CREDIT QUALITY AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 4 - CREDIT QUALITY AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Allowance for Credit Losses The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses in its loan and lease portfolios is recorded in the ACL and considers extensive historical loss experience, including the impact of loss mitigation and restructuring programs that the Company offers to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, as well as projected loss severity as a result of loan default. For a detailed discussion of the ACL reserve methodology and estimation techniques as of December 31, 2023, see Note 6 in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. There were no significant changes to the ACL reserve methodology during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The following table presents a summary of changes in the ACL for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024: Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Commercial Retail Total Commercial Retail Total Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period $1,282 $843 $2,125 $1,250 $848 $2,098 Charge-offs (106) (125) (231) (308) (377) (685) Recoveries 8 31 39 29 99 128 Net charge-offs (98) (94) (192) (279) (278) (557) Provision expense (benefit) for loans and leases 3 143 146 216 322 538 Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period 1,187 892 2,079 1,187 892 2,079 Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period 147 34 181 175 45 220 Provision expense (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments 17 9 26 (11) (2) (13) Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period 164 43 207 164 43 207 Total allowance for credit losses, end of period $1,351 $935 $2,286 $1,351 $935 $2,286 During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net charge-offs of $557 million and a provision for expected credit losses of $525 million resulted in a decrease of $32 million to the ACL. As of September 30, 2024, the ACL economic forecast over a two-year reasonable and supportable period was consistent with December 31, 2023, with peak unemployment of approximately 5.1% and start-to-trough real GDP decline of approximately 0.4%. These forecasts reflect a mild recession over the two-year reasonable and supportable period. The following table presents a summary of changes in the ACL for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Commercial Retail Total Commercial Retail Total Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period $1,157 $887 $2,044 $1,060 $923 $1,983 Charge-offs (74) (117) (191) (212) (339) (551) Recoveries 4 34 38 14 99 113 Net charge-offs (70) (83) (153) (198) (240) (438) Provision expense (benefit) for loans and leases 146 43 189 371 164 535 Allowance for loan and lease losses, end of period 1,233 847 2,080 1,233 847 2,080 Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period 213 42 255 207 50 257 Provision expense (benefit) for unfunded lending commitments (21) 4 (17) (15) (4) (19) Allowance for unfunded lending commitments, end of period 192 46 238 192 46 238 Total allowance for credit losses, end of period $1,425 $893 $2,318 $1,425 $893 $2,318 Credit Quality Indicators The Company presents loan and lease portfolio segments and classes by credit quality indicator and vintage year and defines the vintage date for the purpose of this disclosure as the date of the most recent credit decision. Renewals are categorized as new credit decisions and reflect the renewal date as the vintage date, except for renewals of loans modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, or FDMs, which are presented in the original vintage. The Company utilizes internal risk ratings to monitor credit quality for commercial loans and leases. For more information on these ratings see Note 6 in the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases by vintage date and internal risk rating as of September 30, 2024: Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior to 2020 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial Pass $4,147 $2,910 $4,856 $3,430 $1,095 $2,266 $21,931 $71 $40,706 Special Mention 6 71 104 271 27 38 310 — 827 Substandard Accrual 3 60 259 344 151 292 950 14 2,073 Nonaccrual — 23 55 17 5 65 48 6 219 Total commercial and industrial 4,156 3,064 5,274 4,062 1,278 2,661 23,239 91 43,825 Commercial real estate Pass 1,599 1,326 5,695 5,806 1,990 4,690 1,411 4 22,521 Special Mention 1 — 1,013 428 160 485 129 — 2,216 Substandard Accrual — 6 326 347 455 1,121 135 4 2,394 Nonaccrual — — 86 38 91 635 2 — 852 Total commercial real estate 1,600 1,332 7,120 6,619 2,696 6,931 1,677 8 27,983 Total commercial Pass 5,746 4,236 10,551 9,236 3,085 6,956 23,342 75 63,227 Special Mention 7 71 1,117 699 187 523 439 — 3,043 Substandard Accrual 3 66 585 691 606 1,413 1,085 18 4,467 Nonaccrual — 23 141 55 96 700 50 6 1,071 Total commercial $5,756 $4,396 $12,394 $10,681 $3,974 $9,592 $24,916 $99 $71,808 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases by vintage date and internal risk rating as of December 31, 2023: Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior to 2019 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial Pass $3,694 $6,512 $5,331 $1,445 $1,147 $2,299 $21,033 $53 $41,514 Special Mention 59 221 355 30 50 113 368 — 1,196 Substandard Accrual 8 189 337 218 125 287 792 11 1,967 Nonaccrual 1 72 54 4 5 102 53 6 297 Total commercial and industrial 3,762 6,994 6,077 1,697 1,327 2,801 22,246 70 44,974 Commercial real estate Pass 1,906 5,791 6,062 2,555 2,294 3,895 1,975 8 24,486 Special Mention — 713 539 222 183 260 75 — 1,992 Substandard Accrual — 277 203 469 528 939 100 — 2,516 Nonaccrual 1 66 2 23 144 238 3 — 477 Total commercial real estate 1,907 6,847 6,806 3,269 3,149 5,332 2,153 8 29,471 Total commercial Pass 5,600 12,303 11,393 4,000 3,441 6,194 23,008 61 66,000 Special Mention 59 934 894 252 233 373 443 — 3,188 Substandard Accrual 8 466 540 687 653 1,226 892 11 4,483 Nonaccrual 2 138 56 27 149 340 56 6 774 Total commercial $5,669 $13,841 $12,883 $4,966 $4,476 $8,133 $24,399 $78 $74,445 For retail loans, the Company utilizes FICO credit scores and the loan’s payment and delinquency status to monitor credit quality. Management believes FICO scores are the strongest indicator of credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and assist management in predicting the borrower’s future payment performance. Scores are based on current and historical national industry-wide consumer level credit performance data. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans by vintage date and current FICO score as of September 30, 2024: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior to 2020 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Residential mortgages 800+ $884 $1,295 $3,276 $5,165 $2,962 $3,952 $— $— $17,534 740-799 1,268 930 1,659 2,279 1,359 2,009 — — 9,504 680-739 304 292 579 702 430 988 — — 3,295 620-679 26 57 122 151 84 506 — — 946 <620 6 35 73 147 95 726 — — 1,082 No FICO available (1) — — — 1 1 16 — — 18 Total residential mortgages 2,488 2,609 5,709 8,445 4,931 8,197 — — 32,379 Home equity 800+ 1 — 3 4 1 80 5,414 204 5,707 740-799 — — 2 2 1 70 5,102 227 5,404 680-739 — — 1 — 2 78 2,895 185 3,161 620-679 — 1 4 1 2 66 734 139 947 <620 — 2 5 3 1 65 433 264 773 No FICO available (1) — — — — — — — — — Total home equity 1 3 15 10 7 359 14,578 1,019 15,992 Automobile 800+ — 72 420 762 226 84 — — 1,564 740-799 — 101 488 685 220 88 — — 1,582 680-739 — 102 397 458 144 65 — — 1,166 620-679 — 60 214 229 67 40 — — 610 <620 — 47 210 237 73 51 — — 618 No FICO available (1) — — — — — — — — — Total automobile — 382 1,729 2,371 730 328 — — 5,540 Education 800+ 184 377 665 1,560 1,291 1,544 — — 5,621 740-799 223 379 598 850 691 859 — — 3,600 680-739 84 159 243 276 222 358 — — 1,342 620-679 19 48 58 60 54 120 — — 359 <620 3 12 21 28 24 65 — — 153 No FICO available (1) 12 — — — — 31 — — 43 Total education 525 975 1,585 2,774 2,282 2,977 — — 11,118 Other retail 800+ 150 104 41 19 16 14 491 — 835 740-799 228 141 50 22 20 14 907 1 1,383 680-739 181 120 43 20 15 11 877 1 1,268 620-679 83 65 29 12 9 4 354 1 557 <620 19 35 35 16 9 4 236 1 355 No FICO available (1) 13 — — — — — 384 — 397 Total other retail 674 465 198 89 69 47 3,249 