Summary of Investments | Summary of Investments The following tables summarize fixed maturity investments classified as available-for-sale and the non-credit-related component of OTTI in AOCI: December 31, 2015 Amortized Gross unrealized Gross unrealized Estimated fair value OTTI (gain) loss Fixed maturities: cost gains losses and carrying value included in AOCI (1) U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $ 3,291,167 $ 55,193 $ 4,608 $ 3,341,752 $ — Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 1,988,214 238,862 7,903 2,219,173 50 Foreign government securities 2,291 — 5 2,286 — Corporate debt securities (2) 12,388,886 437,207 320,381 12,505,712 (1,810 ) Asset-backed securities 1,196,326 128,406 13,362 1,311,370 (86,474 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 122,146 4,734 1,508 125,372 (123 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,009,320 19,117 11,529 1,016,908 — Collateralized debt obligations 9,112 — 58 9,054 — Total fixed maturities $ 20,007,462 $ 883,519 $ 359,354 $ 20,531,627 $ (88,357 ) (1) Indicates the amount of any OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI that is included in gross unrealized gains and losses. OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI, as presented above, includes both the initial recognition of non-credit losses and the effects of subsequent increases and decreases in estimated fair value for those fixed maturity securities with previous non-credit impairment. The non-credit loss component of OTTI (gain) loss was in an unrealized gain position due to increases in estimated fair value subsequent to initial recognition of non-credit losses on such securities. (2) Includes perpetual debt investments with amortized cost of $149,062 and estimated fair value of $116,423 . December 31, 2014 Amortized Gross unrealized Gross unrealized Estimated fair value OTTI (gain) loss Fixed maturities: cost gains losses and carrying value included in AOCI (1) U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $ 3,478,153 $ 70,597 $ 1,494 $ 3,547,256 $ — Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 1,885,715 287,668 899 2,172,484 — Foreign government securities 2,455 — 4 2,451 — Corporate debt securities (2) 11,258,517 763,036 82,104 11,939,449 (2,228 ) Asset-backed securities 1,263,089 149,152 13,702 1,398,539 (96,603 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 167,793 7,368 1,932 173,229 (185 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 886,748 32,556 1,099 918,205 — Collateralized debt obligations 10,674 — 209 10,465 — Total fixed maturities $ 18,953,144 $ 1,310,377 $ 101,443 $ 20,162,078 $ (99,016 ) (1) Indicates the amount of any OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI that is included in gross unrealized gains and losses. OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI, as presented above, includes both the initial recognition of non-credit losses and the effects of subsequent increases and decreases in estimated fair value for those fixed maturity securities with previous non-credit impairment. The non-credit loss component of OTTI (gain) loss was in an unrealized gain position due to increases in estimated fair value subsequent to initial recognition of non-credit losses on such securities. (2) Includes perpetual debt investments with amortized cost of $157,742 and estimated fair value of $131,799 . See Note 8 for additional discussion regarding fair value measurements. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity investments classified as available-for-sale, based on estimated cash flows, are shown in the table below. Actual maturities will likely differ from these projections because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. December 31, 2015 Amortized cost Estimated fair value Maturing in one year or less $ 639,396 $ 663,243 Maturing after one year through five years 3,585,421 3,779,455 Maturing after five years through ten years 5,394,204 5,439,202 Maturing after ten years 5,126,013 5,240,709 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 5,262,428 5,409,018 Total fixed maturities $ 20,007,462 $ 20,531,627 Mortgage-backed (commercial and residential) and asset-backed securities include those issued by the U.S. government and U.S. agencies. The following table summarizes information regarding the sales of securities classified as available-for-sale: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Proceeds from sales $ 4,187,547 $ 2,705,999 $ 2,518,568 Gross realized gains from sales 47,965 47,852 71,758 Gross realized losses from sales 6,476 1,229 27,792 Included in net investment income are unrealized gains (losses) of $(2,241) , $3,119 , and $(9,447) on held-for-trading fixed maturity investments still held at December 31, 2015 , 2014 , and 2013 , respectively. Mortgage loans on real estate - The following table summarizes the carrying value of the mortgage loan portfolio by component: December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Principal $ 3,242,627 $ 3,356,374 Unamortized premium (discount) and fees, net 7,967 10,086 Mortgage provision allowance (2,890 ) (2,890 ) Total mortgage loans $ 3,247,704 $ 3,363,570 The following table summarizes the recorded investment of the mortgage loan portfolio by risk assessment category as of December 31, 2015 , and 2014 , respectively. December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Performing $ 3,249,129 $ 3,366,460 Non-performing 1,465 — Total $ 3,250,594 $ 3,366,460 The following table summarizes activity in the mortgage provision allowance: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Commercial mortgages Commercial mortgages Commercial mortgages Beginning balance $ 2,890 $ 2,890 $ 2,890 Provision increases — — 273 Charge-off — — (273 ) Recovery — — — Provision decreases — — — Ending balance $ 2,890 $ 2,890 $ 2,890 Allowance ending balance by basis of impairment method: Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 2,890 $ 2,890 $ 2,890 Recorded investment balance in the mortgage loan portfolio, gross of allowance, by basis of impairment method: $ 3,250,594 $ 3,366,460 $ 3,137,145 Individually evaluated for impairment 14,031 12,986 13,906 Collectively evaluated for impairment 3,236,563 3,353,474 3,123,239 Limited partnership and other corporation interests - At December 31, 2015 , and 2014 , the Company had $40,980 and $49,421 , respectively, invested in limited partnership and other corporation interests. Included in limited partnership interests are investments in low-income housing limited partnerships (“LIHLP”) that qualify for federal and state tax credits and ownership interests in pooled investment funds. The Company has determined each investment in LIHLP to be considered a VIE but consolidation is not required because the Company has no power through voting rights or similar rights to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. As a 99% limited partner in various upper-tier LIHLPs, the Company expects to receive the tax credits allocated to the partnership and operating losses from depreciation and interest expense. The general partner is most closely involved in the development and management of the LIHLP project and has a small ownership percentage of the partnership. The carrying value and maximum exposure to loss in relation to the activities of the VIEs was $2,728 and $7,464 at December 31, 2015 , and 2014 , respectively. Special deposits - The Company had securities on deposit with government authorities as required by certain insurance laws with fair values of $14,000 and $14,612 at December 31, 2015 , and 2014 , respectively. Securities lending - Securities with a cost or amortized cost of zero and $15,252 and estimated fair values of zero and $15,423 were on loan under the program at December 31, 2015 , and 2014 , respectively. The Company received cash of zero and $13,741 and securities with a fair value of zero and $2,131 as collateral at December 31, 2015 , and 2014 , respectively. The following table summarizes the collateral pledged by the Company under the securities lending program, by class of investment. Under the securities lending program the collateral pledged is, by definition, the securities loaned against the assets borrowed. December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Securities lending transactions U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $ — $ 11,148 Corporate debt securities — 4,275 Total secured borrowings $ — $ 15,423 The Company’s securities lending agreements are open agreements, meaning the borrower can return and the Company can recall the loaned securities at any time. The assets and liabilities associated with securities lending program are not subject to master netting arrangements and are not offset in the consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized losses on fixed maturity investments classified as available-for-sale - The following tables summarize unrealized investment losses, including the non-credit-related portion of OTTI losses reported in AOCI, by class of investment: December 31, 2015 Less than twelve months Twelve months or longer Total Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Fixed maturities: fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $ 1,357,822 $ 4,101 $ 23,604 $ 507 $ 1,381,426 $ 4,608 Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 267,581 7,903 — — 267,581 7,903 Foreign government securities 2,286 5 — — 2,286 5 Corporate debt securities 4,412,965 202,874 552,791 117,507 4,965,756 320,381 Asset-backed securities 247,082 4,372 182,404 8,990 429,486 