Loans & Allowance for Loan Losses | 8. LOANS & ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount outstanding. Loan origination and commitment fees and related direct costs are deferred and amortized to income over the term of the respective loan and loan commitment period as a yield adjustment. Loans held-for-sale consists of residential mortgage loans that are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance charged to income. Gains and losses on residential mortgages held-for-sale are included in non-interest income. QNB maintains an allowance for loan losses, which is intended to absorb probable known and inherent losses in the outstanding loan portfolio. The allowance is reduced by actual credit losses and is increased by the provision for loan losses and recoveries of previous losses. The provisions for loan losses are charged to earnings to bring the total allowance for loan losses to a level considered necessary by management. The allowance for loan losses is based on management’s continuing review and evaluation of the loan portfolio. The level of the allowance is determined by assigning specific reserves to individually identified problem credits and general reserves to all other loans. For such loans that are also classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The portion of the allowance that is allocated to internally criticized and non-accrual loans is determined by estimating the inherent loss on each credit after giving consideration to the value of underlying collateral. The general component covers pools of loans by loan class including commercial loans not considered impaired, as well as smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as residential real estate, home equity and other consumer loans. These pools of loans are evaluated for loss exposure based upon historical loss rates. These loss rates are based on a three year history of charge-offs and are more heavily weighted for recent experience for each of these categories of loans, adjusted for qualitative factors. These qualitative risk factors include: 1. Lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection, charge-off and recovery practices. 2. Effect of external factors, such as legal and regulatory requirements. 3. National, regional, and local economic and business conditions as well as the condition of various market segments, including the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans. 4. Nature and volume of the portfolio including growth. 5. Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff. 6. Volume and severity of past due, classified and nonaccrual loans. 7. Quality of the Company’s loan review system, and the degree of oversight by the Company’s Board of Directors. 8. Existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations. Each factor is assigned a value to reflect improving, stable or declining conditions based on management’s best judgment using relevant information available at the time of the evaluation. An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio. Management emphasizes loan quality and close monitoring of potential problem credits. Credit risk identification and review processes are utilized in order to assess and monitor the degree of risk in the loan portfolio. QNB’s lending and credit administration staff are charged with reviewing the loan portfolio and identifying changes in the economy or in a borrower’s circumstances which may affect the ability to repay debt or the value of pledged collateral. A loan classification and review system exists that identifies those loans with a higher than normal risk of uncollectibility. Each commercial loan is assigned a grade based upon an assessment of the borrower’s financial capacity to service the debt and the presence and value of collateral for the loan. An independent firm reviews risk assessment and evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Management meets monthly to review the credit quality of the loan portfolio and quarterly to review the allowance for loan losses. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review QNB’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require QNB to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments using information available to them at the time of their examination. Management believes that it uses the best information available to make determinations about the adequacy of the allowance and that it has established its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with U.S. GAAP. If circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making determinations, future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary and results of operations could be affected. Because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, there can be no assurance that increases to the allowance will not be necessary should the quality of any loans deteriorate as a result of the factors discussed above. Major classes of loans are as follows: June 30, December 31, 2019 2018 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 