4 4,795 Total retail 800+ 1,219 1,848 4,405 7,510 4,496 5,674 5,905 204 31,261 740-799 1,719 1,551 2,797 3,838 2,291 3,040 6,009 228 21,473 680-739 569 673 1,263 1,456 813 1,500 3,772 186 10,232 620-679 128 231 427 453 216 736 1,088 140 3,419 <620 28 131 344 431 202 911 669 265 2,981 No FICO available (1) 25 — — 1 1 47 384 — 458 Total retail $3,688 $4,434 $9,236 $13,689 $8,019 $11,908 $17,827 $1,023 $69,824 (1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes). The following table presents the amortized cost basis of retail loans by vintage date and current FICO score as of December 31, 2023: Term Loans by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior to 2019 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Residential mortgages 800+ $889 $3,067 $5,172 $3,117 $1,131 $3,125 $— $— $16,501 740-799 1,333 1,940 2,560 1,411 592 1,625 — — 9,461 680-739 367 631 758 466 266 873 — — 3,361 620-679 54 135 165 90 121 445 — — 1,010 <620 9 48 104 95 161 561 — — 978 No FICO available (1) 1 — 2 1 3 14 — — 21 Total residential mortgages 2,653 5,821 8,761 5,180 2,274 6,643 — — 31,332 Home equity 800+ — 4 4 1 4 91 5,078 222 5,404 740-799 — 1 2 1 3 82 4,708 241 5,038 680-739 1 1 1 2 5 93 2,693 202 2,998 620-679 — 1 1 2 8 77 718 137 944 <620 — 2 1 1 10 80 332 230 656 No FICO available (1) — — — — — — — — — Total home equity 1 9 9 7 30 423 13,529 1,032 15,040 Automobile 800+ 81 539 1,062 368 162 47 — — 2,259 740-799 134 671 1,038 375 165 52 — — 2,435 680-739 147 577 708 252 118 39 — — 1,841 620-679 94 316 345 112 65 26 — — 958 <620 44 232 291 100 66 32 — — 765 No FICO available (1) — — — — — — — — — Total automobile 500 2,335 3,444 1,207 576 196 — — 8,258 Education 800+ 296 671 1,637 1,418 600 1,185 — — 5,807 740-799 368 694 1,050 850 369 678 — — 4,009 680-739 143 289 333 273 134 298 — — 1,470 620-679 30 65 68 58 32 107 — — 360 <620 5 18 25 23 15 55 — — 141 No FICO available (1) 10 — 1 — — 36 — — 47 Total education 852 1,737 3,114 2,622 1,150 2,359 — — 11,834 Other retail 800+ 183 70 38 35 16 18 500 — 860 740-799 258 87 46 45 21 19 963 1 1,440 680-739 214 76 39 39 18 11 973 2 1,372 620-679 118 48 23 19 6 4 419 2 639 <620 31 35 18 14 4 2 251 2 357 No FICO available (1) 7 1 — 1 — — 373 — 382 Total other retail 811 317 164 153 65 54 3,479 7 5,050 Total retail 800+ 1,449 4,351 7,913 4,939 1,913 4,466 5,578 222 30,831 740-799 2,093 3,393 4,696 2,682 1,150 2,456 5,671 242 22,383 680-739 872 1,574 1,839 1,032 541 1,314 3,666 204 11,042 620-679 296 565 602 281 232 659 1,137 139 3,911 <620 89 335 439 233 256 730 583 232 2,897 No FICO available (1) 18 1 3 2 3 50 373 — 450 Total retail $4,817 $10,219 $15,492 $9,169 $4,095 $9,675 $17,008 $1,039 $71,514 (1) Represents loans for which an updated FICO score was unavailable (e.g., due to recent profile changes). The following tables present gross charge-offs by vintage date for the Company’s loan and lease portfolios: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior to 2020 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial $— $— $15 $22 $1 $15 $32 $— $85 Commercial real estate — — 1 22 98 102 — — 223 Total commercial — — 16 44 99 117 32 — 308 Residential mortgages — — — — — 4 — — 4 Home equity — — — — — 3 8 1 12 Automobile — 5 23 23 7 4 9 1 72 Education — 2 6 18 21 46 — — 93 Other retail 25 10 7 12 2 8 132 — 196 Total retail 25 17 36 53 30 65 149 2 377 Total loans and leases $25 $17 $52 $97 $129 $182 $181 $2 $685 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year Revolving Loans (dollars in millions) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior to 2019 Within the Revolving Period Converted to Term Total Commercial and industrial $— $1 $32 $4 $1 $24 $35 $— $97 Commercial real estate — — — 51 11 53 — — 115 Total commercial — 1 32 55 12 77 35 — 212 Residential mortgages — — — — 1 2 — — 3 Home equity — — — — — 2 6 — 8 Automobile — 24 31 11 9 7 — — 82 Education — 3 12 16 10 35 — — 76 Other retail 36 22 7 6 8 7 84 — 170 Total retail 36 49 50 33 28 53 90 — 339 Total loans and leases $36 $50 $82 $88 $40 $130 $125 $— $551 Nonaccrual and Past Due Assets The following tables present an aging analysis of accruing and nonaccrual loans and leases