Red Cat 10Q 2024 Q2 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended October 31, 2023

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission File Number: 000-31587

Red Cat Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada		88-0490034
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

15 Ave. Munoz Rivera, Ste 2200

San Juan, Puerto Rico

00901

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(833) 373-3228

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

__________________________________

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Trading

Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock

RCAT

Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☑	Smaller reporting company ☑
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of December 12, 2023, there were 74,162,655 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding.

Red Cat Holdings, Inc.

Form 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended October 31, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RED CAT HOLDINGS

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)


	October 31,			April 30,
	2023			2023
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash	$	1,408,977		$	3,173,649
Marketable securities		2,615,289			12,814,038
Accounts receivable, net		2,989,054			719,862
Inventory		9,255,698			8,920,573
Other		2,839,892			1,263,735
Current assets of discontinued operations		4,153,762			5,283,155
Total current assets		23,262,672			32,175,012

Goodwill		17,012,832			17,012,832
Intangible assets, net		6,888,269			7,323,004
Property and equipment, net		2,567,787			2,650,358
Other		303,180			303,180
Operating lease right-of-use assets		485,771			620,307
Long-term assets of discontinued operations		86,133			108,397
Total long-term assets		27,343,972			28,018,078

TOTAL ASSETS	$	50,606,644		$	60,193,090

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	1,618,351		$	1,392,550
Accrued expenses		643,224			409,439
Debt obligations - short term		953,819			922,138
Customer deposits		61,805			155,986
Operating lease liabilities		304,226			281,797
Warrant derivative liability		399,203			588,205
Current liabilities of discontinued operations		424,637			1,010,501
Total current liabilities		4,405,265			4,760,616

Operating lease liabilities		221,386			379,466
Debt obligations - long term		90,762			401,569
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations		14,356			41,814
Total long-term liabilities		326,504			822,849
Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders' equity
Series B preferred stock - shares authorized 4,300,000; outstanding 4,676 and 986,676		47			9,867
Common stock - shares authorized 500,000,000; outstanding 55,649,896 and 54,568,065		55,649			54,568
Additional paid-in capital		112,102,691			109,993,100
Accumulated deficit		(66,078,469	)		(54,586,793	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(205,043	)		(861,117	)
Total stockholders' equity		45,874,875			54,609,625
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	50,606,644		$	60,193,090

See accompanying notes.

RED CAT HOLDINGS

Consolidated Statements Of Operations

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended October 31,						Six months ended October 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenues	$	3,930,868		$	747,612		$	5,678,997		$	1,874,163

Cost of goods sold		2,730,286			623,761			4,303,750			1,668,192

Gross Margin		1,200,582			123,851			1,375,247			205,971

Operating Expenses
Operations		440,445			1,581,818			1,148,348			2,468,121
Research and development		1,987,890			1,266,956			3,126,017			1,716,920
Sales and marketing		675,490			563,756			1,662,398			970,709
General and administrative		1,460,073			1,815,314			2,903,229			2,877,718
Stock based compensation		1,196,325			1,246,796			2,107,931			2,002,267
Total operating expenses		5,760,223			6,474,640			10,947,923			10,035,735
Operating loss		(4,559,641	)		(6,350,789	)		(9,572,676	)		(9,829,764	)

Other (income) expense
Change in fair value of derivative liability		(162,482	)		(686,744	)		(189,002	)		(593,822	)
Investment loss (income), net		333,867			(92,711	)		573,357			(192,134	)
Interest expense		19,696			32,485			41,553			68,172
Other, net		331,095			227,163			651,008			311,204
Other (income) expense		522,176			(519,807	)		1,076,916			(406,580	)

Net loss from continuing operations		(5,081,817	)		(5,830,982	)		(10,649,592	)		(9,423,184	)

Loss from discontinued operations		(599,511	)		(413,495	)		(842,084	)		(632,892	)
Net loss	$	(5,681,328	)	$	(6,244,477	)	$	(11,491,676	)	$	(10,056,076	)

Loss per share - basic and diluted
Continuing operations	$	(0.09	)	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.19	)	$	(0.18	)
Discontinued operations		(0.01	)		(0.01	)		(0.02	)		(0.01	)
Loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.10	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.19	)

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted		55,606,336			54,078,111			55,270,838			53,928,133

See accompanying notes.

RED CAT HOLDINGS

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the three and six months ended October 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022

(Unaudited)


	Series B										Additional						Accumulated Other
	Preferred Stock						Common Stock				Paid-in			Accumulated			Comprehensive			Total
	Shares			Amount			Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Income (Loss)			Equity
Balances, April 30, 2022		986,676		$	9,867			53,748,735	$	53,749	$	106,821,384		$	(27,499,056	)	$	(1,470,272	)	$	77,915,672

Stock based compensation		—			—			—		—		755,471			—			—			755,471

Vesting of restricted stock units		—			—			69,707		69		(84,145	)		—			—			(84,076	)

Unrealized gain on marketable securities		—			—			—		—		—			—			133,582			133,582

Currency translation adjustments		—			—			—		—		—			—			352			352

Net loss		—			—			—		—		—			(3,811,599	)		—			(3,811,599	)

Balances, July 31, 2022		986,676		$	9,867			53,818,442	$	53,818	$	107,492,710		$	(31,310,655	)	$	(1,336,338	)	$	74,909,402

Stock based compensation		—			—			—		—		1,246,796			—			—			1,246,796

Vesting of restricted stock units		—			—			411,097		411		(332,794	)		—			—			(332,383	)

Unrealized loss on marketable securities		—			—			—		—		—			—			(350,811	)		(350,811	)

Currency translation adjustments		—			—			—		—		—			—			(1,256	)		(1,256	)

Net loss		—			—			—		—		—			(6,244,477	)		—			(6,244,477	)

Balances, October 31, 2022		986,676		$	9,867			54,229,539	$	54,229	$	108,406,712		$	(37,555,132	)	$	(1,688,405	)	$	69,227,271

Balances, April 30, 2023		986,676		$	9,867			54,568,065	$	54,568	$	109,993,100		$	(54,586,793	)	$	(861,117	)	$	54,609,625

Stock based compensation		—			—			—		—		911,606			—			—			911,606

Vesting of restricted stock units		—			—			155,476		155		(8,675	)		—			—			(8,520	)

Conversion of preferred stock		(982,000	)		(9,820	)		818,334		818		9,002			—			—			—

Unrealized gain on marketable securities		—			—			—		—		—			—			289,389			289,389

Currency translation adjustments		—			—			—		—		—			—			1,646			1,646

Net loss		—			—			—		—		—			(5,810,348	)		—			(5,810,348	)

Balances, July 31, 2023		4,676		$	47			55,541,875	$	55,541	$	110,905,033		$	(60,397,141	)	$	(570,082	)	$	49,993,398

Stock based compensation		—			—			—		—		1,196,325			—			—			1,196,325

Vesting of restricted stock units		—			—			54,786		55		(7,826	)		—			—			(7,771	)

Issuance of common stock through ATM facility, net		—			—			53,235		53		9,159			—			—			9,212

Unrealized gain on marketable securities		—			—			—		—		—			—			363,663			363,663

Currency translation adjustments		—			—			—		—		—			—			1,376			1,376

Net loss		—			—			—		—		—			(5,681,328	)		—			(5,681,328	)

Balances, October 31, 2023		4,676		$	47			55,649,896	$	55,649	$	112,102,691		$	(66,078,469	)	$	(205,043	)	$	45,874,875

See accompanying notes.

RED CAT HOLDINGS

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Six months ended October 31,
	2023			2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss	$	(11,491,676	)	$	(10,056,076	)
Net loss from discontinued operations		(842,084	)		(632,892	)
Net loss from continuing operations		(10,649,592	)		(9,423,184	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operations:
Stock based compensation - options		1,606,305			890,711
Stock awards - restricted units		501,626			1,111,556
Amortization of intangible assets		434,735			219,790
Realized loss from sale of marketable securities		646,300			28,416
Depreciation		222,431			91,804
Change in fair value of derivative		(189,002	)		(593,822	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		(2,269,192	)		(443,563	)
Inventory		(335,125	)		(1,119,484	)
Other		(1,576,157	)		(87,846	)
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities		(1,115	)		24,519
Customer deposits		(94,181	)		(248,016	)
Accounts payable		225,801			355,651
Accrued expenses		236,807			(334,004	)
Net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations		(11,240,359	)		(9,527,472	)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(139,860	)		(1,280,935	)
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities		10,205,501			13,241,836
Net cash provided by investing activities of continuing operations		10,065,641			11,960,901

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from related party obligations		—			13,404
Payments under related party obligations		—			(40,057	)
Payments under debt obligations		(279,126	)		(340,766	)
Payments of taxes related to equity transactions		(16,292	)		(561,407	)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock through ATM facility, net		9,212			—
Net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations		(286,206	)		(928,826	)

Discontinued operations
Operating activities		(550,120	)		(4,006,667	)
Investing activities		—			—
Financing activities		166,026			—
Net cash used in discontinued operations		(384,094	)		(4,006,667	)

Net decrease in Cash		(1,845,018	)		(2,502,064	)
Cash, beginning of period		3,260,305			4,084,815
Cash, end of period		1,415,287			1,582,751
Less: Cash of discontinued operations		(6,310	)		(90,810	)
Cash of continuing operations, end of period		1,408,977			1,491,941

Cash paid for interest		42,031			62,862
Cash paid for income taxes		—			—

Non-cash transactions
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities	$	653,052		$	(217,229	)
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock	$	9,820		$	—
Shares withheld as payment of note receivable	$	—		$	18,449
Taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards	$	—		$	9,448

See accompanying notes.

