CREDIT QUALITY AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 4 - CREDIT QUALITY AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Allowance for Credit Losses The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses in its loan and lease portfolios is recorded in the ACL and considers extensive historical loss experience, including the impact of loss mitigation and restructuring programs that the Company offers to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, as well as projected loss severity as a result of loan default. For a detailed discussion of the ACL reserve methodology and estimation techniques as of December 31, 2023, see Note 6 in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. There were no significant changes to the ACL reserve methodology during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The following table presents a summary of changes in the ACL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024: Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Commercial Retail Total Commercial Retail Total Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period $1,234 $852 $2,086 $1,250 $848 $2,098 Charge-offs (100) (123) (223) (202) (252) (454) Recoveries 4 35 39 21 68 89 Net charge-offs (96) (88) (184) (181) (184) (365) Provision expense (benefit) for loans and leases 144 79 223 213 179 392 Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period 1,282 843 2,125 1,282 843 2,125 Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period 191 31 222 175 45 220 Provision expense (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments (44) 3 (41) (28) (11) (39) Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period 147 34 181 147 34 181 Total allowance for credit losses, end of period $1,429 $877 $2,306 $1,429 $877 $2,306 During the six months ended June 30, 2024, net charge-offs of $365 million and a provision for expected credit losses of $353 million resulted in an decrease of $12 million to the ACL. As of June 30, 2024, the ACL economic forecast over a two-year reasonable and supportable period was consistent with December 31, 2023, with peak unemployment of approximately 5.0% and start-to-trough real GDP decline of approximately 0.4%. These forecasts reflect a mild recession over the two-year reasonable and supportable period. The following table presents a summary of changes in the ACL for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023: Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Commercial Retail Total Commercial Retail Total Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period $1,111 $906 $2,017 $1,060 $923 $1,983 Charge-offs (79) (110) (189) (138) (222) (360) Recoveries 3 34 37 10 65 75 Net charge-offs (76) (76) (152) (128) (157) (285) Provision expense (benefit) for loans and leases 122 57 179 225 121 346 Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period 1,157 887 2,044 1,157 887 2,044 Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period 215 43 258 207 50 257 Provision expense (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments (2) (1) (3) 6 (8) (2) Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period 213 42 255 213 42 255 Total allowance for credit losses, end of period $1,370 $929 $2,299 $1,370 $929 $2,299 Credit Quality Indicators The Company presents loan and lease portfolio segments and classes by credit quality indicator and vintage year. Citizens defines the vintage date for the purpose of this disclosure as the date of the most recent credit decision. Renewals are categorized as new credit decisions and reflect the renewal date as the vintage date, except for renewals of loans modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, or FDMs, which are presented in the original vintage. Citizens utilizes internal risk ratings to monitor credit quality for commercial loans and leases. For more information on these ratings see Note 6 in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases by vintage date and internal risk rating as of June 30, 