13,362 Residential mortgage-backed securities — — 18,625 1,508 18,625 1,508 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 429,175 11,154 44,498 375 473,673 11,529 Collateralized debt obligations 9,054 58 — — 9,054 58 Total fixed maturities $ 6,725,965 $ 230,467 $ 821,922 $ 128,887 $ 7,547,887 $ 359,354 Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position 558 106 664 December 31, 2014 Less than twelve months Twelve months or longer Total Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Fixed maturities: fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $ 566,335 $ 503 $ 74,322 $ 991 $ 640,657 $ 1,494 Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 18,280 218 41,064 681 59,344 899 Foreign government securities 2,451 4 — — 2,451 4 Corporate debt securities 836,263 16,775 764,528 65,329 1,600,791 82,104 Asset-backed securities 88,312 849 200,072 12,853 288,384 13,702 Residential mortgage-backed securities 4,663 11 24,052 1,921 28,715 1,932 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 35,015 127 57,333 972 92,348 1,099 Collateralized debt obligations 10,465 209 — — 10,465 209 Total fixed maturities $ 1,561,784 $ 18,696 $ 1,161,371 $ 82,747 $ 2,723,155 $ 101,443 Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position 134 153 287 Fixed maturity investments - Total unrealized losses and OTTI increased by $257,911 , or 254% , from December 31, 2014 , to December 31, 2015 . The increase in unrealized losses was within corporate debt securities which have been influenced by market conditions with widening credit spreads resulting in generally lower valuations of these fixed maturity securities. Total unrealized losses greater than twelve months increased by $46,140 from December 31, 2014 , to December 31, 2015 . Corporate debt securities account for 91% , or $117,507 , of the unrealized losses and OTTI greater than twelve months at December 31, 2015 . Non-investment grade corporate debt securities account for $14,096 of the unrealized losses and OTTI greater than twelve months, and $10,222 of the losses are on perpetual debt investments issued by investment grade rated banks in the United Kingdom. Management does not have the intent to sell these assets; therefore, an OTTI was not recognized in earnings. Asset-backed securities account for 7% of the unrealized losses and OTTI greater than twelve months at December 31, 2015 . The present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is not less than amortized cost and management does not have the intent to sell these assets; therefore, an OTTI was not recognized in earnings. Other-than-temporary impairment recognition - The OTTI on fixed maturity securities where the loss portion is bifurcated and the credit related component is recognized in realized investment gains (losses) is summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Beginning balance $ 119,532 $ 167,961 $ 167,788 Additions: Initial impairments - credit loss on securities not previously impaired 759 — — Credit loss recognized on securities previously impaired — — 173 Reductions: Due to sales, maturities, or payoffs during the period (559 ) (646 ) — Due to increases in cash flows expected to be collected that are recognized over the remaining life of the security (17,389 ) (47,783 ) — Ending balance $ 102,343 $ 119,532 $ 167,961 Net Investment Income The following table summarizes net investment income: Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Investment income: Fixed maturity and short-term investments $ 796,133 $ 816,907 $ 766,367 Mortgage loans on real estate 150,284 149,497 147,944 Policy loans 206,081 207,013 206,718 Limited partnership interests 10,462 9,128 9,131 Net interest on funds withheld balances under reinsurance agreements, related party 22,165 21,295 20,876 Derivative instruments (1) 78,655 39,533 (44,610 ) Other 9,228 5,008 3,321 1,273,008 1,248,381 1,109,747 Investment expenses (18,578 ) (19,993 ) (18,358 ) Net investment income $ 1,254,430 $ 1,228,388 $ 1,091,389 (1) Includes gains (losses) on the hedged asset for fair value hedges. Realized Investment Gains (Losses) The following table summarizes realized investment gains (losses): Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Realized investment gains (losses): Fixed maturity and short-term investments $ 46,027 $ 54,219 $ 37,312 Derivative instruments 5,840 90,504 (62,077 ) Mortgage loans on real estate 31,841 6,857 10,895 Other 2 (4,209 ) (266 ) Realized investment gains (losses) $ 83,710 $ 147,371 $ (14,136 ) Included in net investment income and realized investment gains (losses) are amounts allocable to the participating fund account. This allocation is based upon the activity in a specific block of investments that are segmented for the benefit of the participating fund account. |