RED CAT HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature that are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial information included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 of Red Cat Holdings, Inc. (the "Company"), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on July 27, 2023.

Note 1 – The Business

Red Cat Holdings (“Red Cat” or the “Company”) was originally incorporated in February 1984. Since April 2016, the Company’s primary business has been to provide products, services, and solutions to the drone industry which it presently does through its four wholly owned subsidiaries. Beginning in January 2020, the Company expanded the scope of its drone products and services through four acquisitions, including:

In January 2020, the Company acquired Rotor Riot, a provider of First Person View (FPV) drones and equipment, primarily to consumers. The purchase price was $1,995,114.

In November 2020, the Company acquired Fat Shark Holdings, a provider of FPV video goggles to the drone industry. The purchase price was $8,354,076.

In May 2021, the Company acquired Skypersonic which provides hardware and software solutions that enable drones to complete inspection services in locations where GPS is either denied or not available, yet still record and transmit data even while being operated from thousands of miles away. The purchase price was $2,791,012.

In August 2021, the Company acquired Teal Drones, a leader in commercial and government UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) technology. The purchase price was $10,011,279.

Following the Teal acquisition in August 2021, we concentrate on integrating and organizing these businesses. Effective May 1, 2022, we established the Enterprise and Consumer segments to focus on the unique opportunities in each sector. Enterprise's initial strategy was to provide UAV's to commercial enterprises, and the military, to navigate dangerous military environments and confined industrial and commercial interior spaces. Subsequently, Enterprise narrowed its near-term attention on the military and other government agencies. Skypersonic's technology has been redirected to military applications and its operations consolidated into Teal. The Consumer segment, which includes Fat Shark and Rotor Riot, caters to hobbyists, drone racers, and enthusiasts. The reportable segments were established based on how our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), which is a committee comprised of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), manages our business, makes resource allocation and operating decisions, and evaluates operating performance. See “Note 21 - Segment Reporting”.

In November 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our Consumer segment to Unusual Machines, Inc. (or “Unusual Machines” or “UM”). The unadjusted sale price is $20 million, including $3 million in cash, at closing, and $17 million in securities of Unusual Machines plus a post-closing adjustment for excess working capital. The agreement reflects the Company's decision to focus its efforts and capital and defense where it believes that there are more opportunities to create long term shareholder value. The closing of the transaction is contingent upon Unusual Machines completing (i) an initial public offering that raises sufficient capital to close the transaction, and (ii) a listing on a public stock exchange such as the NYSE or Nasdaq.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Accounting – The financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been restated to conform to the current year presentation.

Principles of Consolidation – Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our wholly owned operating subsidiaries which include Teal Drones, Skypersonic, Rotor Riot, and Fat Shark. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

As further described in Note 3, we presently expect to sell our Consumer segment, which includes Rotor Riot and Fat Shark, within the next twelve months. Accordingly, the Consumer segment businesses are characterized as Discontinued Operations in these financial statements. The assets and liabilities of these entities have been presented separately in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as discontinued operations. Similarly, the operating results and cash flows of discontinued operations are separately stated in those respective financial statements.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates reflected in these financial statements include those used to (i) determine stock-based compensation, (ii) complete purchase price accounting for acquisitions, (iii) accounting for derivatives, (iv) reserves and allowances related to accounts receivable and inventory, and (v) the evaluation of long-term assets, including goodwill, for impairment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – At October 31, 2023, we had cash of $1,408,977 in multiple commercial banks and financial services companies. We have not experienced any loss on these cash balances and believe they are not exposed to any significant credit risk.

Marketable Securities – Our marketable securities have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale securities. These securities are primarily invested in corporate bonds and are readily saleable, and therefore, we have classified them as short term. Our available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of comprehensive income (loss). Once realized, any gains or losses are recognized in the statement of operations.

We have elected to present accrued interest income separately from marketable securities on our consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest income was $20,572 and $151,671 as of October 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023, respectively, and was included in other current assets. We did not write off any accrued interest income during the six months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022.

Accounts Receivable, net – Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less allowances for doubtful accounts. The Company's estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a multitude of factors, including historical bad debt levels for its customer base, experience with a specific customer, the economic environment, and other factors. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance when it is probable that the receivable will not be collected.

Inventories – Inventories, which consist of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and are measured using the first-in, first-out method. Cost components include direct materials and direct labor, as well as in-bound freight. At each balance sheet date, the Company evaluates the net realizable value of its inventory using various reference measures including current product selling prices and recent customer demand, as well as evaluating for excess quantities and obsolescence.

Goodwill and Long-lived Assets – Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired in an acquisition that are not individually identified and separately recognized. We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350”). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. ASC 350 provides that an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform an impairment test. The impairment test involves comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

The estimate of fair value of a reporting unit is computed using either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of both. Under the income approach, we utilize the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. Significant assumptions inherent in estimating the fair values include the estimated future cash flows, growth assumptions for future revenues (including gross margin, operating expenses, and capital expenditures), and a rate used to discount estimated future cash flow projections to their present value based on estimated weighted average cost of capital (i.e., the selected discount rate). Our assumptions are based on historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, and management’s plans. Under the market approach, fair value is derived from metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions of comparable businesses. The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the reporting units operate and consider risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services.

Goodwill for Rotor Riot relates to its strong social media presence including more than 200,000 YouTube subscribers. Goodwill for Fat Shark is attributable to its relationship with manufacturing sources in China and the potential to integrate its goggle technologies with the Teal drone. Goodwill for Teal is ascribed to its existing relationship with several U.S. government agencies including its classification as an approved vendor. The Company expects that the Goodwill recognized in each transaction will be deductible for tax purposes. The Company has reported net losses since its inception and is presently unable to determine when and if the tax benefit of this deduction will be realized.

Property and equipment – Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation which is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. The estimated useful lives of our property and equipment are generally: (i) furniture and fixtures - seven years, (ii) equipment and related - two to five years, and (iii) leasehold improvements - 15 years.

Leases – Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842 requires the recognition of assets and liabilities associated with lease agreements. The Company determines if a contract is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities are measured, on each reporting date, based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the remaining lease term. The Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate. Therefore, the Company uses an effective discount rate of 12% based on its last debt financing. Operating lease assets are measured by adjusting the lease liability for lease incentives, initial direct costs incurred and asset impairments. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term with the operating lease asset reduced by the amount of the expense. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate a lease when they are reasonably certain to occur.

Fair Values, Inputs and Valuation Techniques for Financial Assets and Liabilities, and Related Disclosures – The fair value measurements and disclosure guidance defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In accordance with this guidance, the Company has categorized its recurring basis financial assets and liabilities into a three-level fair value hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique.

The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date;

Level 2: Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data.

Disclosures for Non-Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company's financial instruments mainly consist of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and debt. The carrying amounts of these instruments approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.

Convertible Securities and Derivatives

When the Company issues convertible debt or equity instruments that contain embedded derivative instruments that are to be bifurcated and accounted for as liabilities, the total proceeds from the convertible host instruments are first allocated to the bifurcated derivative instruments. The remaining proceeds, if any, are then allocated to the convertible instruments themselves, resulting in those instruments being recorded at a discount from their face value but no lower than zero. Any excess amount is recognized as a derivative expense.

Derivative Liabilities

The Company has issued financial instruments which include embedded features subject to derivative accounting. Specifically, there are warrants outstanding, issued in connection with a convertible debt financing, which include provisions under which the exercise price is equal to the lesser of (i) $1.50 or (ii) the exercise or conversion price of securities issued in a future, qualified offering. Embedded derivatives are valued separately from the host instrument and are recognized as liabilities on the Company's balance sheet. The warrants are valued using a multinomial lattice method that values the derivative liability based on a probability weighted discounted cash flow model. The liability is valued at each reporting date and the change in liability is reflected as a change in derivative liability in the statement of operations.

Revenue Recognition – The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). This standard includes a comprehensive evaluation of factors to be considered regarding revenue recognition including (i) identifying the promised goods, (ii) evaluating performance obligations, (iii) measuring the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations if there are multiple components, and (v) recognizing revenue as each obligation is satisfied. The Company’s revenue transactions include a single component, specifically, the shipment of goods to customers as orders are fulfilled. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment. The timing of the shipment of orders can vary considerably depending upon whether an order is for an item normally maintained in inventory or an order that requires assembly or unique parts. Customer deposits totaled $61,805 and $155,986 at October 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023, respectively.

