chairman in his capacity of chairman of the board of directors.
(c) In the event of any inconsistency between the provisions of this Section 4.03 and the provisions of Section 5.02, the latter shall prevail.
Section 4.04 Secretary. The secretary (a) shall keep the minutes of all proceedings of the directors and of the shareholders; (b) shall attend to the giving of notices to the shareholders and directors, or of other notices required by law or by these by-laws; (c) shall have custody of the seal of the corporation and shall affix such seal to deeds, contracts and other written instruments when authorized by the board of directors or when required by law; (d) shall have charge of the stock certificate book and stock ledger and such other books and papers as the board may direct, and (e) shall perform all other duties incident to the office of secretary.
Section 4.05 Treasurer. The treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the corporation. The treasurer shall have the care and custody of all funds, securities, evidences of indebtedness and other personal property of the corporation and shall deposit the same in accordance with the instructions of the board of directors. He shall receive and give receipts and acquittances for moneys paid in on account of the corporation, and shall pay out of the funds on hand all bills, payrolls and other just debts of the corporation of whatever nature upon maturity of the same. He shall enter regularly in books belonging to the corporation, to be kept by him for that purpose, full and accurate accounts of all moneys received and paid out by him on account of the corporation, and he shall perform all other duties incident to the office of the treasurer and, upon request of the board, he shall make such reports to it as may be required at any time. He shall, if required by the board, give the corporation a bond in such sums and with such sureties as shall be satisfactory to the board, conditioned upon the faithful performance of his duties and for the restoration to the corporation in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession, or under his control belonging to the corporation.
Section 4.06 Classified Information and Contracts. If at any time the person holding the office of President of the corporation is not a citizen of the United States, such person shall not have access to any information or control over any contract or program which information, contract or program is classified top secret or secret
under the regulations of the Department of Defense relating to national security. (The preceding sentence has no application to the positions of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; the regulations do not allow for the person or persons holding those offices to be exempt from the requirement of U.S. citizenship.)
ARTICLE V
Removals, Resignations and Vacancies
Section 5.01 Directors. Any director may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the chief executive officer, and such resignation shall take effect at the time therein specified. Whenever any vacancy shall occur in the board of directors by death, resignation or otherwise, the same may be filled by a majority vote of the remaining members of the board at any regular or special meeting. Any person so chosen shall hold office until the next annual meeting or until his successor shall have been chosen at a special meeting of the shareholders.
Section 5.02 Officers. The board of directors may, at any meeting called for the purpose, remove from office any Elected Officer with or without cause. The chief executive officer may remove from office, with or without cause, any Appointed Officer. The removal of an Elected Officer or Appointed Officer without cause shall be without prejudice to his or her contract rights, if any. The election or appointment of an officer shall not of itself create contract rights. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the chief executive officer, and such resignation shall take effect at the time therein specified. Any vacancy occurring in the offices of chairman, president, chief operating officer, executive vice president, group vice president, secretary or treasurer, whether owing to removal, resignation, death or any other reason, may be filled by the board of directors, and the officers so chosen shall hold office until the next regular meeting of the board of directors held immediately after the annual meeting of shareholders.
ARTICLE VI
Stock
Section 6.01 Certificates. Certificates of stock shall be signed in the name of the corporation by the chairman or the president and by the secretary or an assistant secretary and shall be sealed with the seal of the corporation. Certificates for
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each class of authorized stock shall be consecutively numbered, and the names and residences of the owners, the date of issue, the number of shares and the amount paid therefor shall be entered in the stock books. Certificates of stock shall be in such form consistent with law as shall be prescribed by the board of directors. The seal of the corporation attached to any stock certificate may be a facsimile, engraved or printed. Where any stock certificate is signed by a transfer agent or transfer clerk and by a registrar, the signatures of any officer of the corporation appearing upon such certificate may be facsimiles, engraved or printed.
Section 6.02 Lost Certificates. In case of the alleged loss, destruction or mutilation of a certificate or certificates of stock, the board of directors may direct the issuance of a new certificate or certificates in lieu thereof upon such terms and conditions in conformity with law as it may prescribe.
Section 6.03 Transfer of Shares. Upon surrender to the corporation or to a transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate of stock duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, and cancel the old certificate. The corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as may be required by the laws of New York.