as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023: September 30, 2024 Days Past Due and Accruing (dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual Total Nonaccrual with no related ACL Commercial and industrial $43,542 $54 $5 $5 $219 $43,825 $48 Commercial real estate 26,961 72 83 15 852 27,983 64 Total commercial 70,503 126 88 20 1,071 71,808 112 Residential mortgages 31,923 93 48 146 169 32,379 129 Home equity 15,591 93 27 — 281 15,992 186 Automobile 5,347 109 38 — 46 5,540 5 Education 10,989 43 25 2 59 11,118 2 Other retail 4,658 44 31 1 61 4,795 1 Total retail 68,508 382 169 149 616 69,824 323 Total $139,011 $508 $257 $169 $1,687 $141,632 $435 Guaranteed residential mortgages (1) $830 $54 $29 $145 $— $1,058 $— December 31, 2023 Days Past Due and Accruing (dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual Total Nonaccrual with no related ACL Commercial and industrial $44,591 $62 $18 $6 $297 $44,974 $30 Commercial real estate 28,745 150 59 40 477 29,471 71 Total commercial 73,336 212 77 46 774 74,445 101 Residential mortgages 30,499 282 118 256 177 31,332 144 Home equity 14,640 82 33 — 285 15,040 198 Automobile 8,005 144 48 — 61 8,258 7 Education 11,732 49 23 2 28 11,834 3 Other retail 4,899 49 34 29 39 5,050 — Total retail 69,775 606 256 287 590 71,514 352 Total $143,111 $818 $333 $333 $1,364 $145,959 $453 Guaranteed residential mortgages (1) $675 $128 $76 $243 $— $1,122 $— (1) Guaranteed residential mortgages represent loans fully or partially guaranteed by the FHA, VA, and USDA, and are included in the amounts presented for Residential mortgages. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had collateral-dependent residential mortgage and home equity loans totaling $529 million and $556 million, respectively, and collateral-dependent commercial loans totaling $607 million and $233 million, respectively. The amortized cost basis of mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in-process was $319 million and $336 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Company offers loan modifications, characterized as FDMs, to retail and commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as a result of its loss mitigation activities that may result in a payment delay, interest rate reduction, term extension, principal forgiveness, or combination thereof. Payment delays consist of modifications that result in a delay of contractual amounts due greater than three months over a rolling 12-month period. Commercial loan modifications are offered on a case-by-case basis and generally include a payment delay, term extension and/or interest rate reduction. The Company does not typically offer principal forgiveness for commercial loans. Retail loan modifications are offered through structured loan modification programs, which are summarized below. • Forbearance programs provide borrowers experiencing some form of hardship a period of time during which their contractual payment obligations are suspended, resulting in a payment delay and/or term extension. • Other repayment plans are offered due to hardship and include an interest rate reduction and/or term extension designed to enable the borrower to return the loan to current status in an expeditious manner. • Settlement agreements may be executed with borrowers experiencing a long-term hardship or who are delinquent, resulting in principal forgiveness. Upon fulfillment of the terms of the settlement agreement, the unpaid principal amount is forgiven resulting in a charge-off of the outstanding principal balance. • Certain reorganization bankruptcy judgments may result in any one of the four modification types or some combination thereof. The following tables present the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and modification type. The modification type reflects the cumulative effect of all FDMs received during the indicated period. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Total as a % of Loan Class (1) Commercial and industrial $— $75 $25 $— $1 $3 $104 0.24 % Commercial real estate — 156 23 — 67 94 340 1.22 Total commercial — 231 48 — 68 97 444 0.62 Residential mortgages 1 15 1 — 4 1 22 0.07 Home equity 2 1 — — 4 — 7 0.04 Automobile — — — — — — — — Education 3 1 16 — — — 20 0.18 Other retail 5 — — — — — 5 0.10 Total retail 11 17 17 — 8 1 54 0.08 Total $11 $248 $65 $— $76 $98 $498 0.35 % Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Total as a % of Loan Class (1) Commercial and industrial $— $148 $47 $— $— $1 $196 0.42 % Commercial real estate — 131 — — 37 1 169 0.57 Total commercial — 279 47 — 37 2 365 0.47 Residential mortgages 2 25 — — 6 — 33 0.11 Home equity 1 1 — — 1 — 3 0.02 Automobile — — — — — — — — Education 3 — 1 — — — 4 0.03 Other retail 3 — — — — — 3 0.06 Total retail 9 26 1 — 7 — 43 0.06 Total $9 $305 $48 $— $44 $2 $408 0.27 % Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Total as a % of Loan Class (1) Commercial and industrial $— $179 $86 $— $1 $23 $— $289 0.66 % Commercial real estate — 505 100 — 130 144 — 879 3.14 Total commercial — 684 186 — 131 167 — 1,168 1.63 Residential mortgages 4 63 9 — 8 1 1 86 0.27 Home equity 3 2 — — 9 — — 14 0.09 Automobile — — — — — — — — — Education 9 2 39 — — — — 50 0.45 Other retail 13 — — — — — — 13 0.27 Total retail 29 67 48 — 17 1 1 163 0.23 Total $29 $751 $234 $— $148 $168 $1 $1,331 0.94 % Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Principal Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Total as a % of Loan Class (1) Commercial and industrial $— $263 $78 $— $1 $2 $344 0.74 % Commercial real estate — 454 — — 37 1 492 1.67 Total commercial — 717 78 — 38 3 836 1.08 Residential mortgages 6 59 — — 16 — 81 0.26 Home equity 1 4 — — 5 — 10 0.07 Automobile — — — — — — — — Education 7 — 2 — — — 9 0.07 Other retail 8 — — — — — 8 0.16 Total retail 22 63 2 — 21 — 108 0.15 Total $22 $780 $80 $— $59 $3 $944 0.63 % (1) Represents the total amortized cost as of period-end divided by the period-end amortized cost of the corresponding loan class. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from amortized cost and is immaterial. The following tables present the financial effect of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, disaggregated by class of financing receivable. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction (1) Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months) (1) Weighted-Average Payment Deferral (1) Amount of Principal Forgiven (2) Commercial and industrial 3.62 % 14 $11 $— Commercial real estate 4.31 9 1 — Residential mortgages 1.52 94 — — Home equity 4.32 51 — — Automobile — — — — Education 4.44 24 — — Other retail 20.79 — — 1 Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction (1) Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months) (1) Weighted-Average Payment Deferral (1) Amount of Principal Forgiven (2) Commercial and industrial 2.32 % 17 $— $— Commercial real estate 1.25 7 — — Residential mortgages 0.98 47 — — Home equity 2.51 133 — — Automobile — — — — Education 4.95 — — — Other retail 18.86 — — 1 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction (1) Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months) (1) Weighted-Average Payment Deferral (1) Amount of Principal Forgiven (2) Commercial and industrial 3.72 % 15 $3 $— Commercial real estate 2.83 17 1 — Residential mortgages 1.59 92 — — Home equity 4.03 75 — — Automobile — — — — Education 4.42 24 — — Other retail 20.23 — — 5 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction (1) Weighted-Average Term Extension (in Months) (1) Weighted-Average Payment Deferral (1) Amount of Principal Forgiven (2) Commercial and industrial 2.95 % 14 $1 $— Commercial real estate 1.25 8 — — Residential mortgages 1.55 48 — — Home equity 2.24 127 — — Automobile 3.47 20 — — Education 4.97 — — — Other retail 18.45 — — 4 (1) Weighted based on period-end amortized cost. (2) Amounts are recorded as charge-offs. The following tables present an aging analysis of the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the twelve month period ending September 30, 2024 and the nine month period ending September 30, 2023, disaggregated by class of financing receivable. A loan in a forbearance or repayment plan is reported as past due according to its contractual terms until contractually modified. Subsequent