ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES, NONACCRUING LOANS AND LEASES, AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK | NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES, NONACCRUING LOANS AND LEASES, AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK Allowance for Credit Losses Recorded in the ACL is management’s estimate of expected credit losses in the Company’s loan and lease portfolios. See Note 5 in the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the ACL reserve methodology and estimation techniques as of December 31, 2020. There were no significant changes to the ACL reserve methodology in the six months ended June 30, 2021. The following table presents a summary of changes in the ALLL and the allowance for unfunded lending commitments for the three months ended and six months ended June 30, 2021: Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 (in millions) Commercial Retail Total Commercial Retail Total Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period $1,146 $1,048 $2,194 $1,233 $1,210 $2,443 Charge-offs (45) (80) (125) (179) (173) (352) Recoveries 4 43 47 34 82 116 Net charge-offs (41) (37) (78) (145) (91) (236) Provision charged to income (152) (17) (169) (135) (125) (260) Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period $953 $994 $1,947 $953 $994 $1,947 Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period $165 $13 $178 $186 $41 $227 Provision for unfunded lending commitments (44) — (44) (65) (28) (93) Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period $121 $13 $134 $121 $13 $134 Overall, an ending ACL balance of $2.1 billion at June 30, 2021 compared to $2.7 billion at December 31, 2020. The difference in ACL as of June 30, 2021 as compared to December 31, 2020 was due to net charge-offs of $236 million, as detailed below, coupled with a credit provision benefit of $353 million. This reflected strong credit performance across the retail and commercial loan portfolios, and improvement in the macroeconomic outlook. The increase in commercial net charge-offs of $30 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020 was driven by COVID-19-related charge-offs in CRE. Retail net charge-offs were down $78 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2020 as a result of government stimulus and forbearance programs as well as strong collateral values in automobile and residential real estate. To determine the ACL as of June 30, 2021, Citizens utilized an economic forecast that generally reflects real GDP growth of approximately 5.7% over 2021. The forecast also projects the unemployment rate to be in the range of 5.9% to 6.6% throughout 2021. This forecast reflects an overall improved macroeconomic outlook as compared to December 31, 2020. In addition to judgment applied to the commercial portfolio as a whole, Citizens continued to apply management judgment to adjust the modeled reserves in the commercial industry sectors most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns, including CRE retail and hospitality and casual dining. The following table presents a summary of changes in the ALLL and the allowance for unfunded lending commitments for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2020: Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 (in millions) Commercial Retail Total Commercial Retail Total Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period $752 $1,419 $2,171 $674 $578 $1,252 Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle — — — (176) 629 453 Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period, adjusted 752 1,419 2,171 498 1,207 1,705 Charge-offs (74) (106) (180) (121) (233) (354) Recoveries 3 30 33 6 64 70 Net charge-offs (71) (76) (147) (115) (169) (284) Provision charged to income 554 (130) 424 852 175 1,027 Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period $1,235 $1,213 $2,448 $1,235 $1,213 $2,448 Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period $38 $1 $39 $44 $— $44 Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle — — — (3) 1 (2) Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period, adjusted 38 1 39 41 1 42 Provision for unfunded lending commitments 31 9 40 28 9 37 Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period $69 $10 $79 $69 $10 $79 Credit Quality Indicators The Company presents loan and lease portfolio segments and classes by credit quality indicator and vintage year. Citizens defines the vintage date for the purpose of this disclosure as the date of the most recent credit decision. In general, renewals are categorized as new credit decisions and reflect the renewal date as