (2) has available for sale or (3) has the intention of trading. The Company's entire fixed maturity portfolio is classified as available for sale. Fixed maturity securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value with changes in such values, net of deferred income taxes, reflected directly in shareholders' equity. Equity securities are reported at fair value with changes in such values reflected as unrealized investment gains (losses) in the consolidated statements of income. Fair values for fixed maturity securities and equity securities are based on quoted market prices or estimates using values obtained from recognized independent pricing services. The status and fair value changes of each of the fixed maturity investments are reviewed at least once per quarter during the year, and estimates of impairments and allowances for credit losses in the portfolio's value are evaluated and established at each quarterly balance sheet date. In reviewing investments for impairment, the Company, in addition to a security's market price history, considers the totality of such factors as the issuer's operating results, financial condition and liquidity, its ability to access capital markets, credit rating trends, most current audited financial statements, industry and securities markets conditions, and analyst expectations to reach its conclusions. Sudden fair value declines caused by such adverse developments as newly emerged or imminent bankruptcy filings, issuer default on significant obligations, or reports of financial accounting developments that bring into question the validity of the issuer's previously reported earnings or financial condition, are recognized as realized losses as soon as credible publicly available information emerges to confirm such developments. The Company recognized no impairments or allowances for credit losses for the quarters ended March 31, 2021, and 2020. The amortized cost and estimated fair values by type and contractual maturity of fixed maturity securities are shown in the following tables. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities since borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Amortized Gross Gross Estimated Fixed Maturity Securities by Type: March 31, 2021: U.S. & Canadian Governments $ 1,968.3 $ 66.8 $ 6.3 $ 2,028.7 Tax-exempt 991.2 54.3 — 1,045.5 Corporate 7,098.9 317.0 74.4 7,341.5 $ 10,058.5 $ 438.2 $ 80.8 $ 10,415.9 December 31, 2020: U.S. & Canadian Governments $ 1,967.1 $ 96.4 $ .3 $ 2,063.2 Tax-exempt 997.1 66.3 — 1,063.5 Corporate 6,933.3 440.1 3.4 7,370.0 $ 9,897.6 $ 602.9 $ 3.8 $ 10,496.8 Amortized Estimated Fixed Maturity Securities Stratified by Contractual Maturity at March 31, 2021: Due in one year or less $ 1,017.2 $ 1,026.7 Due after one year through five years 5,453.6 5,728.3 Due after five years through ten years 3,490.7 3,565.6 Due after ten years 96.7 95.1 $ 10,058.5 $ 10,415.9 The following table reflects the Company's gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by category and length of time that individual available for sale securities have been in an unrealized loss position. Fair value and issuer's cost comparisons follow: Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Unrealized Losses Fair Unrealized Losses Fair Unrealized Losses March 31, 2021: Fixed Maturity Securities: U.S. & Canadian Governments $ 492.5 $ 6.3 $ — $ — $ 492.5 $ 6.3 Corporate 1,521.4 74.4 — — 1,521.4 74.4 $ 2,013.9 $ 80.8 $ — $ — $ 2,013.9 $ 80.8 Number of securities in unrealized loss position 321 2 323 December 31, 2020: Fixed Maturity Securities: U.S. & Canadian Governments $ 416.4 $ .3 $ — $ — $ 416.4 $ .3 Corporate 333.6 3.4 — — 333.6 3.4 $ 750.0 $ 3.8 $ — $ — $ 750.0 $ 3.8 Number of securities in unrealized loss position 74 3 77 In the above tables the unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities are primarily deemed to reflect changes in the interest rate environment. As part of its assessment of impairments, the Company considers its intent and ability to continue to hold the securities until cost recovery, principally in consideration of its asset and liability matching objectives. The following table shows cost and fair value information for equity securities: Equity Securities Cost Gross Gross Estimated March 31, 2021 $ 3,118.6 $ 1,251.1 $ 98.4 $ 4,271.3 December 31, 2020 $ 3,269.7 $ 1,028.1 $ 243.0 $ 4,054.8 During the first quarters of 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized pretax unrealized investment gains (losses) of $367.5 and $(962.7), respectively, emanating from changes in the fair value of equity securities in the consolidated statements of income. Changes in the fair value of equity securities still held at March 31, 2021 and 2020 were $359.8 and $(956.8), respectively. Fair Value Measurements - Fair value is defined as the estimated price that is likely to be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants (an exit price) at the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy is established that prioritizes the sources ("inputs") used to measure fair value into three broad levels: Level 1 inputs are based on quoted market prices in active markets; Level 2 observable inputs are based on corroboration with available market data; and Level 3 unobservable inputs are based on uncorroborated market data or a reporting entity's own assumptions. Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and general classification used for financial instruments measured at fair value. The Company uses quoted values and other data provided by a nationally recognized independent pricing source as inputs into its quarterly process for determining fair values of fixed maturity and equity securities. To validate the techniques or models used by pricing sources, the Company's review process includes, but is not limited to: (i) initial and ongoing evaluation of methodologies used by outside parties to calculate fair value; and (ii) comparisons with other sources including the fair value estimates based on current market quotations, and with independent fair value estimates provided by the independent investment custodian. The independent pricing source obtains market quotations and actual transaction prices for securities that have quoted prices in active markets and uses their own proprietary method for determining the fair value of securities that are not actively traded. In general, these methods involve the use of "matrix pricing" in which the independent pricing source uses observable market inputs including, but not limited to, investment yields, credit risks and spreads, benchmarking of like securities, broker-dealer quotes, reported trades and sector groupings to determine a reasonable fair value. Level 1 securities include U.S. and Canadian Treasury notes, publicly traded common stocks, mutual funds, and short-term investments in highly liquid money market instruments. Level 2 securities generally include corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and certain U.S. and Canadian government agency securities. Securities classified within Level 3 include non-publicly traded bonds and equity securities. There were no significant changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The following tables show a summary of the fair value of financial assets segregated among the various input levels described above: Fair Value Measurements As of March 31, 2021: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Available for sale: Fixed maturity securities: U.S. & Canadian Governments $ 1,258.4 $ 770.3 $ — $ 2,028.7 Tax-exempt — 1,045.5 — 1,045.5 Corporate — 7,331.0 10.5 7,341.5 Short-term investments 637.9 — — 637.9 Equity securities $ 4,269.4 $ — $ 1.8 $ 4,271.3 As of December 31, 2020: Available for sale: Fixed maturity securities: U.S. & Canadian Governments $ 1,262.2 $ 801.0 $ — $ 2,063.2 Tax-exempt — 1,063.5 — 1,063.5 Corporate — 7,359.5 10.5 7,370.0 Short-term investments 749.6 — — 749.6 Equity securities $ 4,052.9 $ — $ 1.8 $ 4,054.8 There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the quarter ended March 31, 2021. Investment income is reported net of allocated expenses and includes appropriate adjustments for amortization of premium and accretion of discount on fixed maturity securities acquired at other than par value. Dividends on equity securities are credited to income on the ex-dividend date. Investment gains and losses, which result from sales or impairments of securities, are reflected as revenues in the income statement and are determined on the basis of amortized cost at date of sale for fixed maturity securities, and cost in regard to equity securities; such bases apply to the specific securities sold. Unrealized gains and (losses) from changes in fair value of equity securities are recorded as investment gains (losses) in the income statement. Unrealized investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities, net of any deferred income taxes, are recorded directly as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity. At March 31, 2021, the Company and its subsidiaries did not have significant amounts of non-income producing fixed maturity or equity securities. The following table reflects the composition of net investment income, net realized gains or losses, and the net change in unrealized investment gains or losses for each of the periods shown. Quarters Ended March 31, 2021 2020 Investment income: Fixed maturity securities $ 69.7 $ 74.5 Equity securities 36.1 38.1 Short-term investments — 1.9 Other sources — 1.1 Gross investment income 105.9 115.8 Investment expenses (a) 1.6 1.6 Net investment income $ 104.3 $ 114.1 Investment gains (losses): From actual transactions: Fixed maturity securities: Gains $ .6 $ .9 Losses (.2) (.5) Net .3 .3 Equity securities: Gains 36.3 19.4 Losses (28.8) (1.2) Net 7.5 18.2 Other investments, net — — Total from actual transactions 7.8 18.5 From impairments — — From unrealized changes in fair value of equity securities 367.5 (962.7) Total realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) 375.4 (944.1) Current and deferred income taxes (credits) 79.6 (198.5) Net of tax realized and unrealized investment gains (losses) $ 295.7 $ (745.6) Changes in unrealized investment gains (losses) reflected directly in shareholders' equity: Fixed maturity securities $ (241.1) $ (172.8) Less: Deferred income taxes (credits) (50.8) (36.2) (190.3) (136.6) Other investments (1.6) (.7) Less: Deferred income taxes (credits) (.3) (.1) (1.2) (.5) Net changes in unrealized investment gains (losses), net of tax $ (191.5) $ (137.1) __________ (a) Investment expenses largely consist of personnel costs and investment management and custody service fees. |