Research and Development – Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, and other headcount-related expenses associated with product development. Research and development expenses also include third-party development and programming costs, as well as a proportionate share of overhead costs such as rent.

Income Taxes – Deferred taxes are provided on the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Management does not believe that recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Currency – The functional currency of our international subsidiary, Skyset, is the local Italian currency. For that subsidiary, we translate assets and liabilities to U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates, and average monthly exchange rates for revenues, costs, and expenses. We record translation gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Comprehensive Loss – Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive loss refers to gains and losses that are recorded as an element of stockholders' equity but are excluded from net loss. Our other comprehensive loss is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities. During the six months ended October 31, 2023, comprehensive loss was $656,074 lower than net loss, primarily related to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities totaling $653,052, and foreign currency translation adjustments of $3,022. During the six months ended October 31, 2022, comprehensive loss was $218,133 higher than net loss, primarily related to unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities totaling $217,229, and foreign currency translation adjustments of $904.

Stock-Based Compensation – Stock options are valued using the estimated grant-date fair value method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. Fair value is determined based on the Black-Scholes Model using inputs reflecting our estimates of expected volatility, term and future dividends. We recognize forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of restricted stock is based on our stock price on the date of grant. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period which is the vesting term.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share – Basic and diluted net loss per share has been calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock because they were anti-dilutive. The conversion or exercise of these common stock equivalents would dilute earnings per share if we become profitable in the future. Outstanding securities not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive include:

	October 31, 2023		April 30, 2023
Series B Preferred Stock, as converted		3,896		822,230
Stock options		6,861,517		4,784,809
Warrants		1,539,999		1,539,999
Restricted stock		779,850		781,060
Total		9,185,262		7,928,098

Related Parties – Parties are considered to be related to us if they have control or significant influence, directly or indirectly, over us, including key management personnel and members of the Board of Directors. Related Party transactions are disclosed in Note 20.

Segment Reporting

Since January 2020, we have acquired four separate businesses operating in various aspects of the drone industry. Following the Teal acquisition in August 2021, we focused on integrating and organizing these businesses. Effective May 1, 2022, we established the Enterprise and Consumer segments to focus on the unique opportunities in each sector. Enterprise's initial strategy was to provide UAV's to commercial enterprises, and the military, to navigate dangerous military environments and confined industrial and commercial interior spaces. Subsequently, Enterprise narrowed its near-term attention on the military and other government agencies. Skypersonic's technology has been redirected to military applications and its operations consolidated into Teal. The Consumer segment, which includes Fat Shark and Rotor Riot, caters to hobbyists, drone racers, and enthusiasts. The reportable segments were established based on how our CODM manages our business, makes resource allocation and operating decisions, and evaluates operating performance. See “Note 21 - Segment Reporting”.

Liquidity and Going Concern – The Company has never been profitable and its net losses have been increasing related to acquisitions, as well as costs incurred to pursue its long-term growth strategy. During the six months ended October 31, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss from continuing operations of $10,649,592 and used cash in operating activities of continuing operations of $11,240,359. As of October 31, 2023, working capital for continuing operations totaled $15,128,282. These financial results and our financial position at October 31, 2023 raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. However, the Company has recently taken actions to strengthen its liquidity. On December 11, 2023, we closed an offering of 18,400,000 shares of common stock which generated net proceeds of approximately $8,400,000 as further described in Note 24. In addition, the Company’s operating plan for the next twelve months has been updated to reflect recent operating improvements. Revenues have accelerated and are expected to continue growing. The Company’s new manufacturing facility is scaling production and gross margins are projected to increase. Management has concluded that these recent positive developments alleviate any substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue its operations, and meet its financial obligations, for twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements are issued. See “Note 24 – Subsequent Events”.

Note 3 – Discontinued Operations – Sale of Consumer Segment

In November 2022, the Company agreed to the sale of its Consumer segment consisting of Rotor Riot, (“RR”), and Fat Shark Holdings (“FS”). The closing of the transaction is subject to the successful initial public offering by the buyer, Unusual Machines, Inc. The Company has concluded that the transaction is presently likely to close within the next twelve months. Accordingly, the Consumer segment has been classified as Discontinued Operations and reported in accordance with the applicable accounting standards. See Note 22 for additional information regarding the transaction. Set forth below are the results of operations for the Consumer segment for:


	Three months ended October 31,						Six months ended October 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenues	$	1,056,932		$	782,850		$	2,926,151		$	2,725,570

Cost of goods sold		1,154,200			673,046			2,539,316			2,340,259

Gross Margin		(97,268	)		109,804			386,835			385,311

Operating Expenses
Operations		173,825			171,055			383,805			332,838
Research and development		31,054			87,958			77,303			170,764
Sales and marketing		287,413			168,013			691,517			363,291
General and administrative		9,982			104,323			53,588			159,484
Total operating expenses		502,274			531,349			1,206,213			1,026,377
Operating loss		(599,542	)		(421,545	)		(819,378	)		(641,066	)

Other (income) expense
Interest expense		—			—			22,856			—
Other, net		(31	)		(8,050	)		(150	)		(8,174	)
Other (income) expense		(31	)		(8,050	)		22,706			(8,174	)

Net loss from discontinued operations	$	(599,511	)	$	(413,495	)	$	(842,084	)	$	(632,892	)

Assets and liabilities for the Consumer segment included:

	October 31, 2023		April 30, 2023
Current assets
Cash	$	6,310	$	86,656
Accounts receivable, net		44,431		61,107
Inventory		2,599,022		3,065,954
Other		1,503,999		2,069,438
Total current assets		4,153,762		5,283,155

Intangible assets, net		20,000		20,000
Other		3,853		3,853
Operating lease right-of-use assets		62,280		84,544
Total long term assets		86,133		108,397

Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	64,777	$	606,872
Accrued expenses		96,838		109,480
Debt obligations - short term		166,026		—
Customer deposits		43,936		244,688
Operating lease liabilities		53,060		49,461
Total current liabilities		424,637		1,010,501

Long term liabilities - Operating lease liabilities		14,356		41,814

Working capital	$	3,729,125	$	4,272,654

Note 4 – Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consisted solely of corporate bonds at October 31, 2023 and were classified at Level 2 in the Fair Value Hierarchy. Fair value, cost basis, and unrealized losses totaled $2,615,289, $2,826,402, and $211,113 at October 31, 2023, respectively. Contractual maturities of one to three years totaled $2,615,289.

Note 5 – Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following:

	October 31, 2023		April 30, 2023
Raw materials	$	7,804,167	$	8,132,196
Work-in-process		1,327,888		509,381
Finished goods		123,643		278,996
Total	$	9,255,698	$	8,920,573

Note 6 – Other Current Assets

Other current assets included:

	October 31, 2023		April 30, 2023
Prepaid inventory	$	1,616,111	$	359,500
Prepaid expenses		1,203,209		752,564
Accrued interest income		20,572		151,671
Total	$	2,839,892	$	1,263,735

Note 7 – Due From Related Party

In January 2022, the Company determined that a senior executive had relocated in 2021 but their compensation had not been subject to the income tax withholding required by the new jurisdiction. The amount subject to taxation included $155,624 of cash compensation and $1,413,332 of income associated with the vesting of restricted stock ("Stock Compensation"). In March 2022, the Company entered into a note agreement (the "Note") with the employee in the amount of $510,323, representing the estimated taxes owed by the employee related to the Stock Compensation. Under the terms of the Note, 104,166 shares of common stock with a fair value of $280,832, which had vested during calendar 2021, were withheld by the Company and applied against the Note. The employee agreed not to sell or transfer 110,983 shares of common stock held at the Company's transfer agent until the Note was repaid. In addition, the employee has 20,833 shares of restricted stock vesting monthly in calendar 2022, of which 3,000 shares were withheld with the fair value of those shares applied against the Note. Shares issued to the employee in 2022 were held at the transfer agent until the Note was repaid. The Note matured on December 31, 2022. The Company filed amended payroll tax returns on March 16, 2022. In March and April 2022, the Company made payments to the relevant tax authorities totaling $712,646 representing $510,323 owed by the employee, $31,604 owed by the Company, and $170,719 of penalties and interest. The Note was repaid in full in August 2022.

Note 8 – Intangible Assets

Intangible assets relate to acquisitions completed by the Company, including those described in Note 1, and were as follows:


	October 31, 2023							April 30, 2023
	Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Value		Gross Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Value
Proprietary technology	$	4,967,000	$	(1,259,673	)	$	3,707,327	$	4,967,000	$	(841,223	)	$	4,125,777
Non-compete agreements		81,000		(70,167	)		10,833		81,000		(56,667	)		24,333
Customer relationships		39,000		(20,891	)		18,109		39,000		(18,106	)		20,894
Total finite-lived assets		5,087,000		(1,350,731	)		3,736,269		5,087,000		(915,996	)		4,171,004
Brand name		3,152,000		—			3,152,000		3,152,000		—			3,152,000
Total indefinite-lived assets		3,152,000		—			3,152,000		3,152,000		—			3,152,000
Total intangible assets, net	$	8,239,000	$	(1,350,731	)	$	6,888,269	$	8,239,000	$	(915,996	)	$	7,323,004

Proprietary technology and non-compete agreements are being amortized over five to six years and three years, respectively. Customer relationships are being amortized over seven years. Goodwill and Brand name are not amortized but evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis.

