Summary of Investments | Summary of Investments The following tables summarize fixed maturity investments classified as available-for-sale and the non-credit-related component of OTTI in AOCI: December 31, 2017 Amortized Gross unrealized Gross unrealized Estimated fair value OTTI (gain) loss Fixed maturities: cost gains losses and carrying value included in AOCI (1) U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $ 1,837,748 $ 41,777 $ 7,883 $ 1,871,642 $ — Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 1,872,120 220,507 1,655 2,090,972 — Corporate debt securities (2) 15,234,473 581,991 110,377 15,706,087 (1,018 ) Asset-backed securities 1,622,806 105,301 10,131 1,717,976 (56,735 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 63,187 2,446 649 64,984 (140 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,352,906 17,692 12,989 1,357,609 — Collateralized debt obligations 779,722 4,227 80 783,869 — Total fixed maturities $ 22,762,962 $ 973,941 $ 143,764 $ 23,593,139 $ (57,893 ) (1) Indicates the amount of any OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI that is included in gross unrealized gains and losses. OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI, as presented above, includes both the initial recognition of non-credit losses and the effects of subsequent increases and decreases in estimated fair value for those fixed maturity securities with previous non-credit impairment. The non-credit loss component of OTTI (gain) loss was in an unrealized gain position due to increases in estimated fair value subsequent to initial recognition of non-credit losses on such securities. (2) Includes perpetual debt investments with amortized cost of $89,267 and estimated fair value of $87,348 . December 31, 2016 Amortized Gross unrealized Gross unrealized Estimated fair value OTTI (gain) loss Fixed maturities: cost gains losses and carrying value included in AOCI (1) U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $ 3,022,279 $ 47,791 $ 34,958 $ 3,035,112 $ — Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 1,890,568 214,411 6,317 2,098,662 — Corporate debt securities (2) 13,811,597 477,316 309,164 13,979,749 (1,488 ) Asset-backed securities 1,226,493 104,274 18,388 1,312,379 (72,464 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 138,292 3,867 1,167 140,992 23 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 1,222,257 23,207 20,182 1,225,282 — Collateralized debt obligations 361,241 339 53 361,527 — Total fixed maturities $ 21,672,727 $ 871,205 $ 390,229 $ 22,153,703 $ (73,929 ) (1) Indicates the amount of any OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI that is included in gross unrealized gains and losses. OTTI (gain) loss included in AOCI, as presented above, includes both the initial recognition of non-credit losses and the effects of subsequent increases and decreases in estimated fair value for those fixed maturity securities with previous non-credit impairment. The non-credit loss component of OTTI (gain) loss was in an unrealized gain position due to increases in estimated fair value subsequent to initial recognition of non-credit losses on such securities. (2) Includes perpetual debt investments with amortized cost of $135,187 and estimated fair value of $113,239 . See Note 8 for additional discussion regarding fair value measurements. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity investments classified as available-for-sale, based on estimated cash flows, are shown in the table below. Actual maturities will likely differ from these projections because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. December 31, 2017 Amortized cost Estimated fair value Maturing in one year or less $ 721,952 $ 735,235 Maturing after one year through five years 3,775,332 3,895,328 Maturing after five years through ten years 7,894,918 8,085,972 Maturing after ten years 5,064,983 5,455,996 Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities 5,305,777 5,420,608 Total fixed maturities $ 22,762,962 $ 23,593,139 Mortgage-backed (commercial and residential) and asset-backed securities include those issued by the U.S. government and U.S. agencies. The following table summarizes information regarding the sales of securities classified as available-for-sale: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Proceeds from sales $ 3,933,887 $ 4,541,303 $ 4,187,547 Gross realized gains from sales 64,885 84,305 47,965 Gross realized losses from sales 30,991 16,858 6,476 Mortgage loans on real estate - The following table summarizes the recorded investment of the mortgage loan portfolio by risk assessment category as of December 31, 2017 , and 2016 , respectively. December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Performing $ 4,005,960 $ 3,560,243 Non-performing — 1,465 Total $ 4,005,960 $ 3,561,708 The following table summarizes activity in the mortgage provision allowance: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Commercial mortgages Commercial mortgages Commercial mortgages Beginning balance $ 2,882 $ 2,890 $ 2,890 Provision increases 157 536 — Charge-off (663 ) — — Recovery (30 ) — — Provision decreases (1,573 ) (544 ) — Ending balance $ 773 $ 2,882 $ 2,890 Allowance ending balance by basis of impairment method: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 536 $ — Collectively evaluated for impairment 773 2,346 2,890 Recorded investment balance in the mortgage loan portfolio, gross of allowance, by basis of impairment method: $ 4,005,960 $ 3,561,708 $ 3,250,594 Individually evaluated for impairment 2,942 1,465 14,031 Collectively evaluated for impairment 4,003,018 3,560,243 3,236,563 Limited partnership and other corporation interests - At December 31, 2017 , and 2016 , the Company had $45,540 and $34,895 , respectively, invested in limited partnership and other corporation interests. Limited partnership interests represent the Company’s minority ownership interests in pooled investment funds that primarily make private equity investments across diverse industries and geographical focuses. The Company has determined its