SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Nature of Operations The Company’s earnings are seasonal and are typically higher in the first and fourth quarters when customers use natural gas for heating purposes. Unitil’s principal business is the local distribution of electricity in the southeastern seacoast and state capital regions of New Hampshire and the greater Fitchburg area of north central Massachusetts, and the local distribution of natural gas in southeastern New Hampshire, portions of southern and central Maine and in the greater Fitchburg area of north central Massachusetts. Unitil has three distribution utility subsidiaries, Unitil Energy, which operates in New Hampshire, Fitchburg, which operates in Massachusetts and Northern Utilities, which operates in New Hampshire and Maine (collectively referred to as the distribution utilities). Granite State is a natural gas transportation pipeline, operating 86 miles of underground gas transmission pipeline primarily located in Maine and New Hampshire. Granite State provides Northern Utilities with interconnection to three major natural gas pipelines and access to domestic natural gas supplies in the south and Canadian natural gas supplies in the north. Granite State derives its revenues principally from the transportation services provided to Northern Utilities and, to a lesser extent, third-party marketers. A fifth utility subsidiary, Unitil Power, formerly functioned as the full requirements wholesale power supply provider for Unitil Energy. In connection with the implementation of electric industry restructuring in New Hampshire, Unitil Power ceased being the wholesale supplier of Unitil Energy on May 1, 2003 and divested of its long-term power supply contracts through the sale of the entitlements to the electricity associated with various electric power supply contracts it had acquired to serve Unitil Energy’s customers. Unitil also has three other wholly-owned subsidiaries: Unitil Service; Unitil Realty; and Unitil Resources. Unitil Service provides, at cost, a variety of administrative and professional services, including regulatory, financial, accounting, human resources, engineering, operations, technology, energy management and management services on a centralized basis to its affiliated Unitil companies. Unitil Realty owns and manages the Company’s corporate office in Hampton, New Hampshire and leases this facility to Unitil Service under a long-term lease arrangement. Unitil Resources is the Company’s wholly-owned non-regulated subsidiary. Usource, Inc. and Usource L.L.C. (collectively, Usource) are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Unitil Resources. Usource provides brokering and advisory services to large commercial and industrial customers in the northeastern United States. Basis of Presentation – Fair Value Level 1 - Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 - Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore, even when market assumptions are not readily available, the Company’s own assumptions are set to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The Company uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market dislocation. In periods of market dislocation, the observability of prices and inputs may be reduced for many instruments. This condition could cause an instrument to be reclassified from Level 1 to Level 2 or from Level 2 to Level 3. There have been no changes in the valuation techniques used during the current period. Income Taxes – Provisions for income taxes are calculated in each of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates for each period for which a statement of earnings is presented. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the FASB Codification guidance on Income Taxes, which requires an asset and liability approach for the financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the current and deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company’s current and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect its best assessment of estimated future taxes to be paid. In accordance with the FASB Codification, the Company periodically assesses the realization of its deferred tax assets and liabilities and adjusts the income tax provision, the current tax liability and deferred taxes in the period in which the facts and circumstances which gave rise to the revision become known. Deferred income taxes are reflected as Deferred Income Taxes in Current Assets and Noncurrent Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the nature of the underlying timing item. Cash and Cash Equivalents – Allowance for Doubtful Accounts – The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts as of September 30, 2015, September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2014, which are included in Accounts Receivable, net on the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets, were as follows: ($ millions) September 30, December 31, 2015 2014 2014 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $ 2.0 $ 2.1 $ 1.8 Accrued Revenue – September 30, December 31, Accrued Revenue ($ millions) 2015 2014 2014 Regulatory Assets – Current $ 22.6 $ 24.6 $ 37.8 Unbilled Revenues 6.2 6.8 10.7 Total Accrued Revenue $ 28.8 $ 31.4 $ 48.5 Exchange Gas Receivable – September 30, December 31, Exchange Gas Receivable ($ millions) 2015 2014 2014 Northern Utilities $ 9.9 $ 13.4 $ 14.2 Fitchburg 0.7 1.1 0.8 Total Exchange Gas Receivable $ 10.6 $ 14.5 $ 15.0 Gas Inventory September 30, December 31, Gas Inventory ($ millions) 2015 2014 2014 Natural Gas $ 0.3 $ 0.8 $ 0.8 Propane 0.2 0.1 0.2 Liquefied Natural Gas & Other 0.1 0.1 0.1 Total Gas Inventory $ 0.6 $ 1.0 $ 1.1 Utility Plant – Regulatory Accounting – September 30, December 31, Regulatory Assets consist of the following ($ millions) 2015 2014 2014 Retirement Benefits $ 65.3 $ 42.2 $ 65.1 Energy Supply & Other Regulatory Tracker Mechanisms 17.4 17.6 31.0 Deferred Storm Charges 16.9 20.7 21.2 Environmental 11.1 10.6 11.0 Income Taxes 8.9 10.1 9.7 Deferred Restructuring Costs — 2.1 1.6 Other 5.8 6.6 5.8 Total Regulatory Assets $ 125.4 $ 109.9 $ 145.4 Less: Current Portion of Regulatory