As of October 31, 2023, expected amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:

Fiscal Year Ended:
	2024	$	432,070
	2025		842,471
	2026		815,271
	2027		786,679
	2028		644,833
	Thereafter		214,945
	Total	$	3,736,269

Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired in an acquisition that are not individually identified and separately recognized. The composition of, and changes in goodwill, consist of:

Date	Acquisition	Goodwill
January 2020	Rotor Riot	$	1,849,073
November 2020	Fat Shark		6,168,260
May 2021	Skypersonic		2,826,918
August 2021	Teal Drones		8,995,499
April 2023 - Impairment loss	Skypersonic		(2,826,918	)
Balance at April 30, 2023 and October 31, 2023		$	17,012,832

Following the establishment of the Enterprise and Consumer segments, management evaluated the long-term business strategy of each segment. This resulted in the Enterprise segment narrowing its focus on the military and other government agencies. It was determined that Skypersonic's technology would be re-focused for the near term on military applications and consolidated into the operations of Teal Drones. The Company completes a formal evaluation of the carrying value of its intangible assets, including goodwill, at the end of each fiscal year. Based on (i) the operating results for Skypersonic since its acquisition in May 2021, (ii) its consolidation into Teal, (iii) our current expectations of its future business conditions and trends, including its projected revenues, expenses, and cash flows, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $2,826,918 in April 2023.

Note 9 – Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of assets with an estimated useful life greater than one year and are reported net of accumulated depreciation. The reported values are periodically assessed for impairment, and were as follows:

	October 31, 2023			April 30, 2023
Equipment and related	$	1,426,424		$	1,386,373
Leasehold improvements		1,548,609			1,473,890
Furniture and fixtures		157,842			132,752
Accumulated depreciation		(565,088	)		(342,657	)
Net carrying value	$	2,567,787		$	2,650,358

Depreciation expense totaled $222,431 and $91,804 for the six months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note 10 – Other Long-Term Assets

Other long-term assets included:

	October 31, 2023		April 30, 2023
SAFE agreement	$	250,000	$	250,000
Security deposits		53,180		53,180
Total	$	303,180	$	303,180

In November 2022, the Company entered into a SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) agreement with Firestorm Labs, Inc. (“Firestorm”) under which it made a payment of $250,000 to Firestorm in exchange for the right to certain shares of Firestorm stock. The SAFE permits the Company to participate in a future equity financing of Firestorm by converting the $250,000 into shares of Preferred Stock of Firestorm. If there is a change in control of Firestorm or a public offering of shares of its stock, then the Company shall have the right to receive cash payments, or shares of stock, whichever has greater value. The Company’s investment in the SAFE agreement has been recorded on the cost method of accounting. The Company plans to evaluate the investment for any indications of impairment in value on a quarterly basis. No factors indicative of impairment were identified during the six months ended October 31, 2023.

Note 11 – Operating Leases

As of October 31, 2023, the Company had operating type leases for real estate and no finance type leases. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of up to 3.58 years, some of which may include options to extend for up to 5 years. Operating lease expense totaled $170,505 for the six months ended October 31, 2023, including period cost for short-term, cancellable, and variable leases, not included in lease liabilities, of $3,300 for the six months ended October 31, 2023.

Leases on which the Company made rent payments during the reporting period included:

Location	Monthly Rent		Expiration
South Salt Lake, Utah	$	22,667		December 2024
San Juan, Puerto Rico	$	5,647		June 2027
Troy, Michigan	$	550		May 2022

Supplemental information related to operating leases for the six months ended October 31, 2023 was:


Operating cash paid to settle lease liabilities			$171,620
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)			2.12
Weighted average discount rate			12%

Future lease payments at October 31, 2023 were as follows:

Fiscal Year Ended:
	2024		174,542
	2025		260,743
	2026		76,619
	2027		79,300
	2028		6,627
	Total	$	597,831

Note 12 – Debt Obligations

Decathlon Capital

On August 31, 2021, Teal entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement with Decathlon Alpha IV, L.P. (“DA4”) in the amount of $1,670,294 (the “Loan”), representing the outstanding principal amount previously due and owing by Teal to DA4. Interest on the Loan accrues at a rate of ten (10%) percent per annum. Principal and interest is payable in monthly installments of $49,275 until maturity on December 31, 2024. The balance outstanding at October 31, 2023 totaled $639,663.

Pelion Note

In May 2021, Teal entered into a note agreement totaling $350,000 which is payable upon demand. The Note bears interest at the applicable Federal Rate as of the date of the Note which was 0.13% on the date of issuance. Accrued interest totaled $1,107 at October 31, 2023.

Vendor Agreement

In connection with the acquisition of Teal on August 31, 2021, the Company assumed an obligation with a contract manufacturing firm. The assumed balance of $387,500 was repaid in monthly installments of $37,500 and paid in full in July 2022.

SBA Loan

In February 2021, Teal received a Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program (“SBA PPP”) loan in the amount of $300,910. The loan was unsecured, non-recourse, and accrued interest at one percent annually. The loan was used to fund qualifying payroll, rent and utilities. In February 2022, the principal balance of $300,910 and accrued interest of $3,001 were forgiven.

Corporate Equity

Beginning in October 2021, and amended in January 2022, Teal financed a total of $120,000 of leasehold improvements with Corporate Equity. The loan bears interest at 8.25% annually and requires monthly payments of $3,595 through December 2024. The balance outstanding at October 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023 totaled $47,442 and $66,586 respectively.

Revenue Financing Arrangement

In April 2021, Teal entered into an agreement under which it sold future customer payments, at a discount, to Forward Financing. At August 31, 2021, the Company assumed the outstanding balance of $38,758. Repayment of the remaining balance was completed in January 2022.

Ascentium Capital

In September 2021, Teal entered into a financing agreement with Ascentium Capital to fund the purchase of a fixed asset totaling $24,383. Monthly payments of $656 are payable through October 2024. The balance outstanding at October 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023 totaled $7,476 and $11,412 respectively.

Summary

Outstanding principal payments on debt obligations are due as follows:

Fiscal 2024		643,012
Fiscal 2025		401,569
Total	$	1,044,581
Short term – through October 31, 2024	$	953,819
Long term – thereafter	$	90,762

Note 13 – Due to Related Party

BRIT, LLC

In January 2020, in connection with the acquisition of Rotor Riot, the Company assumed a line of credit obligation of the seller, BRIT, LLC, totaling $47,853 which bore interest at 6.67% annually. The remaining balance of $37,196 plus accrued interest totaling $292 was paid in October 2022.

Note 14 – Income Taxes

Our operating subsidiary, Red Cat Propware, Inc., is incorporated and based in Puerto Rico which is a commonwealth of the United States. We are not subject to taxation by the United States as Puerto Rico has its own taxing authority. Since inception, we have incurred net losses in each year of operations. Our current provision for the reporting periods presented in these financial statements consisted of a tax benefit against which we applied a full valuation allowance, resulting in no current provision for income taxes. In addition, there was no deferred provision for any of these reporting periods.

At October 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023, we had accumulated deficits of approximately $66,100,000 and $54,600,000, respectively. Deferred tax assets related to the future benefit of these net operating losses for tax purposes totaled approximately $12,229,000 and $10,101,000, respectively, calculated using the base Puerto Rico corporate tax rate of 18.5%. Currently, we focus on projected future taxable income in evaluating whether it is more likely than not that these deferred assets will be realized. Based on the fact that we have not generated an operating profit since inception, we have applied a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets at October 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023.

Note 15 – Common Stock

Our common stock has a par value of $0.001 per share. We are authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. A summary of shares of common stock issued by the Company since April 30, 2022 is as follows:

Description of Shares	Shares Issued
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2022		53,748,735
Vesting of restricted stock to employees, net of shares withheld of 273,874 to pay taxes and 9,000 to repay a Note		653,308
Vesting of restricted stock to Board of Directors		116,507
Vesting of restricted stock to consultants		9,683
Shares issued for services		39,832
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2023		54,568,065
Vesting of restricted stock to employees, net of shares withheld of 18,935 to pay taxes		94,971
Vesting of restricted stock to Board of Directors		113,530
Vesting of restricted stock to consultants		1,761
Conversion of preferred stock		818,334
Issuance of common stock through ATM facilities		53,235
Shares outstanding as of October 31, 2023		55,649,896

ATM Facility

In August 2023, we entered into a sales agreement (“the 2023 ATM Facility”) with ThinkEquity LLC (“ThinkEquity”), which provides for the sale, in our sole discretion, of shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $17 million through ThinkEquity, as our sales agent. The issuance and sale of these shares by us pursuant to the 2023 ATM Facility are deemed “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and are registered under the Securities Act. We pay a commission of up to 2.5% of gross sales proceeds of any common stock sold under the 2023 ATM Facility.