2024: Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior to 2020 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial Pass $2,807 $3,159 $5,507 $4,190 $1,176 $2,581 $21,128 $77 $40,625 Special Mention — 61 123 298 58 28 395 — 963 Substandard Accrual — 32 229 274 132 347 749 11 1,774 Nonaccrual — 23 49 29 5 101 47 7 261 Total commercial and industrial 2,807 3,275 5,908 4,791 1,371 3,057 22,319 95 43,623 Commercial real estate Pass 1,197 1,296 5,726 5,937 2,084 5,182 1,529 5 22,956 Special Mention — 3 812 561 134 389 96 — 1,995 Substandard Accrual — — 422 259 479 1,310 207 5 2,682 Nonaccrual — — 79 45 98 454 2 — 678 Total commercial real estate 1,197 1,299 7,039 6,802 2,795 7,335 1,834 10 28,311 Total commercial Pass 4,004 4,455 11,233 10,127 3,260 7,763 22,657 82 63,581 Special Mention — 64 935 859 192 417 491 — 2,958 Substandard Accrual — 32 651 533 611 1,657 956 16 4,456 Nonaccrual — 23 128 74 103 555 49 7 939 Total commercial $4,004 $4,574 $12,947 $11,593 $4,166 $10,392 $24,153 $105 $71,934 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases by vintage date and internal risk rating as of December 31, 2023: Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior to 2019 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial Pass $3,694 $6,512 $5,331 $1,445 $1,147 $2,299 $21,033 $53 $41,514 Special Mention 59 221 355 30 50 113 368 — 1,196 Substandard Accrual 8 189 337 218 125 287 792 11 1,967 Nonaccrual 1 72 54 4 5 102 53 6 297 Total commercial and industrial 3,762 6,994 6,077 1,697 1,327 2,801 22,246 70 44,974 Commercial real estate Pass 1,906 5,791 6,062 2,555 2,294 3,895 1,975 8 24,486 Special Mention — 713 539 222 183 260 75 — 1,992 Substandard Accrual — 277 203 469 528 939 100 — 2,516 Nonaccrual 1 66 2 23 144 238 3 — 477 Total commercial real estate 1,907 6,847 6,806 3,269 3,149 5,332 2,153 8 29,471 Total commercial Pass 5,600 12,303 11,393 4,000 3,441 6,194 23,008 61 66,000 Special Mention 59 934 894 252 233 373 443 — 3,188 Substandard Accrual 8 466 540 687 653 1,226 892 11 4,483 Nonaccrual 2 138 56 27 149 340 56 6 774 Total commercial $5,669 $13,841 $12,883 $4,966 $4,476 $8,133 $24,399 $78 $74,445 For retail loans, Citizens utilizes FICO credit scores and the loan’s payment and delinquency status to monitor credit quality. Management believes FICO scores are the strongest indicator of credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and assist management in predicting the borrower’s future payment performance. Scores are based on current and historical national industry-wide consumer level credit performance data. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans by vintage date and current FICO score as of June 30, 2024: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior to 2020 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Residential mortgages 800+ $469 $1,206 $3,182 $5,230 $3,023 $4,112 $— $— $17,222 740-799 763 1,043 1,810 2,354 1,394 2,054 — — 9,418 680-739 148 294 626 704 448 1,044 — — 3,264 620-679 21 48 106 148 80 535 — — 938 <620 4 27 63 141 87 707 — — 1,029 No FICO available (1) — — — 2 1 16 — — 19 Total residential mortgages 1,405 2,618 5,787 8,579 5,033 8,468 — — 31,890 Home equity 800+ 1 — 4 4 1 84 5,280 210 5,584 740-799 — — 1 2 1 74 4,932 227 5,237 680-739 — — 1 1 2 86 2,788 188 3,066 620-679 — 1 3 1 2 69 716 147 939 <620 — 1 4 2 1 71 382 247 708 No FICO available (1) — — — — — — — — — Total home equity 1 2 13 10 7 384 14,098 1,019 15,534 Automobile 800+ — 78 465 871 273 119 — — 1,806 740-799 — 114 544 793 265 122 — — 1,838 680-739 — 115 455 536 176 90 — — 1,372 620-679 — 68 245 260 82 54 — — 709 <620 — 46 215 253 80 64 — — 658 No FICO available (1) — — — — — — — — — Total automobile — 421 1,924 2,713 876 449 — — 6,383 Education 800+ 73 376 668 1,602 1,342 1,628 — — 5,689 740-799 106 398 634 905 734 912 — — 3,689 680-739 31 166 250 286 237 377 — — 1,347 620-679 10 49 61 64 53 124 — — 361 <620 2 9 19 27 24 63 — — 144 No FICO available (1) 2 — — — — 33 — — 35 Total education 224 998 1,632 2,884 2,390 3,137 — — 11,265 Other retail 800+ 87 