the vintage date. Loans modified in a TDR are considered a continuation of the original loan and vintage date corresponds with the most recent credit decision. For commercial loans and leases, Citizens utilizes regulatory classification ratings to monitor credit quality. The assignment of regulatory classification ratings occurs at loan origination and are periodically re-evaluated by Citizens utilizing a risk-based approach, including any time management becomes aware of information affecting the borrowers' ability to fulfill their obligations. The review process considers both quantitative and qualitative factors. Loans with a “pass” rating are those that the Company believes will fully repay in accordance with the contractual loan terms. Commercial loans and leases identified as “criticized” have some weakness or potential weakness that indicate an increased probability of future loss. Citizens groups “criticized” loans into three categories, “special mention,” “substandard,” and “doubtful.” Special mention loans have potential weaknesses that, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the Company’s credit position at some future date. Substandard loans are inadequately protected loans; these loans have well-defined weaknesses that could hinder normal repayment or collection of the debt. Doubtful loans have the same weaknesses as substandard, with the added characteristic that the possibility of loss is high and collection of the full amount of the loan is improbable. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases, by vintage date and regulatory classification rating, as of June 30, 2021: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (in millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior to 2017 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial Pass (1) $5,146 $5,140 $5,260 $3,623 $1,975 $2,797 $15,853 $151 $39,945 Special Mention 3 41 196 196 74 181 454 — 1,145 Substandard 32 125 263 267 114 226 583 21 1,631 Doubtful 27 16 16 22 12 18 7 3 121 Total commercial and industrial 5,208 5,322 5,735 4,108 2,175 3,222 16,897 175 42,842 Commercial real estate Pass 462 2,572 3,726 3,013 1,026 1,507 809 — 13,115 Special Mention 73 7 193 102 155 122 14 — 666 Substandard 1 39 210 135 146 73 — — 604 Doubtful — 9 16 — — 2 — — 27 Total commercial real estate 536 2,627 4,145 3,250 1,327 1,704 823 — 14,412 Leases Pass 269 368 216 203 98 622 — — 1,776 Special Mention 1 2 1 2 5 18 — — 29 Substandard — 16 5 1 — 1 — — 23 Doubtful — — — — — 1 — — 1 Total leases 270 386 222 206 103 642 — — 1,829 Total commercial Pass (1) 5,877 8,080 9,202 6,839 3,099 4,926 16,662 151 54,836 Special Mention 77 50 390 300 234 321 468 — 1,840 Substandard 33 180 478 403 260 300 583 21 2,258 Doubtful 27 25 32 22 12 21 7 3 149 Total commercial $6,014 $8,335 $10,102 $7,564 $3,605 $5,568 $17,720 $175 $59,083 (1) Includes $3.5 billion of PPP loans designated as pass that are fully guaranteed by the SBA originating in 2021 and 2020. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases, by vintage date and regulatory classification rating, as of December 31, 2020: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (in millions) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior to 2016 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial Pass (1) $8,036 $5,730 $4,180 $2,174 $1,157 $1,980 $17,281 $340 $40,878 Special Mention 34 264 163 84 60 173 771 34 1,583 Substandard 91 195 248 100 81 127 600 22 1,464 Doubtful 65 10 34 38 3 31 63 4 248 Total commercial and industrial 8,226 6,199 4,625 2,396 1,301 2,311 18,715 400 44,173 Commercial real estate Pass 1,848 2,836 2,810 1,106 566 919 3,271 — 13,356 Special Mention 19 130 121 92 94 48 300 — 804 Substandard 116 2 65 5 53 26 149 — 416 Doubtful 16 26 8 — — 2 24 — 76 Total commercial real estate 1,999 2,994 3,004 1,203 713 995 3,744 — 14,652 Leases Pass 455 246 229 139 180 673 — — 1,922 Special Mention 3 4 2 4 2 18 — — 33 Substandard — 2 2 4 4 — — — 12 Doubtful — — — — — 1 — — 1 Total leases 458 252 233 147 186 692 — — 1,968 Total commercial Pass (1) 10,339 8,812 7,219 3,419 1,903 3,572 20,552 340 56,156 Special Mention 56 398 286 180 156 239 1,071 34 2,420 Substandard 207 199 315 109 138 153 749 22 1,892 Doubtful 81 36 42 38 3 34 87 4 325 Total commercial $10,683 $9,445 $7,862 $3,746 $2,200 $3,998 $22,459 $400 $60,793 (1) Includes $4.2 billion PPP loans designated as pass that are fully guaranteed by the SBA originating in 2020. For retail loans, Citizens utilizes FICO credit scores and the loan’s payment and delinquency status to monitor credit quality. Management believes FICO scores are the strongest indicator of credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and assist management in predicting the borrower’s future payment performance. Scores are based on current and historical national industry-wide consumer level credit performance data. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans, by vintage date and FICO scores, as of June 30, 2021: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (in millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior to 2017 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Residential mortgages 800+ $851 $3,079 $1,574 $454 $897 $2,697 $— $— $9,552 740-799 1,619 2,261 890 311 448 1,335 — — 6,864 680-739 377 653 360 178 169 660 — — 2,397 620-679 42 112 180 103 117 328 — — 882 <620 2 49 153 162 167 293 — — 826 No FICO available (1) 2 3 1 — — 11 — — 17 Total residential mortgages 2,893 6,157 3,158 1,208 1,798 5,324 — — 20,538 Home equity 800+ 1 2 6 6 5 170 4,292 318 4,800 740-799 — 1 5 6 6 146 3,333 306 3,803 680-739 — 1 8 13 18 162 1,608 274 2,084 620-679 — 3 13 24 20 133 336 182 711 <620 — 3 20 25 23 106 79 187 443 No FICO available (1) — — — — — — — — — Total home equity 1 10 52 74 72 717 9,648 1,267 11,841 Automobile 800+ 756 951 681 333 223 122 — — 3,066 740-799 1,096 1,320 813 401 242 122 — — 3,994 680-739 969 1,109 690 335 190 98 — — 3,391 620-679 458 506 345 184 108 63 — — 1,664 <620 59 138 180 133 90 61 — — 661 No FICO available (1) 3 — — — — 1 — — 4 Total automobile 3,341 4,024 2,709 1,386 853 467 — — 12,780 Education 800+ 564 1,843 1,103 662 590 1,066 — — 5,828 740-799 759 1,831 892 480 338 614 — — 4,914 680-739 204 536 289 172 123 300 — — 1,624 620-679 14 54 45 37 29 110 — — 289 <620 1 6 10 12 10 49 — — 88 No FICO available (1) 2 — — — — 55 — — 57 Total education 1,544 4,270 2,339 1,363 1,090 2,194 — — 12,800 Other retail 800+ 107 343 209 100 48 42 357 — 1,206 740-799 169 479 285 128 58 36 662 2 1,819 680-739 150 372 190 85 37 18 593 5 1,450 620-679 94 181 65 28 10 6 208 6 598 <620 11 39 23 13 4 2 66 7 165 No FICO available (1) 6 8 — — — — 285 2 301 Total other retail 537 1,422 772 354 157 104 2,171 22 5,539 Total retail 800+ 2,279 6,218 3,573 1,555 1,763 4,097 4,649 318 24,452 740-799 3,643 5,892 2,885 1,326 1,092 2,253 3,995 308 21,394 680-739 1,700 2,671 1,537 783 537 1,238 2,201 279 10,946 620-679 608 856 648 376 284 640 544 188 4,144 <620 73 235 386 345 294 511 145 194 2,183 No FICO available (1) 13 11 1 — — 67 285 2 379 Total retail $8,316 $15,883 $9,030 $4,385 $3,970 $8,806 $11,819 $1,289 $63,498 (1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes). The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans, by vintage date and FICO scores, as of December 31, 2020: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (in millions) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior to 2016 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Residential mortgages 800+ $2,687 $1,885 $638 $1,129 $1,615 $1,755 $— $— $9,709 740-799 2,931 1,133 398 527 743 904 — — 6,636 680-739 784 351 162 172 295 458 — — 2,222 620-679 97 94 44 56 66 223 — — 580 <620 12 28 35 58 50 185 — — 368 No FICO available (1) 1 2 1 5 1 14 — — 24 Total residential mortgages 6,512 3,493 1,278 1,947 2,770 3,539 — — 19,539 Home equity 800+ 2 8 10 7 5 216 4,319 344 4,911 740-799 2 6 7 6 5 180 3,234 331 3,771 680-739 1 6 10 15 8 179 1,632 284 2,135 620-679 — 10 18 21 14 136 402 195 796 <620 1 17 30 29 18 122 105 214 536 Total home equity 6 47 75 78 50 833 9,692 1,368 12,149 Automobile 800+ 1,056 812 424 312 169 62 — — 2,835 740-799 1,514 1,022 531 344 172 59 — — 3,642 680-739 1,347 889 461 282 138 47 — — 3,164 620-679 669 484 259 157 84 32 — — 1,685 <620 140 242 189 137 79 34 — — 821 No FICO available (1) 2 — — — — 4 — — 6 Total automobile 4,728 3,449 1,864 1,232 642 238 — — 12,153 Education 800+ 1,817 1,363 849 781 578 777 — — 6,165 740-799 1,797 1,009 541 387 251 423 — — 4,408 680-739 450 294 173 127 90 221 — — 1,355 620-679 26 35 33 28 25 95 — — 242 <620 2 5 10 10 8 41 — — 76 No FICO available (1) 2 — — — — 60 — — 62 Total education 4,094 2,706 1,606 1,333 952 1,617 — — 12,308 Other retail 800+ 461 380 163 77 15 44 341 — 1,481 740-799 620 460 184 81 19 31 638 2 2,035 680-739 495 302 111 48 10 13 561 5 1,545 620-679 248 104 37 14 3 5 174 7 592 <620 24 30 17 6 1 3 77 8 166 No FICO available (1) 54 1 — — — — 272 2 329 Total other retail 1,902 1,277 512 226 48 96 2,063 24 6,148 Total retail 800+ 6,023 4,448 2,084 2,306 2,382 2,854 4,660 344 25,101 740-799 6,864 3,630 1,661 1,345 1,190 1,597 3,872 333 20,492 680-739 3,077 1,842 917 644 541 918 2,193 289 10,421 620-679 1,040 727 391 276 192 491 576 202 3,895 <620 179 322 281 240 156 385 182 222 1,967 No FICO