Section 6.04 Closing of Transfer Books or Fixing of Record Date. The board of directors may prescribe a period not exceeding fifty days prior to the date of a meeting of the shareholders or prior to the last day on which the consent or dissent of shareholders may be effectively expressed for any purpose without a meeting, during which no transfer of stock on the books may be made; or in lieu of prohibiting the transfer of stock, may fix a time not more than fifty days prior to the date of any meeting of shareholders or prior to the last day on which the consent or dissent of shareholders may be effectively expressed for any purpose without a meeting, as the time as of which shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such a meeting or whose consent or dissent is required or may be expressed for any purpose, as the case may be, shall be
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determined; and all persons who were holders of record of voting stock at such time and no others shall be entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting or to express their consent or dissent, as the case may be. The board of directors may also fix a time not exceeding fifty days preceding the time fixed for the payment of any dividend or the making of any distribution, or for the delivery of evidences of rights, or evidences of interests arising out of any change, conversion or exchange of capital stock, as a record time for the determination of the shareholders entitled to receive any such dividend, distribution, rights or interests, or, at its option, in lieu of so fixing a record time, may prescribe a period not exceeding fifty days prior to the date for such payment, distribution or delivery during which no transfer of stock on the books of the corporation may be made.
ARTICLE VII
Indemnification
Section 7.01 Indemnification by the Corporation. The corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, indemnify any person made or threatened to be made a party to any action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (and whether or not (i) by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor or (ii) by or in the right of any Other Entity (as defined below) which such person served in any capacity at the request of the corporation, to procure a judgment in its favor), by reason of the fact that such person, or his or her testator or intestate, is or was a director or officer of the corporation or served such Other Entity in any capacity at the request of the corporation, against all judgments, fines, amounts paid in settlement and all expenses, including attorneys' and other experts' fees, costs and disbursements, actually and reasonably incurred by such person as a result of such action or proceeding, or any appeal therein, or actually and reasonably incurred by such person (a) in making an application for payment of such expenses before any court or other governmental body, or (b) in otherwise seeking to enforce the provisions of this Section 7.01, or (c) in securing or enforcing such person's rights under any policy of director or officer liability insurance provided by the corporation, if such person acted in good faith, for a purpose which he or she reasonably believed to be in, or, in the case of services for any Other Entity, not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation and, in criminal
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actions or proceedings, in addition, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action or proceeding by judgment, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere, or its equivalent, shall not in itself create a presumption that such person did not act in good faith, for a purpose which he or she reasonably believed to be in, or, in the case of service for any Other Entity, not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation or that he or she had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.
However, (i) no indemnification may be made to or on behalf of any such person if a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to such person establishes that his or her acts were committed in bad faith or were the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and were material to the cause of action so adjudicated, or that he or she personally gained in fact a financial profit or other advantage to which he or she was not legally entitled; (ii) no indemnification may be made if there has been a settlement approved by the court and the indemnification would be inconsistent with any condition with respect to indemnification expressly imposed by the court in approving the settlement; (iii) except as provided in the immediately following paragraph hereof, the corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify any person by reason of the adoption of this Section 7.01 if and to the extent such person is entitled to be indemnified under a policy of insurance as such policy would apply in the absence of the adoption of this Section 7.01; and (iv) in the event of a proceeding by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor, no indemnification may be made if it is settled or otherwise disposed of or such person shall have been finally adjudged liable to the corporation, unless (and only to the extent that) the court in which the action was brought, or if no action was brought, any court of competent jurisdiction, determines upon application that, in view of all circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such portion of the settlement amount and expenses as the court deems proper.
Any expense described in the first paragraph of this Section 7.01 that is incurred by any person entitled to indemnification under this Section 7.01, or who would be entitled to indemnification under this Section 7.01 but for clause "(iii)" of the immediately preceding paragraph, shall be paid or reimbursed to such person by the
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corporation in advance of the final disposition of any related action or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay such amount to the corporation to the extent, if any, that such person (i) is ultimately found not to be entitled to indemnification or (ii) receives reimbursement for such expenses under a policy of insurance paid for by the corporation. Such advances shall be paid by the corporation to such person within twenty days following delivery of a written request therefor by such person to the corporation. No payment made by the corporation pursuant to this paragraph shall be deemed or construed to relieve the issuer of any insurance policy of any obligation or liability which, but for such payment, such insurer would have to the corporation or to any director or officer of the corporation or other individual to whom or on whose behalf such payment is made by the corporation.