156,307 $ 162,452 Construction 61,323 50,135 Secured by commercial real estate 329,900 308,590 Secured by residential real estate 71,153 68,581 State and political subdivisions 50,184 43,737 Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages 67,008 67,453 Home equity loans and lines 74,781 77,475 Consumer 6,717 6,785 Total loans 817,373 785,208 Net unearned costs 220 240 Loans receivable $ 817,593 $ 785,448 Loans secured by commercial real estate include all loans collateralized at least in part by commercial real estate. These loans may not be for the expressed purpose of conducting commercial real estate transactions. Overdrafts are reclassified as loans and are included in consumer loans above and total loans receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, overdrafts were approximately $132,000 and $183,000, respectively. QNB generally lends in its trade area which is comprised of Quakertown and the surrounding communities. To a large extent, QNB makes loans collateralized at least in part by real estate. Its lending activities could be affected by changes in the general economy, the regional economy, or real estate values. Other than disclosed in the table above, at June 30, 2019, there was a concentration of loans to lessors of residential buildings and dwellings of 16.2% of total loans and to lessors of nonresidential buildings of 18.7% of total loans, compared with 15.8% and 18.1% of total loans, respectively, at December 31, 2018. These concentrations were primarily within the commercial real estate categories. The Company engages in a variety of lending activities, including commercial, residential real estate and consumer transactions. The Company focuses its lending activities on individuals, professionals and small to medium sized businesses. Risks associated with lending activities include economic conditions and changes in interest rates, which can adversely impact both the ability of borrowers to repay their loans and the value of the associated collateral. Commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans and residential real estate loans with a business purpose are generally perceived as having more risk of default than residential real estate loans with a personal purpose and consumer loans. These types of loans involve larger loan balances to a single borrower or groups of related borrowers and are more susceptible to a risk of loss during a downturn in the business cycle. These loans may involve greater risk because the availability of funds to repay these loans depends on the successful operation of the borrower’s business. The assets financed are used within the business for its ongoing operation. Repayment of these kinds of loans generally comes from the cash flow of the business or the ongoing conversions of assets, such as accounts receivable and inventory, to cash. Typical collateral for commercial and industrial loans includes the borrower’s accounts receivable, inventory and machinery and equipment. Commercial real estate and residential real estate loans secured for a business purpose are originated primarily within the eastern Pennsylvania market area at conservative loan-to-value ratios and often backed by the individual guarantees of the borrowers or owners. Repayment of this kind of loan is dependent upon either the ongoing cash flow of the borrowing entity or the resale or lease of the subject property. Commercial real estate loans may be affected to a greater extent than residential loans by adverse conditions in real estate markets or the economy because commercial real estate borrowers’ ability to repay their loans depends on successful development of their properties, as well as the factors affecting residential real estate borrowers. Loans to state and political subdivisions are tax-exempt or taxable loans to municipalities, school districts and housing and industrial development authorities. These loans can be general obligations of the municipality or school district repaid through their taxing authority, revenue obligations repaid through the income generated by the operations of the authority, such as a water or sewer authority, or loans issued to a housing and industrial development agency, for which a private corporation is responsible for payments on the loans. The Company originates fixed-rate and adjustable-rate real estate-residential mortgage loans for personal purposes that are secured by first liens on the underlying 1-4 family residential properties. Credit risk exposure in this area of lending is minimized by the evaluation of the credit worthiness of the borrower, including debt-to-income ratios, credit scores and adherence to underwriting policies that emphasize conservative loan-to-value ratios of generally no more than 80%. Residential mortgage loans granted in excess of the 80% loan-to-value ratio criterion are generally insured by private mortgage insurance. The real estate-home equity portfolio consists of fixed-rate home equity loans and variable-rate home equity lines of credit. Risks associated with