available (1) 59 3 1 5 1 78 272 2 421 Total retail $17,242 $10,972 $5,335 $4,816 $4,462 $6,323 $11,755 $1,392 $62,297 (1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes). Nonaccrual and Past Due Assets The following table presents nonaccrual loans and leases and loans accruing and 90 days or more past due: As of June 30, 2021 As of December 31, 2020 (in millions) Nonaccrual loans and leases 90+ days past due and accruing Nonaccrual with no related ACL Nonaccrual loans and leases 90+ days past due and accruing Nonaccrual with no related ACL Commercial and industrial $163 $— $40 $280 $20 $56 Commercial real estate 102 — 37 176 — 2 Leases 1 1 — 2 1 — Total commercial 266 1 77 458 21 58 Residential mortgages (1) 174 270 138 167 30 96 Home equity 234 — 189 276 — 207 Automobile 62 — 34 72 — 17 Education 21 2 2 18 2 2 Other retail 22 7 2 28 9 — Total retail 513 279 365 561 41 322 Total loans and leases $779 $280 $442 $1,019 $62 $380 (1) 90+ days past due and accruing includes $266 million and $21 million of loans fully or partially guaranteed by the FHA, VA and USDA for June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Interest income is generally not recognized for loans and leases that are on nonaccrual status. The Company reverses accrued interest receivable with a charge to interest income upon classifying the loan or lease as nonaccrual. The following table presents an analysis of the age of both accruing and nonaccruing loan and lease past due amounts: June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Days Past Due Days Past Due (in millions) Current-29 30-59 60-89 90+ Total Current-29 30-59 60-89 90+ Total Commercial and industrial $42,769 $24 $7 $42 $42,842 $43,817 $223 $16 $117 $44,173 Commercial real estate 14,310 1 — 101 14,412 14,531 1 85 35 14,652 Leases 1,827 — — 2 1,829 1,956 9 — 3 1,968 Total commercial 58,906 25 7 145 59,083 60,304 233 101 155 60,793 Residential mortgages (1) 19,885 176 61 416 20,538 19,291 59 21 168 19,539 Home equity 11,607 32 17 185 11,841 11,848 61 28 212 12,149 Automobile 12,613 114 43 10 12,780 11,901 170 65 17 12,153 Education 12,747 29 13 11 12,800 12,255 33 13 7 12,308 Other retail 5,454 37 20 28 5,539 6,047 38 29 34 6,148 Total retail 62,306 388 154 650 63,498 61,342 361 156 438 62,297 Total $121,212 $413 $161 $795 $122,581 $121,646 $594 $257 $593 $123,090 (1) 90+ days past due includes $266 million and $44 million of loans fully or partially guaranteed by the FHA, VA, and USDA at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had collateral-dependent residential mortgage and home equity loans totaling $554 million and $552 million, respectively. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had collateral-dependent commercial loans totaling $66 million and $206 million, respectively. The amortized cost basis of mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process was $152 million and $119 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Troubled Debt Restructurings The following tables summarize loans modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020. The balances represent the post-modification outstanding amortized cost basis and may include loans that became TDRs during the period and were subsequently paid off in full, charged off, or sold prior to period end. Pre-modification balances for modified loans approximate the post-modification balances shown. Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in millions) Number of Contracts Interest Rate Reduction (1) Maturity Extension (2) Other (3) Total Commercial and industrial 15 $— $3 $54 $57 Commercial real estate — — — — — Total commercial 15 — 3 54 57 Residential mortgages 671 8 120 44 172 Home equity 102 1 3 3 7 Automobile 379 1 — 5 6 Education 265 — — 9 9 Other retail 585 1 — — 1 Total retail 2,002 11 123 61 195 Total 2,017 $11 $126 $115 $252 Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in millions) Number of Contracts Interest Rate Reduction (1) Maturity Extension (2) Other (3) Total Commercial and industrial 19 $— $3 $53 $56 Commercial real estate — — — — — Total commercial 19 — 3 53 56 Residential mortgages 145 11 14 3 28 Home equity 266 2 4 11 17 Automobile 947 — — 15 15 Education 142 — — 4 4 Other retail 710 3 — 1 4 Total retail 2,210 16 18 34 68 Total 2,229 $16 $21 $87 $124 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in millions) Number of Contracts Interest Rate Reduction (1) Maturity Extension (2) Other (3) Total Commercial and industrial 22 $— $6 $54 $60 Commercial real estate — — — — — Total commercial 22 — 6 54 60 Residential mortgages 713 12 126 47 185 Home equity 249 3 8 7 18 Automobile 1,048 1 — 13 