During the six months ended October 31, 2023, we sold an aggregate of 53,235 shares of common stock under the 2023 ATM Facility, at an average price of $1.07 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $57,000 and net proceeds of approximately $55,700, after deducting commissions and other offering expenses payable by us. Additionally, the Company incurred legal fees of approximately $46,000 establishing the 2023 ATM Facility. As of October 31, 2023, approximately $16,943,000 of common stock remained available to be sold under the 2023 ATM Facility, subject to certain conditions as specified in the sales agreement.

Subsequent to the quarter ended October 31, 2023, in December 2023, the terms of the 2023 ATM Facility were amended to change the aggregate offering price to up to $4,375,000.

Note 16 – Preferred Stock

Series B Preferred Stock (“Series B Stock”) is convertible into common stock at a ratio of 0.8334 shares of common stock for each share of Series B Stock held and votes together with the common stock on an as-if-converted basis. 982,000 shares of Series B Stock were converted into 818,334 shares of common stock in June 2023. Shares outstanding at October 31, 2023 totaled 4,676 which are convertible into 3,896 shares of common stock.

Note 17 – Warrants

The Company issued 5 year warrants to investors in connection with two convertible note financings. The warrants have an initial exercise price of $1.50 which may be reduced to a 25% discount of the price per share of Common Stock offered in a future qualified offering. The warrants were valued using the multinominal lattice model and are considered derivative liabilities under ASC 815-40. The value of the warrants was included in the determination of the initial accounting for each financing including the calculation of the derivative liability and related expense.

A summary of the warrants issued and their fair values were:


		Upon Issuance				Outstanding at October 31, 2023
Date of Transaction		Number of Warrants		Initial Fair Value		Number of Warrants		Fair Value
	October 2020		399,998	$	267,999		266,666	$	125,613
	January 2021		675,000	$	2,870,666		540,000	$	273,590

To date, we have received $301,248 related to the exercise of 268,332 warrants. These exercises eliminated the derivative liability in these warrants, resulting in a decrease of $857,446 in the derivative liability with a corresponding increase in additional paid in capital.

In May 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock to the placement agent of its common stock offering. The warrants have a five-year term and an exercise price of $5.00.

In July 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase 533,333 shares of common stock to the placement agent of its common stock offering. The warrants have a five-year term and an exercise price of $5.625.

There have been no issuances or exercises of warrants since April 30, 2022. The key attributes of the 1,539,999 warrants outstanding, which have a weighted average exercise price of $3.38, are as follows:

	Weighted-average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
April 30, 2022	3.89	$427,533
April 30, 2023	2.89	$—
October 31, 2023	2.38	$—

Note 18 – Share Based Awards

The 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Plan") allows us to incentivize key employees, consultants, and directors with long term compensation awards such as stock options, restricted stock, and restricted stock units (collectively, the "Awards"). The number of shares issuable in connection with Awards under the Plan may not exceed 11,750,000.

Options

The range of assumptions used to calculate the fair value of options granted during the six months ended October 31 was:

		2023		2022
Exercise Price	$	0.95 – 1.12	$	2.38
Stock price on date of grant		0.95 – 1.12		2.38
Risk-free interest rate		3.47 – 4.34%		3.34%
Dividend yield		—		—
Expected term (years)		6.00 – 8.25		8.25
Volatility		242.38 – 260.22%		260.06%

A summary of options activity under the Plan since April 30, 2022 was:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of April 30, 2022		3,694,142		$	2.17		8.56		1,407,545
Granted		1,503,500			1.40
Exercised		—			—
Forfeited or expired		(412,833	)		2.67
Outstanding as of April 30, 2023		4,784,809			1.88		8.72		74,586
Granted		2,541,042			1.01
Exercised		—			—
Forfeited or expired		(464,334	)		2.43
Outstanding as of October 31, 2023		6,861,517			1.52		8.54		57,374
Exercisable as of October 31, 2023		3,261,527		$	1.91		6.96	$	57,374

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options represents the excess of the stock price at the indicated date over the exercise price of each option. As of October 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, there was $2,712,605 and $3,277,073 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average periods of 2.12 and 1.24 years, respectively.

Restricted Stock

A summary of restricted stock activity under the Plan since April 30, 2022 was:

	Shares			Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2022		1,083,675		$	2.59
Granted		780,884			2.14
Vested		(1,062,372	)		2.42
Forfeited		(21,127	)		2.13
Unvested and outstanding as of April 30, 2023		781,060			2.44
Granted		298,643			1.06
Vested		(229,197	)		1.92
Forfeited		(70,656	)		1.25
Unvested and outstanding as of October 31, 2023		779,850		$	2.11

Stock Compensation

Stock compensation expense by functional operating expense was:


	Three months ended October 31,				Six months ended October 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operations	$	238,522	$	225,879	$	429,621	$	384,310
Research and development		147,629		209,497		275,046		354,295
Sales and marketing		208,903		162,269		374,212		269,343
General and administrative		601,271		649,151		1,029,052		994,319
Total	$	1,196,325	$	1,246,796	$	2,107,931	$	2,002,267

Stock compensation expense pertaining to options totaled $1,606,305 and $890,711 for the six months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Stock compensation expense pertaining to restricted stock units totaled $501,626 and $1,111,556 for the six months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note 19 – Derivatives

The Company has completed financings which included notes and warrants containing embedded features subject to derivative accounting. Both the notes and the warrants included provisions which provided for a reduction in the conversion and exercise prices, respectively, if the Company completed a future qualified offering at a lower price. These provisions represent embedded derivatives which are valued separately from the host instrument (meaning the notes and warrants) and recognized as derivative liabilities on the Company's balance sheet. The Company initially measures these financial instruments at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations during the period of change. The Company also measures these financial instruments on the date of settlement (meaning when the note is converted, or the warrant is exercised) at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations. Any discount in the carrying value of the note is fully amortized on the date of settlement and recognized as interest expense. The Company estimated the fair value of these embedded derivatives using a multinomial lattice model. The range of underlying assumptions used in the binomial model to determine the fair value of the derivative warrant liability upon settlement of the derivative liability and as of October 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023 are set forth below. In addition, the Company's stock price on each measurement date was used in the model.

	October 31, 2023	April 30, 2023
Risk-free interest rate	4.88 – 5.54%	2.83 – 4.51%
Expected dividend yield	—	—
Expected term (in years)	1.92 – 2.50	2.42 – 3.50
Expected volatility	80.69 – 107.90%	138.49 – 235.23%

As of October 31, 2023, all of the notes had been converted into common stock and 806,666 of the warrants were outstanding. Changes in the derivative liability during the six months ended October 31, 2023 and the year ended April 30, 2023 were as follows:

	October 31, 2023			April 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	588,205		$	1,607,497
Additions		—			—
Eliminated upon conversion of notes/exercise of warrants		—			—
Changes in fair value		(189,002	)		(1,019,292	)
Balance, end of period	$	399,203		$	588,205

Changes in fair value primarily relate to changes in the Company’s stock price during the period, with increases in the stock price increasing the liability and decreases in the stock price reducing the liability.

Note 20 - Related-Party Transactions

In July 2021, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a director resulting in monthly payments of $6,000. In addition, the Company issued 150,000 options to purchase common stock at $2.51 which vested quarterly over the one-year term of the agreement. In January 2022, the agreement was amended to increase the monthly payments to $10,000. The agreement expired in June 2022.

In January 2022, the Company entered into a note agreement with an employee in the principal amount of $510,323, as further described in Note 7.

Additional related party transactions are disclosed in Note 13 and Note 22.

Note 21 - Segment Reporting

The following table sets forth key operating data and asset categories which are reviewed by our CODM in evaluating the operating performance of each segment:


	For the six months ended October 31, 2023
	Enterprise			Consumer			Corporate			Total
Revenues	$	5,678,997		$	2,926,151		$	—		$	8,605,148
Cost of goods sold		4,303,750			2,539,316			—			6,843,066
Gross margin		1,375,247			386,835			—			1,762,082

Operating expenses		6,494,296			1,206,213			4,453,627			12,154,136
Operating loss		(5,119,049	)		(819,378	)		(4,453,627	)		(10,392,054	)

Other expenses, net		257,824			22,706			819,092			1,099,622
Net loss	$	(5,376,873	)	$	(842,084	)		(5,272,719	)	$	(11,491,676	)


	For the six months ended October 31, 2022
	Enterprise			Consumer			Corporate			Total
Revenues	$	1,874,163		$	2,725,570		$	—		$	4,599,733
Cost of goods sold		1,668,192			2,340,259			—			4,008,451
Gross margin		205,971			385,311			—			591,282

Operating expenses		5,276,977			1,026,377			4,758,758			11,062,112
Operating loss		(5,071,006	)		(641,066	)		(4,758,758	)		(10,470,830	)

Other expenses, net		159,244			(8,174	)		(565,824	)		(414,754	)
Net loss	$	(5,230,250	)	$	(632,892	)	$	(4,192,934	)	$	(10,056,076	)


	As of October 31, 2023
	Enterprise		Consumer		Corporate		Total
Accounts receivable, net	$	2,989,054	$	44,431	$	—	$	3,033,485
Inventory, net		9,255,698		2,599,022		—		11,854,720
Inventory deposits	$	1,616,111	$	1,503,999	$	—	$	3,120,110


	As of April 30, 2023
	Enterprise		Consumer		Corporate		Total
Accounts receivable, net	$	719,862	$	61,107	$	—	$	780,969
Inventory, net		8,920,573		3,065,954		—		11,986,527
Inventory deposits	$	359,500	$	2,062,038	$	—	$	2,421,538

Note 22 - Sale of Consumer Segment

In November 2022, the Board of Directors approved a Stock Purchase Agreement (the "SPA") between the Company, Unusual Machines and Jeffrey Thompson, the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, related to the sale of the Company’s Consumer segment consisting of Rotor Riot, (“RR”), and Fat Shark Holdings (“FS”), to UM. In March 2023, shareholders approved the sale. Mr. Thompson is a significant shareholder in Unusual Machines.