127 47 24 22 18 509 — 834 740-799 154 176 60 28 27 21 934 1 1,401 680-739 125 149 51 24 23 15 904 2 1,293 620-679 51 81 34 15 12 5 377 1 576 <620 9 39 36 18 11 5 229 1 348 No FICO available (1) 2 2 — — — — 380 — 384 Total other retail 428 574 228 109 95 64 3,333 5 4,836 Total retail 800+ 630 1,787 4,366 7,731 4,661 5,961 5,789 210 31,135 740-799 1,023 1,731 3,049 4,082 2,421 3,183 5,866 228 21,583 680-739 304 724 1,383 1,551 886 1,612 3,692 190 10,342 620-679 82 247 449 488 229 787 1,093 148 3,523 <620 15 122 337 441 203 910 611 248 2,887 No FICO available (1) 4 2 — 2 1 49 380 — 438 Total retail $2,058 $4,613 $9,584 $14,295 $8,401 $12,502 $17,431 $1,024 $69,908 (1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes). The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans by vintage date and current FICO score as of December 31, 2023: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior to 2019 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Residential mortgages 800+ $889 $3,067 $5,172 $3,117 $1,131 $3,125 $— $— $16,501 740-799 1,333 1,940 2,560 1,411 592 1,625 — — 9,461 680-739 367 631 758 466 266 873 — — 3,361 620-679 54 135 165 90 121 445 — — 1,010 <620 9 48 104 95 161 561 — — 978 No FICO available (1) 1 — 2 1 3 14 — — 21 Total residential mortgages 2,653 5,821 8,761 5,180 2,274 6,643 — — 31,332 Home equity 800+ — 4 4 1 4 91 5,078 222 5,404 740-799 — 1 2 1 3 82 4,708 241 5,038 680-739 1 1 1 2 5 93 2,693 202 2,998 620-679 — 1 1 2 8 77 718 137 944 <620 — 2 1 1 10 80 332 230 656 Total home equity 1 9 9 7 30 423 13,529 1,032 15,040 Automobile 800+ 81 539 1,062 368 162 47 — — 2,259 740-799 134 671 1,038 375 165 52 — — 2,435 680-739 147 577 708 252 118 39 — — 1,841 620-679 94 316 345 112 65 26 — — 958 <620 44 232 291 100 66 32 — — 765 Total automobile 500 2,335 3,444 1,207 576 196 — — 8,258 Education 800+ 296 671 1,637 1,418 600 1,185 — — 5,807 740-799 368 694 1,050 850 369 678 — — 4,009 680-739 143 289 333 273 134 298 — — 1,470 620-679 30 65 68 58 32 107 — — 360 <620 5 18 25 23 15 55 — — 141 No FICO available (1) 10 — 1 — — 36 — — 47 Total education 852 1,737 3,114 2,622 1,150 2,359 — — 11,834 Other retail 800+ 183 70 38 35 16 18 500 — 860 740-799 258 87 46 45 21 19 963 1 1,440 680-739 214 76 39 39 18 11 973 2 1,372 620-679 118 48 23 19 6 4 419 2 639 <620 31 35 18 14 4 2 251 2 357 No FICO available (1) 7 1 — 1 — — 373 — 382 Total other retail 811 317 164 153 65 54 3,479 7 5,050 Total retail 800+ 1,449 4,351 7,913 4,939 1,913 4,466 5,578 222 30,831 740-799 2,093 3,393 4,696 2,682 1,150 2,456 5,671 242 22,383 680-739 872 1,574 1,839 1,032 541 1,314 3,666 204 11,042 620-679 296 565 602 281 232 659 1,137 139 3,911 <620 89 335 439 233 256 730 583 232 2,897 No FICO available (1) 18 1 3 2 3 50 373 — 450 Total retail $4,817 $10,219 $15,492 $9,169 $4,095 $9,675 $17,008 $1,039 $71,514 (1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes). The following tables present gross charge-offs by vintage date for the Company’s loan and lease portfolios: Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior to 2020 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial $— $— $1 $11 $— $3 $13 $— $28 Commercial real estate — — 1 19 86 68 — — 174 Total commercial — — 2 30 86 71 13 — 202 Residential mortgages — — — — — 3 — — 3 Home equity — — — — — 2 5 1 8 Automobile — 3 16 17 5 6 — — 47 Education — — 3 13 14 33 — — 63 Other retail 15 10 7 10 2 6 81 — 131 Total retail 15 13 26 40 21 50 86 1 252 Total loans and leases $15 $13 $28 $70 $107 $121 $99 $1 $454 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior to 2019 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial $— $1 $32 $4 $1 $5 $29 $— $72 Commercial real estate — — — 22 6 38 — — 66 Total commercial — 1 32 26 7 43 29 — 138 Residential mortgages — — — — 1 1 — — 2 Home equity — — — — — 2 3 — 5 Automobile — 15 21 7 6 5 — — 54 Education — 3 6 10 7 23 — — 49 Other retail 19 20 7 5 7 5 49 — 112 Total retail 19 38 34 22 21 36 52 — 222 Total loans and leases $19 $39 $66 $48 $28 $79 $81 $— $360 Nonaccrual and Past Due Assets The following