loans secured by residential properties are generally lower than commercial loans and include general economic risks, such as the strength of the job market, employment stability and the strength of the housing market. Since most loans are secured by a primary or secondary residence, the borrower’s continued employment is the greatest risk to repayment. The Company offers a variety of loans to individuals for personal and household purposes. Consumer loans are generally considered to have greater risk than first or second mortgages on real estate because they may be unsecured, or, if they are secured, the value of the collateral may be difficult to assess and is more likely to decrease in value than real estate. Credit risk in this portfolio is controlled by conservative underwriting standards that consider debt-to-income levels and the creditworthiness of the borrower and, if secured, collateral values. The Company employs a ten-grade risk rating system related to the credit quality of commercial loans and loans to state and political subdivisions of which the first six categories are pass categories (credits not adversely rated). The following is a description of the internal risk ratings and the likelihood of loss related to each risk rating. 1 - Excellent - no apparent risk 2 - Good - minimal risk 3 - Acceptable - lower risk 4 - Acceptable - average risk 5 - Acceptable – higher risk 6 - Pass watch 7 - Special Mention - potential weaknesses 8 - Substandard - well defined weaknesses 9 - Doubtful - full collection unlikely 10 - Loss - considered uncollectible The Company maintains a loan review system, which allows for a periodic review of our loan portfolio and the early identification of potential problem loans. Each loan officer assigns a rating to all loans in the portfolio at the time the loan is originated. Loans with risk ratings of one through five are reviewed annually based on the borrower’s fiscal year. Loans with risk ratings of six are reviewed every six to twelve months based on the dollar amount of the relationship with the borrower. Loans with risk ratings of seven through ten are reviewed at least quarterly, and as often as monthly, at management’s discretion. The Company also utilizes an outside loan review firm to review the portfolio on a semi-annual basis to provide the Board of Directors and senior management an independent review of the Company’s loan portfolio on an ongoing basis. These reviews are designed to recognize deteriorating credits in their earliest stages in an effort to reduce and control risk in the lending function as well as identifying potential shifts in the quality of the loan portfolio. The examinations by the outside loan review firm include the review of lending activities with respect to underwriting and processing new loans, monitoring the risk of existing loans and to provide timely follow-up and corrective action for loans showing signs of deterioration in quality. In addition, the outside firm reviews the methodology for the allowance for loan losses to determine compliance to policy and regulatory guidance. The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate pass rating and the classified ratings of special mention, substandard and doubtful within the Company’s internal risk rating system as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: June 30, 2019 Pass Special mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 152,617 $ — $ 3,690 $ — $ 156,307 Construction 61,323 — — — 61,323 Secured by commercial real estate 322,077 505 7,318 — 329,900 Secured by residential real estate 69,589 — 1,564 — 71,153 State and political subdivisions 50,184 — — — 50,184 Total $ 655,790 $ 505 $ 12,572 $ — $ 668,867 December 31, 2018 Pass Special mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 155,219 $ 82 $ 7,151 $ — $ 162,452 Construction 50,135 — — — 50,135 Secured by commercial real estate 297,713 1,259 9,618 — 308,590 Secured by residential real estate 66,838 173 1,570 — 68,581 State and political subdivisions 43,737 — — — 43,737 Total $ 613,642 $ 1,514 $ 18,339 $ — $ 633,495 For retail loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the performance of the individual credits. The following tables present the recorded investment in the retail classes of the loan portfolio based on payment activity as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: June 30, 2019 Performing Non-performing Total Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages $ 66,441 $ 567 $ 67,008 Home equity loans and lines 74,555 226 74,781 Consumer 6,613 104 6,717 Total $ 147,609 $ 897 $ 148,506 December 31, 2018 Performing Non-performing Total Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages $ 66,513 $ 940 $ 67,453 Home equity loans and lines 77,309 166 77,475 Consumer 6,659 126 6,785 Total $ 150,481 $ 1,232 $ 151,713 The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past due status as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: June 30, 2019 30-59 past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due loans Current