The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by this Section 7.01: (i) shall continue as to the person entitled to indemnification hereunder even though he or she may have ceased to serve in the capacity that entitles him or her to indemnification at the time of the action or proceeding and (ii) shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person.
A person who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of a civil or criminal action or proceeding of the character described in this Section 7.01 shall be entitled to (i.e., has a legally binding right against the corporation to) the indemnification authorized by this Section 7.01. Except as provided in the immediately preceding sentence, any indemnification provided for in this Section 7.01 (unless ordered by a court under Section 724 of the Business Corporation Law), shall be made by the corporation only if authorized in the specific case:
(1) By the board of directors acting by a quorum consisting of directors who are not parties to such action or proceeding for which indemnification is sought, upon a finding that the person seeking indemnification has met the standard of conduct set forth in the first two paragraphs of this Section 7.01, or,
(2) If a quorum under the immediately preceding subparagraph is not obtainable or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs:
(A) by the board upon the opinion in writing of independent legal counsel that indemnification is proper in the circumstances because the applicable
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standard of conduct set forth in said first two paragraphs has been met by such person, or
(B) by the shareholders upon a finding that the person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in said first two paragraphs.
Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, no amendment or repeal of this Section 7.01, or any other corporate action or agreement which prohibits or otherwise limits the right of any person to indemnification or advancement or reimbursement of reasonable expenses hereunder, shall; be effective as to any person until the 60th day following notice to such person of such action, and no such amendment or repeal or other corporate action or agreement shall deprive any person of any right hereunder arising out of any alleged or actual act or omission occurring prior to such 60th day.
The corporation is hereby authorized, but shall not be required, to enter into agreements with any of its directors, officers or employees providing for rights to indemnification and advancement and reimbursement of reasonable expenses, including attorneys' fees, to the extent permitted by law, but the corporation's failure to do so shall not in any manner affect or limit the rights provided for by this Section 7.01 or otherwise.
For purposes of this Section 7.01, the term "the corporation" shall include any legal successor to the corporation, including any corporation which acquires all or substantially all of the assets of the corporation in one or more transactions, and the term "Other Entity" shall mean a corporation (other than the corporation) of any type or kind, domestic or foreign, or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise. For purposes of this Section 7.01, the corporation shall be deemed to have requested a person to serve an employee benefit plan where the performance by such person of his or her duties to the corporation or any subsidiary thereof also imposes duties on, or otherwise involves services by, such person to the plan or participants or beneficiaries of the plan; excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan pursuant to applicable law shall be considered fines; and action taken or omitted by a person with respect to any employee benefit plan in the performance of such person's duties for a purpose reasonably believed by such person to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of the plan shall be deemed to be for a purpose which is not opposed to the best interests of the corporation.
Section 7.02 Non-Exclusivity. The rights granted pursuant to or provided
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by the provisions of Section 7.01 to any person shall be in addition to and shall not be exclusive of any other rights to indemnification and expenses to which any such person may otherwise be entitled by law, contract or otherwise.
ARTICLE VIII
Amendments
Section 8.01 By Shareholders. The shareholders may make, amend and repeal the by-laws of the corporation at any annual meeting or at any special meeting called for the purpose.
Section 8.02 By Directors. Subject to the provisions of Section 8.03 hereof, the board of directors shall have power to make, amend and repeal the by-laws of the corporation, by the vote of a majority of the entire board (as the term "entire board" is defined in Section 3.01 hereof and in Business Corporation Law Section 702), at any regular or special meeting of the board.
Section 8.03 By Shareholders Only. The board of directors shall have no power to amend or repeal any of the provisions of Sections 2.02, 2.03, 2.04, or this Section 8.03, and any such provisions may be amended or repealed only in the manner provided in Section 8.01. Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, the board of directors may amend this Section 8.03 if the sole effect of such amendment is to add to the list of the provisions which may only be amended in the manner set forth in Section 8.01.
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