interest in each limited partnership to be considered a VIE. Consolidation is not required as the Company is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. The carrying value and maximum exposure to loss in relation to the activities of the VIEs was $45,540 and $32,444 at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Securities lending - The Company had no securities on loan under the program, and therefore no cash or securities held as collateral, at December 31, 2017 , and 2016 . Unrealized losses on fixed maturity investments classified as available-for-sale - The following tables summarize unrealized investment losses, including the non-credit-related portion of OTTI losses reported in AOCI, by class of investment: December 31, 2017 Less than twelve months Twelve months or longer Total Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Fixed maturities: fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $ 755,861 $ 4,159 $ 230,447 $ 3,724 $ 986,308 $ 7,883 Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 24,908 180 37,012 1,475 61,920 1,655 Corporate debt securities 2,229,585 19,568 2,036,323 90,809 4,265,908 110,377 Asset-backed securities 544,778 3,011 245,341 7,120 790,119 10,131 Residential mortgage-backed securities 4,405 23 11,416 626 15,821 649 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 342,820 2,451 295,164 10,538 637,984 12,989 Collateralized debt obligations 7,277 80 — — 7,277 80 Total fixed maturities $ 3,909,634 $ 29,472 $ 2,855,703 $ 114,292 $ 6,765,337 $ 143,764 Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position 368 293 661 December 31, 2016 Less than twelve months Twelve months or longer Total Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Fixed maturities: fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI fair value loss and OTTI U.S. government direct obligations and U.S. agencies $ 2,006,588 $ 34,752 $ 10,526 $ 206 $ 2,017,114 $ 34,958 Obligations of U.S. states and their subdivisions 216,154 5,922 10,498 395 226,652 6,317 Corporate debt securities 4,119,630 170,453 860,153 138,711 4,979,783 309,164 Asset-backed securities 316,065 6,971 230,331 11,417 546,396 18,388 Residential mortgage-backed securities 16,962 102 14,297 1,065 31,259 1,167 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 592,508 17,535 26,068 2,647 618,576 20,182 Collateralized debt obligations 160,612 53 — — 160,612 53 Total fixed maturities $ 7,428,519 $ 235,788 $ 1,151,873 $ 154,441 $ 8,580,392 $ 390,229 Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position 610 128 738 Fixed maturity investments - Total unrealized losses and OTTI decreased by $246,465 , or 63% , from December 31, 2016 , to December 31, 2017 . The majority, or $206,316 , of the decrease was in the less than twelve months category. The overall decrease in unrealized losses was across several asset classes and reflects lower interest rates at December 31, 2017 , compared to December 31, 2016 , resulting in generally higher valuations of these fixed maturity securities. Total unrealized losses greater than twelve months decreased by $40,149 from December 31, 2016 , to December 31, 2017 . Corporate debt securities account for 80% , or $90,809 , of the unrealized losses and OTTI greater than twelve months at December 31, 2017 . Non-investment grade corporate debt securities account for $6,244 of the unrealized losses and OTTI greater than twelve months. Management does not have the intent to sell these assets; therefore, an OTTI was not recognized in earnings. Asset-backed and commercial mortgage-backed securities account for 15% of the unrealized losses and OTTI greater than twelve months at December 31, 2017 . The present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is not less than amortized cost and management does not have the intent to sell these assets; therefore, an OTTI was not recognized in earnings. Other-than-temporary impairment recognition - The OTTI on fixed maturity securities where the loss portion is bifurcated and the credit related component is recognized in realized investment gains (losses) is summarized as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Beginning balance $ 83,665 $ 102,343 $ 119,532 Initial impairments - credit loss on securities not previously impaired — — 759 Reductions: Due to sales, maturities, or payoffs during the period — (1,785 ) (559 ) Due to increases in cash flows expected to be collected that are recognized over the remaining life of the security (21,434 ) (16,893 ) (17,389 ) Ending balance $ 62,231 $ 83,665 $ 102,343 Net Investment Income The following table summarizes net investment income: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Investment income: Fixed maturity and short-term investments $ 890,593 $ 819,047 $ 796,133 Mortgage loans on real estate 163,361 142,478 150,284 Policy loans 199,383 199,737 206,081 Limited partnership and other corporation interests 1,812 1,759 10,462 Net interest on funds withheld balances under reinsurance agreements, related party 21,813 22,045 22,165 Derivative instruments (1) (48,684 ) 100,007 78,655 Other 11,176 10,468 9,228 1,239,454 1,295,541 1,273,008 Investment expenses (19,401 ) (18,982 ) (18,578 ) Net investment income $ 1,220,053 $ 1,276,559 $ 1,254,430 (1) Includes gains (losses) on the hedged asset for fair value hedges. Realized Investment Gains (Losses) The following table summarizes realized investment gains (losses): Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Realized investment gains (losses): Fixed maturity and short-term investments $ 13,443 $ 87,108 $ 46,027 Derivative instruments 8,969 (5,318 ) 5,840 Mortgage loans on real estate 13,583 10,972 31,841 Limited partnership and other corporation interests 10,383 — — Other 25 120 2 Realized investment gains (losses) $ 46,403 $ 92,882 $ 83,710 Included in net investment income and realized investment gains (losses) are amounts allocable to the participating fund account. This allocation is based upon the activity in a specific block of investments that are segmented for the benefit of the participating fund account. |