tables present an aging analysis of accruing and nonaccrual loans and leases as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023: June 30, 2024 Days Past Due and Accruing (dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual Total Nonaccrual with no related ACL Commercial and industrial $43,311 $27 $17 $7 $261 $43,623 $25 Commercial real estate 27,424 72 101 36 678 28,311 111 Total commercial 70,735 99 118 43 939 71,934 136 Residential mortgages 31,417 93 45 182 153 31,890 126 Home equity 15,147 79 29 — 279 15,534 195 Automobile 6,190 113 36 — 44 6,383 6 Education 11,154 37 20 2 52 11,265 3 Other retail 4,707 40 28 1 60 4,836 1 Total retail 68,615 362 158 185 588 69,908 331 Total $139,350 $461 $276 $228 $1,527 $141,842 $467 Guaranteed residential mortgages (1) $821 $59 $28 $168 $— $1,076 $— December 31, 2023 Days Past Due and Accruing (dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual Total Nonaccrual with no related ACL Commercial and industrial $44,591 $62 $18 $6 $297 $44,974 $30 Commercial real estate 28,745 150 59 40 477 29,471 71 Total commercial 73,336 212 77 46 774 74,445 101 Residential mortgages 30,499 282 118 256 177 31,332 144 Home equity 14,640 82 33 — 285 15,040 198 Automobile 8,005 144 48 — 61 8,258 7 Education 11,732 49 23 2 28 11,834 3 Other retail 4,899 49 34 29 39 5,050 — Total retail 69,775 606 256 287 590 71,514 352 Total $143,111 $818 $333 $333 $1,364 $145,959 $453 Guaranteed residential mortgages (1) $675 $128 $76 $243 $— $1,122 $— (1) Guaranteed residential mortgages represent loans fully or partially guaranteed by the FHA, VA, and USDA, and are included in the amounts presented for Residential mortgages. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had collateral-dependent residential mortgage and home equity loans totaling $530 million and $556 million, respectively, and collateral-dependent commercial loans totaling $404 million and $233 million, respectively. The amortized cost basis of mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in-process was $317 million and $336 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Company offers loan modifications, characterized as FDMs, to retail and commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as a result of its loss mitigation activities that may result in a payment delay, interest rate reduction, term extension, principal forgiveness, or combination thereof. Payment delays consist of modifications that result in a delay of contractual amounts due greater than three months over a rolling 12-month period. Commercial loan modifications are offered on a case-by-case basis and generally include a payment delay, term extension and/or interest rate reduction. The Company does not typically offer principal forgiveness for commercial loans. Retail loan modifications are offered through structured loan modification programs, which are summarized below. • Forbearance programs provide borrowers experiencing some form of hardship a period of time during which their contractual payment obligations are suspended, resulting in a payment delay and/or term extension. • Other repayment plans are offered due to hardship and include an interest rate reduction and/or term extension designed to enable the borrower to return the loan to current status in an expeditious manner. • Settlement agreements may be executed with borrowers experiencing a long-term hardship or who are delinquent, resulting in principal forgiveness. Upon fulfillment of the terms of the settlement agreement, the unpaid principal amount is forgiven resulting in a charge-off of the outstanding principal balance. • Certain reorganization bankruptcy judgments may result in any one of the four modification types or some combination thereof. The following tables present the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and modification type. The modification type reflects the cumulative effect of all FDMs received during the indicated period. Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Total as a % of Loan Class (1) Commercial and industrial $— $184 $14 $— $— $— $198 0.45 % Commercial real estate — 307 87 — 24 49 467 1.65 Total commercial — 491 101 — 24 49 665 0.92 Residential mortgages 2 15 5 — 2 — 24 0.08 Home equity 1 1 — — 2 — 4 0.03 Automobile — — — — — — — — Education 3 2 19 — — — 24 0.21 Other retail 4 — — — — — 4 0.08 Total retail 10 18 24 — 4 — 56 0.08 Total $10 $509 $125 $— $28 $49 $721 0.51 % Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Total as a % of Loan Class (1) Commercial and industrial $— $123 $— $— $1 $1 $125 0.26 % Commercial real estate — 298 — — — 1 299 1.03 Total commercial — 421 — — 1 2 424 0.54 Residential mortgages 2 17 — — 8 — 27 0.09 Home equity — 2 — — 2 — 4 0.03 Automobile — — — — — — — — Education 2 — 1 — — — 3 0.02 Other retail 3 — — — — — 3 0.06 Total retail 7 19 1 — 10 — 37 0.05 Total $7 $440 $1 $— $11 $2 $461 0.30 % Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Total as a % of Loan Class (1) Commercial and industrial $— $210 $78 $— $1 $32 $321 0.74 % Commercial real estate — 569 110 — 63 50 792 2.80 Total commercial — 779 188 — 64 82 1,113 1.55 Residential mortgages 3 50 8 — 4 — 65 0.20 Home equity 2 1 — — 6 — 9 0.06 Automobile — — — — — — — — Education 6 1 30 — — — 37 0.33 Other retail 9 — — — — — 9 0.19 Total retail 20 52 38 — 10 — 120 0.17 Total $20 $831 $226 $— $74 $82 $1,233 0.87 % Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Total as a % of Loan Class (1) Commercial and industrial $— $160 $32 $— $1 $21 $214 0.45 % Commercial real estate — 335 — — — 1 336 1.16 Total commercial — 495 32 — 1 22 550 0.70 Residential mortgages 4 35 — — 10 — 49 0.16 Home equity — 3 — — 4 — 7 0.05 Automobile — — — — — — — — Education 4 — 1 — — — 5 0.04 Other retail 6 — — — — — 6 0.12 Total retail 14 38 1 — 14 — 67 0.09 Total $14 $533 $33 $— $15 $22 $617 0.41 % (1) Represents the total amortized cost as of period-end divided by the period-end amortized cost of the corresponding loan class. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from amortized cost and is immaterial. The following tables present the financial effect of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, disaggregated by class of financing receivable. Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction (1) Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months) (1) Weighted-Average Payment Deferral (1) Amount of Principal Forgiven (2) Commercial and industrial 1.59 % 8 $1 $— Commercial real estate 2.44 9 1 — Residential mortgages 1.45 99 — — Home equity 4.63 92 — — Automobile — — — — Education 4.37 24 — — Other retail 20.41 — — 2 Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction (1) Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months) (1) Weighted-Average Payment Deferral (1) Amount of Principal Forgiven (2) Commercial and industrial 2.87 % 9 $— $— Commercial real estate — 7 — — Residential mortgages 2.04 52 — — Home equity 2.20 115 — — Automobile 2.40 19 — — Education 4.90 — — — Other retail 18.76 — — 1 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction (1) Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months) (1) Weighted-Average Payment Deferral (1) Amount of Principal Forgiven (2) Commercial and industrial 3.84 % 10 $1 $— Commercial real estate 1.24 16 1 — Residential mortgages 1.63 92 — — Home equity 3.82 90 — — Automobile — — — — Education 4.41 24 — — Other retail 20.05 — — 4 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction (1) Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months) (1) Weighted-Average Payment Deferral (1) Amount of Principal Forgiven (2) Commercial and industrial 3.06 % 9 $— $— Commercial real estate — 8 — — Residential mortgages 1.86 48 — — Home equity 2.12 125 — — Automobile 2.59 21 — — Education 5.00 — — — Other retail 18.28 22 — 2 (1) Weighted based on period-end amortized cost. (2) Amounts are recorded as charge-offs. The following tables present an aging analysis of the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the twelve month period ending June 30, 2024 and the six month period ending June 