The final, amended purchase price of $20 million includes $1 million in cash, payable at closing, a $2 million secured promissory note, with the remaining $17 million consisting of shares of common stock of Unusual Machines. The purchase price will be adjusted for working capital on the closing date (increased for positive working capital and decreased for negative working capital). The Company estimates that working capital at closing will range between $3.0 to $4.5 million. The number of shares of UM’s common stock (the “Unusual Common Stock”) to be issued will be based on the initial public offering price for the Unusual Common Stock. All of the Unusual Common Stock will be subject to a lock-up of 180 days and be eligible for registration. The closing of the SPA is subject to the successful completion of an initial public offering (the “IPO”) by UM in the minimum amount of $5 million, and the listing of UM’s common stock on a public stock exchange such as the NYSE or Nasdaq. UM filed a registration statement on Form S-1 for an initial public offering of its Common Stock with the SEC.

Note 23 – Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we may be involved, at times, in various legal proceedings involving a variety of matters. We do not believe there are any pending legal proceedings that will have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, the outcome of such legal matters is inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties. We have not recorded any litigation reserves as of October 31, 2023.

One pending legal matter is an action filed against Teal Drones and the Company in a U.S. District Court in California. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract, and the unlawful conversion and sale of shares of common stock that plaintiff alleges to have purchased in Teal prior to its acquisition by the Company. The complaint also alleges breach of fiduciary duty and seeks in excess of $1 million in damages. The Company is asserting vigorous defenses to the complaint.

Note 24 – Subsequent Events

Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of this filing and there are no subsequent events which require disclosure except as set forth below:

On December 11, 2023, the Company closed an offering of 18,400,000 shares of common stock which generated gross proceeds of $9,200,000 and net proceeds of approximately $8,400,000 million. In connection with the offering, the amount of shares issuable under the ATM Facility was reduced to $4,375,000.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial data included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Management's Discussion and Analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties such as statements relating to our liquidity, and our plans for our business focusing on providing products, services and solutions to the drone industry. Any statements that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements. When used, the words "believe," "plan," "intend," "anticipate," "target," "estimate," "expect," and the like, and/or future-tense or conditional constructions ("will," "may," "could," "should," etc.), or similar expressions, identify certain of these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company's actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. Investors should also review the risk factors in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on July 27, 2023.

All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update such forward-looking statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q except as required by federal securities law.

Recent Developments

Corporate developments during the two years ended October 31, 2023 include:

Capital Transactions

During the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company completed two firm commitment underwritten public offerings with ThinkEquity, a division of Fordham Financial Management. The first offering, in May 2021, generated gross and net proceeds of $16 and $14.6 million, respectively. The second offering, in July 2021, generated gross and net proceeds of $60 and $55.5 million, respectively.

Plan of Operations

Since April 2016, the Company's primary business has been to provide products, services, and solutions to the drone industry which it presently does through its four wholly owned subsidiaries. Beginning in January 2020, the Company expanded the scope of its drone products and services through four acquisitions, including:

In January 2020, the Company acquired Rotor Riot, a provider of First Person View (FPV) drones and equipment, primarily to the consumer marketplace. The purchase price was $1,995,114.

In November 2020, the Company acquired Fat Shark Holdings, a provider of FPV video goggles to the drone industry. The purchase price was $8,354,076.

In May 2021, the Company acquired Skypersonic which provides hardware and software solutions that enable drones to complete inspection services in locations where GPS is not available, yet still record and transmit data even while being operated from thousands of miles away. The purchase price was $2,791,012.

In August 2021, the Company acquired Teal Drones, a leader in commercial and government UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) technology. The purchase price was $10,011,279.

Following the Teal acquisition, we focused on integrating and organizing these businesses. Effective May 1, 2022, we established the Enterprise and Consumer segments in order to sharpen our focus on the unique opportunities in each sector. Enterprise's initial strategy was to provide UAV's, primarily drones, to commercial enterprises and government agencies, including the military, to navigate dangerous military environments and confined industrial and commercial interior spaces. Subsequently, Enterprise narrowed its near-term focus on the military and other government agencies. Skypersonic's technology has been re-focused on military applications and its operations consolidated into Teal. The Consumer segment, which includes Fat Shark and Rotor Riot, is focused on hobbyists and enthusiasts which are expected to increase as drones become more visible and useful in our daily lives.

In November 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our Consumer segment to Unusual Machines. The adjusted sale price is $20 million, including $3 million in cash, at closing, and $17 million in securities of Unusual Machines. The agreement reflects the Company's decision to focus its efforts and capital on military and defense where it believes that there are more opportunities to create long term shareholder value. The closing of the transaction is contingent upon Unusual Machines completing (i) an initial public offering that raises sufficient capital to close the transaction, and (ii) a listing on a public stock exchange such as the NYSE or Nasdaq.

Results of Operations - Continuing Operations

The analysis of the Company's results of continuing operations for the three and six months ended October 31, 2023 compared to the three and six months ended October 31, 2022 includes only the Company's Enterprise segment which includes Teal Drones and Skypersonic. During Fiscal 2023, the operations of Skypersonic were consolidated into Teal. The following discussion and analysis describes the operating results of Teal and Skypersonic on a consolidated basis with Teal representing more than 90% of the operating activities of the Enterprise segment.

Discussion and Analysis of the Three Months Ended October 31, 2023 compared to the Three Months Ended October 31, 2022

Revenues

Revenues totaled $3,930,868 during the three months ended October 31, 2023 (or the "2023 period") compared to $747,612 during the three months ended October 31, 2022 (or the "2022 period") representing an increase of $3,183,256, or more than four times. The increase primarily related to higher product sales related to the launch of the Teal 2 in April 2023. Product sales totaled $3,383,238 during the three months ended October 31, 2023 compared to $330,061 during the three months ended October 31, 2022 representing an increase of $3,053,177, or more than 9 times. The increase in product sales also partially related to increased contract revenues during the 2023 period. Contract revenues totaled $529,438 during the 2023 period compared to $243,306 during the 2022 period, representing an increase of $286,132, or more than 100%. Contract revenues are primarily sourced through government agencies and can fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of award deliverables and amendments.

Gross Margin

Gross margin totaled $1,200,582 during the 2023 period compared to $123,851 during the 2022 period representing an increase of $1,076,731, or more than eight times. On a percentage basis, gross margin was 30.5% during the 2023 period compared to 16.6% during the 2022 period. The percentage basis increase in gross margin in the 2023 period was primarily related to contract revenue whose margins fluctuate from period to period as the labor required to meet the deliverables varies greatly. During the 2023 period, Teal’s gross margin % on product revenue was 24% compared to negative 22% during the 2022 period. The percentage basis increase in gross margin on product revenue in the 2023 period primarily related to lower relative labor costs as recently hired manufacturing operators replaced higher compensated engineers in performing many production activities. Additionally, lower manufacturing levels in the 2022 period resulted in higher relative overhead costs compared to the 2023 period. Our manufacturing facility is presently producing drones at a lower level than it is designed for, and these lower production levels, combined with higher overhead costs, continue to result in lower than targeted gross margins. As production levels increase, our fixed overhead costs, including labor, will be allocated to a greater number of drones which will drive our per-drone production costs lower and increase gross margins of product revenue.

Operating Expenses

Operations expenses totaled $440,445 during the 2023 period compared to $1,581,818 during the 2022 period, resulting in a decrease of $1,141,373, or 72%. This decrease is primarily due to lower payroll costs, controlled spending on manufacturing supplies, and lower office expenses related to fewer new hires in the 2023 period.

Research and development expenses totaled $1,987,890 during the three months ended October 31, 2023 compared to $1,266,956 during the three months ended October 31, 2022, representing an increase of $720,934, or 57%. Supplies and materials expense totaled $857,067 in the 2023 period compared to $310,394 in the 2022 period. This increase of $546,673, or more than 100%, primarily related to increased efforts in developing new products and represented 76% of the total increase in research and development costs. Additionally, higher payroll expenses represented 22% of the increase.