Total loans receivable Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 87 $ 205 $ 2,126 $ 2,418 $ 153,889 $ 156,307 Construction — — — — 61,323 61,323 Secured by commercial real estate 366 309 1,811 2,486 327,414 329,900 Secured by residential real estate — 168 399 567 70,586 71,153 State and political subdivisions — — — — 50,184 50,184 Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages — 393 455 848 66,160 67,008 Home equity loans and lines 157 70 137 364 74,417 74,781 Consumer 23 29 — 52 6,665 6,717 Total $ 633 $ 1,174 $ 4,928 $ 6,735 $ 810,638 $ 817,373 December 31, 2018 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due loans Current Total loans receivable Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 94 $ 141 $ 1,372 $ 1,607 $ 160,845 $ 162,452 Construction — — — — 50,135 50,135 Secured by commercial real estate 305 1,029 638 1,972 306,618 308,590 Secured by residential real estate 24 352 291 667 67,914 68,581 State and political subdivisions — — — — 43,737 43,737 Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages 544 245 476 1,265 66,188 67,453 Home equity loans and lines 82 205 61 348 77,127 77,475 Consumer 23 35 24 82 6,703 6,785 Total $ 1,072 $ 2,007 $ 2,862 $ 5,941 $ 779,267 $ 785,208 The following tables disclose the recorded investment in loans receivable that are either on non-accrual status or past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: June 30, 2019 90 due (still accruing) Non-accrual Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — $ 3,598 Construction — — Secured by commercial real estate — 2,057 Secured by residential real estate — 1,116 State and political subdivisions — — Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages — 567 Home equity loans and lines — 226 Consumer — 104 Total $ — $ 7,668 December 31, 2018 90 due (still accruing) Non-accrual Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — $ 3,179 Construction — — Secured by commercial real estate — 1,965 Secured by residential real estate — 1,102 State and political subdivisions — — Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages — 940 Home equity loans and lines — 166 Consumer — 126 Total $ — $ 7,478 Activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are as follows: Three months ended June 30, 2019 Balance, beginning of period Provision for (credit to) loan losses Charge-offs Recoveries Balance, end of period Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 3,083 $ 208 $ — $ 11 $ 3,302 Construction 602 73 — — 675 Secured by commercial real estate 2,829 84 — — 2,913 Secured by residential real estate 743 (58 ) (5 ) 42 722 State and political subdivisions 190 11 — — 201 Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages 500 (67 ) — — 433 Home equity loans and lines 341 (56 ) (1 ) 10 294 Consumer 166 80 (67 ) 9 188 Unallocated 561 (125 ) N/A N/A 436 Total $ 9,015 $ 150 $ (73 ) $ 72 $ 9,164 Three months ended June 30, 2018 Balance, beginning of period Provision for (credit to) loan losses Charge-offs Recoveries Balance, end of period Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 2,829 $ 4 $ — $ 7 $ 2,840 Construction 557 16 — — 573 Secured by commercial real estate 2,431 278 — 1 2,710 Secured by residential real estate 835 (72 ) — 18 781 State and political subdivisions 121 69 — — 190 Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages 512 (3 ) — — 509 Home equity loans and lines 381 (27 ) (44 ) 1 311 Consumer 61 21 (23 ) 8 67 Unallocated 310 (99 ) N/A N/A 211 Total $ 8,037 $ 187 $ (67 ) $ 35 $ 8,192 Six months ended June 30, 2019 Balance, beginning of period Provision for (credit to) loan losses Charge-offs Recoveries Balance, end of period Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 3,092 $ 192 $ — $ 18 $ 3,302 Construction 551 124 — — 675 Secured by commercial real estate 2,824 89 — — 2,913 Secured by residential real estate 754 (59 ) (36 ) 63 722 State and political subdivisions 153 48 — — 201 Retail: — 1-4 family residential mortgages 497 (64 ) — — 433 Home equity loans and lines 338 (38 ) (17 ) 11 294 Consumer 164 108 (102 ) 18 188 Unallocated 461 (25 ) N/A N/A 436 Total $ 8,834 $ 375 $ (155 ) $ 110 $ 9,164 Six months ended June 30, 2018 Balance, beginning of period Provision for (credit to) loan losses Charge-offs Recoveries Balance, end of period Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 2,711 $ 107 $ — $ 22 $ 2,840 Construction 563 10 — — 573 Secured by commercial real estate 2,410 298 — 2 2,710 Secured by residential real estate 816 (55 ) — 20 781 State and political subdivisions 114 76 — — 190 Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages 444 65 — — 509 Home equity loans and lines 357 (7 ) (44 ) 5 311 Consumer 57 39 (49 ) 20 67 Unallocated 369 (158 ) N/A N/A 211 Total $ 7,841 $ 375 $ (93 ) $ 69 $ 8,192 As previously discussed, the Company maintains a loan review system, which includes a continuous review of the loan portfolio by internal and external parties to aid in the early identification of potential impaired loans. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for commercial loans and loans to state and political subdivisions by using either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer and residential mortgage loans for impairment disclosures, unless such loans are part of a larger relationship that is impaired or are classified as a troubled debt restructuring or on non-accrual. An allowance for loan losses is established for an impaired loan if its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. The estimated fair values of the majority of the Company’s impaired loans are measured based on the estimated fair value of the loan’s collateral. For commercial loans secured by real estate, estimated fair values are determined primarily through third-party appraisals. When a real estate secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the original appraisal and the condition of the property. Appraised values are discounted to arrive at the estimated selling price of the collateral, which is considered to be the estimated fair value. The discounts also include estimated costs to sell the property. For commercial loans secured by non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, estimated fair values are determined based on the borrower’s financial statements, inventory reports, accounts receivable agings or equipment appraisals or invoices. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets. From time to time, QNB may extend, restructure, or otherwise modify the terms of existing loans, on a case-by-case basis, to remain competitive and retain certain customers, as well as assist other customers that may be experiencing financial difficulties. A loan is considered to be a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) loan when the Company grants a concession to the borrower because of the borrower’s financial condition that it would not otherwise consider. Such concessions include the reduction of interest rates, forgiveness of principal or interest, or other modifications of interest rates to less than the current market rate for new obligations with similar risk. Loans classified as TDRs are considered non-performing and are also designated as impaired. The concessions made for TDRs involve lowering the monthly payments on loans through periods of interest only payments, a reduction in interest rate below a market rate or an extension of the term of the loan without a corresponding adjustment to the risk premium reflected in the interest rate, or a combination of these three methods. The restructurings rarely result in the forgiveness of principal or accrued interest. If the borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous terms and our underwriting process shows the borrower has the capacity to continue to perform under the restructured terms, the loan will continue to accrue interest. Non-accruing restructured loans may be returned to accrual status when there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are deemed collectible. TDR loans that are in compliance with their modified terms and that yield a market rate may be removed from the TDR status after a period of performance. Performing TDRs (not reported as non-accrual or past due 90 days or more and still accruing) totaled $2,009,000 and $2,160,000 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Non-performing TDRs totaled $1,210,000 and $1,317,000 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. All TDRs are included in impaired loans. The following table illustrates the specific reserve for loan losses allocated to loans modified as TDRs. These specific reserves are included in the allowance for loan losses for loans individually evaluated for impairment. June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Unpaid principal balance Related allowance Unpaid principal balance Related allowance TDRs with no specific allowance recorded $ 2,825 $ — $ 2,513 $ — TDRs with an allowance recorded 394 387 964 411 Total $ 3,219 $ 387 $ 3,477 $ 411 There were no newly identified TDR during the six months ended June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, QNB had no commitments to lend additional funds to customers with loans whose terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings. There were $5,000 in net charge-offs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, and no charge-offs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, resulting from loans previously modified as TDRs. The following tables present loans, by loan class, modified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The pre-modification and post-modification outstanding recorded investments disclosed in the tables below, represent carrying amounts immediately prior to the modification and as of the period end indicated. Three months ended June 30, 2019 2018 Number contracts Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-modification outstanding recorded investment Number of contracts Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-modification outstanding recorded investment Retail: Home equity loans and lines — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Total — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Six months ended June 30, 2019 2018 Number contracts Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-modification outstanding recorded investment Number of contracts Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment Post-modification outstanding recorded investment Retail: Home equity loans and lines — $ — $ — 1 $ 47 $ 47 Total — $ — $ — 1 $ 47 $ 47 There were no loans modified as TDRs within 12 months prior to June 30, 2019 and 2018 for which there was a payment default (60 days or more past due) during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The Company has five mortgage loans secured by residential real estate for which foreclosure proceedings are in process at June 30, 2019. The total recorded investment is $662,000. The following tables present the balance in the allowance for loan losses at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment method by class of loans receivable along with the balance of loans receivable by class, excluding unearned fees and costs, disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology: Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable June 30, 2019 Balance Balance to loans individually evaluated for impairment Balance related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment Balance Balance individually evaluated for impairment Balance collectively evaluated for impairment Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 3,302 $ 1,952 $ 1,350 $ 156,307 $ 3,598 $ 152,709 Construction 675 — 675 61,323 — 61,323 Secured by commercial real estate 2,913 139 2,774 329,900 3,476 326,424 Secured by residential real estate 722 72 650 71,153 1,733 69,420 State and political subdivisions 201 — 201 50,184 — 50,184 Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages 433 3 430 67,008 892 66,116 Home equity loans and lines 294 — 294 74,781 165 74,616 Consumer 188 — 188 6,717 73 6,644 Unallocated 436 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Total $ 9,164 $ 2,166 $ 6,562 $ 817,373 $ 9,937 $ 807,436 Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable December 31, 2018 Balance Balance related to loans individually evaluated for impairment Balance related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment Balance Balance individually evaluated for impairment Balance collectively evaluated for impairment Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 3,092 $ 1,461 $ 1,631 $ 162,452 $ 7,128 $ 155,324 Construction 551 — 551 50,135 — 50,135 Secured by commercial real estate 2,824 101 2,723 308,590 6,083 302,507 Secured by residential real estate 754 97 657 68,581 1,740 66,841 State and political subdivisions 153 — 153 43,737 — 43,737 Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages 497 — 497 67,453 1,268 66,185 Home equity loans and lines 338 5 333 77,475 186 77,289 Consumer 164 — 164 6,785 77 6,708 Unallocated 461 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Total $ 8,834 $ 1,664 $ 6,709 $ 785,208 $ 16,482 $ 768,726 The following table summarize additional information, in regards to impaired loans by loan portfolio class, as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Recorded investment (after charge-offs) Unpaid principal balance Related allowance Recorded investment (after charge-offs) Unpaid principal balance Related allowance With no specific allowance recorded: Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 681 $ 822 $ 4,243 $ 4,525 Construction — — — — Secured by commercial real estate 2,194 2,827 5,012 5,577 Secured by residential real estate 1,462 1,639 1,023 1,140 Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages 735 763 1,268 1,357 Home equity loans and lines 165 271 140 190 Consumer 73 82 77 84 Total $ 5,310 $ 6,404 $ 11,763 $ 12,873 With an allowance recorded: Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 2,917 $ 4,247 $ 1,952 $ 2,885 $ 4,128 $ 1,461 Construction — — — — — — Secured by commercial real estate 1,282 1,311 139 1,071 1,095 101 Secured by residential real estate 271 311 72 717 773 97 Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages 157 162 3 — — — Home equity loans and lines — — — 46 46 5 Consumer — — — — — — Total $ 4,627 $ 6,031 $ 2,166 $ 4,719 $ 6,042 $ 1,664 Total: Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 3,598 $ 5,069 $ 1,952 $ 7,128 $ 8,653 $ 1,461 Construction — — — — — — Secured by commercial real estate 3,476 4,138 139 6,083 6,672 101 Secured by residential real estate 1,733 1,950 72 1,740 1,913 97 Retail: 1-4 family residential mortgages 892 925 3 1,268 1,357 — Home equity loans and lines 165 271 — 186 236 5 Consumer 73 82 — 77 84 — Total $ 9,937 $ 12,435 $ 2,166 $ 16,482 $ 18,915 $ 1,664 The following table presents additional information regarding the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans: Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 2018 Average recorded investment Interest income recognized Average recorded investment Interest income recognized Commercial: Commercial and industr |