14 Education 412 — — 13 13 Other retail 1,215 4 — 1 5 Total retail 3,637 20 134 81 235 Total 3,659 $20 $140 $135 $295 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 Amortized Cost Basis (dollars in millions) Number of Contracts Interest Rate Reduction (1) Maturity Extension (2) Other (3) Total Commercial and industrial 38 $— $3 $94 $97 Commercial real estate — — — — — Total commercial 38 — 3 94 97 Residential mortgages 241 17 21 7 45 Home equity 389 6 4 15 25 Automobile 1,177 1 — 17 18 Education 233 — — 6 6 Other retail 1,683 7 — 2 9 Total retail 3,723 31 25 47 103 Total 3,761 $31 $28 $141 $200 (1) Includes modifications that consist of multiple concessions, one of which is an interest rate reduction. (2) Includes modifications that consist of multiple concessions, one of which is a maturity extension (unless one of the other concessions was an interest rate reduction). (3) Includes modifications other than interest rate reductions or maturity extensions, such as lowering scheduled payments for a specified period of time, principal forgiveness, and capitalizing arrearages. Also included are the following: deferrals, trial modifications, certain bankruptcies, loans in forbearance and prepayment plans. Modifications can include the deferral of accrued interest resulting in post-modification balances being higher than pre-modification. Modified TDRs resulted in charge-offs of $2 million and $4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Citizens recorded $4 million and $6 million of charge-offs related to TDRs for each of the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Unfunded commitments related to TDRs were $45 million and $49 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. A payment default refers to a loan that becomes 90 days or more past due under the modified terms. Loan data includes loans meeting the criteria that were paid off in full, charged off, or sold prior to June 30, 2021 and 2020. For commercial loans, recorded investment in TDRs that defaulted within 12 months of their modification date for the three months ended June 30, 2021 were $1 million and there were $26 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. The amortized cost basis of commercial TDRs that defaulted within 12 months of their modification date was $23 million and $39 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. For retail loans, there were $14 million and $14 million of loans which defaulted within their restructuring date for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There were $29 million and $25 million of loans which defaulted within 12 months of their restructuring date for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Concentrations of Credit Risk Most of the Company’s lending activity is with customers located in the New England, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions. Generally, loans are collateralized by assets including real estate, inventory, accounts receivable, other personal property and investment securities. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Citizens had a significant amount of loans collateralized by residential and commercial real estate. There were no significant concentration risks within the commercial loan or retail loan portfolios. Exposure to credit losses arising from lending transactions may fluctuate with fair values of collateral supporting loans, which may not perform according to contractual agreements. The Company’s policy is to collateralize loans to the extent necessary; however, unsecured loans are also granted based on the financial strength of the applicant and the facts surrounding the transaction. Certain loan products, including residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, and credit cards, have contractual features that may increase credit exposure to the Company in the event of an increase in interest rates or a decline in housing values. These products include loans that exceed 90% of the value of the underlying collateral (high LTV loans), interest-only residential mortgages, and loans with low introductory rates. The following tables present balances of loans with these characteristics: June 30, 2021 (in millions) Residential Mortgages Home Equity Other Retail Education Total High loan-to-value $235 $27 $— $— $262 Interest-only 3,143 — — 1 3,144 Low introductory rate — — 135 — 135 Total $3,378 $27 $135 $1 $3,541 December 31, 2020 (in millions) Residential Mortgages Home Equity Other Retail Education Total High loan-to-value $289 $64 $— $— $353 Interest-only 2,801 — — — 2,801 Low introductory rate — — 170 — 170 Total $3,090 $64 $170 $1 $3,324 |