to modification, it is reported as past due based on its restructured terms. September 30, 2024 Days Past Due and Accruing (dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual Total Commercial and industrial $211 $35 $1 $— $54 $301 Commercial real estate 590 30 63 — 287 970 Total commercial 801 65 64 — 341 1,271 Residential mortgages 73 6 4 16 12 111 Home equity 11 — — — 8 19 Automobile — — — — — — Education 34 1 — — 35 70 Other retail 12 1 1 — 1 15 Total retail 130 8 5 16 56 215 Total $931 $73 $69 $16 $397 $1,486 September 30, 2023 Days Past Due and Accruing (dollars in millions) Current 30-59 60-89 90+ Nonaccrual Total Commercial and industrial $262 $— $— $— $82 $344 Commercial real estate 262 55 — — 175 492 Total commercial 524 55 — — 257 836 Residential mortgages 52 — 5 13 11 81 Home equity 3 — — — 7 10 Automobile — — — — — — Education 8 — — — 1 9 Other retail 6 1 — — 1 8 Total retail 69 1 5 13 20 108 Total $593 $56 $5 $13 $277 $944 The following tables present the period-end amortized cost of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that defaulted during the period presented and were modified within the previous 12 months preceding the default, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and modification type. The modification type reflects the cumulative effect of all FDMs at the time of default. A loan is considered to be in default if, subsequent to modification, it becomes 90 or more days past due or is placed on nonaccrual status. Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Commercial and industrial $1 $3 $— $15 $19 Commercial real estate — 75 21 — 96 Total commercial 1 78 21 15 115 Residential mortgages — 11 — — 11 Home equity — — — — — Automobile — — — — — Education 1 — — — 1 Other retail 1 — — — 1 Total retail 2 11 — — 13 Total $3 $89 $21 $15 $128 Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Total Commercial and industrial $— $— $— $— $— Commercial real estate — 41 — — 41 Total commercial — 41 — — 41 Residential mortgages 1 6 — 5 12 Home equity — 1 — 2 3 Automobile — — — — — Education — — 1 — 1 Other retail — — — — — Total retail 1 7 1 7 16 Total $1 $48 $1 $7 $57 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Term Extension and Payment Delay Total Commercial and industrial $1 $3 $— $— $15 $19 Commercial real estate — 141 21 — — 162 Total commercial 1 144 21 — 15 181 Residential mortgages — 22 1 1 1 25 Home equity — — — 1 — 1 Automobile — — — — — — Education 4 — 12 — — 16 Other retail 1 — — — — 1 Total retail 5 22 13 2 1 43 Total $6 $166 $34 $2 $16 $224 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in millions) Interest Rate Reduction Term Extension Payment Delay Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Total Commercial and industrial $— $3 $— $— $3 Commercial real estate — 67 — — 67 Total commercial — 70 — — 70 Residential mortgages 1 6 — 5 12 Home equity — 1 — 2 3 Automobile — — — — — Education — — 1 — 1 Other retail — — — — — Total retail 1 7 1 7 16 Total $1 $77 $1 $7 $86 Unfunded commitments related to loans modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $75 million at September 30, 2024. Unfunded commitments related to loans modified during the year ended December 31, 2023 were $221 million at December 31, 2023. Concentrations of Credit Risk The Company’s lending activity is geographically well diversified with an emphasis in our core markets located in the New England, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest regions. Generally, loans are collateralized by assets including real estate, inventory, accounts receivable, other personal property and investment securities. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no material concentration risks within the commercial or retail loan portfolios. Exposure to credit losses arising from lending transactions may fluctuate with fair values of collateral supporting loans, which may not perform according to contractual agreements. The Company’s policy is to collateralize loans to the extent necessary; however, unsecured loans are also granted on the basis of the financial strength of the applicant and the facts surrounding the transaction. |