Sales and marketing costs totaled $675,490 during the 2023 period compared to $563,756 during the 2022 period, representing an increase of $111,734 or 20%. Headcount for sales, customer service, and marketing totaled 11 at the end of the 2023 period compared to 9 at the end of the 2022 period, resulting in total payroll expense of $381,268 in the 2023 period compared to $310,014 in the 2022 period. This increase of $71,254, or 23%, represented 64% of the total increase in sales and marketing costs. Higher advertising expenses represented 34% of the increase.

General and administrative expenses totaled $1,460,073 during the three months ended October 31, 2023 compared to $1,815,314 during the three months ended October 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $355,241 or 20%. Lower costs at the corporate level represented 78% of the decrease. Corporate level costs includes executive compensation and other administrative costs associated with operating a publicly traded company including departments such as finance, human resources, and administration. Other significant costs include professional services fees (legal, audit, and board compensation), Nasdaq listing fees and filing costs, and corporate insurance. Lobbying costs totaled $21,734 in the 2023 period compared to $139,553 in the 2022 period resulting in a decrease of $117,819 or 33% of the total decrease in general and administrative expenses.

During the three months ended October 31, 2023, we incurred stock-based compensation costs of $1,196,325 compared to $1,246,796 in the 2022 period, resulting in a decrease of $50,471 or 4%. Since the 2022 period, the Company issued 3,643,542 additional options and 348,643 additional RSUs which resulted in incremental stock-based compensation costs of $775,520 and $42,708, respectively. This increase was partially offset by an RSU award that fully vested since the 2022 period, resulting in decremental stock-based compensation expense of $168,125.

Other (Income) Expense

Other expense totaled $522,176 during the 2023 period compared to other income of $519,807 during the 2022 period, representing a decrease of $1,041,983 or greater than 100%. Investment loss totaled $333,867 during the three months ended October 31, 2023 compared to an investment loss of $92,711 during the three months ended October 31, 2022. During both the 2023 and the 2022 periods, the Company sold certain investment grade securities in order to fund operations. The fair value of these securities had been adversely impacted by the sharp increase in interest rates since the securities were acquired. Changes in the fair value of the derivative liability resulted in income of $162,482 during the 2023 period compared to income of $686,744 during the 2022 period, representing a net decremental difference of $524,262.

Net Loss from Continuing Operations

Net loss from continuing operations totaled $5,081,817 for the three months ended October 31, 2023, compared to $5,830,982 for the three months ended October 31, 2022, resulting in a decrease of $749,165 or 13%. Total operating expenses totaled $5,760,223 for the three months ended October 31, 2023 compared to $6,474,640 for the three months ended October 31, 2022. Lower operating expenses represented 95% of the total decrease in the net loss and were driven by operating efficiencies as Teal Drones scales production.

Results of Discontinued Operations

Revenues from discontinued operations totaled $1,056,932 for the three months ended October 31, 2023, compared to $782,850 for the three months ended October 31, 2022, representing an increase of $274,082 or 35%. During the 2023 period, Rotor Riot generated revenues totaling $936,450 compared to $736,528 during the 2022 period, representing an increase of $199,922 or 27%. During the 2023 period, Rotor Riot’s higher revenues were generated by a significant increase in digital marketing spending. During the 2023 period, Fat Shark generated revenues totaling $120,482 compared to $46,322 during the 2022 period, representing an increase of $74,160 or more than 100%. Higher revenues in the 2023 period reflected re-orders from resellers which can occur infrequently and impact quarter to quarter comparisons.

Gross margin from discontinued operations totaled negative $97,268 during the 2023 period compared to positive $109,804 during the 2022 period representing a decrease of $207,072, or more than 100%. On a percentage basis, gross margin from discontinued operations was negative 9% during the 2023 period compared to 14% during the 2022 period. Gross margin for Rotor Riot was 24% for the 2023 period compared to 11% for the 2022 period. Gross margin for Fat Shark was negative 154% for the 2023 period compared to 6% for the 2022 period. A charge of $317,155 to write-off excess quantities of Dominator inventory based on sales volumes. This charge reduced gross margin from negative 7% to negative 154%. Fat Shark’s gross margin, exclusive of inventory write-offs, was negative during the 2023 period due to sales discounts for the Dominator whose sales volumes have steadily declined since its launch.

Operating expenses totaled $502,274 during the 2023 period compared to $531,349 during the 2022 period, resulting in a decrease of $29,075, or 5%. This decrease is primarily due to efforts to control spending.

Net loss from discontinued operations totaled $599,511 for the three months ended October 31, 2023, compared to $413,495 for the three months ended October 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $186,016, or 45%.

Discussion and Analysis of the Six Months Ended October 31, 2023 compared to the Six Months Ended October 31, 2022

Revenues

Revenues totaled $5,678,997 during the six months ended October 31, 2023 (or the "2023 period") compared to $1,874,163 during the six months ended October 31, 2022 (or the "2022 period") representing an increase of $3,804,834, or more than 100%. The increase related primarily to higher product sales related to the launch of the Teal 2 in April 2023. Product sales totaled $4,796,365 during the six months ended October 31, 2023 compared to $1,030,275 during the six months ended October 31, 2022 representing an increase of $3,766,090, or more than 3 times. The increase in product sales also partially related to higher contract revenues during the 2023 period. Contract revenues totaled $840,318 during the 2023 period compared to $641,805 during the 2022 period, representing an increase of $198,514, or 31%. Contract revenues are primarily sourced through government agencies and can fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of award deliverables and amendments.

Gross Margin

Gross margin totaled $1,375,247 during the 2023 period compared to $205,971 during the 2022 period representing an increase of $1,169,276, or more than five times. On a percentage basis, gross margin was 24.2% during the 2023 period compared to 10.9% during the 2022 period. The percentage basis increase in gross margin in the 2023 period was primarily related to contract revenue whose margins fluctuate from period to period as the labor required to meet the deliverables varies greatly. During the 2023 period, Teal’s gross margin percentage on product revenue was 19% compared to negative 9% during the 2022 period. The percentage basis increase in gross margin on product revenue in the 2023 period primarily related to lower relative labor costs as recently hired manufacturing operators replaced higher compensated engineers in performing many production activities. Additionally, lower manufacturing levels in the 2022 period resulted in higher relative overhead costs compared to the 2023 period. Our manufacturing facility is presently producing drones at a lower level than it is designed for, and these lower production levels, combined with higher overhead costs, continue to result in lower than targeted gross margins. As production levels increase, our fixed overhead costs, including labor, will be allocated to a greater number of drones which will drive our per-drone production costs lower and increase gross margins.

Operating Expenses

Operations expenses totaled $1,148,348 during the 2023 period compared to $2,468,121 during the 2022 period, resulting in a decrease of $1,319,773, or 53%. This decrease is primarily due to lower payroll costs, controlled spending on manufacturing supplies, and lower office expenses related to fewer new hires in the 2023 period.

Research and development expenses totaled $3,126,017 during the six months ended October 31, 2023 compared to $1,716,920 during the six months ended October 31, 2022, representing an increase of $1,409,097, or 82%. Supplies and materials expense totaled $1,019,364 in the 2023 period compared to $394,507 in the 2022 period. This increase of $624,857, or more than 100%, primarily related to increased efforts in developing new products and represented 44% of the total increase in research and development costs. Additionally, higher payroll expenses represented 38% of the increase.

Sales and marketing costs totaled $1,662,398 during the 2023 period compared to $970,709 during the 2022 period, representing an increase of $691,689 or 71%. Headcount for sales, customer service, and marketing totaled 11 at the end of the 2023 period compared to 9 at the end of the 2022 period, resulting in total payroll expense of $809,732 in the 2023 period compared to $524,467 in the 2022 period. This increase of $285,265, or more than 100%, represented 41% of the total increase in sales and marketing costs. Higher travel-related and office expenses represented 25% and 16% of the increase, respectively.

General and administrative expenses totaled $2,903,229 during the six months ended October 31, 2023 compared to $2,877,718 during the six months ended October 31, 2022, representing an increase of $25,511 or 1%.

During the six months ended October 31, 2023, we incurred stock-based compensation costs of $2,107,931 compared to $2,002,267 in the 2022 period, resulting in a decrease of $105,664 or 5%. Since the 2022 period, the Company issued 3,643,542 additional options and 348,643 additional RSUs which resulted in incremental stock-based compensation costs of $1,551,039 and $144,398, respectively. This increase was partially offset by an RSU award that fully vested since the 2022 period, resulting in decremental stock-based compensation expense of $351,535.

Other (Income) Expense

Other expense totaled $1,076,916 during the 2023 period compared to other income of $406,580 during the 2022 period, representing a decrease of $1,483,496 or greater than 100%. Investment loss totaled $573,357 during the six months ended October 31, 2023 compared to an investment loss of $234,113 during the six months ended October 31, 2022. During both periods, the Company sold certain investment grade securities in order to fund operations. The fair value of these securities had been adversely impacted by the sharp increase in interest rates since the securities were acquired. Changes in the fair value of the derivative liability resulted in income of $189,002 during the 2023 period compared to income of $593,822 during the 2022 period, representing a net decremental difference of $404,820.