30, 2023, disaggregated by class of financing receivable. A loan in a forbearance or repayment plan is reported as past due according to its contractual terms until contractually modified. Subsequent to modification, it is reported as past due based on its restructured terms. June 30, 2024 Days Past Due and Accruing (dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual Total Commercial and industrial $300 $11 $— $— $115 $426 Commercial real estate 723 66 — — 120 909 Total commercial 1,023 77 — — 235 1,335 Residential mortgages 79 — 9 22 11 121 Home equity 6 — — — 10 16 Automobile — — — — — — Education 31 1 1 — 31 64 Other retail 11 1 1 — 1 14 Total retail 127 2 11 22 53 215 Total $1,150 $79 $11 $22 $288 $1,550 June 30, 2023 Days Past Due and Accruing (dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual Total Commercial and industrial $151 $7 $— $— $56 $214 Commercial real estate 256 24 — — 56 336 Total commercial 407 31 — — 112 550 Residential mortgages 33 — 2 4 10 49 Home equity 1 — — — 6 7 Automobile — — — — — — Education 4 — — — 1 5 Other retail 4 1 — — 1 6 Total retail 42 1 2 4 18 67 Total $449 $32 $2 $4 $130 $617 The following tables present the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that defaulted during the period presented and were modified within the previous 12 months preceding the default, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and modification type. The modification type reflects the cumulative effect of all FDMs at the time of default. A loan is considered to be in default if, subsequent to modification, it becomes 90 or more days past due or is placed on nonaccrual status. Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Total Commercial and industrial $— $1 $— $— $1 Commercial real estate — 33 — — 33 Total commercial — 34 — — 34 Residential mortgages — 5 1 1 7 Home equity — — — — — Automobile — — — — — Education 2 — 14 — 16 Other retail 1 — — — 1 Total retail 3 5 15 1 24 Total $3 $39 $15 $1 $58 Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Total Commercial and industrial $— $— $— Commercial real estate 38 — 38 Total commercial 38 — 38 Residential mortgages 2 2 4 Home equity — — — Automobile — — — Education — — — Other retail — — — Total retail 2 2 4 Total $40 $2 $42 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Total Commercial and industrial $— $18 $— $— $18 Commercial real estate — 70 — — 70 Total commercial — 88 — — 88 Residential mortgages — 12 1 1 14 Home equity — — — — — Automobile — — — — — Education 3 — 14 — 17 Other retail 1 — — — 1 Total retail 4 12 15 1 32 Total $4 $100 $15 $1 $120 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Commercial and industrial $3 $— $20 $23 Commercial real estate 38 — — 38 Total commercial 41 — 20 61 Residential mortgages 2 2 — 4 Home equity — — — — Automobile — — — — Education — — — — Other retail — — — — Total retail 2 2 — 4 Total $43 $2 $20 $65 Unfunded commitments related to loans modified during the six months ended June 30, 2024 were $73 million at June 30, 2024. Unfunded commitments related to loans modified during the year ended December 31, 2023 were $221 million at December 31, 2023. Concentrations of Credit Risk The Company’s lending activity is geographically well diversified with an emphasis in our core markets located in the New England, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions. Generally, loans are collateralized by assets including real estate, inventory, accounts receivable, other personal property and investment securities. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no material concentration risks within the commercial or retail loan portfolios. Exposure to credit losses arising from lending transactions may fluctuate with fair values of collateral supporting loans, which may not perform according to contractual agreements. The Company’s policy is to collateralize loans to the extent necessary; however, unsecured loans are also granted on the basis of the financial strength of the applicant and the facts surrounding the transaction. |