Assets (1) 22.6 24.6 37.8 Regulatory Assets – noncurrent $ 102.8 $ 85.3 $ 107.6 (1) Reflects amounts included in Accrued Revenue, discussed above, on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. September 30, December 31, Regulatory Liabilities consist of the following ($ millions) 2015 2014 2014 Regulatory Tracker Mechanisms $ 17.1 $ 13.0 $ 8.8 Gas Pipeline Refund (Note 6) 22.0 — — Total Regulatory Liabilities 39.1 13.0 $ 8.8 Less: Current Portion of Regulatory Liabilities 28.1 13.0 8.7 Regulatory Liabilities – noncurrent $ 11.0 $ — $ 0.1 Generally, the Company receives a return on investment on its regulated assets for which a cash outflow has been made. Regulatory commissions can reach different conclusions about the recovery of costs, which can have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company believes it is probable that its regulated distribution and transmission utilities will recover their investments in long-lived assets, including regulatory assets. If the Company, or a portion of its assets or operations, were to cease meeting the criteria for application of these accounting rules, accounting standards for businesses in general would become applicable and immediate recognition of any previously deferred costs, or a portion of deferred costs, would be required in the year in which the criteria are no longer met, if such deferred costs were not recoverable in the portion of the business that continues to meet the criteria for application of the FASB Codification topic on Regulated Operations. If unable to continue to apply the FASB Codification provisions for Regulated Operations, the Company would be required to apply the provisions for the Discontinuation of Rate-Regulated Accounting included in the FASB Codification. In the Company’s opinion, its regulated operations will be subject to the FASB Codification provisions for Regulated Operations for the foreseeable future. Derivatives – The Company has a regulatory approved hedging program for Northern Utilities designed to fix or cap a portion of its gas supply costs for the coming years of service. Northern Utilities purchases call option contracts on NYMEX natural gas futures contracts for future winter period months. Any gains or losses resulting from the change in the fair value of these derivatives are passed through to ratepayers directly through Northern Utilities’ Cost of Gas Adjustment Clause. The fair value of these derivatives is determined using Level 2 inputs (valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly), specifically based on the NYMEX closing prices for outstanding contracts as of the balance sheet date. As a result of the ratemaking process, the Company records gains and losses resulting from the change in fair value of the derivatives as regulatory liabilities or assets, then reclassifies these gains or losses into Cost of Gas Sales when the gains and losses are passed through to customers through the Cost of Gas Adjustment Clause. As of September 30, 2015, September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2014 the Company had 3.7 billion, 3.0 billion and 2.4 billion cubic feet (BCF), respectively, outstanding in natural gas futures and options contracts under its hedging program. The tables below show derivatives, which are part of the regulatory approved hedging program, that are not designated as hedging instruments under FASB ASC 815-20. The tables below include disclosure of the derivative assets and liabilities and the recognition of the charges from their corresponding regulatory liabilities and assets, respectively into Cost of Gas Sales. The current and noncurrent portions of these regulatory assets are recorded as Accrued Revenue and Regulatory Assets, respectively, on the Company’s unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. The current and noncurrent portions of these regulatory liabilities are recorded as Regulatory Liabilities and Other Noncurrent Liabilities, respectively, on the Company’s unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair Value Amount of Derivative Assets / Liabilities ($ millions) Offset in Regulatory Liabilities / Assets, as of: Fair Value Description Balance Sheet Sept. 30, 2015 Sept. 30, December 31, Derivative Assets Natural Gas Options Contracts Prepayments $ — $ — $ — Natural Gas Options Contracts Other Assets 0.1 — 0.1 Total Derivative Assets $ 0.1 $ — $ 0.1 Derivative Liabilities Natural Gas Options Contracts Other Current $ — $ 0.1 $ — Natural Gas Options Contracts Other — 0.1 — Total Derivative Liabilities $ — $ 0.2 $ — Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended ($ millions) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Amount of Loss / (Gain) Recognized in Regulatory Assets (Liabilities) for Derivatives: Natural Gas Futures / Options Contracts $ 0.2 $ 0.1 $ 0.2 $ (0.4 ) Amount of Loss / (Gain) Reclassified into unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings (1) Cost of Gas Sales $ 0.2 $ 0.1 $ 0.2 $ (0.8 ) (1) These amounts are offset in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings with Accrued Revenue and therefore there is no effect on earnings. Energy Supply Obligations – September 30, December 31, Energy Supply Obligations ($ millions) 2015 2014 2014 Current: Exchange Gas Obligation $ 9.9 $ 13.4 $ 14.2 Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards 5.5 4.1 7.4 Power Supply Contract Divestitures 0.4 0.6 0.5 Total Energy Supply Obligations – Current 15.8 18.1 22.1 Long-Term: Power Supply Contract Divestitures 1.7 2.1 1.9 Total Energy Supply Obligations $ 17.5 $ 20.2 $ 24.0 Exchange Gas Obligation – Northern Utilities enters into gas exchange agreements under which Northern Utilities releases certain natural gas pipeline and storage assets, resells the natural gas storage inventory to an asset manager and subsequently repurchases the inventory over the course of the natural gas heating season at the same price at which it sold the natural gas inventory to the asset manager. The gas inventory related to these agreements is recorded in Exchange Gas Receivable on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets while the corresponding obligations are recorded in Energy Supply Obligations. Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards – Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards (RPS) require retail electricity suppliers, including public utilities, to demonstrate that required percentages of their sales are met with power generated from certain types of resources or technologies. Compliance is demonstrated by purchasing and retiring Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) generated by facilities approved by the state as qualifying for REC treatment. Unitil Energy and Fitchburg purchase RECs in compliance with RPS legislation in New Hampshire and Massachusetts for supply provided to default service customers. RPS compliance costs are a supply cost that is recovered in customer default service rates. Unitil Energy and Fitchburg collect RPS compliance costs from customers throughout the year and demonstrate compliance for each calendar year on the following July 1. Due to timing differences between collection of revenue from customers and payment of REC costs to suppliers, Unitil Energy and Fitchburg typically maintain accrued revenue for RPS compliance which is recorded in Accrued Revenue with a corresponding liability in Energy Supply Obligations on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fitchburg has a contract for energy procurement with a renewable energy developer which began commercial production in September 2013. Fitchburg will recover its costs under this contract through a regulatory approved cost tracker reconciling rate mechanism. Power Supply Contract Divestitures – As a result of the restructuring of the utility industry in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, Unitil Energy’s and Fitchburg’s customers have the opportunity to purchase their electric or natural gas supplies from third-party suppliers. In connection with the implementation of retail choice, Unitil Power, which formerly functioned as the wholesale power supply provider for Unitil Energy, and Fitchburg divested their long-term power supply contracts through the sale of the entitlements to the electricity sold under those contracts. Unitil Energy and Fitchburg recover in their rates all the costs associated with the divestiture of their power supply portfolios and have secured regulatory approval from the NHPUC and MDPU, respectively, for the recovery of power supply-related stranded costs. The current and noncurrent obligations related to these divestitures are recorded in Energy Supply Obligations and Other Noncurrent Liabilities, respectively, on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets with corresponding regulatory assets recorded in Accrued Revenue (current portion) and Regulatory Assets (long-term portion). Massachusetts Green Communities Act – In compliance with the Massachusetts Green Communities Act, discussed below in Note 6, Regulatory Matters, Fitchburg has entered into long-term renewable contracts for electric energy and/or renewable energy credits. The facility associated with one of these contracts has been constructed and is operating. The other contracts are pending approval by the MDPU as well as subsequent facility construction and operation. These facilities are anticipated to begin operation by the end of 2016. Fitchburg will recover its costs associated with long-term renewable contracts on a fully reconciling basis through a MDPU-approved cost recovery mechanism. Recently Issued Pronouncements – In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09. ASU 2014-09 outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The effective date of this pronouncement is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted as of the original effective date. The Company is evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11 which provides authoritative guidance requiring inventory to be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The new guidance defines net realizable value as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Current guidance requires inventory to be measured at the lower of cost or market where market could be replacement cost, net realizable value or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin. This pronouncement is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2016 with early adoption permitted. The guidance is required to be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating this new guidance and does not expect it to have any impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07 which provides authoritative guidance removing the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient. Investments measured at net asset value per share using the practical expedient will be presented as a reconciling item between the fair value hierarchy disclosure and the investment line item on the statement of financial position. The guidance also removes the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. Rather, those disclosures are limited to investments for which the entity has elected to measure the fair value using the practical expedient. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 with early adoption permitted. The guidance is required to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company is evaluating the impact this new guidance may have on its disclosures and does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03 which requires entities to present debt issuance costs related to a debt liability as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability on the balance sheet as opposed to being presented as a deferred charge. ASU 2015-03 does not contain guidance for debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. Consequently, in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15 to add paragraphs indicating that the SEC staff would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. The effective date of these pronouncements is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Other than the pronouncements discussed above, there are no recently issued pronouncements that the Company has not already adopted or that have a material impact on the Company. Subsequent Events – |