Net Loss from Continuing Operations

Net loss from continuing operations totaled $10,649,592 for the six months ended October 31, 2023, compared to $9,423,184 for the six months ended October 31, 2022, resulting in an increase of $1,226,408 or 13%. Total operating expenses totaled $10,947,923 for the six months ended October 31, 2023 compared to $10,035,735 for the six months ended October 31, 2022. Lower operating expenses represented 74% of the total decrease in the net loss and were driven by operating efficiencies as Teal Drones scales production.

Results of Discontinued Operations

Revenues from discontinued operations totaled $2,926,151 for the six months ended October 31, 2023, compared to $2,725,570 for the six months ended October 31, 2022, representing an increase of $200,581 or 7%. During the 2023 period, Rotor Riot generated revenues totaling $2,180,357 compared to $1,624,947 during the 2022 period, representing an increase of $555,410 or 34%. During the 2023 period, Rotor Riot’s higher revenues were generated by a significant increase in digital marketing spending. During the 2023 period, Fat Shark generated revenues totaling $745,794 compared to $1,100,623 during the 2022 period, representing a decrease of $354,829 or 32%. Lower revenues for the 2023 period related to its newest product, the Dominator, which was launched at the beginning of the 2022 period, and while it generated strong initial sales in the first quarter of its launch, sales have declined significantly since then.

Gross margin from discontinued operations totaled $386,835 during the 2023 period compared to $385,311 during the 2022 period representing an increase of $1,524, or 0.4%. On a percentage basis, gross margin from discontinued operations was 13% during the 2023 period compared to 14% during the 2022 period. Gross margin for Rotor Riot was 30% for the 2023 period compared to 14% for the 2022 period. Gross margin for Fat Shark was negative 24% for the 2023 period compared to positive 13% for the 2022 period. The reported gross margin of negative 24% for Fat Shark was adversely impacted by a charge of $317,155 related to the write-off of excess quantities of Dominator inventory based on sales volumes. This charge reduced gross margin from 7% to negative 24%.

Operating expenses totaled $1,206,213 during the 2023 period compared to $1,026,377 during the 2022 period, resulting in an increase of $179,836, or 18%. This increase is primarily due to increased advertising expenses in the 2023 period.

Net loss from discontinued operations totaled $842,084 for the six months ended October 31, 2023, compared to $632,892 for the six months ended October 31, 2022, representing an increase of $209,192, or 33%.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities – Continuing Operations

Net cash used in operating activities was $11,240,359 during the six months ended October 31, 2023, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $9,527,472 during the six months ended October 31, 2022, representing an increase of $1,712,887 or 18%. The higher use of cash primarily related to timing of accounts receivable receipts for government customers. Net cash used in operations, net of non-cash expenses, totaled $7,427,197 during the six months ended October 31, 2023, compared to $7,674,729 during the six months ended October 31, 2022, resulting in a decrease of $247,532, or 3%. Net cash used related to changes in operating assets and liabilities totaled $3,813,162 during the six months ended October 31, 2023, compared to $1,852,743 during the six months ended October 31, 2022, representing an increase of $1,960,419 or more than 100%. Changes in operating assets and liabilities can fluctuate significantly from period to period depending upon the timing and level of multiple factors, including inventory purchases, vendor payments, and customer collections.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $10,065,641 during the six months ended October 31, 2023, compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $11,960,901 during the six months ended October 31, 2022 resulting in a decrease of $1,895,260 or 16%. During the 2023 period, proceeds of $10,205,501 from the sale of marketable securities were used to fund operations. During the 2022 period, proceeds of $13,241,836 from the sale of marketable securities were used to fund operations.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities totaled $286,206 during the six months ended October 31, 2023, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $928,826 during the six months ended October 31, 2022. Financing activities can vary from period to period depending upon market conditions, both at a macro-level and specific to the Company. During the 2023 period, the Company made payments of $16,292 related to payroll taxes on equity awards compared to payments of $561,407 during the 2022 period, resulting in a decrease of $545,115. This decrease represented 97% of the total decrease. The lower payments related to lower equity award vesting in the 2023 period compared to the 2022 period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At October 31, 2023, the Company reported current assets totaling $23,262,672, current liabilities totaling $4,405,265 and net working capital of $18,857,407. Cash and marketable securities totaled $4,024,266 at October 31, 2023. Inventory related balances, including pre-paid inventory, totaled $10,871,809. We continue to maintain high inventory balances related to the global supply chain issues, including chip shortages, which continue to impact the timing of our purchase decisions.

Going Concern

The Company has never been profitable, and its net losses have been increasing related to acquisitions, as well as costs incurred to pursue its long-term growth strategy. During the six months ended October 31, 2023, the Company incurred net losses of $10,649,592 from continuing operations and $842,084 from discontinued operations and used cash in operating activities of $11,240,359 from continuing operations and $550,120 from discontinued operations. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has working capital of $18,857,407. While the Company has historically been successful in raising capital to meet its working capital requirements, the ability to continue raising such capital to enable the Company to continue its growth is not guaranteed. Therefore, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern as the Company will require additional liquidity to continue its operations and meet its financial obligations for twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements are issued.

If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, there is a risk that the Company could default on its financial obligations and could be required to discontinue or significantly reduce the scope of its operations. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts, or the amount and classification of liabilities or any other adjustment that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.

We regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to prepare our financial statements. A complete summary of these policies is included in the notes to our financial statements. In general, management's estimates are based on historical experience, information from third party professionals, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the facts and circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates made by management.

Significant estimates reflected in these financial statements include those used to (i) determine stock-based compensation, (ii) complete purchase price accounting for acquisitions, (iii) accounting for derivatives, (iv) reserves and allowances related to accounts receivable and inventory, and (v) the evaluation of long-term assets, including goodwill, for impairment.

The estimate of fair value of a reporting unit is computed using either an income approach, a market approach, or a combination of both. Under the income approach, we utilize the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. Significant assumptions inherent in estimating the fair values include the estimated future cash flows, growth assumptions for future revenues (including gross margin, operating expenses, and capital expenditures), and a rate used to discount estimated future cash flow projections to their present value based on estimated weighted average cost of capital (i.e., the selected discount rate). Our assumptions our based on historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, and management’s plans. Under the market approach, fair value is derived from metrics of publicly traded companies or historically completed transactions of comparable businesses. The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the reporting units operate and consider risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services.

Fair Values, Inputs and Valuation Techniques for Financial Assets and Liabilities and Related Disclosures – The fair value measurements and disclosure guidance defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In accordance with this guidance, the Company has categorized its recurring basis financial assets and liabilities into a three-level fair value hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique.

The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date;

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data.

Financial Instruments

The Company's financial instruments mainly consist of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and debt. The carrying amounts of cash, receivables, current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and current debt approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Derivative Liabilities

The Company has financial instruments that are considered derivatives or contain embedded features subject to derivative accounting. Embedded derivatives are valued separately from the host instrument and are recognized as liabilities on the Company's balance sheet. The Company measures these instruments at their estimated fair value and recognizes changes in their estimated fair value in results of operations during the period of change.

In October 2020 and January 2021, the Company entered into convertible note agreements which included provisions under which the conversion price was equal to the lesser of an initial stated amount or the conversion price of a future offering. This variable conversion feature was recognized as a derivative. Both financings included the issuance of warrants which contained similar variable conversion features. The Company values these convertible notes and warrants using the multinomial lattice method. The valuation is updated each reporting date with the change in the liability reflected as a change in derivative liability in the statement of operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect. These pronouncements did not have any material impact on the financial statements unless otherwise disclosed, and the Company does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are a smaller reporting company and are not required to provide this information.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of October 31, 2023.

The term “disclosure controls and procedures” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) means controls and other procedures of the Company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in reports, such as this report, that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of October 31, 2023.

Changes In Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the six months ended October 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required by this Item. Our most recent risk factor disclosures may be reviewed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2023, as filed with the SEC on July 27, 2023.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the six months ended ended October 31, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit		Description
10.1		ATM Sales Agreement with ThinkEquity, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2023)
10.2		Addendum to Executive Employment Agreement with Joseph Hernon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2023)
10.3*		Amendment No. 3 to Share Purchase Agreement dated September 18, 2023
23.1		Consent of The Crone Law Group, P.C. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 23.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2023)
31.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*		Certification of Principal Financial and accounting Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1#		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2 #		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS*		Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Filed herewith.

This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: December 15, 2023		Red Cat Holdings, Inc. By: /s/ Jeffrey Thompson Jeffrey Thompson Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: December 15, 2023		By: /s/ Joseph P. Hernon
		Joseph Hernon Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	3

	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of October 31, 2023 and April 30, 2023	3

	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended October 31, 2023 and 2022	4

	Consolidated Statements Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended October 31, 2023 and 2022	5

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended October 31, 2023 and 2022	6

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	36

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	37

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	37

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	37

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	37

Item 5.	Other Information	37

Item 6.	Exhibits	38

SIGNATURES		38

Red Cat (RCAT) 10-Q2024 Q2 Quarterly report

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